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The study investigated the cortical activity changes and time production task performance induced by changes in motion speed of a non-immersive 3D virtual stimulus.Twenty-one individuals were participated in the crossover study with the visual-time reproduction task under three-speed conditions: original, slow and fast virtual stimulus. In addition, the electroencephalographic analysis of the theta band power in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was done simultaneously with time production task execution.The results demonstrated that in the slow speed condition, there is an increase in the error in the time production task after virtual reality (We propose that the modulations of speed of virtual stimulus may underlie the accumulation of temporal pulses, which could be responsible for changes in the performance of the production task of the time intervals and a substantial increase in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity related to attention and memory, acting in cognitive domains of supraseconds. more...

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a cutaneous or subcutaneous mycoses. The trauma occurs when the fungus is installed and is more prevalent in individuals living in tropical and subtropical regions, with earliest descriptions dating back to 1920. The diagnosis of CBM is based on the incidence of cases in the endemic areas and is commonly reached through microbiological analyses to identify the etiologic agent in clinical samples. The process for the analysis of the collected samples allows one to visualise the muriform cells, which are brown, rounded structures having crossed chambers and that can be commonly called sclerotic bodies, characterising the positive diagnosis. The objective of this review was to verify the connection of the histopathological techniques to the diagnosis of CBM. La cromoblastomicosis (CBM) es una micosis cutánea o subcutánea. El trauma ocurre cuando el hongo se establece y es más prevalente en individuos que viven en regiones tropicales y subtropicales; las primeras descripciones datan de 1920. El diagnóstico de CBM se basa en la incidencia de casos en áreas endémicas y comúnmente se logra a través de medios microbiológicos. análisis para identificar el agente etiológico en muestras clínicas. El proceso de análisis de las muestras recolectadas permite visualizar las células muriformes, que son estructuras marrones, redondeadas, con cámaras cruzadas y que comúnmente pueden denominarse cuerpos escleróticos, caracterizando el diagnóstico positivo. El propósito de esta revisión fue verificar la conexión entre las técnicas histopatológicas y el diagnóstico de CBM. A cromoblastomicose (CBM) é uma micose cutânea ou subcutânea. O trauma ocorre quando o fungo se instala e é mais prevalente em indivíduos que vivem em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, com as primeiras descrições datando de 1920. O diagnóstico de CBM é baseado na incidência de casos em áreas endêmicas e é comumente alcançado por meio microbiológico análises para identificar o agente etiológico em amostras clínicas. O processo de análise das amostras coletadas permite visualizar as células muriformes, que são estruturas castanhas, arredondadas, com câmaras cruzadas e que podem ser comumente chamadas de corpos escleróticos, caracterizando o diagnóstico positivo. O objetivo desta revisão foi verificar a conexão das técnicas histopatológicas com o diagnóstico de CBM. more...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a non-invasive method for enhanced motor and cognitive abilities. However, no previous study has investigated if the tDCS application in unskilled shooters on cortical sites, selected based on the cortical activity of skilled shooters, improves the accuracy and shot grouping. Sixty participants were selected, which included 10 skilled shooters and 50 unskilled shooters. After we identified the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as the area with the highest activity in skilled shooters, we applied anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC in the unskilled shooters under two conditions: sham-tDCS (placebo) and real-tDCS (anodal tDCS). We also analyzed electroencephalography. Our results indicated that anodal tDCS application enhanced the shot accuracy (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the beta power in the EEG recording was higher in the left DLPFC, left and right parietal cortex (p = 0,001) after applying anodal tDCS, while the low-gamma power was higher in the right DLPFC in sham-tDCS (p = 0.001) and right parietal cortex after anodal-tDCS (p = 0.001). Our findings indicate that anodal tDCS can improve accuracy and shot grouping when applied over the unskilled shooters' right DLPFC. Furthermore, beta and low-gamma bands are influenced by anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC, which may be predictive of skill improvement. more...