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10 results on '"absorption azotée"'

1. The ectomycorrhizal contribution to tree nutrition

Author

Sabine Zimmermann, Janice L. Eibensteiner, Kevin Garcia, Heike Bücking, Carmen Guerrero-Galán, Adeline Becquer, Gabriella Houdinet, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biology and Microbiology Department, South Dakota State University (SDSTATE), Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, composé soufre, symbiose ectomycorhizienne, 01 natural sciences, Ectosymbiosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, sulphured compound, Symbiosis, absorption azotée, absorption de l'eau, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecosystem, système de transport cellulaire, phosphorus, 030304 developmental biology, Mutualism (biology), 0303 health sciences, arbre, Ascomycota, biology, Ecology, potassium, fungi, zinc, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, phosphore, Temperate rainforest, 010606 plant biology & botany, Woody plant
Abstract

Trees can be associated with dozens of fungi helping them to acquire resources from forest soils. The most widespread mutualistic association in boreal and temperate forests is the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. This symbiosis involves mushroom-forming fungi of basidiomycota, ascomycota, and some zygomycota clades and the roots of woody plant species, including oaks, poplars or pines. Although the impact of this association on ecosystem production and tree nutrition is investigated for about a century, our understanding on the molecular mechanisms that control water and nutrient fluxes between plant and fungal partners is still limited. Here, we review the recent knowledge on the ectomycorrhizal contribution to tree nutrition. We specifically highlight the molecular mechanisms driving the acquisition, translocation and release of water and nutrients in ectomycorrhizal systems. We particularly focus on the transport of macronutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and calcium, micronutrients, and water by the symbiotic partner. We also provide background on the evolution, diversity, and importance of this symbiosis, identify knowledge gaps, and propose future research directions.

Published
2019

2. HRS1/HHOs GARP transcription factors and reactive oxygen species are regulators of Arabidopsis nitrogen starvation response

Author

Wojciech Szponarski, Sandrine Ruffel, Gloria M. Coruzzi, Frédéric Gaymard, Amy Marshall-Colon, Anna Medici, Alaeddine Safi, Gabriel Krouk, Benoît Lacombe, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes ( BPMP ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Equipe Hormones, Nutriments et Développement (HoNuDe) ( HONUDE ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Department of Biology, University of Minho, New York University, Equipe Nutrition Minérale et Stress Oxydatif ( FEROS ), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Hormones, Nutriments et Développement (HoNuDe) (HONUDE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Equipe Nutrition Minérale et Stress Oxydatif (FEROS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Molecular breeding, transport de nitrate, 0303 health sciences, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, biology, Wild type, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, arabidopsis, Nitrate transport, absorption azotée, Arabidopsis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, espèce reactive de l'oxygène, Starvation response, Transcription factor, Gene, Functional genomics, azote du sol, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plants need to cope with strong variations in the nitrogen content of the soil solution. Although many molecular actors are being discovered concerning how plants perceive NO3- provision, it is less clear how plants recognize a lack of Nitrogen. Indeed, following N removal plants activate their Nitrogen Starvation Response (NSR) being characterized in particular by the activation of very high affinity nitrate transport systems (NRT2.4, NRT2.5) and other sentinel genes such as GDH3. Here we show using a combination of functional genomics (via TF perturbation) and molecular physiology studies, that the GARP Transcription Factors (TFs) belonging the HHO sub-family are important regulators of the NSR through two potential mechanisms. First, HHOs directly repress NRT2.4 and NRT2.5 high-affinity nitrate transporters. Genotypes affected in HHO genes (mutants and overexpressors) display modified high-affinity nitrate transport activities opening interesting perspectives in biotechnology applications. Second, we show that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are important to control NSR in wild type plants and that HRS1 and HHO1 overexpressors are affected in their ROS content, defining a potential feedforward branch of the signaling pathway. Taken together our results define two new classes of molecular actors in the control of NSR including ROS and the first transcription factors to date. This work (i) opens perspectives on a poorly understood nutrient related signaling pathway, and (ii) defines targets for molecular breeding of plants with enhanced NO3- uptake.

Published
2018

3. Root Responses to Heterogeneous Nitrate Availability are Mediated by trans-Zeatin in Arabidopsis Shoots

Author

Ivan Petřík, Benoît Lacombe, Arthur Poitout, Ondrej Novak, Amandine Crabos, Sandrine Ruffel, Gabriel Krouk, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research [Univ Palacký] (CRH), Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IEB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc-Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Hormones, Nutriments et Développement (HoNuDe) (HONUDE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes ( BPMP ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Equipe Hormones, Nutriments et Développement (HoNuDe) ( HONUDE ), and Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Mutant, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, adaptation au milieu, absorption azotée, nitrate, Arabidopsis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, adaptation to the environment, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, induction de racine, Reverse genetics, Cell biology, arabidopsis, chemistry, Shoot, Cytokinin, Zeatin, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plants are subjected to variable nitrogen (N) availability including frequent spatial nitrate (NO3-) heterogeneity in soil. Thus, plants constantly adapt their genome expression and root physiology in order to optimize N acquisition from this heterogeneous source. These adaptations rely on a complex and long-distance root-shoot-root signaling network that is still largely unknown. Here, we used a combination of reverse genetics, transcriptomic analysis, NO3- uptake experiments and hormone profiling under conditions of homogeneous or heterogeneous NO3- availability to characterize the systemic signaling involved. We demonstrate the important role of the trans-zeatin form of cytokinin (CK) in shoots, in particular using a mutant altered for ABCG14-mediated trans-zeatin-translocation from the root to the shoot, in mediating: (i) rapid long distance N-demand signaling and (ii) long term functional adaptations to heterogeneous NO3- supply, including changes in NO3- transport capacity and root growth modifications. We also provide insights into the potential CK-dependent and independent shoot-to-root signals involved in root adaptation to heterogeneous N availability.

Published
2018

4. Responses to Systemic Nitrogen Signaling in Arabidopsis Roots Involve trans-Zeatin in Shoots

Author

Amandine Crabos, Ondrej Novak, Gabriel Krouk, Ivan Petřík, Sandrine Ruffel, Arthur Poitout, Benoît Lacombe, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes ( BPMP ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Equipe Hormones, Nutriments et Développement (HoNuDe) ( HONUDE ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS, Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research [Univ Palacký] (CRH), Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IEB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc-Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Hormones, Nutriments et Développement (HoNuDe) (HONUDE), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, transport de nitrate, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Mutant, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, absorption azotée, Arabidopsis, Gene expression, cytokine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Regulation of gene expression, interaction sol racine, fungi, food and beverages, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, arabidopsis, croissance racinaire, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Cytokinin, Signal transduction, Zeatin, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Plants face temporal and spatial variation in nitrogen (N) availability. This includes heterogeneity in soil nitrate (NO3-) content. To overcome these constraints, plants modify their gene expression and physiological processes to optimize N acquisition. This plasticity relies on a complex long-distance root-shoot-root signaling network that remains poorly understood. We previously showed that cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis is required to trigger systemic N signaling. Here, we performed split-root experiments and used a combination of CK-related mutant analyses, hormone profiling, transcriptomic analysis, NO3- uptake assays, and root growth measurements to gain insight into systemic N signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. By comparing wild-type plants and mutants affected in CK biosynthesis and ABCG14-dependent root-to-shoot translocation of CK, we revealed an important role for active trans-Zeatin (tZ) in systemic N signaling. Both rapid sentinel gene regulation and long-term functional acclimation to heterogeneous NO3- supply, including NO3- transport and root growth regulation, are likely mediated by the integration of tZ content in shoots. Furthermore, shoot transcriptome profiling revealed that glutamate/glutamine metabolism is likely a target of tZ root-to-shoot translocation, prompting an interesting hypothesis regarding shoot-to-root communication. Finally, this study highlights tZ-independent pathways regulating gene expression in shoots as well as NO3- uptake activity in response to total N-deprivation.

Published
2018

5. Transporters Involved in Root Nitrate Uptake and Sensing by Arabidopsis

Author

Mélanie Noguero, Benoît Lacombe, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, inorganic chemicals, nutrient sensing, Mini Review, protéines de transport, chemistry.chemical_element, Nutrient sensing, Root system, Plant Science, transporters, Biology, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, absorption du nitrate, transport azote, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, absorption azotée, Arabidopsis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:SB1-1110, development, Nitrate uptake, Vegetal Biology, nitrates, plants, organic chemicals, food and beverages, Transporter, biology.organism_classification, Nitrogen, racine, arabidopsis, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Most plants use nitrate (NO3-) as their major nitrogen (N) source. The NO3- uptake capacity of a plant is determined by three interdependent factors that are sensitive to NO3- availability: (i) the functional properties of the transporters in the roots that contribute to the acquisition of NO3- from the external medium, (ii) the density of functional transporters at the plasma membrane of root cells, and (iii) the surface and architecture of the root system. The identification of factors that regulate the NO3--sensing systems is important for both fundamental and applied science, because these factors control the capacity of plants to use the available NO3-, a process known as the “nitrate use efficiency”. The molecular component of the transporters involved in uptake and sensing mechanism in Arabidopsis roots are presented and their relative contribution discussed.

Published
2016
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6. Fungal and plant gene expression in the Tulasnella calospora-Serapias vomeracea symbiosis provides clues about nitrogen pathways in orchid mycorrhizas

Author

Mariangela Girlanda, Igor V. Grigoriev, Francis Martin, Valeria Fochi, Vasanth R. Singan, Annegret Kohler, Samuele Voyron, Walter Chitarra, Raffaella Balestrini, Erika Lindquist, Silvia Perotto, Kerrie Barry, Dept Life Sci & Syst Biol, University of Turin, Instituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Plante (IPSP), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), DOE Joint Genome Inst, MIUR, 'Compagnia di San Paolo' (Torino, Italy), US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute DE AC02 05CH11231 978, Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE) ANR 11 LABX 0002 01, US DOE through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Scientific Focus Area for Genomics Foundational Sciences (Plant Microbe Interfaces Project), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Balestrini, Raffaella

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Nitrogen assimilation, Tulasnella, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, transcriptomics, Orchid mycorrhiza, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Mycorrhizae, nitrogen (N), Biomass, Mycorrhiza, Mycelium, Phylogeny, biology, Biological Sciences, Fungal, mycorhize, fungal genome, orchid mycorrhiza, Tulasnella, Serapias, nitrogen, génome fongique, orchidée, ammonium transporters, Nitrogen, Plant Biology & Botany, Genes, Fungal, mycorrhiza, orchid mycorrhiza, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genes, Plant, Serapias, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, absorption azotée, Botany, Genetics, transfert d'azote, Serapias vomeracea, Orchidaceae, Nutrition, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, organic carbon, Basidiomycota, fungi, Genetic Complementation Test, gene expression, Plant, biology.organism_classification, carbone organique, transport intracellulaire, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Mutation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust Orchids are highly dependent on their mycorrhizal fungal partners for nutrient supply, especially during early developmental stages. In addition to organic carbon, nitrogen (N) is probably a major nutrient transferred to the plant because orchid tissues are highly N-enriched. We know almost nothing about the N form preferentially transferred to the plant or about the key molecular determinants required for N uptake and transfer. We identified, in the genome of the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora, two functional ammonium transporters and several amino acid transporters but found no evidence of a nitrate assimilation system, in agreement with the N preference of the free-living mycelium grown on different N sources. Differential expression in symbiosis of a repertoire of fungal and plant genes involved in the transport and metabolism of N compounds suggested that organic N may be the main form transferred to the orchid host and that ammonium is taken up by the intracellular fungus from the apoplatic symbiotic interface. This is the first study addressing the genetic determinants of N uptake and transport in orchid mycorrhizas, and provides a model for nutrient exchanges at the symbiotic interface, which may guide future experiments.

Published
2016

7. Breeding for increased nitrogen-use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivumL.)

Author

Bertrand Hirel, David Gouache, Jacques Le Gouis, Yvan Moënne-Loccoz, John Foulkes, Fabien Cormier, Biogemma, Div Plant & Crop Sci, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin ( IJPB ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, U 3559, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), ANR BacterBl e (ANR-14-CE19-0017), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ble tendre, Nitrogen assimilation, bread wheat, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Plant Science, Biology, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, reproduction, Nutrient, absorption azotée, Genetics, sélection, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Molecular breeding, efficience d'utilisation de l'azote, breeding, nitrogen-utilization efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Nitrogen, Agricultural sciences, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, chemistry, Agronomy, soft wheat, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Sciences agricoles, F04 - Fertilisation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Nitrogen fertilizer is the most used nutrient source in modern agriculture and represents significant environmental and production costs. In the meantime, the demand for grain increases and production per area has to increase as new cultivated areas are scarce. In this context, breeding for an efficient use of nitrogen became a major objective. In wheat, nitrogen is required to maintain a photosynthetically active canopy ensuring grain yield and to produce grain storage proteins that are generally needed to maintain a high end-use quality. This review presents current knowledge of physiological, metabolic and genetic factors influencing nitrogen uptake and utilization in the context of different nitrogen management systems. This includes the role of root system and its interactions with microorganisms, nitrate assimilation and its relationship with photosynthesis as postanthesis remobilization and nitrogen partitioning. Regarding nitrogen-use efficiency complexity, several physiological avenues for increasing it were discussed and their phenotyping methods were reviewed. Phenotypic and molecular breeding strategies were also reviewed and discussed regarding nitrogen regimes and genetic diversity.

Published
2016

8. Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain Protein Concentration Is Related to Early Post-Flowering Nitrate Uptake under Putative Control of Plant Satiety Level

Author

Yves Gibon, David Gouache, François Taulemesse, Vincent Allard, Jacques Le Gouis, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Station Expérimentale, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, French 'Fonds de Soutien a l'Obtention Vegetale' (FSOV) 2010F, ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie) CIFRE 878/2011, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant genetics, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Plant Genetics, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genotype, Gene expression, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Flowering Plants, Triticum, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Plant physiology, food and beverages, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Bread, Plants, Chemistry, Plant Physiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences, Wheat, corrélation, Research Article, Nitrogen, Crops, Flowers, Biology, Animal science, Extraction techniques, absorption azotée, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, analyse génomique, Genetic variability, Grasses, Gene, Evolutionary Biology, blé d'hiver, Nitrates, Population Biology, floraison, lcsh:R, Organisms, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, RNA extraction, Research and analysis methods, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Genetic Polymorphism, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Q, Protein concentration, Population Genetics, 010606 plant biology & botany, Crop Science, Cereal Crops
Abstract

International audience; The strong negative correlation between grain protein concentration (GPC) and grain yield (GY) in bread wheat complicates the simultaneous improvement of these traits. However, earlier studies have concluded that the deviation from this relationship (grain protein deviation or GPD) has strong genetic basis. Genotypes with positive GPD have an increased ability to uptake nitrogen (N) during the post-flowering period independently of the amount of N taken up before flowering, suggesting that genetic variability for N satiety could enable the breakage of the negative relationship. This study is based on two genotypes markedly contrasted for GPD grown under semi-hydroponic conditions differentiated for nitrate availability both before and after flowering. This allows exploration of the genetic determinants of post-flowering N uptake (PANU) by combining whole plant sampling and targeted gene expression approaches. The results highlights the correlation (r(2) = 0.81) with GPC of PANU occurring early during grain development (flowering-flowering + 250 degree-days) independently of GY. Early PANU was in turn correlated (r(2) = 0.80) to the stem-biomass increment after flowering through its effect on N sink activity. Differences in early PANU between genotypes, despite comparable N statuses at flowering, suggest that genetic differences in N satiety could be involved in the establishment of the GPC. Through its strong negative correlation with genes implied in N assimilation, root nitrate concentration appears to be a good marker for evaluating instantaneous plant N demand, and may provide valuable information on the genotypic N satiety level. This trait may help breeders to identify genotypes having high GPC independently of their GY.

Published
2016

9. Improved estimation of nitrogen uptake in grasslands using the nitrogen dilution curve (Reyes et al. 2015), 35:1561–1570

Author

Gilles Lemaire, François Gastal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, courbe de dilution critique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], prairie, chemistry.chemical_element, dilution de l'azote, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Dilution curve, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Agricultural sciences, chemistry, absorption azotée, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Nitrogen dilution, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, diagnostic agronomique, Uptake rate, Agronomy and Crop Science, Sciences agricoles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; No abstract available

Published
2016

10. Roostocks/Scion/Nitrogen interactions affect secondary metabolism in the grape berry

Author

Aude Habran, Serge Delrot, Ghislaine Hilbert, Nathalie Ollat, Eric Gomès, Mauro Commisso, Flavia Guzzo, Pierre Helwi, Stefano Negri, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Hydroxybenzoic acid, Scion, Nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Berry, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Veraison, 03 medical and health sciences, Flavonols, Botany, Metabolomics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:SB1-1110, Vigne, Original Research, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Flux d'azote, Pulp (paper), berry, grapevine, metabolomics, nitrogen, rootstock, Grafting, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Baie de raisin, Cepage, engineering, Analyse comparative, Absorption azotée, Grapevine, Rootstock, Rhizome, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The present work investigates the interactions between soil content, rootstock and scion by focusing on the effects of roostocks and nitrogen supply on grape berry content. Scions of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Pinot Noir (PN) varieties were grafted either on Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) or 110 Richter (110R) rootstock. The 4 rooststock/scion combinations were fertilized with 3 different levels of nitrogen after fruit set. Both in 2013 and 2014, N supply increased N uptake by the plants, and N content both in vegetative and reproductory organs. Rootstock, variety and year affected berry weight at harvest, while nitrogen did not affect significantly this parameter. Grafting on RGM consistently increased berry weight compared to 110R. PN consistently produced bigger berries than CS. CS berries were heavier in 2014 than in 2013, but the year effect was less marked for PN berries. The berries were collected between veraison and maturity, separated in skin and pulp, and their content was analyzed by conventional analytical procedures and untargeted metabolomics. For anthocyanins, the relative quantitation was fairly comparable with both LC-MS determination and HPLC-DAD, which is a fully quantitative technique. The data show complex responses of the metabolite content (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols/procyanidins, stilbenes, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids.) that depend on the rootstock, the scion, the vintage, the nitrogen level, the berry compartment. This opens a wide range of possibilities to adjust the content of these compounds through the choice of the roostock, variety and nitrogen fertilization.

Published
2016

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