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The Jurua River is the third largest white-water tributary of the Amazon River, yet, historically, it has not been considered an important barrier for bird communities. The upper region of the Jurua River was the focus of two ornithological collections in the early twentieth century, but the middle region, where the river and surrounding varzea flooded forest widen, has remained largely unexplored by ornithologists. Inspired by Dr. Emilie Snethlage, whose ornithological expeditions to Amazonian rivers during the early twentieth century were foundational in documenting the importance of river barriers, we undertook a month-long expedition to the middle Jurua River. We collected the first modern specimens, high-quality tissues, and sound recordings of birds from the middle Jurua region. Combining our data with those from previous collections, we present the first comprehensive inventory of bird species from the Jurua region, document several significant range extensions, and report the first evidence that the middle Jurua River acts as a barrier in at least four species complexes of terra firme upland forest birds. Our findings have important taxonomic and biogeographic implications for birds of the Jurua region and southwestern Amazon basin.

Clytoctantes atrogularis Lanyon, Stotz and Willard, 1990 (Thamnophilidae) is one of the most mysterious and poorly known birds of the Neotropics. Endemic to Amazonian Brazil, it was known only from the holotype and two sight records at the type locality in Rondonia, and a sighting of a pair with a recording on the Sucunduri River in Amazonas. Here we review the distribution and report five new records in the states of Mato Grosso, Amazonas, and Rondonia, considerably increasing the known range of the species. We present the first detailed descriptions of males, for which the plumage was previously unknown. The records presented herein were made in terra firme forest with understories dominated by Lepidocaryum palms and also with sparse Guadua spp. of bamboo, demonstrating that the bird species occurs in habitats other than those previously described. Stomach contents of six individuals included mostly ants and their eggs, possibly obtained by opening stems of Guadua spp. The high rate of deforestation that characterizes a large part of the range of C. atrogularis could be causing declines in local populations.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:36:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-46702017000100309.pdf: 3250536 bytes, checksum: 4333e8e56132d2bc2496715bb3a81790 (MD5) ABSTRACT Stretching for more than 10,000 ha in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, Serra da Cantareira comprises the largest native urban rainforest in the World, harboring a rich and diverse Atlantic Forest avifauna. Despite its closeness to major urban areas, few bird surveys have been conducted there. In this article we present an updated compilation of all bird species recorded for Serra da Cantareira, including personal records from the authors. A total of 326 species have been recorded for Serra da Cantareira since 1901; of these, nine have not been sighted there for the last two decades. The number of bird species endemic to the Atlantic Forest is high (80), and seven of its species are globally threatened. According to multivariate analyses the species diversity at Serra da Cantareira is similar to other regions of the Atlantic Forest, such as Carlos Botelho and Intervales state parks, where the vegetation is also ombrophilous dense forest. We discuss local changes in the avifaunal composition over the last decades and suggest the incorporation of large forest remnants to the Cantareira State Park to mitigate the impact of the northern section of Rodoanel Mário Covas, a highway (SP-21) that will soon be operational and will negatively impact the biodiversity of Serra da Cantareira. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Ecologia Lousiana State University Museum of Natural Science Unaffiliated BirdLife SAVE Brasil Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo Museu de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Ecologia

During the past 100 years in densely populated south-eastern Brazil, wetlands have been severely transformed due to urbanization, agriculture and mining. The recently discovered São Paulo Marsh Antwren (Formicivora paludicola) is endemic to these wetlands, and is listed as "Critically Endangered" by the IUCN. The species is only found in an area of 1.42 km2, it has a sparse and fragmented distribution, low dispersal capacity, and has probably lost around 300 km2 of habitat in the past 100 years. Furthermore, very little is known about F. paludicola natural history, and so it is difficult to construct a robust conservation plan. Using Kernel home range estimations and the Adjusted-SD/Torus Shift test (a novel tool for animal-habitat association studies), we showed that the species avoids patches of the alien invasive ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium). Given the high density of their population (3.6 mature individuals/ha), F. paludicola could thrive in relatively small areas of suitable wetlands protected from human occupation and water contamination, however special attention should be paid to biological invasions, which may represent a serious threat to the remaining populations. Protecting a few small wetlands used by F. paludicola would be an important step towards general conservation and restoration of Atlantic Forest wetlands and its endemic endangered species.