1. Indices for daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe analyzed for the period 1901–2000
- Author
-
Heikki Tuomenvirta, David Lister, Michael Petrakis, Enric Aguilar, Carlos Almarza, Kreso Pandzic, Radim Tolasz, Heinz Wanner, Hans Alexandersson, Jucundus Jacobeit, Hermann Österle, Òscar Saladié, Maurizio Maugeri, Pascal Yiou, Lisa V. Alexander, Ingeborg Auer, Jürg Luterbacher, Lidija Srnec, Paul M. Della-Marta, Giuseppina Micela, Hans Bergström, Elena Xoplaki, Michael Begert, Manola Brunet, Hans W. Linderholm, Friedrich-Wilhelm Gerstengarbe, Mariano Barriendos, Peter C. Werner, Albert Klein Tank, Javier Sigró, Philip Jones, C. J. Butler, Deliang Chen, Alexander Walther, Dmitra Founda, Achim Drebs, Andreas Philipp, Anders Moberg, Reinhard Böhm, John Caesar, Stockholm University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0207 environmental engineering ,Soil Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Trend surface analysis ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,climate extremes indices ,daily temperature and precipitation ,Europe ,Precipitation ,910 Geography & travel ,020701 environmental engineering ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Ecology ,Paleontology ,Forestry ,Geophysics ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,Climatology ,Period (geology) ,Environmental science ,Regional differences - Abstract
We analyze century-long daily temperature and precipitation records for stations in Europe west of 60 degrees E. A set of climatic indices derived from the daily series, mainly focusing on extremes, is defined. Linear trends in these indices are assessed over the period 1901-2000. Average trends, for 75 stations mostly representing Europe west of 20 degrees E, show a warming for all temperature indices. Winter has, on average, warmed more (similar to 1.0 degrees C/100 yr) than summer (similar to 0.8 degrees C), both for daily maximum (TX) and minimum (TN) temperatures. Overall, the warming of TX in winter was stronger in the warm tail than in the cold tail (1.6 and 1.5 degrees C for 98th and 95th, but similar to 1.0 degrees C for 2nd, 5th and 10th percentiles). There are, however, large regional differences in temperature trend patterns. For summer, there is a tendency for stronger warming, both for TX and TN, in the warm than in the cold tail only in parts of central Europe. Winter precipitation totals, averaged over 121 European stations north of 40 degrees N, have increased significantly by similar to 12% per 100 years. Trends in 90th, 95th and 98th percentiles of daily winter precipitation have been similar. No overall long-term trend occurred in summer precipitation totals, but there is an overall weak (statistically insignificant and regionally dependent) tendency for summer precipitation to have become slightly more intense but less common. Data inhomogeneities and relative sparseness of station density in many parts of Europe preclude more robust conclusions. It is of importance that new methods are developed for homogenizing daily data.
- Published
- 2006