1. Current knowledge on biomarkers for contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis
- Author
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Tove Agner, K.A. Engebretsen, Richard Brans, Hermann-Josef Thierse, Teresa Løvold Berents, Holm Jo, Ružica Jurakić-Tončic, Jacob P. Thyssen, Sonja Molin, Maja-Lisa Clausen, Sanja Kezic, Sari Suomela, Ivone Jakasa, Johanna M. Brandner, Stefan F. Martin, Irena Angelova-Fischer, Denis Khnykin, Swen M. John, Sjors A. Koppes, and Edith Hummler
- Subjects
Genetic Markers ,Proteomics ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunoproteins ,Population ,Antimicrobial peptides ,Bioengineering ,allergic contact dermatitis ,biomarkers ,contact allergy ,contact sensitization ,Dermatology ,Clinical manifestation ,Immunoproteomics ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Alarmins ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,education ,Allergic contact dermatitis ,Contact sensitization ,education.field_of_study ,Alarmins/analysis ,Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/analysis ,Biomarkers/analysis ,Cytokines/analysis ,Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis ,Epidermis/chemistry ,Immunoproteins/analysis ,Peptide Hydrolases/analysis ,business.industry ,Atopic dermatitis ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Contact allergy ,Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ,Immunology ,Cytokines ,Epidermis ,business ,Biomarkers ,Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ,Peptide Hydrolases - Abstract
Contact sensitization is common and affects up to 20% of the general population. The clinical manifestation of contact sensitization is allergic contact dermatitis. This is a clinical expression that is sometimes difficult to distinguish from other types of dermatitis, for example irritant and atopic dermatitis. Several studies have examined the pathogenesis and severity of allergic contact dermatitis by measuring the absence or presence of various biomarkers. In this review, we provide a non-systematic overview of biomarkers that have been studied in allergic contact dermatitis. These include genetic variations and mutations, inflammatory mediators, alarmins, proteases, immunoproteomics, lipids, natural moisturizing factors, tight junctions, and antimicrobial peptides. We conclude that, despite the enormous amount of data, convincing specific biomarkers for allergic contact dermatitis are yet to be described.
- Published
- 2017