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Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-05-01 Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Brazilians form one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world, as the result of five centuries of miscegenation between its native populations with migrants from Europe, Africa and Asia. The present study intended to characterize the frequencies of mtDNA haplotypes in a dataset of 306 individuals from Brasília, Federal District of Brazil. Brasília was built from scratch in the late 1950s and its construction attracted migrants from different regions of Brazil, mostly from Central-West, Northeast and Southeast regions. Due to its formation, its population is admixed. The goal of this study was to collect mtDNA population data and contribute to databases for a better use of mtDNA for forensic purposes. The haplotypes are available at EMPOP website under accession number EMP00695. Polícia Federal Instituto Nacional de Criminalística Laboratório de Investigação de Paternidade UNESP-FCFAr Polícia Federal Superintendência da Polícia Federal no Rio Grande do Sul Laboratório de Investigação de Paternidade UNESP-FCFAr

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) X-chromosomal markers can be useful in some forensic cases, where the analysis of the autosomal markers is not conclusive. In this study, a population sample of 500 unrelated individuals born in São Paulo State was characterized for 32 X-InDel markers. No deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected, except for MID1361. The 32 X-InDels showed an accumulated power of discrimination of 0.9999999999993 in females and 0.99999993 in males and an exclusion chance of 0.999996 in trios and 0.99995 in duos. São Paulo showed lower genetic distances to the Colombian admixed and European populations than to Native American, Asian, or African populations. Ancestry analysis revealed 41.8% European, 31.6% African, and 26.6% Native American contributions. Segregation analysis was performed in 101 trios, and the mutation rate was estimated to be low. Laboratory of Paternity Investigation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Research Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD) State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Laboratory of Paternity Investigation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 16/10138-8 CAPES: number

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T00:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 Initial data about the population of the Center-West Brazil region for mtDNA CR were published in 2019. From this group, 74 samples were selected from individuals who shared haplotypes. The purpose was to analyze the complete mtDNA by Massively Parallel Sequencing and to evaluate if it is possible to differentiate these haplotypes. Libraries were created for all samples and to date 22 samples were sequenced by the Illumina system. Analyzing only the CR, 8 haplotypes were identified in these 22 samples. The complete mtDNA analysis allowed the identification of 16 haplotypes, 6 of which were shared by two samples each, that is, the diversity of haplotypes in this sample increased. In addition, we identified some genetic variants not reported in the EMPOP in mtDNAs classified in haplogroups A2, B2, L2a1f and L0a2a2a. Laboratório de Investigação de Paternidade UNESP-FCFAr Polícia Federal Instituto Nacional de Criminalística Laboratório de Investigação de Paternidade UNESP-FCFAr

A collaborative effort was carried out by the Spanish and Portuguese Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GHEP-ISFG) to promote knowledge exchange between associate laboratories interested in the implementation of indel-based methodologies and build allele frequency databases of 38 indels for forensic applications. These databases include populations from different countries that are relevant for identification and kinship investigations undertaken by the participating laboratories. Before compiling population data, participants were asked to type the 38 indels in blind samples from annual GHEP-ISFG proficiency tests, using an amplification protocol previously described. Only laboratories that reported correct results contributed with population data to this study. A total of 5839 samples were genotyped from 45 different populations from Africa, America, East Asia, Europe and Middle East. Population differentiation analysis showed significant differences between most populations studied from Africa and America, as well as between two Asian populations from China and East Timor. Low FST values were detected among most European populations. Overall diversities and parameters of forensic efficiency were high in populations from all continents., Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-03 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Short tandem repeats (STRs) are genetic markers largely employed in forensic analysis and paternity investigation cases. When an inconsistency between the parent and child is considered as a possible mutation, the mutation rate should be incorporated into paternity index calculations to give a robust result and to reduce the chance of misinterpretation. The aim of this study was to estimate the mutation rates of 20 autosomal STRs loci used for paternity tests. In these loci we analysed 29,831 parent-child allelic transfers from 929 duo or trio paternity tests carried out during 2012?2016 from São Paulo State, Brazil. We identified 35 mutations in 16 loci, and they were more frequent in the paternal germline compared to the maternal germline. The loci with the highest rate were vWA and FGA and the ones with the lowest rate were PENTA E, PENTA D, D21S11, D7S820 and D6S1043. We did not identified any mutation in D2S1338, TH01, TPOX and D16S539 loci. All mutations consisted of losses or gains of one repeat unit. Mutation rates found in the São Paulo population have peculiarities, which justifies the use of regional databases in laboratories. Laboratory of Paternity Investigation São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory of Paternity Investigation São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Y chromosome markers have been widely studied due to their various applications in the fields of forensic and evolutionary genetics. In this study, 35 Y-SNPs and 17 Y-STRs were genotyped in 253 males from the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. A total of 18 haplogroups and 243 haplotypes were detected; the haplogroup and haplotype diversities were 0.7794 and 0.9997, respectively. Genetic distance analysis using the Y-STR data showed no statistically significant differences between Espirito Santo and other admixed populations from Brazil. The classification of paternal lineages based on haplogroups showed a predominant European contribution (85.88 %), followed by African (11.37 %) and Amerindian (2.75 %) contributions.

The Y-STRs have high mutation rates, being useful to discriminate unrelated males. They are widely used in paternity and forensic investigations to study the recent history and migration movements of populations. Recently, the YfilerPlus was released to increase discrimination inside populations, by adding 9 Y-STRs to the previous Yfiler version. The genetic composition of Brazil is known to vary through 5 geopolitical regions: South, Southeast, North, Northeast and Central-west. Therefore, for this study, samples from Maranhao, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul were characterized for the Y-STR markers present in YfilerPlus kit, to evaluate if diversity increases with the enlargement of the Yfiler set, and if significant differences exists among populations. Genetic differentiation analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in the YfilerPlus haplotype composition of the studied samples. High diversities were observed in all samples for both Yfiler and YfilerPlus marker sets. Inside populations, 20 haplotypes were shared by two individuals for the Yfiler-STRs. This number decreases to 14 when using the 25 Y-STRs from the YfilerPlus. The YfilerPlus demonstrated an increased discrimination power in comparison to the Yfiler kit, being suitable for forensic applications in the studied Brazilian populations, for which data were not yet available.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-29T05:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Sao Paulo state is one of the Brazilian states with the highest cultural and ethnic miscegenation, mainly of Italian and Portuguese descendants, but also strongly influenced by Amerindians, Africans, Spanish, Germans, Arabs and Japanese, as well as the high number of immigrants from the northeast region. In this work we analyzed statistical data of three STRs markers (D22S1045, D2S441 and D10S1248) that are used in our laboratory's forensic routine for paternity investigations. The use of these data will be extremely important for the laboratory to perform statistical analyzes for the conclusion of the reports. We analyzed 221 samples obtained from unrelated individuals born in the Sao Paulo state, which the allele frequencies and statistical parameters were estimated with PowerStats version 12 (Promega Corp.). The power of discrimination (PD) and power of exclusion (PE) for the D10S1248 marker were 0.914 and 0.576 respectively and the allele 14 showed the highest frequency (0.294) and 8, 10, 18 and 19 alleles presented the lowest frequency (0.002). PD and PE of the D2S441 marker were 0.907 and 0.551 respectively; the highest frequency allele was 11 (0.312) and the lowest frequency alleles were 9 and 12.3 (0.002). The marker D22S1045 showed PD 0.890 and PE 0.489 with a higher frequency allele 16 (0.373) and lowest frequency allele 8 (0.002). Also, significant differences were found between the Sao Paulo population and the other populations for the three markers analyzed. Sao Paulo State Univ, Lab Patern Invest, Araraquara, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Lab Patern Invest, Araraquara, Brazil

The Southeast region of Brazil is the main economic region, the most populous and with the major cultural and genetic miscegenation of the country. Due to its historical context, it mainly includes descendants of Portuguese and Italians, but also has strong influence of Native americans, Africans, Spaniards and Germans. The influence of Arabs and Asians is very small. In this work, the ancestral proportions of the population of the Southeast region were evaluated through a genetic data compilation with diverse markers (Y-SNPs, AIM-INDELs, mtDNA and X-INDELs) in individuals from the states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo, which form this region. The proportion of paternal lineages (Y-SNPs) with European origin is much higher (86.57%), being 10.86% of African origin and 1.98% native American. Instead, the proportion of African origin (44.1%) predominates in the maternal lineages (mtDNA), followed by Native American with 29.2%, European with 26.2% and only 0.5% for Asian. With the autosomal AIM-INDELs the ancestral proportion obtained was 59.12% European, 28.12% African and 12.76% Native American. The autosomal chromosomes tend to reflect an average between the ancestry proportions of the Y chromosome and mtDNA. No Asian ancestry was identified with these markers. In preliminary analyzes with X-INDELs in samples from Sao Paulo, we found the following ancestral proportions: 29.4% African, 49.7% European and 20.9% Native American. This genetic miscegenation occurred since the formation of this region, when Portuguese colonizers mated with native women and later with slaves brought from Africa.