1. An Overview on the Potential Hazards of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Fish, with Special Emphasis on Cypermethrin Toxicity
- Author
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Mayada R. Farag, Nallely Rivero-Perez, Ahmed G. A. Gewida, Yaser S. Binnaser, Mohammed A.E. Naiel, Mahmoud S. Amer, Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Rana Muhammad Bilal, Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida, Mahmoud Alagawany, and Kuldeep Dhama
- Subjects
mortalities ,Veterinary medicine ,Review ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Cypermethrin ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aquatic plant ,parasitic diseases ,neurotoxicity ,SF600-1100 ,oxidative stress ,Shellfish ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Pyrethroid ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,health ,Pesticide ,Fungicide ,chemistry ,QL1-991 ,Agriculture ,Toxicity ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,Zoology ,harmful effects - Abstract
Simple Summary Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in controlling agricultural insects and treatment of ectoparasitic infestation in farm animals. However, the unhygienic disposable and seepage of pyrethroids from the agricultural runoff will lead to contamination of the aquatic ecosystems, which will, in turn, induce harmful toxic effects in the exposed living aquatic organisms, including fish. Cypermethrin (CYP) is a commonly and widely used type II pyrethroid insecticide with known dangerous toxic effects on the exposed organisms. Serious hazardous effects of these toxicants have been reported in several fish species leading to high mortalities and economic losses of the exposed fish. Abstract Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests, such as aquatic weeds, insects, aquatic snails, and plant diseases. They are extensively used in forestry, agriculture, veterinary practices, and of great public health importance. Pesticides can be categorized according to their use into three major types (namely insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides). Water contamination by pesticides is known to induce harmful impacts on the production, reproduction, and survivability of living aquatic organisms, such as algae, aquatic plants, and fish (shellfish and finfish species). The literature and information present in this review article facilitate evaluating the toxic effects from exposure to various fish species to different concentrations of pesticides. Moreover, a brief overview of sources, classification, mechanisms of action, and toxicity signs of pyrethroid insecticides in several fish species will be illustrated with special emphasis on Cypermethrin toxicity.
- Published
- 2021