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1. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature

Author

Juha M. Alatalo, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Ivan Nijs, Pascal Boeckx, Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner, Josefine Walz, Sergiy Medinets, Jonas Ardö, Martin Wilmking, Aníbal Pauchard, Onur Candan, Joseph Okello, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Christian Rossi, Francesco Malfasi, Robert G. Björk, Tim Seipel, Pekka Niittynen, Kristoffer Hylander, Simone Cesarz, Michael B. Ashcroft, Dany Ghosn, T'Ai Gladys Whittingham Forte, Andrew D. Thomas, Nina Buchmann, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Svátek, Luca Vitale, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Pascal Vittoz, Jan Wild, Hans J. De Boeck, M. Rosa Fernández Calzado, Khatuna Gigauri, Haydn J.D. Thomas, Josef Brůna, Patrice Descombes, Robert Kanka, Roman Plichta, Julia Boike, Juan J. Jiménez, Mihai Pușcaș, James D. M. Speed, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Jian Zhang, Shengwei Zong, Marko Smiljanic, Ben Somers, Toke T. Høye, Martin Macek, Rebecca Finger Higgens, Jürgen Homeier, Fatih Fazlioglu, Ana Clara Mazzolari, Katja Tielbörger, Marek Čiliak, Sanne Govaert, Matěj Man, Loïc Pellissier, Bente J. Graae, Mana Gharun, Juan Lorite, Jhonatan Sallo Bravo, Thomas Scholten, Ian Klupar, Jonathan Lenoir, Martin Kopecký, Angela Stanisci, Joseph J. Bailey, Stuart W. Smith, Gergana N. Daskalova, Andrej Varlagin, Radim Matula, Meelis Pärtel, Ann Milbau, Peter Barančok, Jörg G. Stephan, Marijn Bauters, Jan Dick, Zuzana Sitková, Alistair S. Jump, Felix Gottschall, Fernando Moyano, Mario Trouillier, Filip Hrbáček, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Nicoletta Cannone, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Miska Luoto, Christopher Andrews, Charly Geron, Lisa J. Rew, Michael Stemkovski, Rafaella Canessa, Lucia Hederová, Peter Haase, Klaus Steinbauer, Keith W. Larson, Mats P. Björkman, Edoardo Cremonese, Lore T. Verryckt, Aud H. Halbritter, Jiri Dolezal, František Máliš, William D. Pearse, Zhaochen Zhang, Christian D. Larson, Sylvia Haider, Robert Weigel, Harald Pauli, Romina D. Dimarco, Nico Eisenhauer, Agustina Barros, Shyam S. Phartyal, Liesbeth van den Brink, Edmund W. Basham, Adrian V. Rocha, Mauro Guglielmin, Rafael A. García, Andrej Palaj, Josef Urban, Austin Koontz, Brett R. Scheffers, Mia Vedel Sørensen, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Camille Meeussen, Lena Muffler, Krystal Randall, Volodymyr I. Medinets, Sonia Merinero, Laurenz M. Teuber, Salvatore R. Curasi, José Luis Benito Alonso, Pieter De Frenne, Kamil Láska, Jonas Schmeddes, Martin A. Nuñez, Amanda Ratier Backes, Alessandro Petraglia, Miroslav Svoboda, Ellen Dorrepaal, Sonja Wipf, Juha Aalto, Masahito Ueyama, Benjamin Blonder, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Esther R. Frei, Lukas Siebicke, Bernard Heinesch, C. Johan Dahlberg, Juergen Kreyling, Camille Pitteloud, Florian Zellweger, Rebecca A. Senior, David H. Klinges, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Elizabeth G. Simpson, George Kazakis, Jozef Kollár, Pallieter De Smedt, Olivier Roupsard, Jan Altman, Michele Carbognani, Julia Kemppinen, Manuela Winkler, Valeria Aschero, Pieter Vangansbeke, Andrea Lamprecht, Stef Haesen, University of Antwerp (UA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Wollongong [Australia], Australian Museum [Sydney], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad Adventista de Chile - Adventist University of Chile (UNACH), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Qatar University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], University of Gothenburg (GU), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Mountains of the Moon University, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS (Gent, Belgium), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Nalanda University, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (HNBGU), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), University of Stirling, Umeå University, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dartmouth College [Hanover], University of Bergen (UiB), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Utah State University (USU), Imperial College London, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Stockholm University, University of South Bohemia, Aberystwyth University, York St John University, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Chania (CIHEAM-IAMC), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Montana State University (MSU), Lund University [Lund], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Georgian Institute of Public Affairs (GIPA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Osaka Prefecture University, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences [Bucarest] (INCDSB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Tartu, Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Jolube Consultor Botánico, Northeast Normal University, Majella National Park - Parco Nazionale della Majella, National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen], University of Tübingen, County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), University of Edinburgh, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Princeton University, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Ordu University - Ordu Üniversitesi, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Swiss National Park - Parc Naziunal Svizzer, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), University of Helsinki, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of Granada [Granada], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise (Unimol), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and University of Duisburg-Essen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biodiversity & Conservation, Microclimate, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, topoclimate, Snow, HETEROGENEITY, SCALE, database, General Environmental Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Database, Ecology, Spatial database, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, soil climate, climate change, species distributions, Biodiversity Conservation, ecosystem processes, microclimate, temperature, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, MOISTURE, 010603 evolutionary biology, soil, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, species 19 distributions, Environmental Chemistry, DISTRIBUTIONS, SCALE SOIL, Biology, climate, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Global warming, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS, 15. Life on land, Radiative forcing, MACROCLIMATE, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, SNOW, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes. ispartof: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY vol:26 issue:11 pages:6616-6629 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2020

2. Hot and bothered: The role of behaviour and microclimates in buffering species from rising temperatures

Author

Rebecca A. Senior

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Climate Change, Population, Microclimate, Climate change, Aricia agestis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, education.field_of_study, Extinction, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Temperature, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Habitat, Animal ecology, Threatened species, Animal Science and Zoology, Butterflies
Abstract

In Focus: Bladon, A. J., Lewis, M., Bladon, E. K., Buckton, S. J., Corbett, S., Ewing, S. R., … Turner, E. C. (2020). How butterflies keep their cool: Physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13319 Threatened with rising average temperatures and the new normal of climate extremes, species that cannot keep pace with climate change must adapt where they are, or face extinction. The ranges of many British butterflies have indeed extended northwards as the climate has warmed, but this option is increasingly restricted by the expansion and intensification of urban and agricultural lands. On a day-to-day basis, butterflies can thermoregulate using behaviours such as adjusting their wing positioning or moving into suitable microclimates. The extent to which these two options buffer individuals from free-air temperature, however, is not well known. Nor is the extent to which the different mechanisms are exploited by different species, and whether that has had any bearing on species' population trends over the time-scale of recent climate change. Using a simple and easily replicated approach, Bladon et al. (2020) were able to quantify intra- and interspecific variation in buffering ability, and species' relative reliance on the two thermoregulatory mechanisms of wing adjustment versus microclimate selection. The authors report marked variation in buffering capacity, correlated with wing size, wing colouration and taxonomic family. Species also differed in their thermoregulatory behaviours, with some - such as the Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus and Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus-achieving impressive buffering through wing positioning. Others, like the Brown Argus Aricia agestis and Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus, were more reliant on microclimate selection, and these were the species most likely to have shown declining population trends over the past 40 years. The study underscores the importance of individual thermoregulatory behaviours for understanding species' vulnerability to climate change. In combination with much improved methods for measuring and modelling climate at biologically relevant scales, the approach of Bladon et al. (2020) can and should be extended to identify the places and species most at risk, and the steps that conservation practitioners can take to maximise resilience to climate change. Much attention has been given to improving habitat connectivity to facilitate range shifts, but we should also consider how microclimate availability can be enhanced to allow species to manage when they cannot move.

Published
2020

3. A pantropical analysis of the impacts of forest degradation and conversion on local temperature

Author

Jane K. Hill, Pamela Gonzalez del Pliego, Laurel K Goode, Rebecca A. Senior, and David Edwards

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, Climate change, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, tropics, thermal, scale, Deforestation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Global warming, land‐use change, temperature, Tropics, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Old-growth forest, climate change, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract

Temperature is a core component of a species' fundamental niche. At the fine scale over which most organisms experience climate (mm to ha), temperature depends upon the amount of radiation reaching the Earth's surface, which is principally governed by vegetation. Tropical regions have undergone widespread and extreme changes to vegetation, particularly through the degradation and conversion of rainforests. As most terrestrial biodiversity is in the tropics, and many of these species possess narrow thermal limits, it is important to identify local thermal impacts of rainforest degradation and conversion. We collected pantropical, site‐level (

Published
2017

4. Islands in the desert: Environmental distribution modelling of endemic flora reveals the extent of Pleistocene tropical relict vegetation in southern Arabia

Author

Thomas Starnes, Annette Patzelt, Andrew Stokes-Rees, James S. Borrell, Jo L H Milborrow, Tim Wilkinson, Ghudaina Al Issaey, Saif Al Hatmi, Abdulrahman Al Hinai, Rebecca A. Senior, and Darach Lupton

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Asia, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, Climate change, Plant Science, Biology, Monsoon, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Temperate climate, Endemism, Phylogeny, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Islands, Tropical Climate, Ecology, Arabia, Original Articles, Africa, Eastern, Plants, Arid, Biodiversity hotspot, Geography, Africa, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Background and AimsSouthern Arabia is a global biodiversity hotspot with a high proportion of endemic desert-adapted plants. Here we examine evidence for a Pleistocene climate refugium in the southern Central Desert of Oman, and its role in driving biogeographical patterns of endemism.MethodsDistribution data for seven narrow-range endemic plants were collected systematically across 195 quadrats, together with incidental and historic records. Important environmental variables relevant to arid coastal areas, including night-time fog and cloud cover, were developed for the study area. Environmental niche models using presence/absence data were built and tuned for each species, and spatial overlap was examined.Key ResultsA region of the Jiddat Al Arkad reported independent high model suitability for all species. Examination of environmental data across southern Oman indicates that the Jiddat Al Arkad displays a regionally unique climate with higher intra-annual stability, due in part to the influence of the southern monsoon. Despite this, the relative importance of environmental variables was highly differentiated among species, suggesting that characteristic variables such as coastal fog are not major cross-species predictors at this scale.ConclusionsThe co-occurrence of a high number of endemic study species within a narrow monsoon-influenced region is indicative of a refugium with low climate change velocity. Combined with climate analysis, our findings provide strong evidence for a southern Arabian Pleistocene refugium in Oman’s Central Desert. We suggest that this refugium has acted as an isolated temperate and mesic island in the desert, resulting in the evolution of these narrow-range endemic flora. Based on the composition of species, this system may represent the northernmost remnant of a continuous belt of mesic vegetation formerly ranging from Africa to Asia, with close links to the flora of East Africa. This has significant implications for future conservation of endemic plants in an arid biodiversity hotspot.

Published
2019

5. Rewilding in the English uplands: policy and practice

Author

David J. Bullock, Nathalie Pettorelli, Paul Jepson, Christopher J. Sandom, Stefan Jimenez‐Wisler, Rebecca A. Senior, Adrian Ely, Adrian C. Newton, and Benedict Dempsey

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Geography, QH0075, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Agroforestry, Biodiversity, QH0540, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecosystem services
Published
2019

6. Extreme thermal heterogeneity in structurally complex tropical rain forests

Author

Lydou R. Andriamahohatra, Nadiah Roslan, Torbjørn Haugaasen, Brett R. Scheffers, Patricia C. Wright, Andrew M. Rogers, David Edwards, Stewart L. Macdonald, Stephen E. Williams, and Rebecca A. Senior

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Sampling (statistics), Rainforest, Vegetation, Thermoregulation, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ectotherm, Thermal, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Quadrat, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Most terrestrial species on Earth are ectothermic and track temperature at small spatial scales, from sun flecks to cool shaded spots. Current assessments of thermal heterogeneity in complex environments are predominately characterized by ambient temperature. This omission of solar radiation may lead to inaccurate conclusions regarding thermoregulation and distribution of species. We use thermal cameras to gather data on temperature heterogeneity in structurally complex rain forest environments. Using thermographic photographs, we capture the multidimensionality of climate created by vegetation by collecting over 76,000 temperature samples within approximately 1 m2 quadrats. The method was tested against three standard methods that record air temperature to determine possible omissions in capturing thermal heterogeneity in four geographic locations—Colombia, Borneo, Madagascar, and Australia. Across all locations, there was greater thermal heterogeneity in surface temperature than captured from ambient temperature technologies. Spatial variability in surface temperature on 1 d was greater than temporal variability of ambient temperature across the entire month, with extreme deviation from ambient temperatures. Importantly, when compared to the lower bounds for optimal performance for five tropical Anolis species, this technology captured thermal regimes that support the thermoregulatory needs of these species, whereas ambient air temperature methods suggested that these species would be in thermal debt. Sampling surface temperature at high resolutions across space in combination with intensive sampling of ambient temperature and informed spatial modeling should improve our understanding of the distribution of ectothermic species living within thermally heterogeneous environments.

Published
2016

7. Selective logging in tropical forests decreases the robustness of liana–tree interaction networks to the loss of host tree species

Author

William F. Laurance, Andrew M. Rogers, Suzan Benedick, Deddy Nurdin, David Edwards, Ainhoa Magrach, Luis Santamaría, Rebecca A. Senior, Eusko Jaurlaritza, and Australian Research Council

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, selective logging, Biology, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, network structure, Borneo, Ecosystem, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, Tropical Climate, tree–liana networks, General Immunology and Microbiology, Agroforestry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Logging, Malaysia, Forestry, General Medicine, wood density, Southeast Asia, Biodiversity hotspot, Liana, Disturbance (ecology), ecosystem functioning, Species richness, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Extinction debt
Abstract

Selective logging is one of the major drivers of tropical forest degradation, causing important shifts in species composition. Whether such changes modify interactions between species and the networks in which they are embedded remain fundamental questions to assess the ‘health’ and ecosystem functionality of logged forests. We focus on interactions between lianas and their tree hosts within primary and selectively logged forests in the biodiversity hotspot of Malaysian Borneo. We found that lianas were more abundant, had higher species richness, and different species compositions in logged than in primary forests. Logged forests showed heavier liana loads disparately affecting slow-growing tree species, which could exacerbate the loss of timber value and carbon storage already associated with logging. Moreover, simulation scenarios of host tree local species loss indicated that logging might decrease the robustness of liana–tree interaction networks if heavily infested trees (i.e. the most connected ones) were more likely to disappear. This effect is partially mitigated in the short term by the colonization of host trees by a greater diversity of liana species within logged forests, yet this might not compensate for the loss of preferred tree hosts in the long term. As a consequence, species interaction networks may show a lagged response to disturbance, which may trigger sudden collapses in species richness and ecosystem function in response to additional disturbances, representing a new type of ‘extinction debt’., A.M. was funded by a Basque Government postdoctoral fellowship and an ETH postdoctoral fellowship. Field research support was provided by an ARC Laureate awarded to W.F.L.

Published
2016

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