1. Soft-Grasping With an Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand Using Spiking Neurons
- Author
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Arne Roennau, Katharina Secker, Jacques Kaiser, Rüdiger Dillmann, and J. Camilo Vasquez Tieck
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Control and Optimization ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,grasping ,Biomedical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,03 medical and health sciences ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0302 clinical medicine ,motor primitives ,Artificial Intelligence ,Control theory ,robot sensing systems ,medicine ,Computer vision ,media_common ,Spiking neural network ,Robot kinematics ,Inverse kinematics ,spiking neurons ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Deep learning ,DATA processing & computer science ,GRASP ,Stiffness ,robot kinematics ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Integrated circuit modeling ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Grippers ,Robot ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,ddc:004 ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Imitation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Evolution gave humans advanced grasping capabili- ties combining an adaptive hand with efficient control. Grasping motions can quickly be adapted if the object moves or deforms. Soft-grasping with an anthropomorphic hand is a great capability for robots interacting with objects shaped for humans. Neverthe- less, most robotic applications use vacuum, 2-finger or custom made grippers. We present a biologically inspired spiking neural network (SNN) for soft-grasping to control a robotic hand. Two control loops are combined, one from motor primitives and one from a compliant controller activated by a reflex. The finger primitives represent synergies between joints and hand primitives represent different affordances. Contact is detected with a mech- anism based on inter-neuron circuits in the spinal cord to trigger reflexes. A Schunk SVH 5-finger hand was used to grasp objects with different shapes, stiffness and sizes. The SNN adapted the grasping motions without knowing the exact properties of the objects. The compliant controller with online learning proved to be sensitive, allowing even the grasping of balloons. In contrast to deep learning approaches, our SNN requires one example of each grasping motion to train the primitives. Computation of the inverse kinematics or complex contact point planning is not required. This approach simplifies the control and can be used on different robots providing similar adaptive features as a human hand. A physical imitation of a biological system implemented completely with SNN and a robotic hand can provide new insights into grasping mechanisms.
- Published
- 2021
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