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This study focused on evaluating the lubricity of diesel–biodiesel fuel with oxygenated alcoholic and nano-particle additives. Fuel injection system lubrication depended primarily on the fuel used in the diesel engine. Palm–sesame oil blend was used to produce biodiesel using the ultrasound-assisted technique. B30 fuel sample as a base fuel was blended with fuel additives in different proportions prior to tribological behavior analysis. The lubricity of fuel samples measured using HFRR in accordance with the standard method ASTM D6079. All tested fuels’ Tribological behavior examined through worn steel balls and plates using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess wear scar diameter and surface morphology. During the test run, the friction coefficient was measured directly by the HFRR tribometer system. The results exhibited that B10 (diesel) had a very poor coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter, among other tested fuels. The addition of oxygenated alcohol (ethanol) as a fuel additive in the B30 fuel sample decreased the lubricity of fuel and increased the wear and friction coefficient, among other fuel additives. B30 with DMC showed the least wear scar diameter among all tested fuels. B30 with nanoparticle TiO 2 exhibited the best results with the least wear scar diameter and lowest friction coefficient among all other fuel samples. B30+DMC demonstrated significant improvement in engine performance (BTE) and carbon emissions compared to different tested samples. B30+TiO2 also showed considerable improvement in engine characteristics.

The major source of fuel for compression ignition engine is diesel. Because of its non-renewable nature, unavailability, more pollution nature, importing charges of diesel is becoming costlier nowa...

The present research work primarily focuses on the extraction of mango seed biodiesel from the waste mango seeds through transesterification process. Preliminary tests were conducted with diesel an...

India being a predominantly farming country requires major attention for the fulfilment of energy demands for agriculture applications. Biodiesel is a clean burning renewable fuel. In this proposed...

Transportation sector and industrialization both are having a major impact on the economic development and ecological nuisance of any country across the globe. NOx is the highly toxic gas, ...

The search for a substitute fuel has prompted numerous discoveries, so a wide variety of alternative fuels are available for engine applications. The present proposed work explores the viability of...

The aim of this experimental investigation is to analyse the performance and emission characteristics of spark ignition engine running on petrol doped with various additives. Additives used in this...

The depletion of petroleum resources, rise in fuel prices and stringent emission norms over diesel engines play a vital role in economic development of country like India, which attracts the resear...

The increased transportation and industrialisation sectors running on fossil fuels lead to depletion of petroleum resources and environmental contamination. In these days, biodiesel has turned into...

The rapid intensification of transportation and industrialisation sectors results in greater depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental contamination. The exploit of biodiesel is environm...

This work examines the feasibility of fuelling biodiesel derived from water hyacinth in a compression ignition engine. This work also proposes water hyacinth biodiesel (WHB) as a potential alternative energy source since the above species is available extensively in freshwater, marine and aquatic ecosystems throughout the world. WHB was blended with petroleum diesel fuel at various volume proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100% and their properties were analyzed as per ASTM standards for its application as biofuel in diesel engine. The prepared test fuels were analyzed experimentally in a single cylinder diesel engine at constant speed (1500 rev/min) for its performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Test results projected that, the characteristics of 20% WHB +80% diesel fuel blend was in par with neat diesel fuel in terms of thermal efficiency, HC, CO and smoke emissions. However, WHB blends resulted in slightly higher levels of CO2 and NOx emissions. At full load, the attained cylinder pressure and heat release rate of WHB blends were closer to the diesel fuel. Thus, the present work identifies the novel water hyacinth biodiesel as a viable biofuel for diesel engine applications towards sustainable environment.

The present experimental work focuses on the influence of injection timing on torroidal re-entrant chamber design in a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with ternary fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blend. Ternary fuel is transformed to a high performance fuel (HPF) by addition of alumina nano additives. Experiments were conducted on HPF subjected to various injection timings of 21obTDC (Retarded injection timing), 22obTDC (Retarded injection timing), 23obTDC (standard injection timing) and 24obTDC (advanced injection timing) respectively at torroidal re-entrant combustion chamber design (TRCC) and were compared with base fuel diesel. Based on experimentation, it is observed that, BTE is lowered for 21obTDC and 24obTDC by 4.53% and 1.22% while highest BTE of about 33.8% is achieved for 22obTDC in comparison with other blends such as DIESEL-HCC23 (32.75%), HPF-TRCC21 (31.41%) and HPF-TRCC24 (32.53%). Lowest BSEC profile was achieved for HPF-TRCC22. HPF-TRCC22 resulted in lowered HC and CO emissions of about 9.18% and 16.83% in comparison with HPF-TRCC23. HPF-TRCC21 resulted in lowered NOx emissions by 22.53% along with higher HC and CO emissions by 6.13% and 20.51% in comparison with HPF-TRCC23. Cylinder pressure and HRR of HPF-TRCC22 stays at an acceptable range of 75.42 bar and 85.34 J/deg. CA in comparison with other test blends.

The present experimental work focuses on the combined effect of nano additives, combustion chamber geometry and injection timing in a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with ternary fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blends. Ternary fuel (TF) is doped with alumina nano additives and the resulting fuel is termed as high performance fuel (HPF). HPF is subjected to different combustion chamber geometries and TRCC (torroidal re-entrant combustion chamber) geometry is found to be effective among other geometries. HPF operated at TRCC chamber is subjected to four different injection timings namely, 21obTDC (HPF-TRCC21), 22obTDC (HPF-TRCC22), 23obTDC (HPF-TRCC23) and 24obTDC (HPF-TRCC24) respectively. BTE is lowered for HPF-TRCC21 and HPF-TRCC24 by 4.53% and 1.22% while highest BTE of about 33.8% is achieved for 22obTDC in comparison with other blends such as DIESEL-HCC23 (32.75%), HPF-TRCC21 (31.41%) and HPF-TRCC24 (32.53%). Lowest BSEC profile was achieved for HPF-TRCC22. HPF-TRCC22 resulted in lowered HC and CO emissions of about 9.18% and 16.83% in comparison with HPF-TRCC23. HPF-TRCC21 resulted in lowered NOx emissions by 22.53% along with higher HC and CO emissions by 6.13% and 20.51% in comparison with HPF-TRCC23. Cylinder pressure and HRR of HPF-TRCC22 stays at an acceptable range of 75.42 bar and 85.34 J/deg CA in comparison with other test blends. The DIESEL-RK theoretical simulation results are compared with the experimental study conducted at the same operating conditions and its revealed that TRCC combustion chamber geometry is better for enhanced performance and combustion characteristics.

This chapter focuses on enhancing the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a novel biodiesel blend-a mix of diesel (80%) and tamarind seed oil (20%), represented as tamarind seed methyl ester (TSME) with alumina oxide (Al2O3), Carbon nano tubes (CNT), and Cerium oxide(CeO2) considered as potential nanoparticles. These were added to TSME at concentration of 50 ppm and were uniformly dispersed in the biodiesel blend with the help of a magnetic stirrer as well as an Ultrasonicator to attain stable suspension. The immersed nanoparticles in the tamarind seed oil blend exhibit multiple advantages such as an enhanced air-fuel mixing, better oxidation process, larger surface area to volume ratio results in higher brake thermal efficiency, as well as a significant reduction in smoke opacity, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions.

The present experimental work is focused on the use of Taguchi method to evaluate the optimum intake parameters to obtain the enhanced engine performance characteristics of diesel engine fuelled wi...

The limitations and ramifications of petroleum fuel on the present environmental society raised the necessity of alternative fuel. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel and its ability to red...

The present research work focuses on the influence of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the characteristics of the diesel engine operated with 20% tamarind seed methyl ester (TSME 20) as t...

The present work is dedicated to the experimental analysis on the influence of fuel borne additives on ternary fuel blend operated in a single cylinder DI diesel engine. Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were chosen as fuel additives at dosing levels of 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm respectively and the ternary fuel (TF) is prepared by blending 70% diesel, 20%Jatropha biodiesel and 10% ethanol. Performance characteristics like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), emission characteristics like HC, CO, NOx and smoke along with combustion characteristics like cylinder pressure, HRR (Heat release rate) and CHRR (Cumulative heat release rate) were considered for analysis. Based on experimentation, it is observed that, TF blended with 20 ppm alumina nano additive (TF20) resulted in higher BTE and lowered BSEC by 7.8% and 4.93%, lowered HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions by 5.69%, 11.24%, 9.39% and 6.48% in comparison with TF. Moreover, TF20 resulted in higher cylinder pressure, HRR and CHRR of about 72.67 bar, 76.22 J/oCA and 1171.1 J respectively which are higher than diesel and TF. Hence, it is concluded that addition of 20 ppm alumina nano additive in TF can enhance the engine performance and combustion as well as lower the exhaust pollutants simultaneously.

Rapid depletion of petroleum resources, surge in fuel prices and stringent emission norms play a key role on economic development of a country like India in terms of energy efficiency, which attracts the researchers to search for novel alternative fuel for diesel. The work reported here focuses on the effect of various oxygenated additives such as diethyl ether, dimethyl ether and dimethyl carbonate to 20% tamarind seed methyl ester (TSME 20) biodiesel blend of different concentrations (6% and 12%) on volume basis to examine engine characteristics. The test results revealed that 12% diethyl ether added TSME20 is shown considerable enhancement in brake thermal efficiency, which is 4.22% higher over tamarind biodiesel blend. Similarly, TSME20 DEE 12 has shown significant reductions in harmful engine tailpipe emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke opacity which are noted to be about 10.68%, 33.33%, 10.33% and 27.72% respectively when compared to diesel fuel at full load. Further, the DIESEL-RK theoretical simulation results are compared with the experimental values, conducted at the same operating conditions and it is inferred that 12% diethyl ether addition to TSME 20 has shown promising engine characteristics both experimentally and theoretically.