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1. Blastocystis sp. Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution amongst Syrian Refugee Communities Living in North Lebanon

Author

Mathieu Nabot, Magali Chabé, Monzer Hamze, Eric Viscogliosi, Gaël Even, Manasi Sawant, Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste, Salma Khaled, Aisha Ayoubi, Gabriela Certad, Dima El Safadi, Nausicaa Gantois, Jinane El Houmayraa, Fouad Dabboussi, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Libanaise, Gènes Diffusion [Douai], Plateforme d'expertises génomiques appliquées aux sciences expérimentales [Lille] (PEGASE-Biosciences), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Concern Worldwide, Solidarités International, Faculté de gestion, économie et sciences [UCL, Lille] (FGES), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), This study was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, the Institut Pasteur of Lille, the University of Lille, the University Catholic of Lille, the CHRU of Lille, the Lebanese University and the non-governmental organizations Concern Worldwide and Solidarités International. SK and MS were supported by PhD fellowships from the AZM & Saade Association of Lebanon and University of Lille, respectively., Université Catholique de Lille - Faculté de gestion, économie et sciences (FGES), Institut Catholique de Lille (ICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), and Viscogliosi, Eric

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Intestinal parasite, Biology, intestinal parasites, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, molecular epidemiology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hygiene, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Epidemiology, medicine, risk factors, North Lebanon, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Risk factor, education, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Blastocystis sp, media_common, education.field_of_study, Molecular epidemiology, Transmission (medicine), internal tented settlements, transmission, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, SSU rDNA subtyping, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Syrian refugees, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.symptom, real-time PCR, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Molecular data concerning the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. remain scarce in the Middle East. Accordingly, we performed the first molecular epidemiological survey ever conducted in the Syrian population. A total of 306 stool samples were collected from Syrian refugees living in 26 informal tented settlements (ITS) subjected or not to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in North Lebanon, then screened for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by subtyping. The overall prevalence of the parasite was shown to reach 63.7%. Blastocystis sp. colonization was not significantly associated with gender, age, symptomatic status, abdominal pain or diarrhea. In contrast, WASH intervention status of ITS was identified as a risk factor for infection. Among a total of 164 subtyped isolates, ST3 was predominant, followed by ST1, ST2, and ST10. No particular ST was reported to be associated with age, gender, symptomatic status, digestive disorders, or WASH intervention status of ITS. Intra-ST diversity of ST1 to ST3 was low suggesting large-scale anthroponotic transmission. Moreover, comparative analysis of ST1 to ST3 genotypes revealed that the circulation of the parasite between Syrian refugees and the host population was likely limited.

Published
2021
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2. Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Senegalese School Children

Author

Magali Chabé, Eric Viscogliosi, Amadou Tidjani Ly, Ellena Dautel, Romane Dejager, Seynabou Ndiaye, Nausicaa Gantois, Gilles Riveau, Martha Baydoun, Simon Senghor, Salma Khaled, Anne-Marie Schacht, Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste, Manasi Sawant, Gabriela Certad, Gaël Even, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Espoir pour la santé (EPLS) (Centre de Recherche Biomédicale), Gènes Diffusion [Douai], Plateforme d'expertises génomiques appliquées aux sciences expérimentales [Lille] (PEGASE-Biosciences), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Catholique de Lille (ICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Ministry of Health - Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale [Dakar] (MSAS), Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), This study was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, the Institut Pasteur of Lille, the University of Lille, the University Catholic of Lille, the CHRU of Lille and the Biomedical Research Center Espoir pour––la Santé. SK and MS were supported by PhD fellowships from the AZM & Saade Association of Lebanon and University of Lille, respectively., Viscogliosi, Eric, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action sociale (Sénégal) (MSAS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Veterinary medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, subtyping, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Distribution (economics), Biology, intestinal parasites, Microbiology, molecular epidemiology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, real-time quantitative PCR, SSU rDNA sequence, Virology, Genotype, Epidemiology, medicine, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Polymerase chain reaction, Blastocystis sp, Molecular epidemiology, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Zoonosis, transmission, zoonosis, medicine.disease, Subtyping, Senegal, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Africa, business
Abstract

Blastocystis sp. is an enteric protozoan that frequently colonizes humans and many animals. Despite impacting on human health, data on the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis sp. remain sparse in Africa. Accordingly, we performed the first multicenter and largest epidemiological survey ever conducted on Blastocystis sp. for this continent. A total of 731 stool samples collected from healthy school children living in 10 villages of the northwestern region of Senegal were tested for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by subtyping of positive samples. Considerable variation in prevalence between villages (51.7 to 100%) was evident with the overall prevalence being 80.4%. Mixed infections were identified in 23% of positive individuals. Among 453 school children with a single infection, ST2 was predominant, followed by ST1, ST3, ST7, ST10, and ST14, this is the first report of ST10 and ST14 in humans. Genetic polymorphisms were evident at the intra-ST level with the identification of numerous ST1 to ST3 genotypes. ST1 showed the greatest intra-ST diversity followed by ST2 and ST3. The prevalence and distribution of STs and genotypes varied among target villages, pointing to several potential infection sources, including human-to-human, zoonotic, and waterborne transmission.

Published
2020
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3. First report on the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in dairy cattle in Lebanon and assessment of zoonotic transmission

Author

Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste, Dima El Safadi, Eric Viscogliosi, Nausicaa Gantois, Martha Baydoun, Stéphanie Greige, Monzer Hamze, Magali Chabé, Marianne Chemaly, Gabriela Certad, Marwan Osman, Salma Khaled, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Université Libanaise, Laboratoire de Ploufragan - Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université Catholique de Lille - Faculté de Médecine, Maïeutique, Sciences de la santé (FMMS), Institut Catholique de Lille (ICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), This work was supported by grants from the Programme Orientations Stratégiques of the University of Lille 2, the Partenariat Hubert Curien (PHC) France Lebanon CEDRE 2015 Project n°32684NM from the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et du Développement International and the Ministère de l’Éducation Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institut Pasteur of Lille, the Lebanese University and the Catholic University of Lille. S.G. and S.K. were supported by Ph.D. fellowships from the Azm & Saade Association of Lebanon., The authors would like to thank all those who participated in the study, the staff of Hamidi Medical Centre in Tripoli, breeders for their assistance in sample collection and processing, and veterinary doctor Rabah Outour., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Université catholique de Lille - Faculté de médecine et de maïeutique (UCL FMM)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, MESH: Blastocystis/genetics, MESH: Zoonoses/transmission, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blastocystis Infections, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Blastocystis Infections/parasitology, MESH: Blastocystis Infections/transmission, Feces, Zoonosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Zoonoses, MESH: Feces/parasitology, Prevalence, Parasite hosting, MESH: Blastocystis/isolation & purification, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, Lebanon, MESH: Zoonoses/parasitology, MESH: Aged, education.field_of_study, Farmers, MESH: Middle Aged, Transmission (medicine), MESH: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Middle Aged, 030108 mycology & parasitology, 3. Good health, Dairying, MESH: Cattle, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Young Adult, Molecular epidemiology, Female, Livestock, MESH: Lebanon/epidemiology, Adult, Intestinal parasite, MESH: Livestock/parasitology, Veterinary (miscellaneous), MESH: Farmers, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Transmission, Dairy cattle, education, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Genetic Variation, Blastocystis sp, MESH: Dairying, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Blastocystis Infections/veterinary, Insect Science, Blastocystis, Cattle, Parasitology, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Blastocystis sp. is frequently identified in a wide range of animal hosts, including bovids. Because of its burden and zoonotic potential, this parasite has been sought in domestic cattle from various countries, since this livestock may also represent a possible reservoir of human infection. However, epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and ST distribution of Blastocystis sp. in this animal group is lacking in Lebanon. Therefore, faecal samples were collected from a total of 254 dairy cattle raised on 55 farms located in the North Lebanon region and screened for the presence of the parasite by quantitative real-time PCR. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was shown to reach 63.4% in cattle livestock. Sequence analysis of positive samples indicated the presence of seven STs, with predominance of ST10 (44.0%) and ST14 (36.8%) and lower proportions of ST2 (8.0%), ST1 (7.2%), ST5 (2.4%), ST3 and ST7 (0.8% each). This survey was the first conducted worldwide reporting ST2 and ST7 in domestic cattle and confirmed that ST10 and ST14 represent cattle-adapted STs in view of their high prevalence. Faecal samples from in-contact dairy farmers and patients hospitalised in the same Lebanese gov-ernorate who reported no contact with cattle livestock were also analysed for the presence of Blastocystis sp. The same three STs were identified in both human cohorts, with predominance of ST3, followed either by ST1 or ST2 depending of the group. No other STs, including ST10 or ST14, have been reported. Moreover, even though ST1, ST2 and ST3 were found to be common to dairy cattle and farmers cohorts, only one ST3 isolate showed 100% sequence identity between both hosts. Consequently, the presence and low prevalence of ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5 and ST7 identified herein in domestic cattle, most of which exhibit low host specificity, could be derived from occasional direct exposure to faecal material from human and non-human hosts or by ingestion of contaminated drinking water or food in the enclosure of the farms. Together with the absence of ST10 and ST14 in the human population, these data suggest that cattle play a negligible role as zoonotic reservoirs of Blastocystis sp.

Published
2019
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