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The effects of EGR on the carbon-containing functional groups in PM were determined by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. A TG analyzer was used to determine the effects of EGR on the components and oxidative activity of PM. The results show that the use of EGR in the diesel engine had a minor influence on the types of carbon-containing functional groups in the PM; however, it did affect their relative contents. As the EGR rate increased, the aromatic and graphitized carbon contents of the PM gradually decreased, and the contents of the oxygen-containing and aliphatic C H functional groups increased, which strongly promoted the oxidative activity of the PM. The percentage of soot in the PM decreased with the use of EGR, while the percentages of water and volatile organic matter increased. In addition, the volatile emission temperature TSOF1 gradually decreased, and the trends in the initial volatile combustion temperature TSOF2, the soot ignition temperature Ti, and the burnout temperature Th were consistent with that in the volatile emission temperature. Both the combustion and burnout characteristic indices gradually increased as the EGR rate grows. Instead, the activation energy decreased dramatically, and the energy required for PM to react decreased with the increase of EGR rate.

Silicon is one of the most promising anode candidates for the next generation Li-ion batteries. Polymer binders play a crucial role as they are very essential to keep mechanical integrity of the electrodes and affect the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) properties. Alginate appears to be the best binder system for Si electrode and it is able to form three-dimensional (3D) conductive polymeric network through in-situ inter-chain cross-linking by divalent cations. Herein, the effects of different cross-linking cations (Cu2+, Ca2+, Fe2+ and Ni2+) on the electrochemical behavior of silicon nano-sized particle anodes with alginate binder are investigated. It is found that all the alginate networks bridged by the transition metal cations are able to tolerate the volume change of silicon and effectively restrict the volume expansion of the Si particles. The overall electrochemical properties of the Si anode with Ni cations cross-linked alginate exhibit the highest reversible capacity, extraordinary cycleability and superior rate capability. The main reason for the electrochemical enhancement is explained by the improved stability of SEI film on the Si surface.

For the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), accurate prediction of the remaining use life for the power batteries under actual operating conditions is of great significance to the battery power state of charge (SOC) estimation, as well as to the reliability and safety. However, there is little study available to evaluate the battery degradation behavior in real applications. Current battery degradation model is mostly established based on laboratory condition. In such case, charging/discharging scenarios are mostly constant across the battery cycle, and thus, they may be not a good representative of the working condition of the Ni-MH in real application where charging/discharging are frequently altered. Therefore, in this paper, the cycle life degradation characteristics of Ni-MH batteries for HEVs were studied, and an experienced model of cycle life is established based on the data from the real-world driving settings. The cycle life results indicated that the capacity loss is strongly impacted by the charge and discharge rate (C-rate), temperature, and depth of discharge (DOD). A large cycle test matrix is used to collect battery life data to build the model. The test matrix parameters include temperature (25 °C, 45 °C, 55 °C), DOD (0.5, 0.8, 1) and C-rate (1C, 2C, 5C). To verify the reliability of the life model applied to the HEV, the equivalent cycle life test verification of the real vehicle road spectrum was carried out. The test results show that the model can characterize the battery's decay process well.

High power cylindrical Ni-MH battery cells have a heavy heat load because of their high discharge rate and large equivalent internal resistance. This heavy heat load, together with an imbalanced flow in parallel liquid cooling systems, can lead to variances in the temperature of each cell in the entire battery pack, thereby reducing the life cycle of the battery pack. In this paper, a parallel-series combined liquid cooling system for a 288V Ni-MH battery pack was designed, and several parameters that influence the flow balance of the system by heat transfer and fluid dynamics were calculated. Then, a thermal-fluid simulation was executed with different parameters using StarCCM+ software, and the simulation results were validated by a battery pack temperature experiment on a bench and in a vehicle. The results indicate that the cell&rsquo, s temperature and temperature differences can be kept within an ideal range. We also determined that within the battery power requirements and structural spacing limits, the total flow rate of the cooling liquid, the cross-sectional area ratio of the main pipe to the branch pipes, and the number of internal supporting walls in each branch pipe need to be large enough to minimize the cell&rsquo, s maximum temperature and temperature differences.

MoO 3 is now utilized as a promising catalyst due to its high activity and favorable mobility at low temperature. Its spectral data and surface microstructures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Thermo-analysis of the carbon black was performed over nano-MoO 3 catalyst in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at various heating rates and soot-catalyst ratios. Through the analysis of kinetic parameters, we found that the heat transfer effect and diffusion effect can be removed by setting lower heating rates and soot-catalyst ratios. Therefore, a strategy for selecting proper thermogravimetric parameters were established, which can contribute to the better understanding of thermo-analytical process. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reserved Received: 4 th December 2016; Revised: 13 rd June 2017; Accepted: 9 th April 2017 ; Available online: 27 th October 2017; Published regularly : December 2017 How to Cite : Mei, C., Mei, D., Yue, S, Chen, Z., Yuan, Y. (2017). Optimized Heating Rate and Soot-catalyst Ratio for Soot Oxidation over MoO 3 Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis , 12 (3): 408-414 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.845.408-414