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// Luana Mota Martins 1 , Carla Solange de Melo Escorcio Dourado 1 , Larysse Maira Campos-Verdes 1 , Fabiane Araujo Sampaio 1 , Camila Maria Simplicio Revoredo 1 , Danylo Rafhael Costa-Silva 1 , Maria da Conceicao Barros-Oliveira 1 , Elmo de Jesus Nery Junior 1 , Lucia Maria do Rego-Medeiros 2 , Luiz Henrique Gebrim 1 , Francisco Adelton Alves-Ribeiro 1 , Gilmara Peres Rodrigues 1 , Diego Cipriano Chagas 1 , Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro 1 and Benedito Borges da Silva 1 , 2 1 Postgraduate Program, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Biotechnology in Health, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui 64000-020, Brazil 2 Facid / Wyden Differential Integral Medicine Faculty, Department of Mastology, Teresina, Piaui 64052-810, Brazill Correspondence to: Benedito Borges da Silva, email: beneditoborges@globo.com Keywords: breast neoplasms; fibroadenoma; matrix metalloproteinase-2; matrix metalloproteinase-9; immunohistochemistry Received: September 17, 2019 Accepted: November 06, 2019 Published: December 03, 2019 ABSTRACT Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 may play an important role in cell proliferation and dissemination of cancer. However, few studies have compared the expression of these proteins between breast cancer and fibroadenoma. Material and methods A randomized, double-blind study was carried out in 66 premenopausal women, aged 20-49 years, who had been diagnosed with fibroadenoma or breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A, control (fibroadenoma, n=36) and Group B, study (cancer, n=30). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using tissue samples of fibroadenoma and breast cancer to assess MMP-2 and MMP-9 antigen expression. Cells were considered positive if exhibiting brown cytoplasmic staining. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the percentage of cases with cells expressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 in control and study groups (p < 0.05). Results Light microscopy showed a higher concentration of cells with positive cytoplasmic staining for MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in breast cancer than in fibroadenoma. The percentage of cases with cells expressing MMP-2 in the control and study groups was 41.67% and 86.11%, respectively (p < 0.0009), whereas the percentage of cases with cells expressing MMP-9 in groups A and B was 66.67% and 93.33%, respectively (p

O zinco é um elemento multifuncional, essencial para todos os processos fisiológicos, atuando como catalisador, elemento estrutural e regulador. A deficiência do mineral associa-se a quadros patológicos graves que surgem em sua grande maioria em função da deficiência alimentar, presença de compostos quelantes nos alimentos, distúrbios no processo de absorção gastrointestinal ou elevação dos níveis urinários. Há muito tempo o zinco tem sido utilizado como um agente terapêutico no tratamento coadjuvante de várias doenças. A suplementação com zinco demonstrou efeitos benéficos, em situações de dietas pobres em produtos animais ou rica em fitatos e, ainda em indivíduos hipozincêmicos. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre as estratégias de suplementação com zinco em adultos nos últimos dez anos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura que foi desenvolvida com a busca de artigos nas bases de dados Pub Med, Science Direct e Scielo por dois pesquisadores de forma independente. Foram inclusos na revisão, 25 artigos. A forma mais utilizada para suplementação foi o sulfato de zinco (60% dos estudos) e gluconato de zinco em 24% das pesquisas. A dosagem diária variou entre 12 mg e 150 mg de zinco elementar, com duração variando de quatro dias a dezoito meses. O zinco é fundamental para a saúde humana e sua utilização como suplemento tem sido frequente para indivíduos saudáveis e na terapia auxiliar e prevenção de muitas doenças, tendo como principais formas de suplemento o sulfato e gluconato de zinco.

The present study aimed to review the literature on nutritional therapy in patients with COVID-19, highlighting some nutrients with functional potential that can benefit patients in responding to infection and recovery from the disease. It is a simple narrative review, developed from a bibliographic survey, reading of original articles and other reviews on the theme. The articles were retrieved from the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. The main elevated findings are that malnutrition is a frequent feature in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Scientific evidence confirms nutritional therapy as a determinant in the prognosis of patients with COVID-19, with recommendations for hyperprotein supply and adequate content of nutrients with functional potential, such as those considered immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory. It is concluded that a nutritional therapy with an increased supply of protein and rich in immunonutrients, can improve the clinical prognosis of patients with COVID-19. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre terapia nutricional en pacientes con COVID-19, destacando algunos nutrientes con potencial funcional que pueden beneficiar a los pacientes en la respuesta a la infección y la recuperación de la enfermedad. Se trata de una simple revisión narrativa, desarrollada a partir de un relevamiento bibliográfico, lectura de artículos originales y otras revisiones sobre el tema. Los artículos fueron recuperados de las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y Web of Science. Los principales hallazgos elevados son que la desnutrición es una característica frecuente en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2, asociada con una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. La evidencia científica confirma la terapia nutricional como determinante en el pronóstico de los pacientes con COVID-19, con recomendaciones de aporte de hiperproteínas y contenido adecuado de nutrientes con potencial funcional, como los considerados inmunomoduladores y antiinflamatorios. Se concluye que una terapia nutricional con mayor aporte proteico y rica en inmunonutrientes, puede mejorar el pronóstico clínico de los pacientes con COVID-19. O presente estudo objetivou revisar a literatura sobre a terapia nutricional em pacientes com COVID-19, destacando alguns nutrientes com potencial funcional que podem beneficiar os pacientes na resposta à infecção e recuperação da doença. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa simples, desenvolvida a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, leitura de artigos originais e de outras revisões sobre a temática. Os artigos foram recuperados a partir das bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science. Os principais achados mostraram que a desnutrição é característica frequente em pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2, estando associada à morbidade e mortalidade aumentadas. As evidências científicas confirmam a terapia nutricional como determinante no prognóstico do paciente com COVID-19, com recomendações para oferta hiperproteica e teor adequado de nutrientes com potencial funcional, como os considerados imunomoduladores e anti-inflamatórios. Conclui-se que a terapia nutricional com oferta aumentada de proteínas e rica em imunonutrientes, pode melhorar o prognóstico clínico de pacientes com COVID-19.

The present study aimed to investigate in the literature the current knowledge about the relationship between obesity and breast cancer. This is an integrative review carried out by searching for original articles that related obesity and breast cancer, published in the last five years and indexed to the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Of the total recovered, 5 articles were included for full reading because they correspond to the eligibility criteria. It was observed that 40% (n = 2) of the studies pointed to the influence of the metabolic aspects characteristic of the obese, on the etiology of breast cancer, as well as, 20% (n = 1) of the studies demonstrated that altered levels of adiponectin and leptin are associated with the pathogenesis of the neoplasia in question. Despite this, a quote did not observe the effect of obesity on the status of chemotherapy patients. It was concluded that the literature points to the relationship between obesity and breast cancer, although the studies are still considered to be poorly understood.

The study evaluated the dietary intake of zinc and copper, as measured by plasma and erythrocyte concentrations, the Cu/Zn ratio and measure the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase enzyme (eSOD) activity and the relationship between these markers and the degree of dementia in elderly individuals with and without Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A total of 93 elderly people aged 60-94 years were divided into two groups: with AD (n=44) and without AD (n=49). The NINCDS-ADRDA criteria were used for diagnosing AD, and dementia staging was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. The dietary intake of Zn and Cu was obtained from a standard 3-day food record. Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of the minerals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and by measuring eSOD activity in an automatic biochemical analyzer. The results showed dietary intake of Zn and Cu above the reference values with no differences observed between the two groups (p>0.05). Plasma and erythrocyte normocupremia as well as alteration in the Zn pool, with its reduced plasma concentrations and high in the erythrocytes, were observed in both groups (p>0.05). The plasma Cu/Zn ratio were not significantly different in patients with and without AD (p>0.05). The eSOD activity was high in both patient groups (p>0.05). However, among elderly patients with AD there was a positive correlation between this marker and dementia severity. According to our study results, we conclude that plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of Cu and Zn, as well as Cu/Zn ratio among elderly individuals is not related to Alzheimer's Disease. However, antioxidant activity of eSOD is associated with dementia severity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between rs17576 (MMP-9) polymorphism and increased cancer risk in a Brazilian breast cancer cohort. METHODS: This study included 141 women (71 breast cancer patients and 70 controls without breast cancer) who donated 3 mL of their peripheral blood for genomic DNA extraction. This DNA was then genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The AG (rs17576) genotype was identified in 26 (18.43%) participants in the case group and in 22 (15.60%) participants in the control group (p=0.274), while the GG genotype was identified in ten (7.09%) participants in the case group and in one (0.70%) participant in the control group (p