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1. Familial Hypercholesterolemia Identification Algorithm in Patients with Acute Cardiovascular Events in A Large Hospital Electronic Database in Bulgaria: A Call for Implementation

Author

Reneta Petkova, Veselin Istatkov, Ivo Petrov, Dobrin Vasilev, Dimiter Mutafchiev, Arman Postadzhiyan, Fedya Nikolov, Boyang Zhao, Ruslan Kasabov, and Mariya P. Tokmakova

Subjects
Adult, 030213 general clinical medicine, Familial hypercholesterolemia, CVD (coronary, peripheral, and cerebral (arterial) disease), Disease, Coronary artery disease, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Health care, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Peripheral artery disease (PAD), Bulgaria, Original Research, Dutch lipid network criteria (DNLC), business.industry, Medical record, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Health care resource utilization (HRU), Hospitals, Coronary artery disease (CAD), Dyslipidemia, Electronic hospital database (EMR), Cardiovascular Diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Ambulatory, Electronics, business, Algorithm, Algorithms
Abstract

Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by a high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and is an important cause for premature cardiovascular disease. Because of underdiagnoses, an acute event is often the first clinical manifestation of FH. There are limited data on the prevalence and treatment of FH among adults admitted for treatment of acute cardiovascular events in Bulgaria. Our objective was to assess the proportion and management of FH patients from those admitted to hospital for treatment of acute symptomatic acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (ASCVD), the achievement of LDL-C targets of European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society guidelines and related public healthcare resources. Objective Digitalized healthcare records for patients admitted for treatment of symptomatic ASCVD acute events between August 2018 and August 2019 were used for the analysis. Five cardiology hospitals provided data for hospitalizations, laboratory tests, and ambulatory follow-ups up to February 2020. Patients’ hospital and ambulatory records were linked, and medical histories were extracted via a specifically developed algorithm, and analyzed. Outcomes included the proportion of patients classified as FH as defined by the Dutch Lipid Network Criteria (DLNC), use of lipid-lowering therapy, LDL-C achieved by 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-index event, and public resources spent on hospital and ambulatory treatment. Results We reviewed 11,090 hospital records of patients admitted for treatment of acute events in the period August 2018–August 2019 with ICD codes for ASCVD (Supplementary Table S3). FH was identified in 731 (6.6%) patients, with DLNC score ≥ 3, (682 with coronary artery disease, 32 with cerebrovascular disease, and 17 with peripheral artery disease). We did not find the criteria for FH in 5797 patients. The remaining 4562 records were inconclusive due to lack of data in the hospital dossier. Less than half of FH patients (274/731, 37%) were discharged on high-intensity statin therapy prescribed (34/731, 5%) with combination therapy. The vast majority (96.2% with LDL-C ≥ 1.8 mmol/l) had poorly controlled LDL-C during the first year after discharge. Patients with a probable/definite DLNC score ≥ 6 points and those with recurrent events contributed to the higher cost paid both by the healthcare system and the patients themselves. Conclusion These findings reinforce the need for more aggressive lipid-lowering therapy, and underline the efficiency of using an electronic medical records search tool to support physicians in improving early FH diagnosis, aiming to minimize residual and future ASCVD events among FH patients and their family members. Supplementary file1 (MP4 21838 KB) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-020-01608-3.

Published
2021

2. Impact of nutraceuticals on markers of systemic inflammation: Potential relevance to cardiovascular diseases - A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)

Author

Massimiliano Ruscica, Peter E. Penson, Nicola Ferri, Cesare R. Sirtori, Matteo Pirro, G.B. John Mancini, Naveed Sattar, Peter P. Toth, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Carl J. Lavie, Nathan D. Wong, Maciej Banach, Julio Acosta, Mutaz Al-Khnifsawi, Fahad Alnouri, Fahma Amar, Atanas G. Atanasov, Gani Bajraktari, Sonu Bhaskar, Bojko Bjelakovic, Eric Bruckert, Richard Ceska, Arrigo F.G. Cicero, Xavier Collet, Olivier Descamps, Dragan Djuric, Ronen Durst, Marat V. Ezhov, Zlatko Fras, Dan Gaita, Adrian V. Hernandez, Steven R. Jones, Jacek Jozwiak, Nona Kakauridze, Amani Kallel, Niki Katsiki, Amit Khera, Karam Kostner, Raimondas Kubilius, Gustavs Latkovskis, A. David Marais, Seth S. Martin, Julio Acosta Martinez, Mohsen Mazidi, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Andre R. Miserez, Olena Mitchenko, Natalya P. Mitkovskaya, Patrick M. Moriarty, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Devaki Nair, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, György Paragh, Daniel Pella, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Arman Postadzhiyan, Raman Puri, Ashraf Reda, Željko Reiner, Dina Radenkovic, Michał Rakowski, Jemaa Riadh, Dimitri Richter, Manfredi Rizzo, Maria-Corina Serban, Abdulla M.A. Shehab, Aleksandr B. Shek, Claudia Stefanutti, Tomasz Tomasik, Margus Viigimaa, Pedro Valdivielso, Dragos Vinereanu, Branislav Vohnout, Stephan von Haehling, Michal Vrablik, Hung-I Yeh, Jiang Zhisheng, Andreas Zirlik, Ruscica M, Penson PE, Ferri N, Sirtori CR, Pirro M, Mancini GBJ, Sattar N, Toth PP, Sahebkar A, Lavie CJ, Wong ND, Banach M, International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) and International Lipid Expert Panel Experts, Cicero AFG, Ruscica M., Penson P.E., Ferri N., Sirtori C.R., Pirro M., Mancini G.B.J., Sattar N., Toth P.P., Sahebkar A., Lavie C.J., Wong N.D., Banach M., Acosta J., Al-Khnifsawi M., Alnouri F., Amar F., Atanasov A.G., Bajraktari G., Bhaskar S., Bjelakovic B., Bruckert E., Ceska R., Cicero A.F.G., Collet X., Descamps O., Djuric D., Durst R., Ezhov M.V., Fras Z., Gaita D., Hernandez A.V., Jones S.R., Jozwiak J., Kakauridze N., Kallel A., Katsiki N., Khera A., Kostner K., Kubilius R., Latkovskis G., Marais A.D., Martin S.S., Martinez J.A., Mazidi M., Mikhailidis D.P., Mirrakhimov E., Miserez A.R., Mitchenko O., Mitkovskaya N.P., Moriarty P.M., Nabavi S.M., Nair D., Panagiotakos D.B., Paragh G., Pella D., Petrulioniene Z., Postadzhiyan A., Puri R., Reda A., Reiner Z., Radenkovic D., Rakowski M., Riadh J., Richter D., Rizzo M., Serban M.-C., Shehab A.M.A., Shek A.B., Stefanutti C., Tomasik T., Viigimaa M., Valdivielso P., Vinereanu D., Vohnout B., von Haehling S., Vrablik M., Yeh H.-I., Zhisheng J., Zirlik A., and UCL - (SLuc) Service de pathologie cardiovasculaire

Subjects
RM, Arterial disease, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Inflammation, Disease, C-reactive protein, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, nutraceuticals, omega-3, position paper, red-yeast rice, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bioinformatics, Systemic inflammation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nutraceutical, Medicine, Humans, Position paper, 030212 general & internal medicine, Uncategorized, Omega-3, biology, Cardiovascular disease, Nutraceuticals, Red-yeast rice, Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Lipids, Dietary Supplements, Vascular inflammation, business.industry, C-reactive protein, Cardiovascular disease, Inflammation, Nutraceuticals, Omega-3, Position paper, Red-yeast rice, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Biomarkers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Lipids, Dietary Supplements, biology.protein, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Inflammation is a marker of arterial disease stemming from cholesterol-dependent to -independent molecular mechanisms. In recent years, the role of inflammation in atherogenesis has been underpinned by pharmacological approaches targeting systemic inflammation that have led to a significant reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although the use of nutraceuticals to prevent CVD has largely focused on lipid-lowering (e.g, red-yeast rice and omega-3 fatty acids), there is growing interest and need, especially now in the time of coronavirus pandemic, in the use of nutraceuticals to reduce inflammatory markers, and potentially the inflammatory CVD burden, however, there is still not enough evidence to confirm this. Indeed, diet is an important lifestyle determinant of health and can influence both systemic and vascular inflammation, to varying extents, according to the individual nutraceutical constituents. Thus, the aim of this Position Paper is to provide the first attempt at recommendations on the use of nutraceuticals with effective anti-inflammatory properties.

Published
2021

3. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Cicero A. F. G., Fogacci F., Hernandez A. V., Banach M., Alnouri F., Amar F., Atanasov A. G., Bajraktari G., Bartlomiejczyk M. A., Bjelakovic B., Bruckert E., Bielecka-Dabrowa A., Cafferata A., Ceska R., Collet X., Descamps O., Devaki N., Djuric D., Durst R., Ezhov M. V., Fras Z., Gaita D., von Haehling S., Jones S. R., Jozwiak J., Kakauridze N., Katsiki N., Khera A., Kostner K., Kubilius R., Latkovskis G., Mancini G. B. J., Marais A. D., Martin S. S., Martinez J. A., Mazidi M., Mikhailidis D. P., Mirrakhimov E., Miserez A. R., Mitchenko O., Moriarty P., Nabavi S. M., Panagiotakos D. B., Paragh G., Pella D., Penson P. E., Petrulioniene Z., Pirro M., Postadzhiyan A., Puri R., Reda A., Reiner Z., Riadh J., Richter D., Rizzo M., Ruscica M., Sahebkar A., Sattar N., Serban M. C., Shehab A. M. A., Shek A. B., Sirtori C. R., Stefanutti C., Tomasik T., Toth P. P., Viigimaa M., Vinereanu D., Vohnout B., Vrablik M., Wong N. D., Yeh H. I., Zhisheng J., Zirlik A., Cicero A.F.G., Fogacci F., Hernandez A.V., Banach M., Alnouri F., Amar F., Atanasov A.G., Bajraktari G., Bartlomiejczyk M.A., Bjelakovic B., Bruckert E., Bielecka-Dabrowa A., Cafferata A., Ceska R., Collet X., Descamps O., Devaki N., Djuric D., Durst R., Ezhov M.V., Fras Z., Gaita D., von Haehling S., Jones S.R., Jozwiak J., Kakauridze N., Katsiki N., Khera A., Kostner K., Kubilius R., Latkovskis G., Mancini G.B.J., Marais A.D., Martin S.S., Martinez J.A., Mazidi M., Mikhailidis D.P., Mirrakhimov E., Miserez A.R., Mitchenko O., Moriarty P., Nabavi S.M., Panagiotakos D.B., Paragh G., Pella D., Penson P.E., Petrulioniene Z., Pirro M., Postadzhiyan A., Puri R., Reda A., Reiner Z., Riadh J., Richter D., Rizzo M., Ruscica M., Sahebkar A., Sattar N., Serban M.C., Shehab A.M.A., Shek A.B., Sirtori C.R., Stefanutti C., Tomasik T., Toth P.P., Viigimaa M., Vinereanu D., Vohnout B., Vrablik M., Wong N.D., Yeh H.I., Zhisheng J., Zirlik A., Wierzbicki, Anthony, Penson, P, and Cicero AF, Fogacci F, Hernandez AV, Banach M

Subjects
Apolipoprotein B, Publication Ethics, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiovascular, Gastroenterology, Lipoprotein particle, Medical and Health Sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Anticholesteremic Agents, Apolipoproteins B, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, LDL, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Dicarboxylic Acids, Fatty Acids, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Peptide Fragments, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group and the International Lipid Expert Panel, Medicine and Health Sciences, Dicarboxylic Acids, 030212 general & internal medicine, Database Searching, Research Integrity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Anticholesteremic Agents, Statistics, Fatty Acids, Drugs, General Medicine, Metaanalysis, Serious Mental Illness, Lipids, Phase III as Topic, Mental Health, Cholesterol, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, RM, Science Policy, Lipoproteins, Hypercholesterolemia, Bempedoic acid, hypercholesterolemia, lipid profile, hsCRP, Research and Analysis Methods, LDL, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Internal medicine, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Clinical Trials, Statistical Methods, Apolipoproteins B, Pharmacology, Plasma Proteins, business.industry, Phase II as Topic, Statins, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Odds ratio, Cholesterol, LDL, Confidence interval, Peptide Fragments, chemistry, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, biology.protein, Uric acid, Creatine kinase, Lipid profile, business, Digestive Diseases, Mathematics
Abstract

Background Bempedoic acid is a first-in-class lipid-lowering drug recommended by guidelines for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Our objective was to estimate its average effect on plasma lipids in humans and its safety profile. Methods and findings We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase II and III randomized controlled trials on bempedoic acid (PROSPERO: CRD42019129687). PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched, with no language restriction, from inception to 5 August 2019. We included 10 RCTs (n = 3,788) comprising 26 arms (active arm [n = 2,460]; control arm [n = 1,328]). Effect sizes for changes in lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) serum concentration were expressed as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For safety analyses, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel method. Bempedoic acid significantly reduced total cholesterol (MD −14.94%; 95% CI −17.31%, −12.57%; p < 0.001), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD −18.17%; 95% CI −21.14%, −15.19%; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD −22.94%; 95% CI −26.63%, −19.25%; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein particle number (MD −20.67%; 95% CI −23.84%, −17.48%; p < 0.001), apolipoprotein B (MD −15.18%; 95% CI −17.41%, −12.95%; p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD −5.83%; 95% CI −6.14%, −5.52%; p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein particle number (MD −3.21%; 95% CI −6.40%, −0.02%; p = 0.049), and hsCRP (MD −27.03%; 95% CI −31.42%, −22.64%; p < 0.001). Bempedoic acid did not significantly modify triglyceride level (MD −1.51%; 95% CI −3.75%, 0.74%; p = 0.189), very-low-density lipoprotein particle number (MD 3.79%; 95% CI −9.81%, 17.39%; p = 0.585), and apolipoprotein A-1 (MD −1.83%; 95% CI −5.23%, 1.56%; p = 0.290). Treatment with bempedoic acid was positively associated with an increased risk of discontinuation of treatment (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.06, 1.76; p = 0.015), elevated serum uric acid (OR 3.55; 95% CI 1.03, 12.27; p = 0.045), elevated liver enzymes (OR 4.28; 95% CI 1.34, 13.71; p = 0.014), and elevated creatine kinase (OR 3.79; 95% CI 1.06, 13.51; p = 0.04), though it was strongly associated with a decreased risk of new onset or worsening diabetes (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39, 0.90; p = 0.01). The main limitation of this meta-analysis is related to the relatively small number of individuals involved in the studies, which were often short or middle term in length. Conclusions Our results show that bempedoic acid has favorable effects on lipid profile and hsCRP levels and an acceptable safety profile. Further well-designed studies are needed to explore its longer-term safety., Maciej Banach and colleagues discuss the efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid, a drug that designed to lower LDL-C levels., Author summary Why was this study done? Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is effective for reducing cardiovascular events over time. A number of phase II and phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are already available showing encouraging results of bempedoic acid treatment on LDL-C. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the clinical evidence available to date to better define the efficacy and tolerability profile of treatment with bempedoic acid. What did the researchers do and find? In this analysis of bempedoic acid that included 10 randomized clinical trials (n = 3,788 patients) comprising 26 arms (active arm [n = 2,460]; control arm [n = 1,328]), we confirmed that bempedoic acid significantly reduced total cholesterol (by 15%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 18.2%), LDL-C (by 22.9%), low-density lipoprotein particle number (by 20.7%), apolipoprotein B (by 15.2%), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (by 27%), while negatively affecting serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−5.8%) and high-density lipoprotein particle number (−3.2%). Our results also confirmed that the therapy is overall safe and well tolerated, with no significant increase of serious adverse effects. What do these findings mean? The current meta-analysis demonstrates the multiple positive effects of bempedoic acid on lipid profile and hsCRP serum levels, as well as acceptable safety profile. This could be relevant in a setting where statin intolerance is very frequent and the LDL-C target suggested by international guidelines for dyslipidemia management is hard to achieve with standard therapies. An ongoing long-term cardiovascular outcomes trial will answer questions on the effect of bempedoic acid on cardiovascular events and mortality as well as on the drug’s safety issues.

Published
2020

4. May Measurement Month 2019: The Global Blood Pressure Screening Campaign of the International Society of Hypertension

Author

Beaney, Thomas, Schutte, Aletta E, Stergiou, George S, Borghi, Claudio, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Diaz, Alejandro, Damasceno, Albertino, Espeche, Walter, Jose, Arun Pulikkottil, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Maheshwari, Anuj, Marin, Marcos J, More, Arun, Neupane, Dinesh, Nilsson, Peter, Patil, Mansi, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Rodriguez, Pablo, Schlaich, Markus, Steckelings, Ulrike M, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Unger, Thomas, Wainford, Richard, Wang, Jiguang, Williams, Bryan, Poulter, Neil R, Michael H Olsen, Kristin T West-Gustave, Phillip D Levy, Vivian W. Y. Lee, Kenneth L Connell, Naima N. H. Hammoudi, Pascal Bovet, Bharathi Viswanathan, Sabine Perl, Bernard K Kramer, Adrian J. B. Brady, Olulola O Oladapo, Jephat Chifamba, Dejuma Y Goshu, Desalew M Kassie, Sintayehu A Gebru, Toure A Ibrahim, Soumana Kabirou, Elham Tavassoli, Mahsa Zolfaghari, Vahideh Yavari, Larysa Mishchenko, Olena Matova, Tetiana Kolenyk, Liliiya Zelenenka, Sergiy Fedorov, Maria Dorobantu, Alexandra Paval, Jesse Bittman, Biri Mangat, Sarah Melville, Alexander Leung, Neusa Jessen, Eamon Dolan, Hiroshi N. A. Itoh, Atul Pathak, Tine L. M. De Backer, Arman S Postadzhiyan, Osiris V Valoy-Tiburcio, Angel R Gonzalez-Medina, Laura G Valdez-Valoy, Fernando S Wyss, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Sunil K Nadar, Ana I Barrientos, Chukwuemeka R Nwokocha, Magdalene I Nwokocha, Dean Picone, Jun Yang, Yook C Chia, Siew M Ching, Bertrand F Ellenga Mbolla, Christian M Kouala Landa, Corine Y Houehanou, Kolawole W Wahab, Ayodele B Omotoso, Jose Ortellado, Graciela Gonzales, Luis M Ruilope, Enrique Rodilla, Ana Molinero, Angela J Woodiwiss, Ane Orchard, Ruan Kruger, Jana Brguljan, Nina Bozic, Aleksandra O Konradi, Oxana P Rotar, Irian Chazova, Tiny K Masupe, John T Tlhakanelo, Keneilwe Motlhatlhedi, George Stergiou, Michalis Doumas, Pantelis Zebekakis, Francesco P Cappuccio, Carolina Barciela, Tricia Tay, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Khulan Tuvdendarjaa, Khatantuul Boldbaatar, Fernando T Lanas, Melanie Paccot, Mohammed Ishaq, Saulat Sidique, Feroz Memon, Robert N Najem, Ali K Abu Alfa, Samir M. J. Mallat, Jacek J Jozwiak, Maciej Banach, Piotr Janowski, Betty Twumasi-Ankrah, Gustavus A Myers-Hansen, Elliot K Tannor, Marisa F Neto, Sudhirsen Kowlessur, Bhooshun Ori, Jaysing Heecharan, Hatem A Fageh, Hawa A Derbi, Omara M Msalam, Fastone M Goma, Charity Syatalimi, Penias Jr Tembo, Musawa Mukupa, Henry L Ndhlovu, Maureen L Chirwa, Mary M Mbeba, Parounak H Zelveian, Zoya N Hakobyan, Svetlana Gourgenyan, Myeong-Chan Cho, Hae-Young Lee, Jinho Shin, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Claudio Ferri, Bezhan Tsinamdzgvrishvili, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Dali Trapaidze, Eduardo C. D. Barbosa, Weimar S Barroso, Audes M Feitosa, Vanda M Azevedo, Luis A Dias, Glenda N Garcia, Isaulina Delgado, Genc Burazeri, Gentiana Qirjako, Alban Ylli, Rudina Cumashi, Antonieta P Costantini-Olmos, Igor Morr, Elias Chuki, Tzung-Dau Wang, Wen-Jone Chen, Hung-Ju Lin, Fazila-Tun-Nesa Malik, Sohel R Choudhury, Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Mir Ishraquzzaman, Ghadeer S Aljuraiban, Fatima Y Al Slail, Shatha K Aldhwailea, Ann A Badawi, Nguyen L Viet, Hoang A Tien, Nguyen T. A. Dong, Cao T Sinh, Huynh V Minh, Tran K Son, Fortunat K Katamba, Nathan B Buila, Anastase Dzudie, Samuel Kingue, Njume Epie, Armel Njomou, Marie S Ndom, Afzalhussein M Yusufali, Nooshin M Bazargani, Buthaina A. Bin Belaila, Amrish Agrawal, Aisha M Suhail, Elijah N Ogola, Bernard M Gitura, Lilian Mbau, Hellen K Nguchu, Felix A Barasa, Enrique Gomez, Luis A Alcocer, Martin Rosas, Silvia Palomo, Alfredo J Estrada, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez-Vallejo, Maria E Casanova, Edgar Arcos, Gustavo Aroca, Bhagawan Koirala, Harikrishna Bhattarai, Ghanashyam Pandey, Surya Devkota, Sweta Koirala, Kamal Ranabhat, Pratik Khanal, Tara B Adhikari, Dolores D Bonzon, Deborah Ignacia D Ona, Leilani M Asis, Benjamin A Balmores Jr, Rafael C Castillo, Diego J Stisman, Walter G Espeche, Marcos J Marin, Irene L Ennis, Xin Chen, Hongyu Wang, Min Liu, Xinhua Yin, Xiaolong Wang, Sandeep Bhalla, Priyanka Gupta, Narsingh Verma, Bal K Gupta, Shehla Sheikh, Gregoire Wuerzner, Laura Garré, José Boggia, Dédonougbo M Houenassi, José A OctavioSeijas, Jean-René M'buyamba-Kabangu, Trésor M Tshiswaka, Dénes Páll, Zoltán Járai, Rafael Hernández, Fortunato Garcia Vásquez, Jesús A Lopez-Rivera, Monica L Gúzman-Franolic, Savarino Victoria Pereira, Mário J Fernandes, Maria S Garcia, Teresa Gijon, Vitoria V. B. Meira Da Cunha, Beaney T, Schutte AE, Stergiou GS, Borghi C, Burger D, Charchar F, Cro S, Diaz A, Damasceno A, Espeche W, Jose AP, Khan N, Kokubo Y, Maheshwari A, Marin MJ, More A, Neupane D, Nilsson P, Patil M, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez A, Rodriguez P, Schlaich M, Steckelings UM, Tomaszewski M, Unger T, Wainford R, Wang J, Williams B, Poulter NR, Thomas, B, Aletta E, S, George S, S, Claudio, B, Dylan, B, Fadi, C, Suzie, C, Alejandro, D, Albertino, D, Walter, E, Arun Pulikkottil, J, Nadia, K, Yoshihiro, K, Anuj, M, Marcos J, M, Arun, M, Dinesh, N, Peter, N, Mansi, P, Dorairaj, P, Agustin, R, Pablo, R, Markus, S, Ulrike M, S, Maciej, T, Thomas, U, Richard, W, Jiguang, W, Bryan, W, Neil R, P, H Olsen, M, T West-Gustave, K, D Levy, P, Lee, V, L Connell, K, Hammoudi, N, Bovet, P, Viswanathan, B, Perl, S, K Kramer, B, Brady, A, O Oladapo, O, Chifamba, J, Y Goshu, D, M Kassie, D, A Gebru, S, A Ibrahim, T, Kabirou, S, Tavassoli, E, Zolfaghari, M, Yavari, V, Mishchenko, L, Matova, O, Kolenyk, T, Zelenenka, L, Fedorov, S, Dorobantu, M, Paval, A, Bittman, J, Mangat, B, Melville, S, Leung, A, Jessen, N, Dolan, E, Itoh, H, Pathak, A, De Backer, T, S Postadzhiyan, A, V Valoy-Tiburcio, O, R Gonzalez-Medina, A, G Valdez-Valoy, L, S Wyss, F, Mirrakhimov, E, K Nadar, S, I Barrientos, A, R Nwokocha, C, I Nwokocha, M, Picone, D, Yang, J, C Chia, Y, M Ching, S, F Ellenga Mbolla, B, M Kouala Landa, C, Y Houehanou, C, W Wahab, K, B Omotoso, A, Ortellado, J, Gonzales, G, M Ruilope, L, Rodilla, E, Molinero, A, J Woodiwiss, A, Orchard, A, Kruger, R, Brguljan, J, Bozic, N, O Konradi, A, P Rotar, O, Chazova, I, K Masupe, T, T Tlhakanelo, J, Motlhatlhedi, K, Stergiou, G, Doumas, M, Zebekakis, P, P Cappuccio, F, Barciela, C, Tay, T, Dashdorj, N, Tuvdendarjaa, K, Boldbaatar, K, T Lanas, F, Paccot, M, Ishaq, M, Sidique, S, Memon, F, N Najem, R, K Abu Alfa, A, Mallat, S, J Jozwiak, J, Banach, M, Janowski, P, Twumasi-Ankrah, B, A Myers-Hansen, G, K Tannor, E, F Neto, M, Kowlessur, S, Ori, B, Heecharan, J, A Fageh, H, A Derbi, H, M Msalam, O, M Goma, F, Syatalimi, C, Jr Tembo, P, Mukupa, M, L Ndhlovu, H, L Chirwa, M, M Mbeba, M, H Zelveian, P, N Hakobyan, Z, Gourgenyan, S, Cho, M, Lee, H, Shin, J, Parati, G, Grassi, G, Ferri, C, Tsinamdzgvrishvili, B, Gamkrelidze, A, Trapaidze, D, Barbosa, E, S Barroso, W, M Feitosa, A, M Azevedo, V, A Dias, L, N Garcia, G, Delgado, I, Burazeri, G, Qirjako, G, Ylli, A, Cumashi, R, P Costantini-Olmos, A, Morr, I, Chuki, E, Wang, T, Chen, W, Lin, H, Malik, F, R Choudhury, S, Abdullah Al Mamun, M, Ishraquzzaman, M, S Aljuraiban, G, Y Al Slail, F, K Aldhwailea, S, A Badawi, A, L Viet, N, A Tien, H, Dong, N, T Sinh, C, V Minh, H, K Son, T, K Katamba, F, B Buila, N, Dzudie, A, Kingue, S, Epie, N, Njomou, A, S Ndom, M, M Yusufali, A, M Bazargani, N, Bin Belaila, B, Agrawal, A, M Suhail, A, N Ogola, E, M Gitura, B, Mbau, L, K Nguchu, H, A Barasa, F, Gomez, E, A Alcocer, L, Rosas, M, Palomo, S, J Estrada, A, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Sanchez-Vallejo, G, E Casanova, M, Arcos, E, Aroca, G, Koirala, B, Bhattarai, H, Pandey, G, Devkota, S, Koirala, S, Ranabhat, K, Khanal, P, B Adhikari, T, D Bonzon, D, D Ona, D, M Asis, L, A Balmores Jr, B, C Castillo, R, J Stisman, D, G Espeche, W, J Marin, M, L Ennis, I, Chen, X, Wang, H, Liu, M, Yin, X, Wang, X, Bhalla, S, Gupta, P, Verma, N, K Gupta, B, Sheikh, S, Wuerzner, G, Garré, L, Boggia, J, M Houenassi, D, A OctavioSeijas, J, M'buyamba-Kabangu, J, M Tshiswaka, T, Páll, D, Járai, Z, Hernández, R, Garcia Vásquez, F, A Lopez-Rivera, J, L Gúzman-Franolic, M, Victoria Pereira, S, J Fernandes, M, S Garcia, M, Gijon, T, Meira Da Cunha, V, and RS: CARIM other

Subjects
Male, Population level, Comorbidity, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, adults, Medicine, Mass Screening, awareness, 030212 general & internal medicine, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Aged, 80 and over, Aspirin, treatment, adults, awareness, blood pressure, hypertension, risk factor, screening, treatment, blood pressure, Middle Aged, Lifestyle factors, risk factor, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, Adolescent, awarene, Opportunistic Sampling, Elevated blood, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal Medicine, Humans, Risk factor, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, screening, Blood Pressure Determination, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Mean blood pressure, Blood pressure, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Emergency medicine, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business, MMM Investigators
Abstract

Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults ({greater than or equal to}18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally three blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and co-morbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP {greater than or equal to} 140 mmHg, and/or a diastolic BP {greater than or equal to} 90 mmHg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1,508,130 screenees 482,273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513,337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to

Published
2020
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5. Erratum to '2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk' [Atherosclerosis 290 (2019) 140–205]

Author

Francois Mach, Colin Baigent, Alberico L. Catapano, Konstantinos C. Koskinas, Manuela Casula, Lina Badimon, M. John Chapman, Guy G. De Backer, Victoria Delgado, Brian A. Ference, Ian M. Graham, Alison Halliday, Ulf Landmesser, Borislava Mihaylova, Terje R. Pedersen, Gabriele Riccardi, Dimitrios J. Richter, Marc S. Sabatine, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale Tokgozoglu, Olov Wiklund, Djamaleddine Nibouche, Parounak H. Zelveian, Peter Siostrzonek, Ruslan Najafov, Philippe van de Borne, Belma Pojskic, Arman Postadzhiyan, Lambros Kypris, Jindřich Špinar, Mogens Lytken Larsen, Hesham Salah Eldin, Margus Viigimaa, Timo E. Strandberg, Jean Ferrieres, Rusudan Agladze, Ulrich Laufs, Loukianos Rallidis, Laszlo Bajnok, Thorbjorn Gudjonsson, Vincent Maher, Yaakov Henkin, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Aisulu Mussagaliyeva, Gani Bajraktari, Alina Kerimkulova, Gustavs Latkovskis, Omar Hamoui, Rimvydas Slapikas, Laurent Visser, Philip Dingli, Victoria Ivanov, Aneta Boskovic, Mbarek Nazzi, Frank Visseren, Irena Mitevska, Kjetil Retterstol, Piotr Jankowski, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho, Dan Gaita, Marat Ezhov, Marina Foscoli, Vojislav Giga, Daniel Pella, Zlatko Fras, Leopoldo Perez de Isla, Emil Hagstrom, Roger Lehmann, Leila Abid, Oner Ozdogan, Olena Mitchenko, Riyaz S. Patel, Stephan Windecker, Victor Aboyans, Jean-Philippe Collet, Veronica Dean, Donna Fitzsimons, Chris P. Gale, Diederick Grobbee, Sigrun Halvorsen, Gerhard Hindricks, Bernard Iung, Peter Juni, Hugo A. Katus, Christophe Leclercq, Maddalena Lettino, Basil S. Lewis, Bela Merkely, Christian Mueller, Steffen Petersen, Anna Sonia Petronio, Marco Roffi, Evgeny Shlyakhto, Iain A. Simpson, Miguel Sousa-Uva, and Rhian M. Touyz

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, Medicine, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lipid modification, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Bioinformatics, business
Published
2020
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6. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk

Author

Mach, François, Baigent, Colin, Catapano, Alberico L, Koskinas, Konstantinos C, Casula, Manuela, Badimon, Lina, Chapman, M John, De Backer, Guy G, Delgado, Victoria, Ference, Brian A, Graham, Ian M, Halliday, Alison, Landmesser, Ulf, Mihaylova, Borislava, Pedersen, Terje R, Riccardi, Gabriele, Richter, Dimitrios J, Sabatine, Marc S, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Tokgozoglu, Lale, Wiklund, Olov, Mueller, Christian, Drexel, Heinz, Aboyans, Victor, Corsini, Alberto, Doehner, Wolfram, Farnier, Michel, Gigante, Bruna, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Krstacic, Goran, Lambrinou, Ekaterini, Lewis, Basil S, Masip, Josep, Moulin, Philippe, Petersen, Steffen, Petronio, Anna Sonia, Piepoli, Massimo Francesco, Pintó, Xavier, Räber, Lorenz, Ray, Kausik K, Reiner, Željko, Riesen, Walter F, Roffi, Marco, Schmid, Jean- Paul, Shlyakhto, Evgeny, Simpson, Iain A, Stroes, Erik, Sudano, Isabella, Tselepis, Alexandros D, Viigimaa, Margus, Vindis, Cecile, Vonbank, Alexander, Vrablik, Michal, Vrsalovic, Mislav, Zamorano, José Luis, Collet, Jean- Philippe, John Chapman, M, Windecker, Stephan, Collet, Jean-Philippe, Dean, Veronica, Fitzsimons, Donna, Gale, Chris P, Grobbee, Diederick, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Hindricks, Gerhard, Iung, Bernard, Jüni, Peter, Katus, Hugo A, Leclercq, Christophe, Lettino, Maddalena, Merkely, Bela, Sousa-Uva, Miguel, Touyz, Rhian M, Nibouche, Djamaleddine, Zelveian, Parounak H, Siostrzonek, Peter, Najafov, Ruslan, van de Borne, Philippe, Pojskic, Belma, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Kypris, Lambros, Špinar, Jindřich, Larsen, Mogens Lytken, Eldin, Hesham Salah, Strandberg, Timo E, Ferrières, Jean, Agladze, Rusudan, Laufs, Ulrich, Rallidis, Loukianos, Bajnok, László, Gudjónsson, Thorbjörn, Maher, Vincent, Henkin, Yaakov, Gulizia, Michele Massimo, Mussagaliyeva, Aisulu, Bajraktari, Gani, Kerimkulova, Alina, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Hamoui, Omar, Slapikas, Rimvydas, Visser, Laurent, Dingli, Philip, Ivanov, Victoria, Boskovic, Aneta, Nazzi, Mbarek, Visseren, Frank, Mitevska, Irena, Retterstøl, Kjetil, Jankowski, Piotr, Fontes-Carvalho, Ricardo, Gaita, Dan, Ezhov, Marat, Foscoli, Marina, Giga, Vojislav, Pella, Daniel, Fras, Zlatko, de Isla, Leopoldo Perez, Hagström, Emil, Lehmann, Roger, Abid, Leila, Ozdogan, Oner, Mitchenko, Olena, Patel, Riyaz S, ESC Scientific Document Group, Service d’Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Prévention des Risques Cardio-Vasculaires [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine (SU FM), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Zurich, and Mach, François

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Treatment adherence, Evinacumab, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Very low-density lipoproteins, 610 Medicine & health, Lipoprotein remnants, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Guidelines, Total cardiovascular risk, 2705 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Treatment (lifestyle), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, High-density lipoproteins, Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dyslipidaemias, Triglycerides, Dyslipidemias, Task force, business.industry, Treatment (drugs), Lipids, Coronary heart disease, 3. Good health, Treatment (adherence), Cholesterol, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, 10209 Clinic for Cardiology, European atherosclerosis society, LDL Cholesterol Lipoproteins, Low-density lipoproteins, Lipid modification, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Apolipoprotein B, All cause mortality, Guidelines • dyslipidaemias • cholesterol • triglycerides • low-density lipoproteins • high-density lipoproteins • apolipoprotein B • lipoprotein(a) • lipoprotein remnants • total cardiovascular risk • treatment (lifestyle) • treatment (drugs) • treatment (adherence) • very low-density lipoproteins • familial hypercholesterolaemia, Lipoprotein(a)
Abstract

The previous ESC/EAS lipid Guidelines were published in August 2016. The emergence of a substantial body of evidence over the last few years has required new, up-to-date Guidelines. New evidence has confirmed that the key initiating event in atherogenesis is the retention of low- density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) and other cholesterol-rich apolipoprotein (Apo) B containing lipoproteins within the arterial wall. Several recent placebo-controlled clinical studies have shown that the addition of either ezetimibe or anti-proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to statin therapy provides a further reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, which is directly and positively correlated with the incrementally achieved absolute LDL-C reduction. Furthermore, these clinical trials have clearly indicated that the lower the achieved LDL-C values, the lower the risk of future cardiovascular (CV) events, with no lower limit for LDL-C values, or ‘J’-curve effect.

Published
2020
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7. Statin therapy in athletes and patients performing regular intense exercise - Position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)

Author

Niki Katsiki, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Gani Bajraktari, Andre R. Miserez, Arrigo F.G. Cicero, Eric Bruckert, Maria-Corina Serban, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Fahad Alnouri, Željko Reiner, György Paragh, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Maciej Banach, Fahma Amar, Atanas G. Atanasov, Marcin A. Bartlomiejczyk, Bojko Bjelakovic, Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa, Alberto Cafferata, Richard Ceska, Xavier Collet, Olivier Descamps, Nair Devaki, Dragan Djuric, Ronen Durst, Marat V. Ezhov, Zlatko Fras, Dan Gaita, Stephan von Haehling, Adrian V. Hernandez, Steven R. Jones, Jacek Jozwiak, Nona Kakauridze, Amit Khera, Karam Kostner, Raimondas Kubilius, Gustavs Latkovskis, G.B. John Mancini, A. David Marais, Seth S. Martin, Julio Acosta Martinez, Mohsen Mazidi, Olena Mitchenko, Patrick Moriarty, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Daniel Pella, Peter E. Penson, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Matteo Pirro, Arman Postadzhiyan, Raman Puri, Ashraf Reda, Jemaa Riadh, Dimitri Richter, Manfredi Rizzo, Massimiliano Ruscica, Naveed Sattar, Abdulla M.A. Shehab, Aleksandr B. Shek, Cesare R. Sirtori, Claudia Stefanutti, Tomasz Tomasik, Peter P. Toth, Margus Viigimaa, Dragos Vinereanu, Branislav Vohnout, Michal Vrablik, Nathan D. Wong, Hung-I Yeh, Jiang Zhisheng, Andreas Zirlik, and Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Bajraktari G, Miserez AR, Cicero AFG, Bruckert E, Serban MC, Mirrakhimov E, Alnouri F, Reiner Ž, Paragh G, Sahebkar A, Banach M

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Sports medicine, Context (language use), Physical exercise, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Athleths, Muscular Diseases, Statin intolerance, Medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Athleth, Exercise, Mylagia, Dyslipidemias, Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, Athletes, Exercises, Athleths, Exercises, Management, Mylagia, Statin intolerance, Management, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, Position paper, Statin therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Dyslipidemia
Abstract

Acute and chronic physical exercises may enhance the development of statin-related myopathy. In this context, the recent (2019) guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) for the management of dyslipidemias recommend that, although individuals with dyslipidemia should be advised to engage in regular moderate physical exercise (for at least 30 min daily), physicians should be alerted with regard to myopathy and creatine kinase (CK) elevation in statin-treated sport athletes. However it is worth emphasizing that abovementioned guidelines, previous and recent ESC/EAS consensus papers on adverse effects of statin therapy as well as other previous attempts on this issue, including the ones from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), give only general recommendations on how to manage patients requiring statin therapy on regular exercises. Therefore, these guidelines in the form of the Position Paper are the first such an attempt to summary existing, often scarce knowledge, and to present this important issue in the form of step-by-step practical recommendations. It is critically important as we might observe more and more individuals on regular exercises/athletes requiring statin therapy due to their cardiovascular risk.

Published
2020

8. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk

Author

François Mach, Colin Baigent, Alberico L. Catapano, Konstantinos C. Koskinas, Manuela Casula, Lina Badimon, M. John Chapman, Guy G. De Backer, Victoria Delgado, Brian A. Ference, Ian M. Graham, Alison Halliday, Ulf Landmesser, Borislava Mihaylova, Terje R. Pedersen, Gabriele Riccardi, Dimitrios J. Richter, Marc S. Sabatine, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale Tokgozoglu, Olov Wiklund, Stephan Windecker, Victor Aboyans, Jean-Philippe Collet, Veronica Dean, Donna Fitzsimons, Chris P. Gale, Diederick Grobbee, Sigrun Halvorsen, Gerhard Hindricks, Bernard Iung, Peter Jüni, Hugo A. Katus, Christophe Leclercq, Maddalena Lettino, Basil S. Lewis, Bela Merkely, Christian Mueller, Steffen Petersen, Anna Sonia Petronio, Marco Roffi, Evgeny Shlyakhto, Iain A. Simpson, Miguel Sousa-Uva, Rhian M. Touyz, Djamaleddine Nibouche, Parounak H. Zelveian, Peter Siostrzonek, Ruslan Najafov, Philippe van de Borne, Belma Pojskic, Arman Postadzhiyan, Lambros Kypris, Jindřich Špinar, Mogens Lytken Larsen, Hesham Salah Eldin, Margus Viigimaa, Timo E. Strandberg, Jean Ferrières, Rusudan Agladze, Ulrich Laufs, Loukianos Rallidis, László Bajnok, Thorbjörn Gudjónsson, Vincent Maher, Yaakov Henkin, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Aisulu Mussagaliyeva, Gani Bajraktari, Alina Kerimkulova, Gustavs Latkovskis, Omar Hamoui, Rimvydas Slapikas, Laurent Visser, Philip Dingli, Victoria Ivanov, Aneta Boskovic, Mbarek Nazzi, Frank Visseren, Irena Mitevska, Kjetil Retterstøl, Piotr Jankowski, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho, Dan Gaita, Marat Ezhov, Marina Foscoli, Vojislav Giga, Daniel Pella, Zlatko Fras, Leopoldo Perez de Isla, Emil Hagström, Roger Lehmann, Leila Abid, Oner Ozdogan, Olena Mitchenko, Riyaz S. Patel, HUS Heart and Lung Center, Clinicum, CAMM - Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Research Programs Unit, and University of Helsinki

Subjects
Male, CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE, Very low-density lipoprotein, Apolipoprotein B, Lipoprotein remnants, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, High-density lipoproteins, HIGH-DOSE ATORVASTATIN, Hypolipidemic Agents, ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY, biology, Treatment (drugs), Lipoprotein(a), Middle Aged, Lipids, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, 3. Good health, Treatment (adherence), Treatment Outcome, Cholesterol, DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, Cardiovascular Diseases, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Low-density lipoproteins, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Very low-density lipoproteins, TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS, Guidelines, Total cardiovascular risk, Risk Assessment, STATIN-TREATED PATIENTS, Treatment (lifestyle), 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Journal Article, medicine, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, HOMOZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, Dyslipidaemias, Triglycerides, Aged, Dyslipidemias, business.industry, C-reactive protein, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrinology, chemistry, Intima-media thickness, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, biology.protein, Lipid modification, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Biomarkers
Abstract

Correction: Volume: 292 Pages: 160-162 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.020 Published: JAN 2020

Published
2019

9. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS

Author

Valgimigli, Marco, Bueno, Héctor, Byrne, Robert A, Collet, Jean-Philippe, Costa, Francesco, Jeppsson, Anders, Jüni, Peter, Kastrati, Adnan, Kolh, Philippe, Mauri, Laura, Montalescot, Gilles, Neumann, Franz-Josef, Petricevic, Mate, Roffi, Marco, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Windecker, Stephan, Zamorano, Jose Luis, Levine, Glenn N, Badimon, Lina, Vranckx, Pascal, Agewall, Stefan, Andreotti, Felicita, Antman, Elliott, Barbato, Emanuele, Bassand, Jean-Pierre, Bugiardini, Raffaele, Cikirikcioglu, Mustafa, Cuisset, Thomas, De Bonis, Michele, Delgado, Victora, Fitzsimons, Donna, Gaemperli, Oliver, Galiè, Nazzareno, Gilard, Martine, Hamm, Christian W, Ibanez, Borja, Iung, Bernard, James, Stefan, Knuuti, Juhani, Landmesser, Ulf, Leclercq, Christophe, Lettino, Maddalena, Lip, Gregory, Piepoli, Massimo Francesco, Pierard, Luc, Schwerzmann, Markus, Sechtem, Udo, Simpson, Iain A, Uva, Miguel Sousa, Stabile, Eugenio, Storey, Robert F, Tendera, Michal, Van de Werf, Frans, Verheugt, Freek, Aboyans, Victor, Coca, Antonio, Collet, Jean- Philippe, Coman, Ioan Mircea, Dean, Veronica, Delgado, Victoria, Hindricks, Gerhard, Katus, Hugo A, Lancellotti, Patrizio, McDonagh, Theresa, Ponikowski, Piotr, Richter, Dimitrios J, Shlyakhto, Evgeny, Roithinger, Franz Xaver, Aliyev, Farid, Stelmashok, Valeriy, Desmet, Walter, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Georghiou, Georgios P, Motovska, Zuzana, Grove, Erik Lerkevang, Marandi, Toomas, Kiviniemi, Tuomas, Kedev, Sasko, Massberg, Steffen, Alexopoulos, Dimitrios, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Gudmundsdottir, Ingibjorg Jona, McFadden, Eugène P, Lev, Eli, De Luca, Leonardo, Sugraliyev, Akhmetzhan, Haliti, Edmond, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Petrauskiene, Birute, Huijnen, Steve, Magri, Caroline Jane, Cherradi, Rhizlan, Ten Berg, Jurrien M, Eritsland, Jan, Budaj, Andrzej, Aguiar, Carlos Tavares, Duplyakov, Dmitry, Zavatta, Marco, Antonijevic, Nebojsa M, Fras, Zlatko, Montoliu, Antonio Tello, Varenhorst, Christoph, Tsakiris, Dimitri, Addad, Faouzi, Aydogdu, Sinan, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Kinnaird, Tim, ESC Scientific Document Group, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), ESC National Cardiac Societies, Valgimigli, Marco, Bueno, Héctor, Byrne, Robert A., Collet, Jean-Philippe, Costa, Francesco, Jeppsson, Ander, Kastrati, Adnan, Kolh, Philippe, Mauri, Laura, Montalescot, Gille, Neumann, Franz-Josef, Petricevic, Mate, Roffi, Marco, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Zamorano, Jose Lui, Levine, Glenn N., Badimon, Lina, Vranckx, Pascal, Agewall, Stefan, Andreotti, Felicita, Antman, Elliott, Barbato, Emanuele, Bassand, Jean-Pierre, Bugiardini, Raffaele, Cikirikcioglu, Mustafa, Cuisset, Thoma, De Bonis, Michele, Delgado, Victora, Fitzsimons, Donna, Galiè, Nazzareno, Gilard, Martine, Hamm, Christian W., Ibanez, Borja, James, Stefan, Knuuti, Juhani, Landmesser, Ulf, Leclercq, Christophe, Lettino, Maddalena, Lip, Gregory, Piepoli, Massimo Francesco, Pierard, Luc, Schwerzmann, Marku, Sechtem, Udo, Simpson, Iain A., Uva, Miguel Sousa, Stabile, Eugenio, Storey, Robert F., Tendera, Michal, Van De Werf, Fran, Verheugt, Freek, Aboyans, Victor, Windecker, Stephan, Coca, Antonio, Coman, Ioan Mircea, Dean, Veronica, Delgado, Victoria, Gaemperli, Oliver, Hindricks, Gerhard, Iung, Bernard, Jüni, Peter, Katus, Hugo A., Lancellotti, Patrizio, McDonagh, Theresa, Ponikowski, Piotr, Richter, DImitrios J., Shlyakhto, Evgeny, Roithinger, Franz Xaver, Aliyev, Farid, Stelmashok, Valeriy, Desmet, Walter, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Georghiou, Georgios P., Motovska, Zuzana, Grove, Erik Lerkevang, Marandi, Tooma, Kiviniemi, Tuoma, Kedev, Sasko, Massberg, Steffen, Alexopoulos, DImitrio, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Gudmundsdottir, Ingibjorg Jona, McFadden, Eugène P., Lev, Eli, De Luca, Leonardo, Sugraliyev, Akhmetzhan, Haliti, Edmond, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Latkovskis, Gustav, Petrauskiene, Birute, Huijnen, Steve, Magri, Caroline Jane, Cherradi, Rhizlan, Ten Berg, Jurrien M., Eritsland, Jan, Budaj, Andrzej, Aguiar, Carlos Tavare, Duplyakov, Dmitry, Zavatta, Marco, Antonijevic, Nebojsa M., Fras, Zlatko, Montoliu, Antonio Tello, Varenhorst, Christoph, Tsakiris, DImitri, Addad, Faouzi, Aydogdu, Sinan, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Kinnaird, Tim, Valgimigli, M, Bueno, H, Byrne, Ra, Collet, Jp, Costa, F, Jeppsson, A, Juni, P, Kastrati, A, Kolh, P, Mauri, L, Montalescot, G, Neumann, Fj, Petricevic, M, Roffi, M, Steg, Pg, Windecker, S, Zamorano, Jl, Levine, Gn, Badimon, L, Vranckx, P, Agewall, S, Andreotti, F, Antman, E, Barbato, E, Bassand, Jp, Bugiardini, R, Cikirikcioglu, M, Cuisset, T, De Bonis, M, Delgado, V, Fitzsimons, D, Oliver, G, Galie, N, Gilard, M, Hamm, Cw, Ibanez, B, Iung, B, James, S, Knuuti, J, Landmesser, U, Leclercq, C, Lettino, M, Lip, G, Piepoli, Mf, Pierard, L, Schwerzmann, M, Sechtem, U, Simpson, Ia, Uva, M, Stabile, E, Storey, Rf, Tendera, M, Van De Werf, F, Verheugt, F, Aboyans, V, Byrne, Robert A, Levine, Glenn N, Badimon L, Vranckx P, Agewall S, Andreotti F, Antman E, Barbato E, Bassand JP, Bugiardini R, Cikirikcioglu M, Cuisset T, De Bonis M, Delgado V, Fitzsimons D, Gaemperli O, Galiè N, Gilard M, Hamm CW, Ibanez B, Iung B, James S, Knuuti J, Landmesser U, Leclercq C, Lettino M, Lip G, Piepoli MF, Pierard L, Schwerzmann M, Sechtem U, Simpson IA, Uva MS, Stabile E, Storey RF, Tendera M, Van de Werf F, Verheugt F, Aboyans V, Alma Mater Studiorum Universita' di Bologna, DIPARTIMENTO DI MEDICINA SPECIALISTICA, DIAGNOSTICA E SPERIMENTALE, DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE MEDICHE E CHIRURGICHE, Da definire, and AREA MIN. 06 - Scienze mediche

Subjects
Stable angina, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel, Stent thrombosi, Stent thrombosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Coronary artery bypass grafting, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Guideline, Coronary artery disease, Percutaneous coronary intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Stent, DAPT score, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Drug-eluting stents, reproductive and urinary physiology, Societies, Medical, dual antiplatelet therapy, coronary artery disease, General Medicine, Clopidogrel, Europe, Cardiothoracic surgery, Non cardiac surgery, embryonic structures, Dual antiplatelet therapy, Cardiology, Stents, Stable coronary artery disease, Radiology, Acute coronary syndrome, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, PRECISE-DAPT score, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.drug, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndromes, Guidelines, 03 medical and health sciences, Non-cardiac surgery, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Triple therapy, Risk stratification, Aspirin, business.industry, urogenital system, Revascularization, Bleeding, Oral anticoagulant, Recommendation, medicine.disease, Settore MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE, Surgery, Drug-eluting stent, business, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Abstract

none 107 si Non presente mixed Valgimigli, Marco*; Bueno, Héctor; Byrne, Robert A.; Collet, Jean-Philippe; Costa, Francesco; Jeppsson, Anders; Kastrati, Adnan; Kolh, Philippe; Mauri, Laura; Montalescot, Gilles; Neumann, Franz-Josef; Petricevic, Mate; Roffi, Marco; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Zamorano, Jose Luis; Levine, Glenn N.; Badimon, Lina; Vranckx, Pascal; Agewall, Stefan; Andreotti, Felicita; Antman, Elliott; Barbato, Emanuele; Bassand, Jean-Pierre; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Cikirikcioglu, Mustafa; Cuisset, Thomas; De Bonis, Michele; Delgado, Victora; Fitzsimons, Donna; Galiè, Nazzareno; Gilard, Martine; Hamm, Christian W.; Ibanez, Borja; James, Stefan; Knuuti, Juhani; Landmesser, Ulf; Leclercq, Christophe; Lettino, Maddalena; Lip, Gregory; Piepoli, Massimo Francesco; Pierard, Luc; Schwerzmann, Markus; Sechtem, Udo; Simpson, Iain A.; Uva, Miguel Sousa; Stabile, Eugenio; Storey, Robert F.; Tendera, Michal; Van De Werf, Frans; Verheugt, Freek; Aboyans, Victor; Windecker, Stephan; Coca, Antonio; Coman, Ioan Mircea; Dean, Veronica; Delgado, Victoria; Gaemperli, Oliver; Hindricks, Gerhard; Iung, Bernard; Jüni, Peter; Katus, Hugo A.; Lancellotti, Patrizio; McDonagh, Theresa; Ponikowski, Piotr; Richter, DImitrios J.; Shlyakhto, Evgeny; Roithinger, Franz Xaver; Aliyev, Farid; Stelmashok, Valeriy; Desmet, Walter; Postadzhiyan, Arman; Georghiou, Georgios P.; Motovska, Zuzana; Grove, Erik Lerkevang; Marandi, Toomas; Kiviniemi, Tuomas; Kedev, Sasko; Massberg, Steffen; Alexopoulos, DImitrios; Kiss, Robert Gabor; Gudmundsdottir, Ingibjorg Jona; McFadden, Eugène P.; Lev, Eli; De Luca, Leonardo; Sugraliyev, Akhmetzhan; Haliti, Edmond; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Latkovskis, Gustavs; Petrauskiene, Birute; Huijnen, Steve; Magri, Caroline Jane; Cherradi, Rhizlan; Ten Berg, Jurrien M.; Eritsland, Jan; Budaj, Andrzej; Aguiar, Carlos Tavares; Duplyakov, Dmitry; Zavatta, Marco; Antonijevic, Nebojsa M.; Fras, Zlatko; Montoliu, Antonio Tello; Varenhorst, Christoph; Tsakiris, DImitri; Addad, Faouzi; Aydogdu, Sinan; Parkhomenko, Alexander; Kinnaird, Tim Valgimigli, Marco*; Bueno, Héctor; Byrne, Robert A.; Collet, Jean-Philippe; Costa, Francesco; Jeppsson, Anders; Kastrati, Adnan; Kolh, Philippe; Mauri, Laura; Montalescot, Gilles; Neumann, Franz-Josef; Petricevic, Mate; Roffi, Marco; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Zamorano, Jose Luis; Levine, Glenn N.; Badimon, Lina; Vranckx, Pascal; Agewall, Stefan; Andreotti, Felicita; Antman, Elliott; Barbato, Emanuele; Bassand, Jean-Pierre; Bugiardini, Raffaele; Cikirikcioglu, Mustafa; Cuisset, Thomas; De Bonis, Michele; Delgado, Victora; Fitzsimons, Donna; Galiè, Nazzareno; Gilard, Martine; Hamm, Christian W.; Ibanez, Borja; James, Stefan; Knuuti, Juhani; Landmesser, Ulf; Leclercq, Christophe; Lettino, Maddalena; Lip, Gregory; Piepoli, Massimo Francesco; Pierard, Luc; Schwerzmann, Markus; Sechtem, Udo; Simpson, Iain A.; Uva, Miguel Sousa; Stabile, Eugenio; Storey, Robert F.; Tendera, Michal; Van De Werf, Frans; Verheugt, Freek; Aboyans, Victor; Windecker, Stephan; Coca, Antonio; Coman, Ioan Mircea; Dean, Veronica; Delgado, Victoria; Gaemperli, Oliver; Hindricks, Gerhard; Iung, Bernard; Jüni, Peter; Katus, Hugo A.; Lancellotti, Patrizio; McDonagh, Theresa; Ponikowski, Piotr; Richter, DImitrios J.; Shlyakhto, Evgeny; Roithinger, Franz Xaver; Aliyev, Farid; Stelmashok, Valeriy; Desmet, Walter; Postadzhiyan, Arman; Georghiou, Georgios P.; Motovska, Zuzana; Grove, Erik Lerkevang; Marandi, Toomas; Kiviniemi, Tuomas; Kedev, Sasko; Massberg, Steffen; Alexopoulos, DImitrios; Kiss, Robert Gabor; Gudmundsdottir, Ingibjorg Jona; McFadden, Eugène P.; Lev, Eli; De Luca, Leonardo; Sugraliyev, Akhmetzhan; Haliti, Edmond; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Latkovskis, Gustavs; Petrauskiene, Birute; Huijnen, Steve; Magri, Caroline Jane; Cherradi, Rhizlan; Ten Berg, Jurrien M.; Eritsland, Jan; Budaj, Andrzej; Aguiar, Carlos Tavares; Duplyakov, Dmitry; Zavatta, Marco; Antonijevic, Nebojsa M.; Fras, Zlatko; Montoliu, Antonio Tello; Varenhorst, Christoph; Tsakiris, DImitri; Addad, Faouzi; Aydogdu, Sinan; Parkhomenko, Alexander; Kinnaird, Tim

Published
2018

10. Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries - The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Author

Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J., Marco, Martina De, Stevens, Christophe A. T., Akram, Asif, Freiberger, Tomas, Hovingh, G. Kees, Kastelein, John J. P., Mata, Pedro, Raal, Frederick J., Santos, Raul D., Soran, Handrean, Watts, Gerald F., Abifadel, Marianne, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Al-Khnifsawi, Mutaz, Alkindi, Fahad A., Alnouri, Fahad, Alonso, Rodrigo, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Al-Sarraf, Ahmad, Ashavaid, Tester F., Binder, Christoph J., Bogsrud, Martin P., Bourbon, Mafalda, Bruckert, Eric, Chlebus, Krzysztof, Corral, Pablo, Descamps, Olivier, Durst, Ronen, Ezhov, Marat, Fras, Zlatko, Genest, Jacques, Groselj, Urh, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Lalic, Katarina, Lam, Carolyn S. P., Latkovskis, Gustavs, Laufs, Ulrich, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Lin, Jie, Maher, Vincent, Majano, Nelson, Marais, A. David, März, Winfried, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Miserez, André R., Mitchenko, Olena, Nawawi, Hapizah M., Nordestgaard, B. rge G., Paragh, György, Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Pojskic, Belma, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Reda, Ashraf, Reiner, Željko, Sadoh, Wilson E., Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Shehab, Abdullah, Shek, Aleksander B., Stoll, Mario, Su, Ta-Chen, Subramaniam, Tavintharan, Susekov, Andrey V., Symeonides, Phivos, Tilney, Myra, Tomlinson, Brian, Truong, Thanh-Huong, Tselepis, Alexandros D., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Vázquez-Cárdenas, Alejandra, Viigimaa, Margus, Vohnout, Branislav, Widén, Elisabeth, Yamashita, Shizuya, Banach, Maciej, Gaita, Dan, Jiang, Lixin, Nilsson, Lennart, Santos, Lourdes E., Schunkert, Heribert, Tokgözoğlu, Lale, Car, Josip, Catapano, Alberico L., Ray, Kausik K., Schreier, Laura, Pang, Jing, Dieplinger, Hans, Hanauer-Mader, Gabriele, Desutter, Johan, Langlois, Michel, Mertens, Ann, Rietzschel, Ernst, Wallemacq, Caroline, Isakovic, Dzenana, Dzankovic, Amra M., Obralija, Jasna, Pojskic, Lamija, Sisic, Ibrahim, Stimjanin, Ena, Torlak, Vildana A., Jannes, Cinthia E., Krieger, Jose E., Pereira, Alexandre C., Ruel, Isabelle, Asenjo, Sylvia, Cuevas, Ada, Pećin, Ivan, Miltiadous, George, Panayiotou, Andrie G., Vrablik, Michal, Benn, Marianne, Heinsar, Silver, Béliard, S., Gouni-Berthold, Ioanna, Hengstenberg, Wibke, Julius, Ulrich, Kassner, Ursula, Klose, Gerald, König, Christel, König, Wolfgang, Otte, Britta, Parhofer, Klaus, Schatz, Ulrike, Schmidt, Nina, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Vogt, Anja, Antza, Christina, Athyros, Vasilios, Bilianou, Eleni, Boufidou, Amalia, Chrousos, George, Elisaf, Moses, Garoufi, Anastasia, Katsiki, Niki, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kotsis, Vasilios, Rallidis, Loukianos, Rizos, Christos, Skalidis, Emmanouel, Skoumas, Ioannis, Tziomalos, Kostantinos, Shawney, J. P. S., Abbaszadegan, Mohammad R., Aminzadeh, Majid, Hosseini, Sousan, Mobini, Moein, Vakili, Rahim, Zaeri, Hossein, Agar, Ruth, Boran, Gerard, Colwell, Nial, Crowley, Vivion, Durkin, Maeve, Griffin, Damian, Kelly, Michael, Rakovac-Tisdall, Ana, Bitzur, Rafael, Cohen, Hofit, Eliav, Osnat, Ellis, Avishay, Gavish, Dov, Harats, Dror, Henkin, Yaacov, Knobler, Hila, Leavit, Leah, Leitersdorf, Eran, Rubinstein, Ardon, Schurr, Daniel, Shpitzen, Shoshi, Szalat, Auryan, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Bertolini, Stefano, Calandra, Sebastiano, Tarugi, Patrizia, Erglis, Andrejs, Gilis, Dainus, Nesterovics, Georgijs, Saripo, Vita, Upena-Roze, Arta, Elbitar, Sandy, Jambart, S. lim, Khoury, Petra El, Gargalskaite, Urte, Kutkiene, Sandra, Al-Khateeb, Alyaa, An, Chua Y., Ismail, Zaliha, Kasim, Sazzli, Ibrahim, Khairul S., Radzi, Ahmad B. M., Kasim, Noor A., Nor, Noor S. M., Ramli, Anis S., Razak, Suraya A., Muid, Suhaila, Rosman, Azhari, Sanusi, Abd R., Razman, Aimi Z., Nazli, Sukma A., Kek, Teh L., Azzopardi, Conrad, Aguilar Salinas, Carlos A., Vázquez-Cárdenas, N. Alejandra, Galán, Gabriela, Magaña-Torres, M. T., Martagon, Alexandro, Mehta, Roopa, Wittekoek, M. E., Isara, Alphonsus R., Obaseki, Darlington E., Ohenhen, Oluwatoyin A., Holven, Kirsten B., Gruchała, Marcin, Baranowska, Marlena, Borowiec-Wolny, Justyna, Gilis-Malinowska, Natasza, Michalska-Grzonkowska, Aleksandra, Pajkowski, Marcin, Parczewska, Aleksandra, Romanowska-Kocejko, Marzena, Stróżyk, Aneta, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka, Marta, Kleinschmidt, Mariola, Alves, Ana C., Medeiros, Ana M., Ershova, Alexandra, Korneva, Victoria, Kuznetsova, Tatiana, Malyshev, Pavel, Meshkov, Alexey, Rozhkova, Tatiana, Rajkovic, Natasa, Popovic, Ljiljana, Lukac, Sandra S., Stosic, Ljubica, Rasulic, Iva, Lalic, Nebojsa M., Chua, Terrance S. J., Ting, Sharon P. L., Raslova, Katarina, Battelino, Tadej, Cevc, Matija, Jug, Borut, Kovac, Jernej, Podkrajsek, Katarina T., Sustar, Ursa, Trontelj, Katja J., Marais, David, Isla, Leopoldo Perez de, Martin, François J., Charng, Ming-Ji, Chen, Pei-Lung, Kayikçioglu, Meral, Dell’oca, Nicolás, Fernández, Graciela, Ressia, Andrés, Reyes, Ximena, Zelarayan, Mario, Alieva, Rano B., Hoshimov, Shavkat U., Kurbanov, Ravshanbek D., Nizamov, Ulugbek I., Lima-Martínez, Marcos M., Nguyen, Mai-Ngoc Thi, Do, Doan-Loi, Kim, Ngoc-Thanh, le, Hong-An, le, Thanh-Tung, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Elisabeth Ingrid Maria Widen / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Genomic Discoveries and Clinical Translation, Kardiyoloji, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Pfizer Incorporated, European Atherosclerosis Society, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
International Cooperation, MÉTODOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Nationwide survey, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Doenças Cardio e Cérebro-vasculares, MOLECULAR-GENETICS, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Prevalence, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cooperative Behavior, DEFECTIVE APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, GENERAL-POPULATION, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Anticholesteremic Agents, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, FHSC, Primary dyslipidaemia, Biomarkers, Cholesterol, LDL, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Health Care Surveys, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Treatment Outcome, Blood Component Removal, EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Cholesterol, CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE, NATIONWIDE SURVEY, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiovascular risk factors, Population, LDL-RECEPTOR, 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology, LDL, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Medicine [Science], fhsc, familial hypercholesterolaemia, primary dyslipidaemia, education, Genetic testing, Government, Public health, EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) Investigators, SAFEHEART REGISTRY, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Family medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, Business, FOLLOW-UP
Abstract

PubMed: 30270054, 2-s2.0-85053666909, Background and aims: Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries. Methods: Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management. Results: 63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ?2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ?60% countries, although access is limited. Conclusions: FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V., Universidade de São Paulo, USP European Atherosclerosis Society, EAS Amgen Merck Sharp and Dohme, MSD, The ELSA Study suggests heterozygous FH (HeFH) may affect 1:263 Brazilians (?766,000 individuals). Currently, the only active genetic cascade screening program in Brazil is Hipercol Brasil in Sao Paulo (genetic testing for adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ?230?mg/dL, to maximise cost-effectiveness), with 1719 heterozygotes, 25 homozygotes, 13 compound-heterozygotes and one double-heterozygote identified by March 2018. To date, 4340 individuals from 440 families were screened. Genetic testing is funded by a government tax reduction programme (PROADI-SUS), and cascade screening by partnering between Samaritano Hospital and Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo. Most FH patients are under non-specialist care and currently under-treated., Prevalence is unknown but assumed at 1:250. There is no state programme and few patients were diagnosed before the Latvian FH Registry was established in 2015. To date, the Registry has identified 181 cases (2.3% of 7876 estimated HeFH cases; no HoFH). Cascade screening is performed in first-degree relatives of index cases with probable/definite FH. Genetic testing is not reimbursed but has been funded by research grants for a few patients/relatives. About 5% of patients had LDL-C at target before inclusion in the Registry [ 61 ]. Statins are reimbursed 50% in primary prevention; statins and ezetimibe, 75–100% in secondary prevention; PCSK9i are available, but not reimbursed., Estimated prevalence is 1:250 (based on a meta-analysis of 6 observational studies) or 136,300 adults (only 2% diagnosed) [ 69 , 70 ]. Based on LIPIDOGRAM studies (2004–2015, ?50,000 participants), prevalence might be?1:200 [ 71 , 72 ]. Five HoFH cases are described [ 73 , 74 ]. Patients with DLCN ?3 are referred for genetic testing, funded by the National Health Program. The National Centre for FH at University Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Gdansk, was established in 2017, financed by the Ministry of Health. From August 2017, 345 patients underwent genetic testing (153 positive, including 46 relatives; 1 HoFH). Since 1999, 1884 patients (562 families) have undergone genetic testing and cascade diagnosis (data from the National Polish FH Registry, Medical University of Gdansk, established in 2000). PCSK9i are not reimbursed (under discussion with the Ministry of Health)., The EAS FHSC project has received support from a Pfizer Independent Grant for Learning & Change 2014 (No: 16157823 ) and from investigator-initiated unrestricted research grants to the European Atherosclerosis Society from Amgen , MSD , and Sanofi-Aventis .

Published
2018

11. How to assess and manage cardiovascular risk associated with lipid alterations beyond LDL

Author

Averna, Maurizio, Stroes, Erik, Ogura, Masatsune, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Cercek, Miha, CALABRO', Paolo, Suppressa, Patrizia, Averna, M, Stroes, E, Averna, Maurizio, Stroes, Erik, Ogura, Masatsune, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Cercek, Miha, Calabro', Paolo, Suppressa, Patrizia, Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Apolipoprotein B, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Assessment, Triglyceride, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Internal Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Atherogenic dyslipidaemia, Hypolipidemic Agents, biology, Cholesterol, business.industry, Disease Management, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, Lipoprotein(a), Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular risk, Residual risk, Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Endocrinology, chemistry, Cardiovascular Diseases, Practice Guidelines as Topic, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Metabolic syndrome, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, Risk assessment, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Biomarkers, Lipoprotein
Abstract

Background and aims: The maintenance of clinically recommended levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) through a statin therapy is a gold standard in the management of patients with dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, even when LDL-C levels are at or below clinically recommended target levels, residual cardiovascular (CV) risk still remains. Therefore, assessing lipoproteins beyond LDL-C in managing CV risk is imperative. Methods: A working group of clinical experts have assessed the role of lipoproteins other than LDL-C in identifying the CV risk in patients with dyslipidaemia and CVD and in the management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia associated with a number of other diseases. The recommendations, in line with the European guidelines, are presented. Results: A thorough evaluation of clinical data by the expert working group resulted in recommendations to consider non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB), remnant cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[ a]) as biomarkers of residual CV risk in patients with CVD. Elevated Lp(a) levels were also suggested to be a causal factor. The experts highlighted the significance of nonHDL-C and triglycerides (TG) in atherogenic dyslipidaemia associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCH). The working group recommended combinatorial therapeutic approaches in high-risk patients, including agents impacting on TG and HDL-C levels. Conclusions: Evaluation of a lipoprotein landscape when LDL-C levels remain low strongly supports the role of non-HDL-C, Lp(a) and TGs in identifying patients with increased residual risk of CV and in selecting their treatment strategy. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Published
2017

12. Management of High and Very High-Risk Subjects with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Results from an Observational Study in Bulgaria

Author

Janet Addison, Svetlin N. Tsonev, Arman Postadzhiyan, Vasil I. Lachev, Mariya P. Tokmakova, Reneta Petkova, Ivo Petrov, and Lyudmila G. Kitova

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Statin, medicine.drug_class, Atorvastatin, lcsh:Medicine, Familial hypercholesterolemia, tendinous xanthomata, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, 03 medical and health sciences, lipid modifying therapy, 0302 clinical medicine, Ezetimibe, Internal medicine, arcus cornealis, medicine, Humans, Rosuvastatin, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, Bulgaria, Hypolipidemic Agents, Retrospective Studies, familial hypercholesterolemia, business.industry, lcsh:R, Disease Management, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Guideline, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Treatment Outcome, Observational study, Female, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic disorder causing accelerated atherosclerosis and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). This retrospective observational study examined the clinical characteristics and management of FH subjects in Bulgaria over a 12-month period. Materials and methods: Twelve cardiology sites participated in this study from May 2015 to May 2016. Eligible subjects had at least two routine low-density lipo-protein cholesterol (LDL C) measurements and a prescription for lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) at the start of the observation period. Mean values for gender, age and cardiovascular (CV) event history at baseline and LDL-C over time were estimated. Results: Of the 220 eligible subjects, 196 fulfilled the criteria for FH diagnosis: 27 definite, 94 probable and 75 possible. Mean age at enrolment was 54.4 years and 64.1% of subjects were male. Mean CV risk classification at baseline was 26.8% high-risk (HR) and 73.2% very high-risk (VHR). Mean LDL-C was 5.6 mmol/L at enrolment and 4.1 mmol/L at last observation visit (12 months). The ESC/EAS Guideline LDL-C targets (applicable at the time of the study) were achieved by 14.5% of HR and 5.0% of VHR subjects. Most subjects (n=219) received statins. One subject was statin intolerant (ezetimibe therapy). Intensive statin treatment (atorvastatin 40–80 mg/daily and rosuvastatin 20–40 mg/daily) was used in 38.6% of individuals during the observation period and 10% of subjects received combination therapy (statin plus ezetimibe or other LLT). Conclusions: Most subjects with FH do not reach the ESC/EAS defined LDL-C targets. Early identification and physician education may improve FH management.

Published
2017

13. Continuation of the ESH-CHL-SHOT trial after publication of the SPRINT: rationale for further study on blood pressure targets of antihypertensive treatment after stroke

Author

Csaba Farsang, Antonio Coca, Xin-Hua Zhang, Giuseppe Mancia, Arman Postadzhiyan, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Stéphane Laurent, Nieves Martell-Claros, Fernando Pinto, Yuriy Sirenko, John T. O'Brien, Renata Cifkova, Bojan Jelaković, Guido Grassi, Irina Lazareva, Maria Dorobantu, Zhaosu Wu, Rok Accetto, Vincenzo Silani, Chengbin Xu, Giovanni Corrao, Eivind Berge, Philippos Stylianou, Dror Dicker, Gianfranco Parati, Yuqing Zhang, Dragan Lovic, Lorenza Scotti, Gary A. Ford, Roland E. Schmieder, Michel Burnier, Lisheng Liu, Marco Stramba-Badiale, Margus Viigimaa, Anna F. Dominiczak, Ting Rui Guan, Jose L. Rodicio, Alexandra Konradi, Hengge Xie, Athanasios J. Manolis, Enrico Agabiti-Rosei, Josep Redon, Peter M. Nilsson, Gangzhi Wei, Xuezhong Zhang, Dingliang Zhu, Alberto Zanchetti, Maciej Banach, Grzegorz Bilo, Antonella Zambon, Luis M. Ruilope, Zanchetti, A, Liu, L, Mancia, G, Parati, G, Grassi, G, STRAMBA-BADIALE, M, Silani, V, Bilo, G, Corrao, G, Zambon, A, Scotti, L, Zhang, X, Guan, T, Zhang, Y, Berge, E, Redon, J, Narkiewicz, K, Dominiczak, A, Nilsson, P, Viigimaa, M, Laurent, S, Agabiti Rosei, E, Wu, Z, Zhu, D, Rodicio, J, Ruilope, L, Martell Claros, N, Pinto, F, Schmieder, R, Burnier, M, Banach, M, Cifkova, R, Farsang, C, Konradi, A, Lazareva, I, Sirenko, Y, Dorobantu, M, Postadzhiyan, A, Accetto, R, Jelakovic, B, Lovic, D, Manolis, A, Stylianou, P, Dicker, D, Wei, G, Xu, C, Xie, H, Coca, A, O'Brien, J, and Ford, G

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, business.industry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood pressure, Sprint, Shot (pellet), Internal Medicine, Physical therapy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Stroke
Published
2016

14. Angina and Future Cardiovascular Events in Stable Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry

Author

Mariana Gospodinova, Francesc Formiga, Miguel-Ángel Idoate-Gastearena, Jose Nicolau, Oksana Drapkina, Winston Bonetti Yoshida, Arintaya Phrommintikul, JIANN-SHING JENG, Thomas Frieden, Vladimir Shulman, Yook-Chin Chia, Christopher Chen, Shaiful bahari Ismail, DIMITRIOS PARISSIS, Vicente Climent, John Cooke, Tomás Segura, Enrique Rodilla, Andrey Komarov, Joseph Eickmeyer, Prof Prakash P Punjabi, Yury Grinshtein, Martin James, Muriel Sprynger, Raymond Seet, Dragos Catalin Jianu, Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha, Chaicharn Deerochanawong, Ru San Tan, Zhanna D. Kobalava, ALVARO AVEZUM, Monica Acevedo, Prof. Abdulhalim Kinsara, Iana Orlova, Maria Teresa Zanella, ELENA BOBESCU, Vijay Sharma, Veronika Lopukhova, Catalin Adrian Buzea, Yuri Karpov, Philippe Gabriel STEG, Stephen Hillis, Ali Azman Raymond, Jonathan Maltz, Albert Galyavich, Yomar Gonzalez, Hamidon Basri, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sung-Chun Tang, Ivo Petrov, Chirk Jenn Ng, TZUNG-DAU WANG, Sergei Shalaev, Marine Tanashyan, Gyorgy Gergely, Michael Lim, Mary Joan Macleod, Raffaella Pisapia, Jean Ferrieres, Alexander Nikonenko, Viktor Tashchuk, Jean-Luc Reny, Lea Maciel, Oleg Rodnenkov, Rodica Balasa, Farzanna Haffizulla, Mikhail Statsenko, Liviu Macovei, Albert Vernon Smith, Snezhanka Tisheva, Maria Glezer, Ji Hoe Heo, Umayya Musharrafieh, Emilian Bogdan Ignat, Teguh Santoso, John Malcolm Walker, Iurii Rudyk, Kyong Soo Park, Arman Postadzhiyan, Antonio Arauz, and Veeda michelle Anlacan

Subjects
Male, MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, SYMPTOMS, Myocardial Infarction, PECTORIS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, Angina, 0302 clinical medicine, Myocardial Revascularization, Odds Ratio, Coronary Heart Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Registries, Stroke, Original Research, RISK, Framingham Risk Score, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Hospitalization, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, OUTPATIENTS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, coronary artery disease, medicine.medical_specialty, CLINICAL-OUTCOMES, Myocardial revascularization, SOUL, HEART-DISEASE, angina, 03 medical and health sciences, cardiovascular events, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Angina, Stable, RATES, CLARIFY REGISTRY, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Heart Failure, Science & Technology, REACH Registry Investigators, business.industry, Odds ratio, CORONARIOPATIA, medicine.disease, United States, Heart failure, Case-Control Studies, Emergency medicine, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, business
Abstract

Background The extent to which angina is associated with future cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease has long been debated. Methods and Results Included were outpatients with established coronary artery disease who were enrolled in the REACH registry and were followed for 4 years. Angina at baseline was defined as necessitating episodic or permanent antianginal treatment. The primary end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary end points included heart failure, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and coronary revascularization. The independent association between angina and first/total events was examined using Cox and logistic regression models. Out of 26 159 patients with established coronary artery disease, 13 619 (52%) had angina at baseline. Compared with patients without angina, patients with angina were more likely to be older, female, and had more heart failure and polyvascular disease ( P CI 1.11–1.27, P CI 0.99–1.14, P =0.11), and total primary end‐point events (adjusted risk ratio 1.08, CI 1.01–1.16, P =0.03). Patients with angina were at increased risk for heart failure (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, CI 1.06–1.28, P =0.002), cardiovascular hospitalizations (adjusted odds ratio 1.29, CI 1.21–1.38, P CI 1.13–1.34, P Conclusions Patients with stable coronary artery disease and angina have higher rates of future cardiovascular events compared with patients without angina. After adjustment, angina was only weakly associated with cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, but significantly associated with heart failure, cardiovascular hospitalization, and coronary revascularization.

Published
2016

15. Management of high and very high risk patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: Results from an observational study in Bulgaria

Author

Reneta Petkova, Mariya P. Tokmakova, Janet Addison, Ivo Petrov, and Arman Postadzhiyan

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, business.industry, Familial hypercholesterolemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical therapy, medicine, Observational study, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Very high risk
Published
2017
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16. Association of Polymorphisms in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System with Developing of Coronary Artery Disease in Bulgarian Patients

Author

Arman Postadzhiyan, Hristo Velinov, Margarita D. Apostolova, and Katya Mokretar

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Angiotensin receptor, Acute coronary syndrome, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Bioinformatics, Gastroenterology, Coronary artery disease, Pathogenesis, Renin-Angiotensin System, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enos, Internal medicine, Renin–angiotensin system, Medicine, Humans, Allele, Bulgaria, Genetics (clinical), Aged, biology, business.industry, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, General Medicine, Original Articles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Female, business, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of common polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS; G894T) and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE]—I/D, angiotensinogen—T704C, and angiotensin II receptor type 1—A1166C) as risk factors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Bulgarian patients. Methods: This study included 171 patients with CAD and 123 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for studying the single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software PASW for Windows. Results: A significantly higher percentage of the eNOS T894 allele was found in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), compared to controls (p = 0.006) and patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP, p = 0.005). Results from a binary regression analysis suggested that eNOS T allele and ACE D allele carriers were more likely to develop ACS than controls (T allele odds ratio [OR] 2.585, p = 0.024; D allele OR 3.585, p = 0.046) and patients with SAP (T allele OR 2.955, p = 0.009; D allele OR 2.703, p = 0.05). Exploratory evaluation of gene–gene combinations showed a significant association between eNOS-G894T/ACE-I/D and ACS compared to controls (p = 0.022) and patients with SAP (p = 0.017). Conclusions: The eNOS G894T and ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing ACS after adjusting for classical risk factors for atherosclerosis in the Bulgarian cohort.

Published
2015

17. P-03-019 Barriers to Primary Care Doctors and Factors Predisposing Consultation of Patients with Erectile Dysfunction

Author

Z. Kamenov, G. Tsigarovski, A. Postadzhiyan, R. Asenova, and G. Foreva

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Urology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030232 urology & nephrology, Primary care, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Erectile dysfunction, Reproductive Medicine, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine
Published
2017
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18. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias

Author

Andrzej Rynkiewicz, Belma Pojskic, Vincent Maher, José Tuñón, Olena Mitchenko, Gonzalo Barón-Esquivias, Marie Therese Cooney, Alberto Cordero, Michal Vrablik, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Margus Viigimaa, Daniel Pella, Alberico Luigi Catapano, Bryan Williams, Adam Torbicki, Jose Luis Tuñon Fernandez, Scipione Carerj, Pedro Marques-Vidal, HECTOR BUENO, Donna Fitzsimons, Lina Badimon, and Arman Postadzhiyan

Subjects
high-density lipoproteins, Treatment adherence, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, drugs, Population based cohort, 0302 clinical medicine, apolipoprotein B, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, adherence, triglycerides, Societies, Medical, Rehabilitation, treatment, lipoprotein remnants, dyslipidaemias, General Medicine, Europe, Cardiovascular Diseases, Medical emergency, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, lifestyle, Cardiovascular risk factors, Cardiology, MEDLINE, Lipid-lowering therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Cardiovascular prevention, Internal medicine, total cardiovascular risk, Journal Article, low-density lipoproteins, Humans, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Dyslipidemias, Task force, business.industry, cholesterol, medicine.disease, Coronary heart disease, Endocrinology, Family medicine, RC666-701, Physical therapy, dyslipidaemias, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein remnants, total cardiovascular risk, treatment, lifestyle, treatment, drugs, treatment, adherence, European atherosclerosis society, apolipoprotein b, business
Abstract

The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Assocciation for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR) Guidelines summarize and evaluate all available evidence on a particular issue at the time of the writing process, with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome as well as the risk–benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means.

Published
2017
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