Search

Microgrid (MG) represents one of the major drives of adopting Internet of Things for smart cities, as it effectively integrates various distributed energy resources. Indeed, MGs can be connected with each other and presented as a system of multimicrogrid (MMG). This paper proposes the optimal operation of MMGs by a cooperative energy and reserve scheduling model, in which energy and reserve can be cooperatively utilized among MMGs. In addition, values of Shapely are introduced to allocate economic benefits of the cooperative operation. Finally, a case study based on a system of MMGs is conducted, and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative scheduling model. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) Accepted version

In this paper we study the European power system for 2050 from both the expansion and the operation perspectives. First, the generating and storage capacity to be built is decided by solving a multi-stage investment model taking into account the uncertainty related to the investment costs and the demand growth. Stochastic programming is used to represent this decision-making problem under uncertainty. Second, the daily operation of the resulting European power system is analyzed. A two-stage stochastic-programming problem is proposed to model the day-ahead energy and reserve markets in the first stage, and the real-time operation in the second stage. At this level, the uncertainty of the hourly available wind and solar power and the demand level is considered. The numerical results indicate that an European power system mainly based on solar and onshore wind power is possible at a reasonable cost if storage units are also installed. The total new generating capacity to be built up to 2050 will be around 881 GW, which leads to an investment cost of at least 1622 billion euros. The possibility of wind, solar and storage units to provide a certain reserve capacity allows to reduce the participation of thermal units. Therefore, a 77% reduction in the CO2 emissions respect to 1990 may be achieved in 2050. Finally, unserved demand is found in few countries only in 75 hours of the year, while the average daily energy prices are stable and comparatively low among the countries.

This paper proposes a system model for optimal dispatch of the energy and reserve capacity\ud considering uncertain load demand and unsteady power generation. This implicates uncertainty\ud in managing the power demand along with the consideration of utility, user and environmental\ud objectives. The model takes into consideration a day-ahead electricity market that involves the\ud varying power demand bids and generates a required amount of energy in addition with reserve\ud capacity. The lost opportunity cost is also considered and incorporated within the context of expected\ud load not served. Then, the effects of combined and separate dispatching the energy and reserve are\ud investigated. The nonlinear cost curves have been addressed by optimizing the objective function\ud using robust optimization technique. Finally, various cases in accordance with underlying parameters\ud have been considered in order to conduct and evaluate numerical results. Simulation results show\ud the effectiveness of proposed scheduling model in terms of reduced cost and system stability.