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In brain storm optimization (BSO), the convergent operation utilizes a clustering strategy to group the population into multiple clusters, and the divergent operation uses this cluster information to generate new individuals. However, this mechanism is inefficient to regulate the exploration and exploitation search. This article first analyzes the main factors that influence the performance of BSO and then proposes an orthogonal learning framework to improve its learning mechanism. In this framework, two orthogonal design (OD) engines (i.e., exploration OD engine and exploitation OD engine) are introduced to discover and utilize useful search experiences for performance improvements. In addition, a pool of auxiliary transmission vectors with different features is maintained and their biases are also balanced by the OD decision mechanism. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified on a set of benchmarks and is adopted to resolve the quantitative association rule mining problem considering the support, confidence, comprehensibility, and netconf. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is very powerful in optimizing complex functions. It not only outperforms previous versions of the BSO algorithm but also outperforms several famous OD-based algorithms.

In Software Defined-Content Delivery Networks (SD-CDN), the policies of tenants such as Youtube, Netflix, Office 365, etc. are not the same due to having different 5G traffic requirements for such contents as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency (URLLC) and massive machine-type communication (mMTC). This leads SD-CDN multi-tenant slicing to provide different services with limited network resources, where each tenant can functionally manage their own virtual slice of a physical component according to service level agreements (SLAs). However, they are not permitted to dynamically configure their own components. Therefore, the physical end-to-end configuration of all edge devices causes extra hardware and bandwidth costs. Although software as a service (SaaS) is more preferred to handle cost-efficiency on a switch configuration that increases forwarding throughput (Mbps) with a less number of physical components in SD-CDN, the edge devices can be only served as infrastructure as a service (IaaS) currently. This motivation leads us to serve the switch as a service that includes both IaaS and SaaS characteristics. Therefore, we propose an OpenFlow as a service (OFaaS) design where each tenant has flow management and switch configuration permissions on their own virtual slice. In flow management, we define a novel Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) to orchestrate OFaaS driven topology by isolating each tenant from physical complexity. Here, each tenant can dynamically alter QoS on a flow and load balance between a sub-set of contents via OpenFlow protocol. In switch configuration; a novel OFaaS Management Algorithm for a multi-tenant slicing increases the number of tenants served per OpenFlow switch thanks to OFaaS design. It enables an end-to-end configuration via the NETCONF protocol with a novel YANG model of OFaaS. According to performance evaluation; OFaaS has the same forwarding throughput as conventional IaaS based OpenFlow switch for a homogenous content, whereas it has 71% more forwarding throughput (Mbps) and it has 40% more cost-efficient than conventional one for a heterogeneous content with $17 savings per tenant.

Network Operators has been dealing with the necessity of a dynamic network resources 2 allocation to provide a new generation of customer-tailored applications. In that sense, Telecom 3 providers have to migrate their BSS/OSS systems and network infrastructure to more modern 4 solutions to introduce end-to-end automation and support the new use cases derived from the 5 5G adoption and transport network slices. In general, there is a joint agreement on making this 6 transition to an architecture defined by programmable interfaces and standard protocols. Hence, 7 this paper uses the iFusion architecture to control and program the network infrastructure. The 8 work presents an experimental validation of the network slicing instantiation in an IP/Optical 9 environment using a set of standard protocols and interfaces. The work provides results of the 10 creation, modification and deletion of the network slices. Furthermore, it demonstrates the usage 11 of standard communication protocols (Netconf and Restconf) in combination with standard YANG 12 data models.

The new manufacturing production model puts forward the demand for the integration of industrial IT networks and OT networks. The proposal of TSN and DetNet standards makes it possible to converge IT and OT. In the future, TSN and DetNet will combine to become a new industrial network paradigm, making industrial heterogeneous networks a converged and interconnected IP-supporting network. Therefore, it is necessary to perform unified addressing on industrial heterogeneous networks to support indiscriminate addressing and communication between devices. Since DHCP is not suitable for industrial network scenarios, this paper proposes an IPv6 address assignment and management mechanism, which assigns specific IPv6 addresses to industrial network devices based on their characteristic information, and uses the NETCONF protocol to uniformly manage the configuration information during the address assignment process. The mechanism proposed in this paper assigns IPv6 addresses for industrial IP networks and non-IP networks uniformly, achieving IPv6-based undifferentiated addressing and laying a foundation for the seamless integration and fusion of industrial networks and the Internet.

Telecom operators’ infrastructure is undergoing high pressure to keep the pace with the traffic demand generated by the societal need of remote communications, bandwidth-hungry applications, and the fulfilment of 5G requirements. Software-defined networking (SDN) entered in scene decoupling the data-plane forwarding actions from the control-plane decisions, hence boosting network programmability and innovation. Optical networks are also capitalizing on SDN benefits jointly with a disaggregation trend that holds the promise of overcoming traditional vendor-locked island limitations. In this work, we present our framework for disaggregated optical networks that leverages on SDN and container-based management for a realistic emulation of deployment scenarios. Our proposal relies on Kubernetes for the containers’ control and management, while employing the NETCONF protocol for the interaction with the light-weight software entities, i.e., agents, which govern the emulated optical devices. Remarkably, our agents’ structure relies on components that offer high versatility for accommodating the wide variety of components and systems in the optical domain. We showcase our proposal with the emulation of an 18-node European topology employing Cassini-compliant optical models, i.e., a state-of-the-art optical transponder proposed in the Telecom Infrastructure Project. The combination of our versatile framework based on containerized entities, the automatic creation of agents and the optical-layer characteristics represents a novel approach suitable for operationally complex carrier-grade transport infrastructure with SDN-based disaggregated optical systems. This research was funded Spanish Government: ONOFRE-2 project under Grant TEC2017-84423-C3-2-P (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Go2Edge project under Grant RED2018-102585-T; and by the European Commission: METRO-HAUL project (G.A. 761727).

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of network protocols for control and management of optical networks and optical network equipment as seen in current trends. This paper presents the YANG data modeling language and its associated RESTCONF/NETCONF protocols. Later, it details multiple data models used in optical networks, such as IETF TEAS, ONF Transport API, OpenROADM, and OpenConfig. It also presents multiple protocols for telemetry (i.e., YANG PUSH, gRPC, and gNMI). Later, a zero-touch SDN controller architecture for multiple standard-defining organizations (SDOs) is presented, to support the usage of multiple protocols in a zero-touch optical network. Finally, the presented protocol implementations are experimentally evaluated and compared in terms of latency and overhead. The paper explores the use of these protocols (e.g., in research, demonstrations, and open-source optical networking projects) and provides results and recommendations for their integration in equipment and networks.

The security concerns are a very important aspect of the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) concept since the security is not a built-in feature in the architecture. The decoupling of the data plane from the control plane has created completely new loopholes specific to the SDN. Using Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) for topology detection in SDN brings some of these new specific vulnerabilities, such as link discovery attack in the southbound interface. The problem concerns every implementation that uses the LLDP-like packets for link discovery. Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) together with YANG (yet another new generation) modeling language, used as a southbound interface (SBI) in the SDN can help to defend off this attack. This paper proposes the specific usage of NETCONF protocol and modeling abilities of the YANG language. The given enhancement will enable the network controller to recognize the link discovery attack threats.

IoT is often associated with low-power wireless, where best-effort communication is sufficient for many of its applications. Yet, in particular in Industrial IoT, strict quality of service (QoS) guarantees are required to enable deterministic real-time applications. Hence, wired communications are still predominant here, with Ethernet having become the main media for the industrial fieldbuses such as PROFINET, EtherCAT, or the emerging Field-Level Communications (FLC) of OPC UA. With the addition of Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), an IEEE standards family for deterministic networking over Ethernet, Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) can converge even at the shopfloor, as TSN-enabled Ethernet allows for several traffic types to co-exist in the same network. This paper proposes an extension to the W3C Web of Things (WoT) for semantics-enabled connectivity, which allows to cover application QoS requirements and network configuration within the W3C WoT abstractions. We contribute a QoS vocabulary for the W3C WoT Thing Description as well as design and open-source implementation of protocol bindings for OPC UA and NETCONF. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls when designing new protocol bindings for W3C WoT.

The rapid growth of IoT (Internet of Things) makes life better, but it can be a burden for IoT users to manage heterogeneous IoT devices in a timely and appropriate manner. In this paper, we propose an IoT device configuration translator for IoT-cloud services that enables IoT users who do not have expertise in IoT environments to efficiently configure their IoT devices. The user's high-level configuration based on natural language is delivered to the translator in IoT-cloud platform using NETCONF (Network Configuration Protocol). The translator, which is designed with three components using automata theory and database mapping information, translates the high-level configuration into a low-level configuration applicable to the IoT devices. This allows IoT users to configure their IoT devices without considering which protocols and platforms they work on.

Part 1: Regular Papers; International audience; Next generation networks – spanning from wide area networks to intra-datacenters – are expected to encompass devices and sub-devices from different vendors. Inter operability and vendor neutrality are now key topics for researchers and companies as a way to reduce costs avoiding to be tied to a single vendor. Also the management system is expected to be disaggregated from the hardware and possibly developed by a different company. An example is the white box, which disaggregates the software from the hardware and can be composed of modules from different vendors. Currently, NETCONF – based on YANG – is the protocol considered for the (re)configuration of white boxes. Discussions are being carried on to identify commonly agreed information models to guarantee vendor-neutral configuration and management of next generation networks.In addition, emerging services (e.g., 5G) will impose the involvement of a variety of technologies (e.g., networks, datacenters) and resources (e.g., compute, storage, radio). Such heterogeneity will imply the cooperation of several business actors to bring services to the users. In such a scenario, the management of resources will require their abstraction in order to satisfy confidentiality as well as to increase scalability and, again, to provide information that is neutral with respect to the related vendor and technology.In this paper, we propose to use NETCONF also for the exchange of resource information among different business actors considering the several network segments (wide area network, data centers, radio segment) involved in a 5G vertical. To this purpose, resource abstraction is proposed based on a YANG data model. An experiment will involve the (re)configuration of a wide area network composed of white boxes. Moreover, resource information (virtual links) will be exchanged through NETCONF with the objective of orchestrating resources.

Use of disaggregated equipment in optical transport networks is emerging as an attractive solution to bring flexibility and break vendor lock-in dependencies. The disaggregation process requires standard protocols and interfaces between the control plane and network equipment. NETCONF has been selected as the standard protocol, and multiple initiatives are currently working on the definition of standard models for each type of data plane device. Different levels of disaggregation of the data plane are under evaluation, and it is still not clear up to which level it will be useful to disaggregate the data plane. The disaggregation of optical networks yielded the development of several controllers based on software-defined networking concepts, providing an environment for creating and deploying networking application on optical networks. Among them, the Open Network Operating System (ONOS) controller features the most active community with the recent establishment of the Open and Disaggregated Transport Network (ODTN) working group, specifically focused on the introduction of required functionality to control and monitor disaggregated transport networks. This paper reports on the state-of-the-art, potentials, and limitations of the ONOS controller applied to disaggregated optical networks with specific focus on the ongoing activities within the ODTN working group. Then, the paper describes a set of experiments performed on a setup including both emulated and real optical devices controlled with ONOS. The performed experiments consider both the establishment of a connectivity service and the recovery of the connectivity in case of failure on the data plane. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America

Sliceable transponders (S-BVTs) are expected to increase flexibility of elastic optical networks by providing multiple independent optical flows that can be routed based on operators needs and traffic. The support of several transmission modes (e.g., modulation format, coding, baud rate) also enables to adapt the transmission to the physical layer characteristics. Thus, a proper control of the S-BVT configuration is mandatory, as well as the monitoring of optical flows and the management of monitoring information. NETCONF, based on YANG modeling language, is emerging as a software defined networking protocol supporting configuration messages as well as messages to exchange monitoring information within the management system. This paper presents control and management of sliceable transponders through NETCONF and YANG. Three operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) procedures are presented to guarantee the maintenance of services in the presence of faults or physical layer degradations: centralized , hierarchical , and a scheme based on preprogrammed OAM. A YANG model enabling the preprogrammed OAM is proposed. Simulations show that hierarchical and preprogrammed OAM provide faster reaction time to degradations.

Recent technological advances in the telecommunications industry have led to discovering the limitations of traditional communication networks and, in this context, to the emergence of a new paradigm that tries to mitigate them, namely software defined networking (SDN). SDN is beginning to infiltrate all the aspects of a network, and all kind of networks, from LANs, campus, enterprise, or mobile operator networks. Since this field is not mature yet, the interest from the academia and industry is very strong, thus having the right tools for research is critical. In this respect, mininet is a very good simulator of software defined networks. A software switch that can emulate optical extensions of SDN has emerged and has been integrated with mininet: LINC-OE. There is a need in the research community for a software switch that can be integrated with mininet and used to emulate wireless transport networks. This paper proposes a solution for that need by extending the LINC-OE for wireless transport: LINC-WE. In this context, two approaches are considered: the first is emulating the wireless links between two nodes and the other is integrating the LINC switch with a NETCONF server, for being able to expose a wireless transport device information model for simulations.

Today, home appliances like air-conditions, ovens, refrigerators, and washing machines, become more and more intelligent, enabling homeowners to monitor and manage them remotely. However, the plethora of different and usually proprietary interfaces provided by the manufacturers makes it difficult to build smart home and smart city applications that involve the concurrent remote management of multiple home appliances. In this work, we categorize the basic characteristics of the available intelligent home appliances and propose YANG models that describe these characteristics. NETCONF experimental demonstrations are carried out to display the control and management capabilities of the technologies applied.

With the emerge of the software-defined networking paradigm, the Internet Engineering Task Force has standardized a new network configuration management protocol called NETCONF. Besides all features required for configuration management, the NETCONF is suitable for time-sensitive networking, since it provides event notification, validation capabilities, and filtering mechanisms. Knowing all of this, there must be a NETCONF client developed in any programming language running on any platform. However, there is no NETCONF client developed in C++ programming language for both Windows and Linux. In this article, such an implementation is described.

In a new paradigm of software-defined networking, NETCONF protocol takes a completely new role. The NETCONF protocol existed before the new paradigm of programmable networks and used in various purposes. In a domain of the programmable network, it is used as a southbound interface. With the YANG (yet another new generation) modeling language, NETCONF protocol has the ability to model configuration data for network elements. The lack of resources in embedded systems forces network developers to minimize data models on the network elements. In this paper the communication between client and server on NETCONF protocol, as well as usage of the YANG models to overcome the resource shortages, are described.

We present an SDM network and node architecture based on sliceable spatial-mode, spatial-core and spectral transceivers, and a centralized SDN controller with NETCONF and TAPI for the management of SDM super-channels by multiple NFVorchestrators.

Network connectivity in the current industrial sector is becoming more and more complex with the widespread adoption of diverse technologies to fulfill technical requirements. A complete overview of the network is not readily available and often not up-to-date due to the complex topology and heterogeneity in multi-vendor networks. Constraints like these make the management of devices in such networks difficult and troublesome. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging network paradigm which decouples the control and data plane and provides a centralized logical controller for management of network operation by introducing the ability to program the network. However, the inclusion of all the information still remains a burden due to the heterogeneous nature of the network. This paper analyzes existing methods in order to obtain actual and detailed topology information of the network system and also analyzes the potential of SDN for legacy devices.

We propose an approach based on local reconfigurations for restoration in disaggregated SDN optical networks. The approach is innovative since it does not involve the controller during the failure without requiring distributed path computation intelligence.

ONOS discovers and manages a topology made of Transponders and a dedicated OLS, using standard protocols (NETCONF/RESTCONF) and models (OpenConfig/TAPI). The demo is a joint collaboration, towards production deployment, between 3 operators and 2 equipment vendors., © 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

The proposed demonstration will showcase a live testing of the northbound API on optical DCI equipment which is compliant with the NETCONF network configuration protocol and OpenConfig YANG data models.

Next generation networks are evolving towards disaggregated schemes, where the structure of the optical nodes presents multiple components to be combined and built into a complete solution (i.e., white-box concept). In such a scenario, operators and service providers are supporting vendor neutrality to enhance devices interoperability, simplify the control-plane operation and reduce network costs. OpenConfig is a working group of network operators focused on the definition of a set of vendor-neutral data models allowing dynamicity and programmability of the infrastructure by means of software-defined networking paradigm. Moreover, the telemetry functionality is a novel solution for network monitoring in which real time data and statistics are efficiently streamed from devices.In this paper, we propose an open-source implementation of an OpenConfig NETCONF agent enhanced with telemetry. The adoption of the gRPC-based telemetry allows the streaming of monitoring parameters from the transponders. In fact, the controller is able to request the streaming of one or more selected parameter(s), on demand and with proper granularity, in order to detect and localize the presence of a fault or identify hardware degradation. The implemented telemetry-enabled NETCONF agent for transponders has been experimentally validated over an Elastic Optical Networks (EON) scenario, highlighting the main functionalities and the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

Configuration of network devices is a challenging problem, due to the enormous number of devices and the diversity of parameters not only among different vendors but also among different versions from the same vendor. The remarkable growth in the internet of things (IoT) has contributed more to the heterogeneity of network devices. NETCONF is emerging as a configuration protocol, which makes use of YANG data model to describe network elements to be configured. In this paper, we propose the use of ontology to facilitate the analysis of configuration information of network devices, and simplify of network device configuration. We used the web ontology language (OWL) to form the semantics of the device configuration domain (e.g. switch or router) then we used the yang models of network devices to develop ontology based information extraction. This can be illustrated through the exercises done on various network elements.

The operation and management of network is facing increasing complexities brought by the evolution of network protocols and the demands of rapid service delivery. In this paper, we propose a programmable network management architecture, which manages network based on NETCONF protocol and provides REST APIs to upper layer so that further programming can be done based on the APIs to implement flexible management. Functions of devices can be modeled based on YANG language, and the models can be translated into REST APIs. We apply it to the management of ADN (Address Driven Network), an innovative network architecture proposed by Tsinghua University to inhibit IP spoofing, improve network security and provide high service quality. We model the functions of ADN based on YANG language, and implement the network management functions based on the REST APIs. We deploy and evaluate it in a laboratory environment. Test result shows that the programmable network management architecture is flexible to implement management for new network services.

IoT technologies are being rapidly adopted for manufacturing automation, remote machine diagnostics, prognostic health management of industrial machines and supply chain management. A recent on-demand model of manufacturing that is leveraging IoT technologies is called Cloud-Based Manufacturing. We propose a Software-Defined Industrial Internet of Things (SD-IIoT) platform for as a key enabler for cloud-manufacturing, allowing flexible integration of legacy shop floor equipment into the platform. SD-IIoT enables access to manufacturing resources and allows exchange of data between industrial machines and cloud-based manufacturing applications.

Optical Networks are composed of multiple devices, from multiple vendors. Normally these networks have a huge transmission capacity. The Slicing of Optical Networks is not a new concept, but continues to be very important, since the capacity of Optical Networks keeps evolving. Most of the time the slicing is manually configured by system operators. Besides being laborious and error-prone, such configuration limits the clients’ ability to customize and configure the network according to their own needs. One way out of this problem is to separate from these devices the control of and the data from the planes. The Software Defined Networks (SDNs) propose the separation of planes while also offering network operators the flexibility to create and manage applications, enabling them to reduce the network costs by globally optimizing the network’s resources, reducing the staff needed to configure it, and contributing for less violation of the service level agreement (SLA). SDN can also help operators to maximize their profit by generating more revenue through mechanisms that increase availability and failure resiliency, maximize throughput, allow for fast dynamic reprovisioning and enable network virtualization. The goal of this paper is to propose a Software Defined Optical Networks Slicing Architecture (SONA) extension (eSONA). that permits defining components such as topology manager, inventory manager, slice manager and path provisioner, and thus enable Optical Networks slicing. It has proved to be capable of managing different slices and provisioning a path on a given slice over the same physical optical network. It has showed an excellent performance, taking little time to provision paths, even with a large number of nodes, which are crucial for optical environments.

We present an open design of a filterless add/drop reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer module with a NETCONF northbound interface. Compared to commercial offerings, the device design is openly documented and available for detailed inspection. Performance is evaluated with up to seven adjacent high-speed 100 Gbps signals on a 50 GHz frequency grid.

Network Management is a critical process for an enterprise to configure and monitor the network devices using cost effective methods. It is imperative for it to be robust and free from adversarial or accidental security flaws. With the advent of cloud computing and increasing demands for centralized network control, conventional management protocols like SNMP appear inadequate and newer techniques like NMDA and NETCONF have been invented. However, unlike SNMP which underwent improvements concentrating on security, the new data management and storage techniques have not been scrutinized for the inherent security flaws. In this paper, we identify several vulnerabilities in the widely used critical infrastructures which leverage the Network Management Datastore Architecture design (NMDA). Software Defined Networking (SDN), a proponent of NMDA, heavily relies on its datastores to program and manage the network. We base our research on the security challenges put forth by the existing datastore's design as implemented by the SDN controllers. The vulnerabilities identified in this work have a direct impact on the controllers like OpenDayLight, Open Network Operating System and their proprietary implementations (by CISCO, Ericsson, RedHat, Brocade, Juniper, etc). Using our threat detection methodology, we demonstrate how the NMDA-based implementations are vulnerable to attacks which compromise availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the network. We finally propose defense measures to address the security threats in the existing design and discuss the challenges faced while employing these countermeasures.

This study experimentally proves the capability of vendor-neutral implementation of a Mobile Transport and Computing Platform (5GT-MTP) to interconnect Virtual Radio Access Network (V-RAN) elements, such as virtual Distributed Unit (vDU) and virtual Central Unit (vCU), in a RANaaS scenario.

An SDN architecture for PON networks is presented and experimentally validated. The architecture enables unified management and multi-tenency exploiting PON abstractions, while uses OpenFlow and Netconf in order to provide a highly automated SDN solution for optical access networks.

With advances on Internet of Things (IoT), network and devices management are needed due to the quantity of devices connected to transmit and collect data. IoT management presents the challenge to control and monitoring heterogeneous network elements, physical or logical, that support different protocols and quality of service (QoS) requirements. Devices interoperability and heterogeneity are key management challenges in IoT scenarios. IoT network management has an issue regarding the diversity of protocols and platforms where a comparative evaluation is difficult to perform due to this lack of standardization. This paper presents a performance evaluation study of open source IoT management platforms using the most popular IoT network management protocols considering real environments. For comparison purposes, the real environment of a smart lighting system is used. The evaluation study considers both qualitative and quantitative metrics. Through the collected data, OpenDayLight (ODL) platform presents the best results considering the use of NETCONF and simple network management protocol (SNMP). It natively supports both IoT network and IoT devices management protocols. It is concluded that ODL platform is a modular platform where it is possible configuring the network management protocols appropriately for each scenario, either it is a scenario that requires real-time management and energy saving or a scenario with low response time and large transfer rate.

Network infrastructure both intra and inter datacenter continues to increase in scale with the growing demand for bandwidth and the target performance goals for 5G networks. However the scalability of current Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) systems is threatened by poor control system flexibility, requiring progressively more complex management systems as optical network infrastructure expands. It is therefore important to have software systems that are capable of managing such networks very efficiently on a large scale. The ability to use tunable wavelength optical transceivers in a DWDM network greatly improves its flexibility and bandwidth efficiency. This paper details the creation of a software system capable of controlling tunable optical transceivers using the network configuration protocol NETCONF and its associated data model, Yet Another Next Generation (YANG). This approach can be beneficial versus other configuration protocols such as OpenFlow, as it can be implemented without disrupting existing routes in the network. The YANG module developed is capable of controlling the wavelength of tunable transceivers. This is a new method of interacting with these transceivers in a Software Defined Network (SDN). The addition of another south-bound API allows for greater flexibility in an SDN DWDM network. The system developed can successfully tune the wavelength of the transceivers via NETCONF with the results verified using optical spectrum analysis.

One particular challenge in the Internet of Things is the management of many heterogeneous things. The things are typically constrained devices with limited memory, power, network and processing capacity. Configuring every device manually is a tedious task. We propose an interoperable way to configure an IoT network automatically using existing standards. The proposed NETCONF-MQTT bridge intermediates between the constrained devices (speaking MQTT) and the network management standard NETCONF. The NETCONF-MQTT bridge generates dynamically YANG data models from the semantic description of the device capabilities based on the oneM2M ontology. We evaluate the approach for two use cases, i.e. describing an actuator and a sensor scenario.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm where devices are connected to the Internet and can interact with them, performing a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. One of the challenges of IoT is related to the heterogeneity of devices given their different characteristics, like processing capacity and communication technologies. It demands a dynamic and a context-aware configuration management system that meets the requirements of the networks and their various functionalities. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of the simple network management protocol (SNMP) and NETCONF in a real environment using an IoT-based smart lighting system. Among the available IoT network management open source platforms, OpenDayLight was chosen because it supports both SNMP and NETCONF. The following performance metrics are used: average response time, user request errors, throughput, and data rate. It was observed that NETCONF performs better than SNMP in the studied scenario. It was concluded that NETCONF becomes more viable in a scenario that requires high IoT network management traffic (non-real time) because it takes less time to get response messages with higher throughput. But in a scenario that needs real-time management and energy savings, SNMP performs better because its frames contain fewer bytes than NETCONF turning it a more straightforward protocol.

We demonstrate the first SDN-enabled sliceable SDM-WDM transceiver providing multiple spectral-spatial super-channels spanning different cores and modes over a 11-km 6-mode 19-core fiber. We define an open API based on YANG/NETCONF for disaggregated optical networks., Grant numbers : Work supported by the Spanish DESTELLO (TEC2015-69256-R) projects.© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Disaggregated optical technologies have the potential to provide cost-effective and vendor-neutral optical node solutions especially suitable for metro networks. Differently from the conventional proprietary networks, specific design, modelling, control and management operations have to be carefully defined and standardized. This paper first presents the most relevant disaggregated optical devices such as transponders, reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs), and amplifiers, and it discusses the corresponding vendor-neutral YANG models and NETCONF control. Then, the implementation of the related software agents is presented, along with a Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller based on the ONOS open-source framework. The implementations are validated in a disaggregated optical network testbed, showing successful interoperability and experimentally demonstrating transmission with optical power configurations.

The creation of a truly dynamic transportation platform tailored for a Metro network is elaborated. The dynamic data-plane exploits PON technology while the dynamic control-plane is SDN-enabled using OpenFlow/Netconf; the dynamic operation of the platform is demonstrated on a testbed.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack has been bringing serious security concerns on banks, finance incorporation, public institutions, and data centers. Also, the emerging wave of Internet of Things (IoT) raises new concerns on the smart devices. Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) have provided a new paradigm for network security. In this paper, we propose a new method to efficiently prevent DDoS attacks, based on a SDN/NFV framework. To resolve the problem that normal packets are blocked due to the inspection on suspicious packets, we developed a threshold-based method that provides a client with an efficient, fast DDoS attack mitigation. In addition, we use open source code to develop the security functions in order to implement our solution for SDN-based network security functions. The source code is based on NETCONF protocol [1] and YANG Data Model [2].

Trusted routing is a hot spot in network security. Lots of efforts have been made on trusted routing validation for Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP), e.g., using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to enhance the security of protocols, or routing monitoring systems. However, the former is limited by further deployment in the practical Internet, the latter depends on a complete, accurate, and fresh knowledge base–this is still a big challenge (Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are not willing to leak their routing policies). In this paper, inspired by the idea of centrally controlling in Software Defined Network (SDN), we propose a CENtrally Trusted Routing vAlidation framework, named CENTRA, which can automated collect routing information, centrally detect anomaly and deliver secure routing policy. We implement the proposed framework using NETCONF as the communication protocol and YANG as the data model. The experimental results reveal that CENTRA can detect and block anomalous routing in real time. Comparing to existing secure routing mechanism, CENTRA improves the detection efficiency and real-time significantly.

SDN technology has been applied to a range of different networks, ranging from Ethernet services to large cloud environments. More recently, interest has turned towards extending programmability of Optical Transport Networks (OTN). In the SDN architecture, SBIs are used to communicate between the SDN controller and the switches or routers in the network. In this paper, we deploy OpenFlow and NETCONF as SBIs in managing BoD across interconnected data centers over OTN. More specifically, we use these protocols to communicate between an OpenDayLight controller and two BTI7800 network elements that interconnect the data centers. We present experimental results for both BTI's YANG-based NETCONF implementation and our port of OpenFlow for a number of use cases. Our results show that NETCONF is faster and requires fewer control message. However, OpenFlow offers better bandwidth utilization over the interconnecting link.

We experimentally demonstrate the integration of 100-200Gb/s data plane with NETCONF agents, SDN-controllers, and management plane exploiting monitoring and QoT estimations. We report on successful experiments for provisioning and reliability in single- and multi-domains.

Configuration processes of real-time networks are costly both in terms of time and engineering effort and require the system to be shutdown during the reconfiguration phase thus resulting in significant down time as well. The convergence of IT/OT technologies is bringing a whole world of possibilities for the configuration and management of real-time networks for the automation industry. With software defined networking (SDN) features like the separation of the data and control plane and standards like IEEE 802.1 developed with the goal of adding deterministic capabilities to traditionally dynamic switched Ethernet networks, the plug and play paradigm is almost around the corner. In this paper, we go one step further and start looking into the self-configuration of real-time networks. To achieve that we propose to introduce a Configuration Agent in the network, an entity that continuously monitors the network to detect changes and automatically update the configuration to adapt to such changes while maintaining desired quality of service. We present here the complete framework for the Configuration Agent that will provide self-configuration capabilities to real-time networks. The proposed framework has IEEE 802.1 as its core, but also shows how the set of standards need to be extended in order to achieve the self-configuration requirements. Concretely we examine the role of existing communication protocols like NETCONF and OPC-UA and propose the essential ingredients (managed objects) for a YANG model for the learning aspects in the bridges, including different working modes.

This paper presents an experimental design/approach that allows the standardized management protocol NETCONF to handle dynamically changing networks found in the IoT and Home-Networking domain.Management of such networks is challenging, because they usually grow out of spontaneous device assemblies, rather than an engineering blueprint. Network membership may be highly dynamic and the devices might only possess very limited computation and communication budgets.It is our goal to develop methods and strategies for automatic device discovery and configuration maintenance in such networks. In our experiment we dynamically generate YANG data models and NETCONF RPCs from device profiles written in JSON and map these to configuration commands in the lightweight MQTT protocol.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) application development is a novel field that has emerged in the context of SDN. This new networking paradigm is intended to mitigate limitations that appeared in traditional networks, such as vendor dependency, complexity or the lack of agility. It gradually migrated through several types of networks, beginning from campus networks, to data centers, transport networks or even Internet exchange points. The SDN ecosystem is expanding, from the SDN controller perspective and both southbound and northbound, including the development of applications. This paper introduces part of the work that was done for the third Wireless Transport SDN Proof of Concept (PoC). The purpose of the PoC was demonstrating the utility of a common information model that would represent a wireless transport device, to be used for its management and configuration in the context of SDN. A simulator consisting of a NETCONF server implementation, that would emulate the management interface of a network element but only return default values for its corresponding YANG attributes (Default Values Mediator — DVM) was realized using the OpenYuma software framework. This eased the development and testing of SDN applications that were proposed and implemented for the use cases of the PoC.

Among the different options to instantiate overlays, the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) [7] has gained significant traction among industry and academia [5], [6], [8]–[11], [14], [15]. Interestingly, LISP offers a standard, inter-domain, and dynamic overlay that enables low capital expenditure (CAPEX) innovation at the network layer [8]. LISP follows a map-and-encap approach where overlay identifiers are mapped to underlay locators. Overlay traffic is encapsulated into locator-based packets and routed through the underlay. LISP leverages a public database to store overlay-to-underlay mappings and on a pull mechanism to retrieve those mappings on demand from the data plane. Therefore, LISP effectively decouples the control and data planes, since control plane policies are pushed to the database rather than to the data plane. Forwarding elements reflect control policies on the data plane by pulling them from the database. In that sense, LISP can be used as an SDN southbound protocol to enable programmable overlay networks [5].

We propose and successfully implement a method to program resilience schemes (e.g., code adaptation) in a transponder controller. YANG models are proposed and demonstrated to configure actions and finite state machine in the transponder controller.

The continuous evolution of elastic optical networks (EONs) toward more efficient and flexible backbone networks has been enabled by the innovation of data and control plane technologies. Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) is emerging as a software-defined networking (SDN) protocol for the control of optical networks. Its relevance is due to the fact that, besides providing control functionalities (e.g., data plane device configuration), NETCONF also provides management functionalities (e.g., access to monitoring information). NETCONF may exploit the Yet Another Next Generation (YANG) data model to describe network elements to be controlled/managed. YANG and NETCONF are of interest for operators since they provide a standard way to control and manage network elements independently from the vendor. This paper presents and demonstrates a control and management plane for EONs, based on the NETCONF protocol and YANG. In particular, a YANG model describing optical transponders supporting sliceability, variable rate, and monitoring functionalities is proposed. NETCONF experimental demonstrations are carried out to validate the proposed model and to prove the control and management capabilities of these technologies when applied to EONs.

• Automation and programmability is required these days • Data Modeling-driven set of APIs is key for automation • The key is the data models • YANG is the data modeling language for configuration and monitoring: a full, formal contract language with rich syntax and semantics to build applications on. • Many YANG data model developments • In different standard development organizations (but primarly at the IETF) • In opensource • NETCONF (XML) and RESTCONF (XML/JSON) • For follow-ups, you know how to contact us.

This demonstration is going to automate provisioning of multivendor optical platforms supporting API based configurations, using transport interfaces such as NETCONF or REST.

This paper presents control and management of sliceable transponders through NETCONF and YANG. Three OAM schemes are also presented and evaluated with simulations: centralized, hierarchical, and a scheme based on pre-instructions. Hierarchical and pre-instruction provide faster reaction time to degradations.