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The work investigates neural network model for prediction of post-surgical treatment risks. The descriptors of the risk classifiers are formed on the basis of the analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of one, two and three biologically active points. The training and verification samples were formed by examining 120 patients with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Of these, 62 patients were successfully operated on (class C1), 30 had various complications after surgery (class C2), 28 patients required additional treatment (class C3). The constructed classifiers showed a high quality of predicting critical conditions during surgical treatment.

This research focuses on the evaluation of risk of cardiovascular diseases in persons at various functional states using monitoring stress indicators and developing fuzzy logic model. The model classifies responses in four classes. The physical records of 400 workers were analysed (100 persons for each of four classes). Risk of cardiovascular disease is evaluated using two groups of several characteristics: (1) the subjective test questionnaires and indicators describing the human attention, (2) the level of the functional state can be used as indicator in forecasting and diagnosis, which can be measured by psychological tests to determine the state of human attention. The accuracy of prediction and early detection of cardiovascular and nervous system diseases were estimated in a similar way and it was found out that the use of indicators characterising a person's functional state system improves the quality of classification for these diseases by 10 ± 2% for prediction and diagnostic decision rules.

Regular physical exercise and healthy lifestyle can improve aerobic power of the elderly, although lung capacity gradually deteriorates with age. The aims of the study are: a) to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a treadmill exercise program on arterial blood oxygenation (SaO2), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum walking distance (MWD) in healthy elderly people; b) to examine the outcome of the program at a supervised short-term and at an unsupervised long-term. A prospective, not-randomized controlled intervention trial (NRCT) was conducted. Eighty participants were allocated into two homogeneous groups (training group, TG, n = 40; control group, CG, n = 40). Each group consisted of 20 men and 20 women. Pre-intervention measures of SaO2, VO2max and MWD were taken of each participant 1-week before the training program to establish the baseline. Also, during the training program, the participants were followed up at the 12, 30 and 48th week. The exercise program consisted of walking on a treadmill with fixed 0 % grade of inclination 3 times weekly for 48 weeks; the first 12 weeks were supervised and the remaining 36 weeks of the program were unsupervised. Participants in the control group were encouraged to walk twice a week during 45 min, and received standard recommendations for proper health. Related to the baseline, the SaO2, VO2max, and MWD is greater in the intervention group at the 12th (p

1.1.Background: Hemodialysis is still the most common renal replacement therapy (RRT) modality in end stage renal disease patients (ESRD), the first problem to be faced when choosing hemodialysis for patients with ESRD is the vascular access, dia­lysis delivery should be adequate not only to improve quality of life but also to prolong sur­vival, quality of life adjusted for life expectancy defined kt/v of 1.3 as the optimal cost-effective dialysis, An ideal access delivers a flow rate to the dialyzer adequate for the dialysis prescription, has a long use-life, and has a low rate of complications (eg, infection, stenosis, thrombosis, aneurysm, and limb ischemia). Of available accesses, the surgically created fistula comes closest to fulfilling these criteria, working fistula must have all the following characteristics; blood flow adequate to support dialysis which usually equates to blood flow greater than 600 ml/min, a diameter greater than 0.6 cm, with a location accessible for cannulation and a depth of approximately 0.6 cm (ideally between 0.5 and 1cm) from the skin surface. In hemodialysis patients with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), access failure is primarily due to fistula stenosis, which predisposes to thrombosis and subsequent access loss. The risk for access failure differs individually, Fistula stenosis is histologically characterized by endothelial cell injury and intimal hyperplasia induced by factors like TNF-α, which could induce proliferation of vascular smooth muscles leading to subsequent intimal hyperplasia. Resulting in fistula stenosis and subsequent access failure. TNF-alpha influences the risk for hemodialysis access failure in diabetic ESRD patients there is advanced calcified atherosclerosis which leads to frequently inadequate arterial inflow and eventually also to venous run-off problems. So ESRD patients with diabetes have worse access survival rates and hemodialysis adequacy. 1.2.Methods:The study was conducted to 60 ESRD patients divided to group I (30 Diabetic ESRD patients on HD) and group II (30 Non - diabetic ESRD patients on HD). We estimate serum TNF-alpha in all patients. Assess AVF by Doppler U/S and estimate hemodialysis adequacy by using single pool Kt/v. 1.3.Results: We found that serum TNF-alpha level is significantly elevated in diabetic group, Kt/v is significantly decreased in diabetic group, AVF vein diameter was statistically significantly decreased in diabetic group, we also found that TNF-alpha was statically positively significant with duration of dialysis, FBG and lastly we found that TNF-alpha may affect hemodialysis adequacy adversely particularly in diabetic ESRD patients on HD 1.4.Conclusion:TNF-alpha is significantly elevated in diabetic ESRD patients on HD, vein diameter was significantly decreased in diabetic ESRD patients on HD.TNF-alpha is significantly positive correlated with duration of dialysis and duration of arteriovenous fistula so TNF -alpha may affect hemodialysis adequacy adversely particularly in diabetic patients on HD.

Beck’s (1979) cognitive triad postulates that depressed and dysphoric individuals hold negative, automatic thoughts about the self, the world and the future. Despite the central role of this hypothesis in the cognitive theory for depression, this prediction has rarely been studied outside of the Western world. This study examined the relationship between dysphoria and a number of inventories designed to assess negative cognitions, in 336 participants from Egypt (n 150) and Canada (n 186). Dysphoric individuals in both countries harbored significantly more negative thoughts toward self, world and future than nondysphoric individuals. Additionally, Egyptian participants showed significantly more negative thoughts toward self and world than their Canadian counterparts even after controlling for dysphoria. This investigation supports the cross-cultural validity of the cognitive theory for depression. Strengths and limitations of the current study, as well as areas for future research, are discussed.

Introduction Models of depression that arise in the West need to be examined in other regions of the world. This study examined a set of foundational hypotheses generated by Beck’s cognitive model of depression among depressed individuals in Egypt and Canada. Method We recruited 29 depressed and 29 non-depressed Egyptians and compared their results with those of 35 depressed and 38 non-depressed Canadians. Depression status was ascertained using a structured interview, scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, and scores on the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Participants completed questionnaires designed to measure the frequency of negative and positive automatic thoughts (ATQ–N, BHS, and ATQ–P), and dysfunctional attitudes (DAS). Results Depressed individuals in both countries had significantly more negative thoughts about self and future, greater frequency of dysfunctional attitudes, and diminished positive self-thoughts in comparison to non-depressed individuals. Egyptians generally showed significantly more dysfunctional attitudes than their Canadian counterparts. Discussion The four hypotheses that were tested were supported among the depressed Egyptian sample, which is consistent with the cognitive model. Implications for the cognitive-behavioral model and treatment for this group of sufferers are discussed.