1. Effect and process evaluation of a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention with a randomized cluster design on sedentary behaviour in 4- to 6-year old European preschool children: The ToyBoxstudy
- Author
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Latomme, Julie, Cardon, Greet, De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse, Iotova, Violeta, Koletzko, Berthold, Socha, Piotr, Moreno, Luis, Androutsos, Odysseas, Manios, Yannis, De Craemer, Marieke, Paw, Mai Chin A., Summerbell, Carolyn, Lobstein, Tim, Annemans, Lieven, Buijs, Goof, Reilly, John, Swinburn, Boyd, Ward, Dianne, Grammatikaki, Eva, Katsarou, Christina, Apostolidou, Eftychia, Efstathopoulou, Eirini, Duvinage, Kristin, Ibrügger, Sabine, Strauß, Angelika, Herbert, Birgit, Birnbaum, Julia, Payr, Annette, Geyer, Christine, De Decker, Ellen, De Henauw, Stefaan, Maes, Lea, Vereecken, Carine, Van Assche, Jo, Pil, Lore, Te Velde, Saskia, Mouratidou, Theodora, Fernandez, Juan, Mesana, Maribel, De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar, González, Esther, Gracia-Marco, Luis, Oves, Beatriz, Yngve, Agneta, Kugelberg, Susanna, Lynch, Christel, Mosdøl, Annhild, Nilsen, Bente B., Moore, Helen, Douthwaite, Wayne, Nixon, Catherine, Kreichauf, Susanne, Wildgruber, Andreas, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Zych, Kamila, Góźdź, Magdalena, Gurzkowska, Beata, Szott, Katarzyna, Lateva, Mina, Usheva, Natalya, Galcheva, Sonya, Marinova, Vanya, Radkova, Zhaneta, Feschieva, Nevyana, Aikenhead, Andrea, Dorgelo, Annemiek, Nethe, Aviva, Jansen, Jan, Gmeiner, Otto, Retterath, Jutta, Wildeis, Julia, Günthersberger, Axel, Gibson, Leigh, Voegele, Claus, Public and occupational health, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Methodology
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Program evaluation ,Male ,Parents ,Computer Games ,Health Behavior ,Psychological intervention ,lcsh:Medicine ,law.invention ,Families ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,PARENTS ,Belgium ,law ,PREVENT OBESITY ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,BALANCE-RELATED BEHAVIORS ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Early childhood ,lcsh:Science ,Bulgaria ,Children ,Multidisciplinary ,Schools ,Data Processing ,4. Education ,Physics ,HEALTH-PROMOTION ,TIME ,Professions ,Quiet ,Child, Preschool ,Physical Sciences ,ACTIVE PLAY INTERVENTION ,Female ,Games ,Information Technology ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Computer and Information Sciences ,education ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,CONTROLLED-TRIAL ,EARLY CHILDHOOD ,White People ,03 medical and health sciences ,Intervention (counseling) ,MEASURED PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY ,Humans ,SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTIONS ,Sedentary lifestyle ,Behavior ,business.industry ,Computers ,lcsh:R ,Repeated measures design ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Teachers ,Acoustics ,Health promotion ,Video Games ,Age Groups ,People and Places ,Physical therapy ,Recreation ,lcsh:Q ,Population Groupings ,Sedentary Behavior ,business ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Background The aim of the present study evaluated the effect and process of the ToyBox-intervention on proxy-reported sedentary behaviours in 4- to 6-year-old preschoolers from six European countries. Methods In total, 2434 preschoolers’ parents/primary caregivers (mean age: 4.7±0.4 years, 52.2% boys) filled out a questionnaire, assessing preschoolers’ sedentary behaviours (TV/DVD/video viewing, computer/video games use and quiet play) on weekdays and weekend days. Multilevel repeated measures analyses were conducted to measure the intervention effects. Additionally, process evaluation data were included to better understand the intervention effects. Results Positive intervention effects were found for computer/video games use. In the total sample, the intervention group showed a smaller increase in computer/video games use on weekdays (s = -3.40, p = 0.06; intervention: +5.48 min/day, control: +8.89 min/day) and on weekend days (s = -5.97, p = 0.05; intervention: +9.46 min/day, control: +15.43 min/day) from baseline to follow-up, compared to the control group. Country-specific analyses showed similar effects in Belgium and Bulgaria, while no significant intervention effects were found in the other countries. Process evaluation data showed relatively low teachers’ and low parents’ process evaluation scores for the sedentary behaviour component of the intervention (mean: 15.6/24, range: 2.5–23.5 and mean: 8.7/17, range: 0–17, respectively). Higher parents’ process evaluation scores were related to a larger intervention effect, but higher teachers’ process evaluation scores were not. Conclusions The ToyBox-intervention had a small, positive effect on European preschoolers’ computer/video games use on both weekdays and weekend days, but not on TV/DVD/video viewing or quiet play. The lack of larger effects can possibly be due to the fact that parents were only passively involved in the intervention and to the fact that the intervention was too demanding for the teachers. Future interventions targeting preschoolers' behaviours should involve parents more actively in both the development and the implementation of the intervention and, when involving schools, less demanding activities for teachers should be developed. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT02116296
- Published
- 2017