1. Brain activation patterns in medicated versus medication-naïve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during fMRI tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching
- Author
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Jatta Berberat, Luca Remonda, Achmed Pircher, Ruth Huggenberger, Philipp Gruber, Karl-Olof Lövblad, Hanspeter E. Killer, and Margherita Montali
- Subjects
Male ,genetic structures ,Intelligence ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Parietal Lobe ,Diagnosis ,Attention ,education.field_of_study ,05 social sciences ,Parietal lobe ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Frontal Lobe ,lcsh:R855-855.5 ,Visual Perception ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Medical technology ,Population ,Neuroimaging ,ddc:616.0757 ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,Diagnosis, Differential ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,ADHD ,Adults ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,education ,Functional MRI ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Corpus Striatum ,Clinical trial ,Institutional repository ,Group analysis ,nervous system ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Case-Control Studies ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Background Adult-attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder (ADHD) is often unrecognized condition. FMRI examination along with neuropsychological testing might strengthen the diagnosis. We hypothesized that ADHD-adults with and without medication would show different fMRI pattern compared to healthy controls while testing tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching. Methods 45 subjects in three age-matched groups: (1) controls, (2) ADHD-adults under medication (ADHD+) and (3) medication-naïve adults with ADHD (ADHD−) underwent fMRI and neuropsychological testing. Group analysis and population-based statistics were performed. Results DTVP-A, intellectual ability as well as attention capability, visual-perceptual and visual-motor abilities showed no significant differences between the groups. However, fMRI revealed statistically significant differences between the ADHD+, ADHD− and control groups on tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching on adults in bilateral fronto-striatal brain regions, inferior fronto-frontal, fronto-cingulate and fronto-parietal networks as well as in the parietal lobe (p Conclusions fMRI offers the potential to differentiate between the ADHD+, ADHD− and control groups. FMRI possibly opens a new window for monitoring the therapeutic effect of ADHD medication. Trial registration NCT02578342, registered at August 2015 to clinical trial registry (https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT02578342).
- Published
- 2021