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(1) Background: The association between actual and perceived motor competence (MC) is one of the underlying mechanisms that influence the practice of physical activity. This study mainly aimed to analyze the structure and correlations between actual and perceived MC in schoolchildren and to compare actual and perceived MC between girls and boys. (2) Methods: A total of 467 fifth and sixth graders (43.9% girls, M = 11.26, SD = 0.70) participated. Actual and perceived MC were assessed. To examine the proposed four factor models, structural equation models (factor analyses, latent correlations, invariance testing for gender) were conducted. Student t-test for independent samples was used to compare boys and girls. (3) Results: Proposed models achieved acceptable fit values with moderate correlation between the factors according to the type of MC in actual and perceived MC. Invariant factor structure in boys and girls was revealed. Boys performed and perceived themselves higher in object control than girls, whereas girls showed higher actual and perceived self-movement than boys. (4) Conclusions: The association between actual and perceived MC exists both globally and separately by gender, despite the differences between boys and girls. It is important to consider the role of gender and type of MC in the development of motor competencies, as well as in the strengthening of the children&rsquo, s sense of competence.

The development of motor competencies is one of the most important objectives of physical education, and therefore it is necessary to assess it from a pedagogical approach using valid instruments. The MOBAK battery is designed to assess basic motor competencies in primary education. It differentiates by the stage in the curriculum, and proposes a two-factor structure corresponding to the basic motor competencies of object movement and self-movement. This study has three objectives: to determine the construct validity of three test instruments of the MOBAK battery for assessing motor competencies; to determine how gender, BMI, and age covariates relate to motor competencies; and to examine the level of basic motor competencies of primary school children in Chile. A total of 1,785 children (45.7% girls) were assessed, divided into 1st and 2nd grade (MOBAK 1-2; 559 children; 50.6 % girls), 3rd and 4th grade (MOBAK 3-4; 496 children, 39.3 % girls), and 5th and 6th grade (MOBAK 5-6; 730 children, 46.3 % girls). The construct validity of each section was analysed using the confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA). The results confirm the two-factor structure in all sections of the MOBAK battery, they confirm the relationship between motor competencies and the covariates gender, BMI, and age, and they show that Chilean primary school children have low levels of motor competence, especially in 5th and 6th grade. The MOBAK battery is a suitable instrument for the assessment of basic motor competencies in primary education and is a diagnostic and monitoring tool for pedagogical practices and educational research. El desarrollo de la competencia motriz es uno de los objetivos más importantes de la Educación Física, por lo que es necesario que su diagnóstico se realice desde un enfoque pedagógico, mediante instrumentos válidos. La batería MOBAK ha sido diseñada para la evaluación de las competencias motrices básicas en educación primaria, considerando una diferenciación según el grado curricular, planteando una estructura de dos factores correspondientes a las competencias motrices de control de objetos y control del cuerpo. Este estudio se plantea tres objetivos: determinar la validez de constructo de tres tramos de la batería MOBAK para la evaluación de las competencias motrices; determinar la relación de las covariables sexo, IMC y edad con las competencias motrices; y examinar las competencias motrices básicas de escolares de primaria de Chile. En total 1785 escolares de primaria (45.7 % niñas) fueron evaluados, divididos en el tramo de 1.° y 2.° grado (MOBAK 1-2; 559 escolares, 50.6 % niñas); en el tramo de 3.° y 4.° grado (MOBAK 3-4; 496 escolares, 39.3 % niñas); y en el tramo de 5.° y 6.° grado (MOBAK 5-6; 730 escolares, 46.3 % niñas). analizó la validez de constructo para cada uno de los tramos mediante análisis factoriales confirmatorios (AFC). Los resultados confirman la estructura de dos factores en todos los tramos de la batería MOBAK, confirman la relación de las covariables sexo, IMC y edad con las competencias motrices y evidencian que los escolares chilenos poseen bajos niveles de competencia motriz, especialmente en el tramo de 5.° y 6.° de primaria. La batería MOBAK se presenta como instrumento adecuado para la evaluación de las competencias motrices básicas en educación primaria, sirviendo de herramienta de diagnóstico y seguimiento tanto para las prácticas pedagógicas como para la investigación educativa.

El propósito del estudio fue determinar el nivel de relación entre indicadores antropométricos segmentarios de muscularidad con los niveles de potencia expresados en la fuerza explosiva y elástico-explosiva. Para ello se evaluó a 31 deportistas varones (edad = 15,5 ± 1,7 años; peso = 61,4 ± 11,5 kg) de diversas disciplinas del Programa de Proyección Deportiva Nacional de la Región de Aysén, Chile, a través de los protocolos de la ISAK para las evaluaciones antropométricas y test de Bosco para la valoración de potencia de salto, tras lo cual se observó una alta intensidad de asociación entre potencia absoluta de los saltos SJ y CMJ, y todos los parámetros antropométricos de muslo (r >0,8). Con ello se logró establecer un modelo predictivo del rendimiento en salto mediante 3 mediciones antropométricas. Abstract The purpose of this study was determined the level of relation between anthropometric segmental indicators of muscularity with the power levels expressed in the explosive and elastic strength, to carry it out 31 male athletes were (Age = 15.5 ±1.7 years; Weight = 61.4 ±11.5 kg) of diverse disciplines from the Program of National Sportive Projection of the Region of Aysén-Chile, were evaluated. The protocols of the ISAK for the anthropometric evaluations and Test of Bosco for the assessment of power of jump were followed. Results: An association between absolute power of the jumps SJ and CMJ and all the anthropometric variables of thigh (r > 0,8) it was able to establish a predictive model of the performance in jump by means of 3 anthropometric measurements has been established. Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o nível de relação entre indicadores antropométricos segmentários de muscularidade com os níveis de potência expressados na força explosiva e elástico explosiva. Para tal, avaliaram-se a 31 esportistas varões (idade = 15,5 ± 1,7 anos; peso = 61,4 ±11,5 kg) de diversas disciplinas do Programa de Projeção Esportiva Nacional da Região de Aysén, Chile. Seguiram-se os protocolos da ISAK para as avaliações antropométricas e teste de Bosco para a valoração de potência de salto. Observa-se uma alta intensidade de associação entre potência absoluta dos saltos SJ e CMJ e todas as variáveis antropométricas da coxa (r > 0,8). Estabeleceu-se um modelo preditivo do rendimento em salto mediante três medidas antropométricas.

Background Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries, have been historically under-represented due to the lack of surveillance of physical behaviours in young populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and compare overall physical activity (PA), active transportation to and from school (i.e. walking or cycling), physical education (PE) participation, and sedentary behaviour (SB) in adolescents from 26 countries in LAC. Methods Data were collected in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2007-13). Prevalences for each physical behaviour were compared by sex across the region. Results In total, 64 034 adolescents provided complete data (age range: 11 to 18 years; 47.7% male). Only about 15% of adolescents in LAC countries were physically active (at least 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA) with most countries showing sex disparities. Overall, 41.9% reported being active for transportation to and from school at least 3 days per week. In 12 countries, at least 50% of the adolescents reported sitting ≥3 h per day outside school, and a third of adolescents reported participation in PE classes on 3 days or more per week. Conclusions The study sets a challenge for the LAC region, as physical inactivity and SB are highly prevalent across all countries. Gender inequity was shown in most countries, with boys reporting more active behaviours. Regional and national actions for implementing policies to revert this situation are urgent.

Luis Lopes is supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CEECIND/01089/2017 and FCT/UIDB/00617/2020); Rute Santos is supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CEECIND/01069/2017 and FCT/UIDB/00617/2020); Jorge Mota, Carla Moreira, Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho, Pedro Silva and Eduarda Sousa-Sa are supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT/UIDB/00617/2020); Erik Sigmund is supported by grant No. 19-03276S from the Czech Science Foundation; Irene Esteban-Cornejo is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-095284-J-100) and by the Spanish Ministry of of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027287-I); Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun is supported by the National Commission for Scientific Research and Technology of Chile (CONICYT-FONDECYT 11170525); Jonatan Ruiz is supported by the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016 (Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health [UCEES]), by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), by the Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades (ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR); Antonio Garcia-Hermoso is a Miguel Servet Fellow (Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FSE, CP18/0150)., Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the world., Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology FCT/UIDB/00617/2020 CEECIND/01089/2017 CEECIND/01069/2017, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 19-03276S, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness RTI2018-095284-J-100, Spanish Ministry of of Science and Innovation RYC2019-027287-I, National Commission for Scientific Research and Technology of Chile (CONICYT-FONDECYT) 11170525, University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion, European Commission, Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6107/UGR, Miguel Servet Fellow (Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FSE) CP18/0150

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un problema grave de salud pública, ya que genera resultados adversos para la salud física y mental.Objetivo. Relacionar el estado nutricional con los niveles de autoestima y rendimiento físico en escolares de 8 a 10 años de edad.Materiales y métodos. Participaron 236 escolares: 117 hombres y 119 mujeres, de entre 8 y 10 años de edad, pertenecientes a dos colegios del municipio de Temuco con carácter estatal-municipal. Se evaluó peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de masa/grasa, contorno cintura, condición física, horas de ejercicio físico a la semana y autoestima.Resultados. El 43.6% de los escolares presentó malnutrición por exceso. Los categorizados como obesos (19%) presentaron niveles superiores en masa grasa y contorno cintura (p0.001), además obtuvieron un rendimiento físico menor (p0.05). Las horas realizadas de ejercicio físico a la semana y el nivel de autoestima fueron menores en lo escolares obesos, pero estos no alcanzaron significancia (p≥ 0.05).Conclusiones. La obesidad en edad escolar pone de manifiesto alteraciones asociadas con el rendimiento físico, la masa grasa y las tendencias negativas sobre la autoestima. A pesar de ser una etapa temprana, se pueden apreciar las consecuencias asociadas a esta condición. Introduction: Childhood obesity is a serious public health issue, since it generates adverse results for physical and mental health.Objective: To correlate nutritional status and levels of self-esteem and physical performance in schoolchildren aged between 8 and 10.Materials and methods: 236 students participated, 117 male and 119 female, aged between 8 and 10, from two public schools in the municipality of Temuco. Weight, height, body mass index, mass/fat percentage, waist contour, physical condition, hours of physical exercise per week and self-esteem were evaluated.Results: Overnutrition was documented in 43.6% of the students; children classified as obese (19%) presented higher levels of fat mass and waist contour (p0.001), and also had a lower physical performance (p0.05). The hours of physical exercise per week and the level of self-esteem were lower in obese school children, although this figure was not significant (p≥0.05).Conclusions: Obesity in school-aged children reveals alterations associated with physical performance, fat mass and negative trends on self-esteem. Despite developing at an early stage, the consequences associated with this condition can already be seen.

Introducción: Chile en las últimas décadas ha experimentado un cambio en su perfil epidemiológico nutricional, pasando de una situación caracterizada por una elevada prevalencia de desnutrición y enfermedades infecciosas/parasitarias a otro completamente distinto, en donde las enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas presentan una elevada prevalencia.Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio es elaborar tablas de referencia de aspectos antropométricos y de condición física en estudiantes varones de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de Chillán.Método: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra se compone de 1250 varones con edades entre los 10 y 14 años. Para la confección de las tablas de referencia se utilizó estadística descriptiva y estas fueron divididas en cinco clasificaciones desde muy malo, malo, media, bueno y muy bueno, teniendo como parámetro la edad.Resultados: observamos niveles importantes de sobrepeso que se asociaron con bajo desempeño físico, lo que plantea la urgencia de realizar un seguimiento en el tiempo con herramientas de fácil aplicación como la presente batería; con el fin de detectar a tiempo a los niños que tienen bajos niveles de condición física y tomar medidas orientadas a estimular o mejorar la capacidad física como factores protectores de promoción de la salud y como ayuda en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con el sobrepeso u obesidad.Conclusión: en este trabajo se han establecido valores de referencia para posteriores estudios en cuanto a la condición física orientada a la salud en estudiantes varones de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de Chillán, que permitirán evaluar e interpretar correctamente la condición física orientada a la salud de este grupo etario.

The aim of this study is to show how the students of different cultures perceive their physical education classes. 2748 students (1373 from the Araucania Region in Chile and 1375 from Saarland in Germany) have been surveyed. The students of both countries agree that the “sportive-recreational” aspect is more important than the “social-educational” one, while the Chilean students present higher values than the German students do. In addition, the students of both countries disagree to the statement that physical education is useless for them. The Chilean and German students think that their physical education class is useful. This knowledge can be used as an opportunity to reinforce the generation of positive experiences in class and to consolidate the learning processes. El presente estudio tiene como propósito determinar cómo escolares de diferentes culturas perciben la utilidad de las clases de Educación Física. Fueron encuestados 2748 escolares (1373 de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile; y 1375 del Estado de Sarre, Alemania). Tanto los escolares chilenos como los alemanes reconocen una utilidad “deportivo-recreativa” por sobre una utilidad “socioeducativa”, siendo los chilenos quienes presentan valores más altos que sus pares alemanes; además, ambos grupos manifiestan su desacuerdo en que la Educación Física no les ha servido para nada. Los escolares consideran que sus clases de Educación Física les han sido útiles, lo que se presenta como una oportunidad para reforzar la generación de experiencias positivas en las clases y consolidar los aprendizajes.Educación Física, Estudiantes, Chile, Alemania The utility of physical education according to students from Germany and ChileThe aim of this study is to show how the students of different cultures perceive their physical education classes. 2748 students (1373 from the Araucania Region in Chile and 1375 from Saarland in Germany) have been surveyed. The students of both countries agree that the “sportive-recreational” aspect is more important than the “social-educational” one, while the Chilean students present higher values than the German students do. In addition, the students of both countries disagree to the statement that physical education is useless for them. The Chilean and German students think that their physical education class is useful. This knowledge can be used as an opportunity to reinforce the generation of positive experiences in class and to consolidate the learning processes.Physical Education, Students, Chile, Germany L’utilité de l’éducation physique, selon des étudiants allemands et chiliensL’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la façon dont des étudiants issus de cultures différentes perçoivent l’utilité des classes d’Éducation Physique. 2748 élèves (1373 de la région d’Araucania, au Chili; et 1375 de l’État de Sarre, en Allemagne) ont été interrogés. Les étudiants chiliens et allemands reconnaissent une utilité plus “sportive-récréative” que “socio-éducative”, les valeurs présentées par les Chiliens sont cependant plus élevées que chez les allemands. En outre, les deux groupes expriment leur désaccord quant à l’opinion que l’éducation physique ne leur apporte rien. Dans l’ensemble, les élèves considèrent que les cours d’Éducation Physique ont été utiles, ce qui représente une opportunité pour renforcer les expériences positives en classe et pour consolider les apprentissages.Éducation Physique, Étudiants, Chili, Allemagne A utilidade da educação física segundo estudantes da Alemanha e do ChileO presente estudo tem o objetivo de determinar a forma como estudantes de diferentes culturas percebem a utilidade das aulas de Educação Física. Foram entrevistados 2.748 estudantes (1.373 da região da Araucanía, Chile; e 1.375 do Estado de Sarre, Alemanha). Tanto os alunos chilenos como os alemães reconhecem mais uma utilidade “esportivo-recreativa” que uma “socioeducativa”, e os chilenos apresentam valores mais altos que seus pares alemães; por outro lado, ambos os grupos manifestam seu desacordo com a opinião de que a Educação Física não lhes serve para nada. Os estudantes consideram que suas aulas de Educação Física foram úteis, o que surge como uma oportunidade para reforçar a geração de experiências positivas nas aulas e consolidar as aprendizagens.Educação Física, Estudantes, Chile, Alemanha L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la façon dont des étudiants issus de cultures différentes perçoivent l’utilité des classes d’Éducation Physique. 2748 élèves (1373 de la région d’Araucania, au Chili; et 1375 de l’État de Sarre, en Allemagne) ont été interrogés. Les étudiants chiliens et allemands reconnaissent une utilité plus “sportive-récréative” que “socio-éducative”, les valeurs présentées par les Chiliens sont cependant plus élevées que chez les allemands. En outre, les deux groupes expriment leur désaccord quant à l’opinion que l’éducation physique ne leur apporte rien. Dans l’ensemble, les élèves considèrent que les cours d’Éducation Physique ont été utiles, ce qui représente une opportunité pour renforcer les expériences positives en classe et pour consolider les apprentissages. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de determinar a forma como estudantes de diferentes culturas percebem a utilidade das aulas de Educação Física. Foram entrevistados 2.748 estudantes (1.373 da região da Araucanía, Chile; e 1.375 do Estado de Sarre, Alemanha). Tanto os alunos chilenos como os alemães reconhecem mais uma utilidade “esportivo-recreativa” que uma “socioeducativa”, e os chilenos apresentam valores mais altos que seus pares alemães; por outro lado, ambos os grupos manifestam seu desacordo com a opinião de que a Educação Física não lhes serve para nada. Os estudantes consideram que suas aulas de Educação Física foram úteis, o que surge como uma oportunidade para reforçar a geração de experiências positivas nas aulas e consolidar as aprendizagens.