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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of newly identified endogenous small non-coding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides long molecules. They play a vital role in many biological and physiological processes of both plants and animals. The conserved nature of miRNAs provides functional role in mostly post-transcriptional regulation, gene expression and silencing the target genes. The theory based on approach of finding homologous sequences of known miRNAs both within a single genome and across genomes of related organisms. In this study, an attempt was made to identify potential miRNAs in Eclipta prostrata GSSs sequence through computational means. A total of 84 GSS sequences of E.prostrata were assembled and resulted in 7 contigs and 28 singletons, homology searched against the non-redundant 4802 known mature miRNAs of Viridiplantae plant kingdom resulted in identification of 8 potential miRNA candidates belonging to 7 different miRNA families. A majority of conserved miRNAs have been characterized by computational approaches using psTargetServer resulted in 5 potential target genes. The result concluded by obtaining eight potential miRNAs of E.prostrata that is evolved functional annotation and evolutionary relationship with other species.

The role of microRNA in gene regulation during developmental biology has been well depicted in several organisms. The present study was performed to investigate miRNAs role in the liver tissues during carbohydrate metabolism and their targets in the farmed carp rohu, Labeo rohita, which is economically important species in aquaculture. Using Illumina-HiSeq technology, a total of 22,612,316; 44,316,046 and 13,338,434 clean reads were obtained from three small-RNA libraries. We have identified 138 conserved and 161 novel miRNAs and studies revealed that miR-22, miR-122, miR-365, miR-200, and miR-146 are involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Further analysis depicted mature miRNA and their predicted target sites in genes that were involved in developmental biology, cellular activities, transportation, etc. This is the first report of the presence of miRNAs in liver tissue of rohu and their comparative profile linked with metabolism serves as a vital resource as a biomarker.

The Clitoriaternatea medicinal plant deserves multipotent bioactive secondary metabolites potentials in a great deal. The aim of this study is to analyze the phytochemical, biochemical and antimicrobial activities of the different plant extracts. Extracts from the leaves and seed of Clitoriaternatea were extracted with water and methanol. Phytochemical analysis observed the presence of flavonoids, Carbohydrates, phenols, saponins, tannins, quinines, terpenoids and oxalate components in leaves and seed extract of methanol. In seeds aqueous and methanol extracts, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, amino acids, proteins, terpenoids were present. Quantitatively, seed and leaves methanol extract have good quantity of phenol, carbohydrates, tannin, flavonoid and terpenoid. Two bacterial and fungal strains were taken for antimicrobial analysis. The antibacterial study against E.coli and B.subtlis, result in the zone of inhibition which was more in case of methanol extracts. In antifungal analysis, the extracts were showed equally effective against A.niger whereas the seeds methanol extracts were little more effective against in case of P.chrysogenum. Hence, C. ternatea can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as a base in the development of new natural plant-based medicine.

Throughout history, human civilizations have kinetically circumvented plants which have influenced a lot to the humanity. Plants have the facility to endanger diverse variety of phytochemical and biochemical compounds which can be acclimated to perform different biological functions. Many of these phytochemicals have salutary effects on long-term health when consumed by the human and can be efficaciously used to treat human diseases. The current research paper deals with the various phytochemical and biochemical analysis of Azadirachta indica. The analysis was carried out utilizing standard methods and protocols. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica has shown the presence of biological compounds like, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, etc which are then compared to aqueous leaf extracts of the plant. Biochemical analysis includes the estimation of chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content and proline content. The result suggests that the Azadirachta indica extracts contain plenty of phytochemicals with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.