1. Effect of pranayama on anxiety and pain among patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A non-randomized controlled trial
- Author
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N. Ravishankar, Jyothi Ramesh, Sreelekha Bhaskara Kurup, and Ramesh Chandrababu
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Epidemiology ,Visual analogue scale ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Repeated measures design ,Cardiac surgery ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Randomized controlled trial ,Breathing exercises ,Sample size determination ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Major cardiac surgery could be physically and mentally stressful. Anxiety and pain are commonly experienced by patients while undergoing cardiac surgery. Yoga is recognized as the most beneficial complementary and alternative therapy. Objective To assess the effect of alternate nostril breathing exercises (pranayama) on anxiety and pain among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods A non-randomized controlled trial was adopted as study design and involved 48 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The experimental group (n = 24) received pranayama study intervention while the control group (n = 24) received routine care of the hospital. Outcomes were state anxiety and pain, measured with the state anxiety inventory and a visual analogue scale respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the effect of the intervention. Results Study results showed that patients in the experimental group experienced a significant decrease in anxiety (p Conclusion These findings support the use of pranayama for decreasing anxiety among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, there is a need for randomized controlled trials with higher sample size to confirm this results. Future trials also should focus on the estimation of relevant biomarkers such as endorphins to understand the scientific rationale.
- Published
- 2019