1. Computing and estimating the number of n-ary Huffman sequences of a specified length
- Author
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Rebecca Fehribach, Jordan Paschke, and Jeffrey Burkert
- Subjects
Prefix code ,Discrete mathematics ,Full n-ary tree ,Sequence ,Linear difference equations ,Code word ,Binary number ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Huffman’s algorithm ,16. Peace & justice ,Huffman coding ,Pseudorandom binary sequence ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,symbols ,Code (cryptography) ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Order (group theory) ,Mathematics - Abstract
An n-ary Huffman sequence of length q is the list, in non-decreasing order, of the lengths of the code words in a prefix-free replacement code for a q-letter source alphabet over an n-letter code alphabet, optimal with respect to some probability (relative frequency) distribution over the source alphabet, meaning that the code minimizes the average number of code letters per source letter. Here we extend a theorem in [E. Norwood, The number of different possible compact codes, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory (October) (1967) 613-616] about the case n=2 to arbitrary n>=2. The theorem permits the recursive computation of the number, h(q,n), of different n-ary Huffman sequences of length q, and the estimation of h(q,n), which turns out to grow geometrically with q, for each n>=2. Upper and lower estimates of h(q,n) are given for [email protected][email protected]?6. For instance, c"1(1.75488)^[email protected]?h(q,2)@?c"2(1.83929)^q for some constants c"1,c"2; this result significantly tightens the estimates of h(q,2) in [J. Burkert, Simple bounds on the numbers of binary Huffman sequences, Bull. Inst. Combin. Appl. 58 (2010) 79-82].
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