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Background Patients with mental disorders have high rates of co-existing alcohol use disorder and vice versa. Alcohol use disorder has emerged as a major challenge to intervene patients with severe mental disorders. It is under-recognized and has not been investigated well in low-income countries like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associate factors of alcohol use disorder among patients with severe mental disorders attending psychiatric follow-ups at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A total of 384 patients with severe mental disorders selected by a systematic random sampling technique took part in the interviews for this cross-sectional study. The alcohol use disorder identification test was used to assess the problem. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were computed to examine the associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for reporting the result. Results The prevalence of alcohol use disorder among patients with severe mental disorders was 36.2%. Of the participants, 23.5%, 8.6%, and 4.1% had hazardous, harmful alcohol drinking and alcohol dependency, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, male sex, younger age, psychotic and bipolar disorder diagnoses, having poor social support, moderate and high perceived stress, and current tobacco smoking were factors significantly associated with alcohol use disorder. Conclusion The prevalence of alcohol use disorder among patients with severe mental disorders was found to be high. Early intervention and integrating treatment services for co-existing mental disorders and alcohol use disorder is important. The special treatment, where it is offered for young male patients and those with the diagnosis of psychotic and bipolar disorders, is recommended to promote the uptake of alcohol and mental health treatment services.

Helen Lamesgin Endalew,1 Bikis Liyew,2 Tilahun Kassew,3 Gebrekidan Ewnetu Tarekegn,4 Ambaye Dejen Tilahun,2 Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh4 1Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Bikis LiyewDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, EthiopiaTel +251932731964Email biksliyew16@gmail.comBackground: Myocardial infarction is the fifth leading causes of disability-adjusted life years in low-income countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to construct a hypothetical model to determine the factors affecting the health-related quality of life of myocardial infarction survivors at the cardiac center Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, and 421 myocardial infarction patients were enrolled through consecutive sampling technique from the outpatient clinic at the cardiac center of Ethiopia. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF-26 tool was used to assess the problem. It consists of four domains such as physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental health domains. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was employed using STATA-14 software to examine the relationship between various exogenous and endogenous or mediating variables with overall quality of life.Results: Psychological, physical, environmental health domains and sex had significant association with health-related quality of life (β=0.708, p< 0.001, β= 0.237, p=0.046, β=0.242, p=0.020, and β=0.189, p=0.017, respectively), whereas age had direct, negative association with health-related quality of life (β=− 0.007, p=0.026). Residence and level of education were not directly associated with health-related quality of life. Residence indirectly, negatively influenced health-related quality of life (β= − 0.379, p< 0.001). On the other hand, level of education indirectly, positively affects health-related quality of life (β=i0.133, p< 0.001).Conclusion: Psychological health factors had the most substantial causal effect on health-related quality of life, which was larger than the causal effects of physical and environmental health-related factors. Developing and providing comprehensive interventions are necessary to assess and manage psychological, physical, and environmental health factors and to improve the quality of life in myocardial infarction patients.Keywords: health-related quality of life, myocardial infarction, structural equation model, Ethiopia

Background. Needlestick and sharp injuries are a big risk to the health of nurses. Every day, nurses face the likelihood that they will injure themselves. Although many injuries will have no adverse effect, the possibility of acquiring infections like hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus can cause untold psychological harm. Nurses are in danger of injuries caused by needlestick and sharp instruments in hospitals. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of needlestick and/or sharp injuries among nurses working at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 268 nurses working at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from February to March 2018. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to spot factors associated with needlestick and/or sharp injury. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Result. The prevalence of needlestick and/or sharp injuries among nurses was 36.2% (95% CI 30.2%, 42.3%). Presence of contaminated needles and/or sharp materials in the working area ( AOR = 2.052 (95% CI 1.110, 3.791)), needle recapping after use ( AOR = 1.780 (95% CI 1.025, 3.091)), working in the pediatric ward ( AOR = 0.323 (95% CI 0.112, 0.930)), and being female ( AOR = 0.461 (95% CI 0.252, 0.845)) were significantly associated with needlestick and/or sharp injury at p value of ≤0.05. Conclusion and Recommendation. The proportion of needlestick and/or sharp injury was high among nurses. The safety of nurses depends directly on the degree to which nurses can identify and control the numerous occupational hazards specific to jobs. Thus, working unit specific safety precautions, a safe working environment, and appropriate needle and sharp disposal improve nurses’ safety practices and thereby decrease the injuries.

Background. Physical restraint is a common practice in the intensive care units which often result in frequent skin laceration at restraint site, limb edema, restricted circulation, and worsening of agitation that may even end in death. Despite the sensitivity of the problem, however, it is felt that there are nurses’ evidence-based practice gaps in Ethiopia. To emphasize the importance of this subject, relevant evidence is required to develop protocols and to raise evidence-based practices of health professionals. So, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and influencing factors of nurses regarding physical restraint use in the intensive care units in northwest Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was maintained from March to September 2019 at Amhara regional state referral hospitals, northwest Ethiopia. A total of 260 nurses in the intensive care units were invited to take part in the study by a convenience sampling technique. The Level of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Staff regarding Physical Restraints Questionnaire was used to assess the nurses’ knowledge and attitude. Linear regression analysis was employed to examine the influencing factors of knowledge and attitude. Adjusted unstandardized beta (β) coefficient with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the result of association with a p value Result. The mean scores of nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding physical restraint use among critically ill patients were 7.81 ± 1.89 and 33.75 ± 6.50, respectively. These mean scores are above the scale midpoint nearer to the higher ranges which imply a moderate level of knowledge and a good attitude regarding physical restraint. Lower academic qualification and short (Conclusion. The nurses working in the intensive care unit had a moderate level of knowledge and a good attitude regarding physical restraint use. So, developing and providing educational and in-service training to the nurses regarding physical restraint are necessary to strengthen the quality of care for critically ill patients.

Background: Due to the increasing availability of antiretroviral treatment, HIV infected children are living longer which points out the necessity of disclosure. And which is important to support the uptake and adherence to treatment. Disclosure is an important measure to prevent secondary transmission when children are sexually active. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV positive status disclosure and associated factors among human immune virus-infected children in pediatric antiretroviral treatment clinics in Gondar town public health facilities. Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 449 primary caregivers of children aged 6–15 years in regular follow-up at pediatric ART clinics in Gondar town public health facilities between March 3, 2018, to April 25, 2018. All subjects in the study area were included in the study. Data was collected in 5 pediatric ART clinics in Gondar town by structured questionnaires through face to face interview and supplemented by chart review to obtain some clinical factors. The variables which have an association with disclosure were identified on the basis of AOR, with 95%CI and p-value 10 years [AOR = 5.88, (95% CI: 3.52, 9.81)], duration on ART [AOR = 2.67 (95% CI: 1.59, 4.51)], place of follow-up [AOR = 2.23 (95% CI: 1.27, 5.01)] and educational status of caregiver [AOR = 3.00 (95% CI: 1.62, 5.56)] were identified variables. Conclusion: The prevalence of disclosure found to be low. Therefore appropriate measure should be taken to promote disclosure. Keywords: Children, Disclosure, Ethiopia, Gondar, Health facilities

Background. In the intensive care units, patients need special consideration and monitor frequently with appropriate physical assessment skills. Nurses working in the intensive care units play a fundamental role in detecting patients at risk of deterioration through ongoing assessment and action in response to changing health status. Most of the nursing activities were poorly assessed in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the nurses’ practice and barriers to physical assessment among critically ill patients in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at Amhara regional state referral hospitals from March to September 2019. A total of 299 nurses working in the intensive care units were recruited through the convenience sampling method. A 30-item physical assessment practice and 36-item barriers to nurses’ use of the physical assessment scale inventory were used. The linear regression analysis model was fitted, and the adjusted unstandardized beta (β) coefficient with a 95% confidence interval was used. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The mean score of the nurses’ practice towards physical assessment among critically ill patients was 101.26 ± 24.99 . Greater perceived reliance on others and technology ( β = − 0.78 , 95% CI (-1.07, -0.48)), ward culture ( β = − 0.48 , 95% CI (-0.85, -0.11)), specialty area ( β = − 1.46 , 95% CI (-2.01, -0.90)), lack of nursing role model ( β = − 0.54 , 95% CI (-1.06, -0.02)), being unmarried ( β = − 6.10 , 95% CI (1.75, 10.46)), taken training ( β = 11.53 , 95% CI (6.34, 16.72)), and knowledge score ( β = 2.81 , 95% CI (2.00, 3.63)) were the factors significantly associated with the nurses’ practice score towards physical assessment. Reliance on others and technology towards physical assessment practice was the most important barrier followed by ward culture and specialty area. Conclusion. Nurses working in the intensive care units had a good practice towards physical assessment among critically ill patients. Hence, to increase the practice towards physical assessment in intensive care settings, especially for married nurses, experienced critical care nurses, and specialist professionals, practice support training, modifying ward environment, and educational support care are recommended.

Introduction. Nurses working in the intensive care unit play an essential role in detecting patients at risk of deterioration through ongoing assessment and action in response to changing health status. Objectives. To assess knowledge, attitude, and associated factors towards physical assessment on critically ill patients among nurses working in the intensive care unit at Amhara regional state referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. The research hypothesis: there is poor physical assessment knowledge, poor physical assessment attitude, and there are factors that are likely to affect nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards physical assessment providing this care to critically ill patients at Amhara regional state referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 299 nurses from March to September 2019. A convenience sampling method was used. Data were entered by using Epi Info 7.2.2 and analyzed by using STATA 14. The result was computed by descriptive statistics and to explore predictors of knowledge, and attitude linear regression analysis models were fitted, and the adjusted unstandardized beta (β) coefficient at 95% CI was used. A p-value β = 0.84, 95% CI (0.16, 1.52)] and taken training [β = 1.85, 95% CI (1.14, 2.56)] were factors positively associated with knowledge, whereas has taken training [β = 4.13, 95% CI (2.82, 5.44)], total years of experience [β = 0.59, 95% CI (0.25, 0.93)], and knowledge [β = 0.92, 95% CI (0.0.72, 1.12)] were factors positively associated with attitude towards physical assessment. Conclusion. Based on the result of this study, the knowledge and attitude towards physical assessment regarding critically ill patients among nurses working in intensive care units were good. Hence, training, educational support services, and awareness are recommended to encourage nurse’s knowledge and attitude towards physical assessment.

Abere Woretaw Azagew,1 Hiwot Kassa Woreta,1 Ambaye Dejen Tilahun,2 Degefaye Zelalem Anlay3 1Department of Medical Nursing, 2Emergency and Critical Nurse Unit, 3Community Health Unit, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar,Ethiopia Background: HIV/AIDS are pressing global health problems. Pain is a common symptom reported by patients living with HIV/AIDS. The exact cause of pain in HIV patients has not been thoroughly described, but it may, due to a symptom of HIV itself, result from opportunistic infections, as a side effect of antiretroviral drugs, concurrent neoplasia or other causes. In addition, pain perception of HIV-infected patients is highly variable and may vary based on cultural context and patient demographics. In Ethiopia, there is insufficient evidence on the prevalence and factors associated with HIV-related pain.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 adult HIV-infected patients at Gondar University Hospital antiretroviral care clinic from March 1 to May 1, 2016. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and a standardized medical record data abstraction tool were used to collect data. A short form brief pain inventory tool was used to measure the outcome. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with pain among adult HIV patients.Results: The prevalence of pain was found to be 51.2% (95% CI: 46.4%–55.9%). Headache (17.9%), abdominal pain (15.6%), and backache (13.3%) were the most common symptoms of study participants. Being female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.9); regular alcohol intake (aOR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.5–7.2); baseline World Health Organization clinical disease stage: II (aOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–4.9), III (aOR=2, 95%, CI: 1.1–3.6), and IV (aOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.3); and the presence of a chronic comorbid condition (aOR=5.9, 95% CI: 2.1–16.7) were significantly associated with pain.Conclusion: Adult HIV patients in this sample reported a high level of chronic pain. Health-care providers should better implement a routine pain assessment among HIV-positive patients to alleviate their suffering. Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, sub-saharan Africa, Ethiopia, pain, prevalence&nbsp