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1. Regional climate downscaling over Europe: perspectives from the EURO-CORDEX community

Author: Jacob, Daniela, Teichmann, Claas, Sobolowski, Stefan, Katragkou, Eleni, Anders, Ivonne, Belda, Michal, Benestad, Rasmus, Boberg, Fredrik, Buonomo, Erasmo, Cardoso, Rita M., Casanueva, Ana, Christensen, Ole B., Christensen, Jens Hesselbjerg, Coppola, Erika, De Cruz, Lesley, Davin, Edouard L., Dobler, Andreas, Domínguez, Marta, Fealy, Rowan, Fernandez, Jesus, Gaertner, Miguel Angel, García-Díez, Markel, Giorgi, Filippo, Gobiet, Andreas, Goergen, Klaus, Gómez-Navarro, Juan José, Alemán, Juan Jesús González, Gutiérrez, Claudia, Gutiérrez, José M., Güttler, Ivan, Haensler, Andreas, Halenka, Tomáš, Jerez, Sonia, Jiménez-Guerrero, Pedro, Jones, Richard G., Keuler, Klaus, Kjellström, Erik, Knist, Sebastian, Kotlarski, Sven, Maraun, Douglas, van Meijgaard, Erik, Mercogliano, Paola, Montávez, Juan Pedro, Navarra, Antonio, Nikulin, Grigory, de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie, Panitz, Hans-Juergen, Pfeifer, Susanne, Piazza, Marie, Pichelli, Emanuela, Pietikäinen, Joni-Pekka, Prein, Andreas F., Preuschmann, Swantje, Rechid, Diana, Rockel, Burkhardt, Romera, Raquel, Sánchez, Enrique, Sieck, Kevin, Soares, Pedro M. M., Somot, Samuel, Srnec, Lidija, Sørland, Silje Lund, Termonia, Piet, Truhetz, Heimo, Vautard, Robert, Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Hamburg, Germany, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, Department of Meteorology and Climatology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), Vienna, Austria, Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Meteorology Group, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB), Brussels, Belgium, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, Madrid, Spain, ICARUS, Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems, Geoverbund ABC/J, Jülich, Germany, Regional Atmospheric Modeling Group, Department of Physics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain, Meteorology Group, Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain, Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Zagreb, Croatia, Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK, Chair of Atmospheric Processes, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden, Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich-Airport, Switzerland, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands, C.I.R.A., Capua, Italy, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Lecce, Italy, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, IPSL, Unité Mixte CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette cédex, France, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany, CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, Jacob D., Teichmann C., Sobolowski S., Katragkou E., Anders I., Belda M., Benestad R., Boberg F., Buonomo E., Cardoso R.M., Casanueva A., Christensen O.B., Christensen J.H., Coppola E., De Cruz L., Davin E.L., Dobler A., Dominguez M., Fealy R., Fernandez J., Gaertner M.A., Garcia-Diez M., Giorgi F., Gobiet A., Goergen K., Gomez-Navarro J.J., Aleman J.J.G., Gutierrez C., Gutierrez J.M., Guttler I., Haensler A., Halenka T., Jerez S., Jimenez-Guerrero P., Jones R.G., Keuler K., Kjellstrom E., Knist S., Kotlarski S., Maraun D., van Meijgaard E., Mercogliano P., Montavez J.P., Navarra A., Nikulin G., de Noblet-Ducoudre N., Panitz H.-J., Pfeifer S., Piazza M., Pichelli E., Pietikainen J.-P., Prein A.F., Preuschmann S., Rechid D., Rockel B., Romera R., Sanchez E., Sieck K., Soares P.M.M., Somot S., Srnec L., Sorland S.L., Termonia P., Truhetz H., Vautard R., Warrach-Sagi K., Wulfmeyer V., Electronics and Informatics, Physics, Universidad de Cantabria, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), CSIC-UC - Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), and European Commission
Subjects: IMPACTS, Climate Research, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Climate change, ENSEMBLE, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, COVER CHANGES, 11. Sustainability, ddc:330, Regional science, Adaptation (computer science), Temporal scales, TEMPERATURE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MODEL DESCRIPTION, Global and Planetary Change, regional climate models, EURO-CORDEX, Land use, LAND-USE, FUTURE CHANGES, 15. Life on land, SIMULATIONS, 020801 environmental engineering, Earth system science, CORDEX, Geography, ddc:551.6, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, MED-CORDEX, EURO-CORDEX, DAILY PRECIPITATION STATISTICS, Downscaling, Regional climate modelling, Regional climate models
Abstract: The European CORDEX (EURO-CORDEX) initiative is a large voluntary effort that seeks to advance regional climate and Earth system science in Europe. As part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) - Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), it shares the broader goals of providing a model evaluation and climate projection framework and improving communication with both the General Circulation Model (GCM) and climate data user communities. EURO-CORDEX oversees the design and coordination of ongoing ensembles of regional climate projections of unprecedented size and resolution (0.11° EUR-11 and 0.44° EUR-44 domains). Additionally, the inclusion of empirical-statistical downscaling allows investigation of much larger multi-model ensembles. These complementary approaches provide a foundation for scientific studies within the climate research community and others. The value of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble is shown via numerous peer-reviewed studies and its use in the development of climate services. Evaluations of the EUR-44 and EUR-11 ensembles also show the benefits of higher resolution. However, significant challenges remain. To further advance scientific understanding, two flagship pilot studies (FPS) were initiated. The first investigates local-regional phenomena at convection-permitting scales over central Europe and the Mediterranean in collaboration with the Med-CORDEX community. The second investigates the impacts of land cover changes on European climate across spatial and temporal scales. Over the coming years, the EURO-CORDEX community looks forward to closer collaboration with other communities, new advances, supporting international initiatives such as the IPCC reports, and continuing to provide the basis for research on regional climate impacts and adaptation in Europe., S.S. acknowledges the support of NOTUR/NORSTORE projects NN9280K/NS9001K and the Research Council of Norway and its basic institute support of the strategic project on Climate Services. E.K. acknowledges the support of the Greek Research & Technology Network (GRNET) for provision of technical support and facilities (HPC-ARIS). L.S. and I.G. acknowledge the support of Croatian Science Foundation project CARE (2831) and Ministry of Environment and Energy project TF/HR/P3-M1-O1-0101 (www.prilagodba-klimi.hr). J. F. acknowledges support from the Spanish R+D Programme through grant INSIGNIA (CGL2016-79210-R), co-funded by ERDF/FEDER, and the Altamira Supercomputer at Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA-CSIC), member of the Spanish Supercomputing Network. P.T. acknowledges support from the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) within the CORDEX.be (BR/143/A2) project, and the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government – department EWI.M.A.G. acknowledges support from the Spanish R+D Programme through grants CGL2013-47261-R and CGL2017-89583-R, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. RF acknowledges support provided by ICHEC (Irish Centre for High End Computing) and the Irish Environmental Protection Agency. K.G. and S.K. gratefully acknowledge the computing time granted through JARA-HPC on the supercomputers JUROPA and JURECA at Forschungszentrum Jülich. M.B. and T.H. acknowledge support by The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the Large Infrastructures for Research, Experimental Development and Innovations project “IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center – LM2015070” and the INTER-EXCELLENCE program LTT17007, and support by Charles University from the PROGRES Q16 program. We acknowledge the approval and support of the two Flagship Pilot Studies (the FPS on Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean and the FPS on Land Use and Climate Across Scales) by WRCP CORDEX. We thank Merja Tölle for providing simulation CCLM5-0-9-JLU as contribution to the CORDEX-FPS “Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean”. D. M., M.P., and H.T. gratefully acknowledge the support received via the projects HighEnd:Extremes, SPIRIT, and reclip:convex, funded by the Austrian Climate Research Programme (ACRP) of the Klima- und Energiefonds (nos. B368608, B960272, and B769999, respectively), as well as the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) for compute time on JURECA through the grant JJSC39 and the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC) through the grants 70992 and 71193.
Published: 2020

2. COVID‐19 Crisis Reduces Free Tropospheric Ozone Across the Northern Hemisphere

Author: Marc Allaart, Susan E. Strahan, Ryan M. Stauffer, Richard Querel, Anne M. Thompson, Nicholas B. Jones, Clare Paton-Walsh, Patrick Cullis, Tatsumi Nakano, Bryan J. Johnson, Gérard Ancellet, Thomas Blumenstock, Ankie Piters, Holger Deckelmann, Omaira García, Matthias Palm, Roeland Van Malderen, Kai-Lan Chang, Nis Jepsen, Antje Inness, M.B. Tully, Ralf Sussmann, Amelie N. Röhling, Gonzague Romanens, Dagmar Kubistin, Ana Diaz Rodriguez, Fernando Chouza, René Stübi, Owen R. Cooper, Emmanuel Mahieu, Kimberly Strong, Christian Plass-Dülmer, Jonathan Davies, Richard Engelen, Peter Oelsner, David W. Tarasick, Peter von der Gathen, Jose-Luis Hernandez, Michael Gill, Justus Notholt, Thierry Leblanc, Christian Servais, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Matthias Schneider, Norrie Lyall, Rigel Kivi, Carlos Torres, Shoma Yamanouchi, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Bogumil Kois, James W. Hannigan, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Andy Delcloo, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Met Office Lerwick, Universität Bremen, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Irish Meteorological Service (MET ÉIREANN), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, University of Toronto, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, University of Wollongong [Australia], National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), GSFC Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Wollongong, GFSC Earth Sciences Division, Kubistin, Dagmar, 1 Deutscher Wetterdienst Hohenpeißenberg Germany, Plass‐Dülmer, Christian, Davies, Jonathan, 2 Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto ONT Canada, Tarasick, David W., Gathen, Peter von der, 3 Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Potsdam Germany, Deckelmann, Holger, Jepsen, Nis, 4 Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark, Kivi, Rigel, 5 Finnish Meteorological Institute Sodankylä Finland, Lyall, Norrie, 6 British Meteorological Service Lerwick UK, Palm, Matthias, 7 University of Bremen Bremen Germany, Notholt, Justus, Kois, Bogumil, 8 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Legionowo Poland, Oelsner, Peter, 9 Deutscher Wetterdienst Lindenberg Germany, Allaart, Marc, 10 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute DeBilt The Netherlands, Piters, Ankie, Gill, Michael, 11 Met Éireann (Irish Met. Service) Valentia Ireland, Van Malderen, Roeland, 12 Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium Uccle Belgium, Delcloo, Andy W., Sussmann, Ralf, 13 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMK‐IFU Garmisch‐Partenkirchen Germany, Mahieu, Emmanuel, 14 Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics University of Liège Liège Belgium, Servais, Christian, Romanens, Gonzague, 15 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss Payerne Switzerland, Stübi, Rene, Ancellet, Gerard, 16 LATMOS Sorbonne Université‐UVSQ‐CNRS/INSU Paris France, Godin‐Beekmann, Sophie, Yamanouchi, Shoma, 17 University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada, Strong, Kimberly, Johnson, Bryan, 18 NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder CO USA, Cullis, Patrick, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Hannigan, James W., 20 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA, Hernandez, Jose‐Luis, 21 State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) Madrid Spain, Diaz Rodriguez, Ana, Nakano, Tatsumi, 22 Meteorological Research Institute Tsukuba Japan, Chouza, Fernando, 23 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Table Mountain Facility Wrightwood CA USA, Leblanc, Thierry, Torres, Carlos, 24 Izaña Atmospheric Research Center AEMET Tenerife Spain, Garcia, Omaira, Röhling, Amelie N., 25 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMK‐ASF Karlsruhe Germany, Schneider, Matthias, Blumenstock, Thomas, Tully, Matt, 26 Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Australia, Paton‐Walsh, Clare, 27 Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia, Jones, Nicholas, Querel, Richard, 28 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder New Zealand, Strahan, Susan, 29 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Earth Sciences Division Greenbelt MD USA, Stauffer, Ryan M., Thompson, Anne M., Inness, Antje, 32 European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reading UK, Engelen, Richard, Chang, Kai‐Lan, 19 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder CO USA, and Cooper, Owen R.
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pollution: Urban, Regional and Global, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Biogeosciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 01 natural sciences, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, LIDAR, Troposphere, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Emission reductions, ddc:550, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, Marine Pollution, RECORD, NOX, 551.51, Biogeochemistry, Ozone depletion, Oceanography: General, Pollution: Urban and Regional, Geophysics, Free troposphere, Emissions, Troposphere: Composition and Chemistry, The COVID‐19 pandemic: linking health, society and environment, Cryosphere, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Ozone, Megacities and Urban Environment, URBAN, Atmosphere, Paleoceanography, Altitude, COVID‐19, Research Letter, Global Change, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, Urban Systems, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], emissions, Northern Hemisphere, COVID-19, PROFILES, Aerosols and Particles, TRENDS, Earth sciences, ozone, Physics and Astronomy, troposphere, chemistry, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Natural Hazards
Abstract: Throughout spring and summer 2020, ozone stations in the northern extratropics recorded unusually low ozone in the free troposphere. From April to August, and from 1 to 8 kilometers altitude, ozone was on average 7% (≈4 nmol/mol) below the 2000–2020 climatological mean. Such low ozone, over several months, and at so many stations, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000. Atmospheric composition analyses from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and simulations from the NASA GMI model indicate that the large 2020 springtime ozone depletion in the Arctic stratosphere contributed less than one‐quarter of the observed tropospheric anomaly. The observed anomaly is consistent with recent chemistry‐climate model simulations, which assume emissions reductions similar to those caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. COVID‐19 related emissions reductions appear to be the major cause for the observed reduced free tropospheric ozone in 2020., Plain Language Summary: Worldwide actions to contain the COVID‐19 virus have closed factories, grounded airplanes, and have generally reduced travel and transportation. Less fuel was burnt, and less exhaust was emitted into the atmosphere. Due to these measures, the concentration of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decreased in the atmosphere. These substances are important for photochemical production and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. In clean or mildly polluted air, reducing nitrogen oxides and/or VOCs will reduce the photochemical production of ozone and result in less ozone. In heavily polluted air, in contrast, reducing nitrogen oxides can increase ozone concentrations, because less nitrogen oxide is available to destroy ozone. In this study, we use data from three types of ozone instruments, but mostly from ozonesondes on weather balloons. The sondes fly from the ground up to 30 kilometers altitude. In the first 8 km, we find significantly reduced ozone concentrations in the northern extratropics during spring and summer of 2020, less than in any other year since at least 2000. We suggest that reduced emissions due to the COVID‐19 crisis have lowered photochemical ozone production and have caused the observed ozone reductions in the troposphere., Key Points: In spring and summer 2020, stations in the northern extratropics report on average 7% (4 nmol/mol) less tropospheric ozone than normal Such low tropospheric ozone, over several months, and at so many sites, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000 Most of the reduction in tropospheric ozone in 2020 is likely due to emissions reductions related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, NASA | Earth Sciences Division (NASA Earth Science Division) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014573, Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Australian Research Council, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique ‐ FNRS (FNRS) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002661, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006360
Published: 2021

3. Seasonality of the particle number concentration and size distribution: a global analysis retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: C. Rose, M. Collaud Coen, E. Andrews, Y. Lin, I. Bossert, C. Lund Myhre, T. Tuch, A. Wiedensohler, M. Fiebig, P. Aalto, A. Alastuey, E. Alonso-Blanco, M. Andrade, B. Artíñano, T. Arsov, U. Baltensperger, S. Bastian, O. Bath, J. P. Beukes, B. T. Brem, N. Bukowiecki, J. A. Casquero-Vera, S. Conil, K. Eleftheriadis, O. Favez, H. Flentje, M. I. Gini, F. J. Gómez-Moreno, M. Gysel-Beer, A. G. Hallar, I. Kalapov, N. Kalivitis, A. Kasper-Giebl, M. Keywood, J. E. Kim, S.-W. Kim, A. Kristensson, M. Kulmala, H. Lihavainen, N.-H. Lin, H. Lyamani, A. Marinoni, S. Martins Dos Santos, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, F. Meinhardt, M. Merkel, J.-M. Metzger, N. Mihalopoulos, J. Ondracek, M. Pandolfi, N. Pérez, T. Petäjä, J.-E. Petit, D. Picard, J.-M. Pichon, V. Pont, J.-P. Putaud, F. Reisen, K. Sellegri, S. Sharma, G. Schauer, P. Sheridan, J. P. Sherman, A. Schwerin, R. Sohmer, M. Sorribas, J. Sun, P. Tulet, V. Vakkari, P. G. van Zyl, F. Velarde, P. Villani, S. Vratolis, Z. Wagner, S.-H. Wang, K. Weinhold, R. Weller, M. Yela, V. Zdimal, P. Laj, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Environmental Radioactivity Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR 'Demokritos' (NCSR 'Demokritos'), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), University of Utah, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University [Lund], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras Campus (UPR-RP), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR, Czech Republic, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG), Appalachian State University, University of North Carolina System (UNC), Atmospheric Sounding Station 'El Arenosillo', Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, 4S Company, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Helsinki, University of Granada [Granada], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, QC1-999, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, medicine, Cloud condensation nuclei, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, QD1-999, Diel vertical migration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Aerosol, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Climate model, Trollobservatoriet
Abstract: This research was supported by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ACTRIS2 (grant agreement no. 654109)), the University of Helsinki, the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the Department of Science and Innovation of South Africa, the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence programme (project no. 272041), the Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic (project no. 269095), the Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic: From Historical Concentrations and Sources to Future Climate Impacts (NABCEA, project no. 296302), the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea" (grant no. KMA2018-00522), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2017R1D1A1B06032548), the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program (grant no. KMI2018-01111), the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, the China Meteorological Administration, the National Scientific Foundation of China (41675129, 41875147), the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (grant no. 2016YFC0203305 and 2018YFC0213204), the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sci-ences (2020KJ001), the Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecasts of MOST and CMA, CNRS-INSU, the French Ministry for Research under the ACTRIS-FR national research infrastructure, the French Ministry of the Environment, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I, grant no. LO1415), ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" (grant no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315), CRISOL (CGL2017-85344-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government Y2018/EMT-5177), AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government P2018/EMT4329), REDMAAS2020 (RED2018-102594-T CIENCIA), Red de Excelencia ACTRIS-ESPANA (CGL2017-90884-REDT), the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, FEDER funds (project HOUSE, grant no. CGL2016-78594-R), the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2017 SGR41 and the DGQA), the National Institute for Aerospace Technology, the Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects no. CGL2016-81092-R, CGL2017-90884-REDT, RTI2018-097864-BI00 and PGC2018-098770-B-I00), the Andalusia Regional Government (project no. P18-RT-3820), the PANhellenic infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and climate change (MIS 5021516), Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation (grant no. NSRF 20142020), the Italian Ministry of Research and Education, the Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS, the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Magnus Bergvall foundation, the Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, and the Swedish EPA., Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system which influence climate directly by interacting with solar radiation, and indirectly by contributing to cloud formation. The variety of their sources, as well as the multiple transformations they may undergo during their transport (including wet and dry deposition), result in significant spatial and temporal variability of their properties. Documenting this variability is essential to provide a proper representation of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in climate models. Using measurements conducted in 2016 or 2017 at 62 ground-based stations around the world, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration (N-tot) and number size distribution (PNSD, from 39 sites). A sensitivity study was first performed to assess the impact of data availability on N-tot's annual and seasonal statistics, as well as on the analysis of its diel cycle. Thresholds of 50% and 60% were set at the seasonal and annual scale, respectively, for the study of the corresponding statistics, and a slightly higher coverage (75 %) was required to document the diel cycle. Although some observations are common to a majority of sites, the variety of environments characterizing these stations made it possible to highlight contrasting findings, which, among other factors, seem to be significantly related to the level of anthropogenic influence. The concentrations measured at polar sites are the lowest (similar to 10(2) cm(-3)) and show a clear seasonality, which is also visible in the shape of the PNSD, while diel cycles are in general less evident, due notably to the absence of a regular day-night cycle in some seasons. In contrast, the concentrations characteristic of urban environments are the highest (similar to 10(3)-10(4) cm(-3)) and do not show pronounced seasonal variations, whereas diel cycles tend to be very regular over the year at these stations. The remaining sites, including mountain and non-urban continental and coastal stations, do not exhibit as obvious common behaviour as polar and urban sites and display, on average, intermediate N-tot (similar to 10(2)-10(3) cm(-3)). Particle concentrations measured at mountain sites, however, are generally lower compared to nearby lowland sites, and tend to exhibit somewhat more pronounced seasonal variations as a likely result of the strong impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) influence in connection with the topography of the sites. ABL dynamics also likely contribute to the diel cycle of N-tot observed at these stations. Based on available PNSD measurements, CCN-sized particles (considered here as either >50 nm or >100 nm) can represent from a few percent to almost all of N-tot, corresponding to seasonal medians on the order of similar to 10 to 1000 cm(-3), with seasonal patterns and a hierarchy of the site types broadly similar to those observed for N-tot. Overall, this work illustrates the importance of in situ measurements, in particular for the study of aerosol physical properties, and thus strongly supports the development of a broad global network of near surface observatories to increase and homogenize the spatial coverage of the measurements, and guarantee as well data availability and quality. The results of this study also provide a valuable, freely available and easy to use support for model comparison and validation, with the ultimate goal of contributing to improvement of the representation of aerosol-cloud interactions in models, and, therefore, of the evaluation of the impact of aerosol particles on climate., European Commission's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (ACTRIS2) 654109, University of Helsinki, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Department of Science and Innovation of South Africa, Academy of Finland 272041, Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas, aerosol and albedo variations in the changing Arctic 269095, Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic: From Historical Concentrations and Sources to Future Climate Impacts (NABCEA) 296302, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea" KMA2018-00522, National Research Foundation of Korea 2017R1D1A1B06032548, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program KMI2018-01111, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, China Meteorological Administration, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41675129 41875147, National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2016YFC0203305 2018YFC0213204, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 2020KJ001, Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of MOST Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of CMA Innovation Team for Haze-fog Observation and Forecast of CNRS-INSU, French Ministry for Research under the ACTRIS-FR national research infrastructure, French Ministry of the Environment, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) LO1415, ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315, CRISOL CGL2017-85344, TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government) Y2018/EMT-5177, AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government) P2018/EMT4329, REDMAAS2020 RED2018-102594-T, Red de Excelencia ACTRIS-ESPANA CGL2017-90884-REDT, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, FEDER funds CGL2016-78594-R, Generalitat de Catalunya, General Electric AGAUR 2017 SGR41, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) Spanish Government CGL2017-90884-REDT CGL2016-81092-R RTI2018-097864-BI00 PGC2018-098770-B-I00, Andalusia Regional Government P18-RT-3820, PANhellenic infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and climate change MIS 5021516, Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation NSRF 20142020, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS, Swedish Research Council, Magnus Bergvall foundation, Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, Swedish EPA
Published: 2021

4. Brief communication: Ad hoc estimation of glacier contributions to sea-level rise from the latest glaciological observations

Author: Matthias Huss, Michael Zemp, Frank Paul, Nicolas Eckert, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Emmanuel Thibert, Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Fribourg, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss within Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Switzerland, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), INRAE Grenoble as part of LabEx OSUG@202, European Space Agency - European Commission : 4000109873/14/I-NB, University of Zurich, and Zemp, Michael
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 1904 Earth-Surface Processes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Sample (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 2312 Water Science and Technology, 910 Geography & travel, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:GE1-350, Estimation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Specific mass, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Earth, Glacier, Full sample, lcsh:Geology, 10122 Institute of Geography, Surface Processes, Sea level rise, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical geography, Geology
Abstract: Comprehensive assessments of global glacier mass changes based on a variety of observations and prevailing methodologies have been published at multi-annual intervals. For the years in between, the glaciological method provides annual observations of specific mass changes but is suspected to not be representative at the regional to global scales due to uneven glacier distribution with respect to the full sample. Here, we present a simple approach to estimate and correct for this bias in the glaciological sample and, hence, to provide an ad hoc estimate of global glacier mass changes and corresponding sea-level equivalents for the latest years, i.e. about -300±250 Gt in 2016/17 and -500±200 Gt in 2017/18.
Published: 2020

5. A global analysis of climate-relevant aerosol properties retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: P. Laj, A. Bigi, C. Rose, E. Andrews, C. Lund Myhre, M. Collaud Coen, Y. Lin, A. Wiedensohler, M. Schulz, J. A. Ogren, M. Fiebig, J. Gliß, A. Mortier, M. Pandolfi, T. Petäja, S.-W. Kim, W. Aas, J.-P. Putaud, O. Mayol-Bracero, M. Keywood, L. Labrador, P. Aalto, E. Ahlberg, L. Alados Arboledas, A. Alastuey, M. Andrade, B. Artíñano, S. Ausmeel, T. Arsov, E. Asmi, J. Backman, U. Baltensperger, S. Bastian, O. Bath, J. P. Beukes, B. T. Brem, N. Bukowiecki, S. Conil, C. Couret, D. Day, W. Dayantolis, A. Degorska, K. Eleftheriadis, P. Fetfatzis, O. Favez, H. Flentje, M. I. Gini, A. Gregorič, M. Gysel-Beer, A. G. Hallar, J. Hand, A. Hoffer, C. Hueglin, R. K. Hooda, A. Hyvärinen, I. Kalapov, N. Kalivitis, A. Kasper-Giebl, J. E. Kim, G. Kouvarakis, I. Kranjc, R. Krejci, M. Kulmala, C. Labuschagne, H.-J. Lee, H. Lihavainen, N.-H. Lin, G. Löschau, K. Luoma, A. Marinoni, S. Martins Dos Santos, F. Meinhardt, M. Merkel, J.-M. Metzger, N. Mihalopoulos, N. A. Nguyen, J. Ondracek, N. Pérez, M. R. Perrone, J.-E. Petit, D. Picard, J.-M. Pichon, V. Pont, N. Prats, A. Prenni, F. Reisen, S. Romano, K. Sellegri, S. Sharma, G. Schauer, P. Sheridan, J. P. Sherman, M. Schütze, A. Schwerin, R. Sohmer, M. Sorribas, M. Steinbacher, J. Sun, G. Titos, B. Toczko, T. Tuch, P. Tulet, P. Tunved, V. Vakkari, F. Velarde, P. Velasquez, P. Villani, S. Vratolis, S.-H. Wang, K. Weinhold, R. Weller, M. Yela, J. Yus-Diez, V. Zdimal, P. Zieger, N. Zikova, INAR Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), Environmental Radioactivity laboratory (ERL), Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety (INRASTES), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR)-National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Arctic Space Centre [Helsinki], Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, South African Weather Service (SAWS), Department of Medicine [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), 10092390 - Beukes, Johan Paul, European Commission, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), CNR - National Research Council of Italy, University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Laj, P., Bigi, A., Rose, C., Andrews, E., Lund Myhre, C., Collaud Coen, M., Lin, Y., Wiedensohler, A., Schulz, M., A. Ogren, J., Fiebig, M., Gliss, J., Mortier, A., Pandolfi, M., Petaja, T., Kim, S. -W., Aas, W., Putaud, J. -P., Mayol-Bracero, O., Keywood, M., Labrador, L., Aalto, P., Ahlberg, E., Alados Arboledas, L., Alastuey, A., Andrade, M., Artinano, B., Ausmeel, S., Arsov, T., Asmi, E., Backman, J., Baltensperger, U., Bastian, S., Bath, O., Paul Beukes, J., T. Brem, B., Bukowiecki, N., Conil, S., Couret, C., Day, D., Dayantolis, W., Degorska, A., Eleftheriadis, K., Fetfatzis, P., Favez, O., Flentje, H., I. Gini, M., Gregoric, A., Gysel-Beer, M., Gannet Hallar, A., Hand, J., Hoffer, A., Hueglin, C., K. Hooda, R., Hyvarinen, A., Kalapov, I., Kalivitis, N., Kasper-Giebl, A., Eun Kim, J., Kouvarakis, G., Kranjc, I., Krejci, R., Kulmala, M., Labuschagne, C., Lee, H. -J., Lihavainen, H., Lin, N. -H., Loschau, G., Luoma, K., Marinoni, A., Martins Dos Santos, S., Meinhardt, F., Merkel, M., Metzger, J. -M., Mihalopoulos, N., Anh Nguyen, N., Ondracek, J., Perez, N., Rita Perrone, M., Pichon, J. -M., Picard, D., Pont, V., Prats, N., Prenni, A., Reisen, F., Romano, S., Sellegri, K., Sharma, S., Schauer, G., Sheridan, P., Patrick Sherman, J., Schutze, M., Schwerin, A., Sohmer, R., Sorribas, M., Steinbacher, M., Sun, J., Titos, G., Toczko, B., Tuch, T., Tulet, P., Tunved, P., Vakkari, V., Velarde, F., Velasquez, P., Villani, P., Vratolis, S., Wang, S. -H., Weinhold, K., Weller, R., Yela, M., Yus-Diez, J., Zdimal, V., Zieger, P., and Zikova, N.
Subjects: Earth's energy budget, 1171 Geosciences, Atmospheric Science, Eearth radiation balance, PARTICLE NUMBER, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, Meteorology, VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, PARTICULATE MATTER, Solar radiation, Cloud condensation nuclei, lcsh:TA170-171, ORGANIC AEROSOL, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS, lcsh:TA715-787, Global Atmosphere Watch, REGIONAL BACKGROUND SITES, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Aerosol particles, OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, Albedo, Particulates, RADIATIVE PROPERTIES, Aerosol, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS, BLACK CARBON, Environmental science, Trollobservatoriet, Global Climate Monitoring System
Abstract: Aerosol particles are essential constituents of the Earth’s atmosphere, impacting the earth radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast to most greenhouse gases, aerosol particles have short atmospheric residence times, resulting in a highly heterogeneous distribution in space and time. There is a clear need to document this variability at regional scale through observations involving, in particular, the in situ near-surface segment of the atmospheric observation system. This paper will provide the widest effort so far to document variability of climate-relevant in situ aerosol properties (namely wavelength dependent particle light scattering and absorption coefficients, particle number concentration and particle number size distribution) from all sites connected to the Global Atmosphere Watch network. High-quality data from almost 90 stations worldwide have been collected and controlled for quality and are reported for a reference year in 2017, providing a very extended and robust view of the variability of these variables worldwide. The range of variability observed worldwide for light scattering and absorption coefficients, single-scattering albedo, and particle number concentration are presented together with preliminary information on their long-term trends and comparison with model simulation for the different stations. The scope of the present paper is also to provide the necessary suite of information, including data provision procedures, quality control and analysis, data policy, and usage of the ground-based aerosol measurement network. It delivers to users of the World Data Centre on Aerosol, the required confidence in data products in the form of a fully characterized value chain, including uncertainty estimation and requirements for contributing to the global climate monitoring system., European Commission Joint Research Centre 654109, European ERDF funds through different Spanish R&D projects of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, NorthWest University, University of Helsinki, Academy of Finland 272041, Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas 269095 296302, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea KMA2018-00522, National Research Foundation of Korea 2017R1D1A1B06032548, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program KMI2018-01111, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Ministry of Research, France, French Ministry of the Environment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) LO1415, ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315 CGL2017-85344-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government) Y2018/EMT-5177, AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government) P2018/EMT4329 REDMAAS2020 RED2018-102594-T CIENCIA, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, European Union (EU) CGL2016-78594-R, Generalitat de Catalunya AGAUR 2017 SGR41, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) MIS 5021516, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, NSRF, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS; Swedish Research Council (VR), Magnus Bergvall foundation, Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, Swedish EPA
Published: 2020

6. Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-Puy De Dôme: a multi-site for the long-term survey of the tropospheric composition and climate change

Author: J.-L. Baray, L. Deguillaume, A. Colomb, K. Sellegri, E. Freney, C. Rose, J. Van Baelen, J.-M. Pichon, D. Picard, P. Fréville, L. Bouvier, M. Ribeiro, P. Amato, S. Banson, A. Bianco, A. Borbon, L. Bourcier, Y. Bras, M. Brigante, P. Cacault, A. Chauvigné, T. Charbouillot, N. Chaumerliac, A.-M. Delort, M. Delmotte, R. Dupuy, A. Farah, G. Febvre, A. Flossmann, C. Gourbeyre, C. Hervier, M. Hervo, N. Huret, M. Joly, V. Kazan, M. Lopez, G. Mailhot, A. Marinoni, O. Masson, N. Montoux, M. Parazols, F. Peyrin, Y. Pointin, M. Ramonet, M. Rocco, M. Sancelme, S. Sauvage, M. Schmidt, E. Tison, M. Vaïtilingom, P. Villani, M. Wang, C. Yver-Kwok, P. Laj, Laboratoire de physique de l'atmosphère (LPA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), MeteoSwiss, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement [Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance] (PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ice cloud, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Climate change, Orography, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Trace gas, Aerosol, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Troposphere, Altitude, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, lcsh:TA170-171, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: For the last 25 years, CO-PDD (Cézeaux-Aulnat-Opme-puy de Dôme) has evolved to become a full instrumented platform for atmospheric research. It has received credentials as a national observing platform in France and is internationally recognized as a global station in the GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) network. It is a reference site of European and national research infrastructures ACTRIS (Aerosol Cloud and Trace gases Research Infrastructure) and ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observing System). The site located on top of the puy de Dôme mountain (1465 m a.s.l.) is completed by additional sites located at lower altitudes and adding the vertical dimension to the atmospheric observations: Opme (660 m a.s.l.), Cézeaux (410 m), and Aulnat (330 m). The integration of different sites offers a unique combination of in situ and remote sensing measurements capturing and documenting the variability of particulate and gaseous atmospheric composition, but also the optical, biochemical, and physical properties of aerosol particles, clouds, and precipitations. Given its location far away from any major emission sources, its altitude, and the mountain orography, the puy de Dôme station is ideally located to sample different air masses in the boundary layer or in the free troposphere depending on time of day and seasons. It is also an ideal place to study cloud properties with frequent presence of clouds at the top in fall and winter. As a result of the natural conditions prevailing at the site and of the very exhaustive instrumental deployment, scientific studies at the puy de Dôme strongly contribute to improving knowledge in atmospheric sciences, including the characterization of trends and variability, the understanding of complex and interconnected processes (microphysical, chemical, biological, chemical and dynamical), and the provision of reference information for climate/chemistry models. In this context, CO-PDD is a pilot site to conduct instrumental development inside its wind tunnel for testing liquid and ice cloud probes in natural conditions, or in situ systems to collect aerosol and cloud. This paper reviews 25 years (1995–2020) of atmospheric observation at the station and related scientific research contributing to atmospheric and climate science.
Published: 2020

7. Tailored algorithms for the detection of the atmospheric boundary layer height from common automatic lidars and ceilometers (Alc)

Author: Matthias Wiegner, Maxime Hervo, Yann Poltera, Martial Haeffelin, Sue Grimmond, Alexander Haefele, Jean Charles Dupont, Marc Antoine Drouin, Simone Kotthaus, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY UNIVERSITY OF READING GBR, University of Reading (UOR), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich [Germany] (LMU München), EP/P002331/1 Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Met Office, and Funding: This research was funded by ACTRIS-2 and EUMETNET through the E-PROFILE program. SIRTA is supported by CNES, École Polytechnique, INSU-CNRS, and IPSL. Contribution of SG funded by EPSRC DARE (EP/P002331/1) and Met Office.
Subjects: Daytime, Ceilometer, Lidar, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Science, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Future climate, E-PROFILE, 01 natural sciences, Boundary layer height, Deep convection, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, ALC network, boundary layer height, lidar, ceilometer, Pollution dispersion, Algorithm, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; A detailed understanding of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) processes is key to improve forecasting of pollution dispersion and cloud dynamics in the context of future climate scenarios. International networks of automatic lidars and ceilometers (ALC) are gathering valuable data that allow for the height of the ABL and its sublayers to be derived in near real time. A new generation of advanced methods to automatically detect the ABL heights now exist. However, diversity in ALC models means these algorithms need to be tailored to instrument-specific capabilities. Here, the advanced algorithm STRATfinder is presented for application to high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ALC observations, and results are compared to an automatic algorithm designed for low-SNR measurements (CABAM). The two algorithms are evaluated for application in an operational network setting. Results indicate that the ABL heights derived from low-SNR ALC have increased uncertainty during daytime deep convection, while high-SNR observations can have slightly reduced capabilities in detecting shallow nocturnal layers. Agreement between the ALC-based methods is similar when either is compared to the ABL heights derived from temperature profile data. The two independent methods describe very similar average diurnal and seasonal variations. Hence, high-quality products of ABL heights may soon become possible at national and continental scales.
Published: 2020

8. Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble

Author: M. Clyne, J.-F. Lamarque, M. J. Mills, M. Khodri, W. Ball, S. Bekki, S. S. Dhomse, N. Lebas, G. Mann, L. Marshall, U. Niemeier, V. Poulain, A. Robock, E. Rozanov, A. Schmidt, A. Stenke, T. Sukhodolov, C. Timmreck, M. Toohey, F. Tummon, D. Zanchettin, Y. Zhu, O. B. Toon, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing [Delft], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Environmental Sciences [New Brunswick], School of Environmental and Biological Sciences [New Brunswick], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Geography [Cambridge, UK], Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics [Venezia], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], European Project: 603557,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,STRATOCLIM(2013), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. PLR1643701 and AGS-1430051), the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (grant nos. 20F121_138017, 200021_169241, and 200020_182239), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant nos. TO 967/1-1 and FOR2820), the Seventh Framework Programme (grant no. STRATOCLIM (603557)), the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (grant no. SOLSPEC), and the Natural Environment Research Council (grant nos. NE/N006038/1, NE/S000887/1 and NE/N018001/1)., Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Settore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'Atmosfera, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sulfate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Effective radius, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, Vulcanian eruption, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemistry, Grid cell, Radiative forcing, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Climate model, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: As part of the Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP), several climate modeling centers performed a coordinated pre-study experiment with interactive stratospheric aerosol models simulating the volcanic aerosol cloud from an eruption resembling the 1815 Mt. Tambora eruption (VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble). The pre-study provided the ancillary ability to assess intermodel diversity in the radiative forcing for a large stratospheric-injecting equatorial eruption when the volcanic aerosol cloud is simulated interactively. An initial analysis of the VolMIP-Tambora ISA ensemble showed large disparities between models in the stratospheric global mean aerosol optical depth (AOD). In this study, we now show that stratospheric global mean AOD differences among the participating models are primarily due to differences in aerosol size, which we track here by effective radius. We identify specific physical and chemical processes that are missing in some models and/or parameterized differently between models, which are together causing the differences in effective radius. In particular, our analysis indicates that interactively tracking hydroxyl radical (OH) chemistry following a large volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important factor in allowing for the timescale for sulfate formation to be properly simulated. In addition, depending on the timescale of sulfate formation, there can be a large difference in effective radius and subsequently AOD that results from whether the SO2 is injected in a single model grid cell near the location of the volcanic eruption, or whether it is injected as a longitudinally averaged band around the Earth.
Published: 2020

9. Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations

Author: Elisabeth Andrews, Radovan Krejci, Gerhard Schauer, Martine Collaud Coen, Peter Tunved, Marcos Andrade, Angela Marinoni, Véronique Pont, Jing Ming, Marco Pandolfi, Harald Flentje, A. Gannet Hallar, Marina Ealo, Sergio Rodríguez, Ivo Kalapov, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Dominique Ruffieux, Junying Sun, Sangeeta Sharma, Ludwig Ries, Nhat Anh Nguyen, Diego Aliaga, Patricio Velasquez, Hristo Angelov, Neng Huei Lin, Rakesh K. Hooda, Paulo Fialho, Karine Sellegri, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Agrarian Sciences, University of Azores, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], European Commission, University of the Azores, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Climate monitoring, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric boundary layer, 01 natural sciences, Convective Boundary Layer, Latitude, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Altitude, Aerosoles, Aerosol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, High altitude stations, Formation events, Effects of high altitude on humans, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Nucleation, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: High altitude stations are often emphasized as free tropospheric measuring sites but they remain influenced by atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) air masses due to convective transport processes. The local and meso-scale topographical features around the station are involved in the convective boundary layer development and in the formation of thermally induced winds leading to ABL air lifting. The station altitude alone is not a sufficient parameter to characterize the ABL influence. In this study, a topography analysis is performed allowing calculation of a newly defined index called ABL-TopoIndex. The ABL-TopoIndex is constructed in order to correlate with the ABL influence at the high altitude stations and long-term aerosol time series are used to assess its validity. Topography data from the global digital elevation model GTopo30 were used to calculate five parameters for 43 high and 3 middle altitude stations situated on five continents. The geometric mean of these five parameters determines a topography based index called ABL-TopoIndex, which can be used to rank the high altitude stations as a function of the ABL influence. To construct the ABL-TopoIndex, we rely on the criteria that the ABL influence will be low if the station is one of the highest points in the mountainous massif, if there is a large altitude difference between the station and the valleys or high plains, if the slopes around the station are steep, and finally if the inverse drainage basin potentially reflecting the source area for thermally lifted pollutants to reach the site is small. All stations on volcanic islands exhibit a low ABL-TopoIndex, whereas stations in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau have high ABL-TopoIndex values. Spearman's rank correlation between aerosol optical properties and number concentration from 28 stations and the ABL-TopoIndex, the altitude and the latitude are used to validate this topographical approach. Statistically significant (SS) correlations are found between the 5th and 50th percentiles of all aerosol parameters and the ABL-TopoIndex, whereas no SS correlation is found with the station altitude. The diurnal cycles of aerosol parameters seem to be best explained by the station latitude although a SS correlation is found between the amplitude of the diurnal cycles of the absorption coefficient and the ABL-TopoIndex. © 2018 Author(s)., The authors gratefully acknowledge the following persons and organizations. – Wolfgang Schwanghart, the programmer of the TopoToolBox for putting his codes as a freeware and for all the kind and always rapid support he offers. – CHC: the Chacaltaya consortium and Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics at UMSA for taking care of the station and collecting the data. Swedish participation was supported by the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) and the Swedish research council FORMAS. – CMN: the European Commission funded ACTRIS, ACTRIS2 EU project and NEXTDATA National project funded by MIUR. – IZO: Global Atmospheric Watch program funded by AEMET and by the project AEROATLAN (CGL2015-66299-P), funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). – JFJ: International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG) and the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, within the Swiss program of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization, funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 654109 (ACTRIS2), and the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 15.0159-1. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Swiss Government. – LLN: the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. – MSA and MSY: MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), the MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment), the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2014 SGR33 and the DGQA) and FEDER funds under the PRISMA project (CGL2012-39623-C02/00). This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654109. Marco Pandolfi is funded by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2013-14036) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.
Published: 2018

10. Quality assessment of the Ozone_cci Climate Research Data Package (release 2017) – Part 2: Ground-based validation of nadir ozone profile data products

Author: A. Keppens, J.-C. Lambert, J. Granville, D. Hubert, T. Verhoelst, S. Compernolle, B. Latter, B. Kerridge, R. Siddans, A. Boynard, J. Hadji-Lazaro, C. Clerbaux, C. Wespes, D. R. Hurtmans, P.-F. Coheur, J. C. A. van Peet, R. J. van der A, K. Garane, M. E. Koukouli, D. S. Balis, A. Delcloo, R. Kivi, R. Stübi, S. Godin-Beekmann, M. Van Roozendael, C. Zehner, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, STRATO - LATMOS, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, TROPOSPHERIC OZONE, IASI, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:TA715-787, ASSIMILATION, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental engineering, MODEL, 010309 optics, GOME-2, Physics and Astronomy, RADIATIVE-TRANSFER, RETRIEVALS, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET, Sociologie politique, lcsh:TA170-171, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Atmospheric ozone plays a key role in air quality and the radiation budget of the Earth, both directly and through its chemical influence on other trace gases. Assessments of the atmospheric ozone distribution and associated climate change therefore demand accurate vertically resolved ozone observations with both stratospheric and tropospheric sensitivity, on both global and regional scales, and both in the long term and at shorter timescales. Such observations have been acquired by two series of European nadir-viewing ozone profilers, namely the scattered-light UV-visible spectrometers of the GOME family, launched regularly since 1995 (GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2A/B, TROPOMI, and the upcoming Sentinel-5 series), and the thermal infrared emission sounders of the IASI type, launched regularly since 2006 (IASI on Metop platforms and the upcoming IASI-NG on Metop-SG). In particular, several Level-2 retrieved, Level-3 monthly gridded, and Level-4 assimilated nadir ozone profile data products have been improved and harmonized in the context of the ozone project of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA Ozone-cci). To verify their fitness for purpose, these ozone datasets must undergo a comprehensive quality assessment (QA), including (a) detailed identification of their geographical, vertical, and temporal domains of validity; (b) quantification of their potential bias, noise, and drift and their dependences on major influence quantities; and (c) assessment of the mutual consistency of data from different sounders. For this purpose we have applied to the Ozone-cci Climate Research Data Package (CRDP) released in 2017 the versatile QA and validation system Multi-TASTE, which has been developed in the context of several heritage projects (ESA's Multi-TASTE, EUMETSAT's O3M-SAF, and the European Commission's FP6 GEOmon and FP7 QA4ECV). This work, as the second in a series of four Ozone-cci validation papers, reports for the first time on data content studies, information content studies and ground-based validation for both the GOME- and IASI-type climate data records combined. The ground-based reference measurements have been provided by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), NASA's Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other ozonesonde and lidar stations contributing to the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW). The nadir ozone profile CRDP quality assessment reveals that all nadir ozone profile products under study fulfil the GCOS user requirements in terms of observation frequency and horizontal and vertical resolution. Yet all L2 observations also show sensitivity outliers in the UTLS and are strongly correlated vertically due to substantial averaging kernel fluctuations that extend far beyond the kernel's 15km FWHM. The CRDP typically does not comply with the GCOS user requirements in terms of total uncertainty and decadal drift, except for the UV-visible L4 dataset. The drift values of the L2 GOME and OMI, the L3 IASI, and the L4 assimilated products are found to be overall insignificant, however, and applying appropriate altitude-dependent bias and drift corrections make the data fit for climate and atmospheric composition monitoring and modelling purposes. Dependence of the Ozone-cci data quality on major influence quantities - resulting in data screening suggestions to users - and perspectives for the Copernicus Sentinel missions are additionally discussed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

11. Optimal estimation method retrievals of stratospheric ozone profiles from a DIAL

Author: Alexander Haefele, Robert J. Sica, Ghazal Farhani, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Department of Physics and Astronomy [London, ON], University of Western Ontario (UWO), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Optimal estimation, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Detector, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 010309 optics, Dial, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Ozone layer, Environmental science, Density of air, lcsh:TA170-171, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: This paper provides a detailed description of a first-principle optimal estimation method (OEM) applied to ozone retrieval analysis using differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements. The air density, detector dead times, background coefficients, and lidar constants are simultaneously retrieved along with ozone density profiles. Using an averaging kernel, the OEM provides the vertical resolution of the retrieval as a function of altitude. A maximum acceptable height at which the a priori has a small contribution to the retrieval is calculated for each profile as well. Moreover, a complete uncertainty budget including both systematic and statistical uncertainties is given for each individual retrieved profile. Long-term stratospheric DIAL ozone measurements have been carried out at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) since 1985. The OEM is applied to three nights of measurements at OHP during an intensive ozone campaign in July 2017 for which coincident lidar–ozonesonde measurements are available. The retrieved ozone density profiles are in good agreement with both traditional analysis and the ozonesonde measurements. For the three nights of measurements, below 15 km the difference between the OEM and the sonde profiles is less than 25 %, and at altitudes between 15 and 25 km the difference is less than 10 %; the OEM can successfully catch many variations in ozone, which are detected in the sonde profiles due to its ability to adjust its vertical resolution as the signal varies. Above 25 km the difference between the OEM and the sonde profiles does not exceed 20 %.
Published: 2019

12. Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms – Part 2: Ozone DIAL uncertainty budget

Author: Alexander Haefele, Guillaume Payen, G. L. Liberti, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Thierry Leblanc, Thomas Trickl, Robert J. Sica, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics and Astronomy [London, ON], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), International Space Science Institute (ISSI), European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council, European Project: VALID, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lidar DIAL, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Background noise, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Ozone layer, ddc:550, Tropospheric ozone, NDACC, lcsh:TA170-171, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Covariance matrix, Noise (signal processing), lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Covariance, error budget, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Dial, ozone, Earth sciences, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract: A standardized approach for the definition, propagation, and reporting of uncertainty in the ozone differential absorption lidar data products contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. One essential aspect of the proposed approach is the propagation in parallel of all independent uncertainty components through the data processing chain before they are combined together to form the ozone combined standard uncertainty. The independent uncertainty components contributing to the overall budget include random noise associated with signal detection, uncertainty due to saturation correction, background noise extraction, the absorption cross sections of O3, NO2, SO2, and O2, the molecular extinction cross sections, and the number densities of the air, NO2, and SO2. The expression of the individual uncertainty components and their step-by-step propagation through the ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) processing chain are thoroughly estimated. All sources of uncertainty except detection noise imply correlated terms in the vertical dimension, which requires knowledge of the covariance matrix when the lidar signal is vertically filtered. In addition, the covariance terms must be taken into account if the same detection hardware is shared by the lidar receiver channels at the absorbed and non-absorbed wavelengths. The ozone uncertainty budget is presented as much as possible in a generic form (i.e., as a function of instrument performance and wavelength) so that all NDACC ozone DIAL investigators across the network can estimate, for their own instrument and in a straightforward manner, the expected impact of each reviewed uncertainty component. In addition, two actual examples of full uncertainty budget are provided, using nighttime measurements from the tropospheric ozone DIAL located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Table Mountain Facility, California, and nighttime measurements from the JPL stratospheric ozone DIAL located at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawai'i.
Published: 2016

13. Experimental Evidence of the Feeding of the Free Troposphere with Aerosol Particles from the Mixing Layer

Author: Montoux Nadege, Evelyn Freney, Bouvier Laeticia, Sellegri Karine, Colomb Aurelie, Hervo Maxime, Asmi Eija, Rose Clemence, Chauvigne Aurelien, Picard David, Baray Jean-Luc, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), MeteoSwiss, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 010501 environmental sciences, Sedimentation, Air mass (solar energy), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, High altitude site, Aerosol, Trace gas, Troposphere, Lidar, 13. Climate action, Radiative transfer, Environmental Chemistry, Aerosol mass spectrometry, Environmental science, Long-range transport, Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Aerosol particles emitted by both natural and anthropogenic sources have direct and indirect radiative impacts. Within the planetary mixing layer (ML), these particles are subjected to a large number of removal processes, e.g., rain, sedimentation, coagulation, and thus have a relatively short lifetime. Once aerosols are transported into the free troposphere (FT), their atmospheric lifetime increases significantly and they tend to be representative of large spatial areas. The work presented here shows evidence of anthropogenic emissions being transported from the ML to the FT during a cold period in February 2012. Using a wide range of in-situ measurements of aerosol chemical and physical properties at the Puy de Dome (PUY) station, as well as LIDAR measurements (at the Cezeaux site) of atmospheric back scattering we studied the exchange between the ML and the FT. Criteria used to identify when the PUY station was sampling in the ML or in the FT included mixing layer height estimates from LIDAR measurements, trace gas measurements, and air mass trajectories. Within the FT, we observed a gradual change in aerosol physical properties with increases in aerosol mass concentrations of up to 2 times the starting concentration, as well as increases in the number of larger particles (particle diameter >150 nm). Aerosol chemical properties showed increases in organic and nitrate particles. A series of linear fits were made through the data providing information on how different parameters change as a function of time. The impact of these changing aerosol properties are discussed in relation to the potential influence on aerosol direct and indirect effects. This work presents a unique combination of observations, and provide valuable data for future model validation.
Published: 2016

14. Introducing the atmospheric thermodynamics lidar in Space: ATLAS

Author: Roland Potthast, Philippe Keckhut, Alain Hauchecorne, Geraint Vaughan, Volker Wulfmeyer, Andreas Behrendt, Paolo Di Girolamo, David N. Whiteman, Mathias W. Rotach, Adolfo Comerón, Franco Marenco, Belay Demoz, Evelyne Richard, Joseph A. Santanello, Alan J. Geer, David D. Turner, Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS), Institut für Physik und Meteorologie [Stuttgart] (IPM), Universität Hohenheim, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Manchester] (NCAS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RSLAB - Grup de Recerca en Teledetecció, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Backscatter, Planetary boundary layer, aerosol, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Radar [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Weather forecasting, computer.software_genre, Atmospheric thermodynamics, Water vapour, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Troposphere, 0103 physical sciences, Aerosol, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Radar, Temperature, temperature, water vapour, Lidar, 13. Climate action, Temporal resolution, Raman lidar, Environmental science, Active remote sensing, active remote sensing, computer, Water vapor
Abstract: Our understanding of the distribution of heat and water in the atmosphere still shows critical gaps on all temporal and spatial scales. This is mainly due to a lack of accurate measurements of water vapor and temperature profiles -hereafter called thermodynamic (TD) profiles -withhigh vertical and temporal resolution, especially in the lower troposphere. Accurate, high temporal-spatial resolution observations of TD profiles are essential for improving weather forecasting and re-analyses, for studying land-atmosphere feedback processes and for improving model parameterizations of land-surface and turbulent transport processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. These observational gaps can be addressed with a new active remote sensing system in space based on the Raman lidar technique. Combining vibrational and rotational Raman backscatter signals, simultaneous measurements of water vapour and temperature profiles and a variety of derived variables are possible with unprecedented vertical and horizontal resolution, especially in the lower troposphere. This is the key concept of ATLAS, which was submitted in March 2018to the European Space Agency in response to the Call for Earth Explorer-10 Mission Ideas in the frame of ESAEOEP. An assessment of the expected performance of the systemand the specifications of the different lidar sub-systems has been performed based on the application ofan analytical simulation model for space-borne Raman lidar systems. Results from the simulations and technical aspects of the proposed mission will beillustrated at the conference.
Published: 2018

15. Solar irradiances measured using SPN1 radiometers: uncertainties and clues for development

Author: Laurent Vuilleumier, Dominique Demengel, Jordi Badosa, Martial Haeffelin, John Wood, Philippe Blanc, Charles N. Long, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Peak Design, Centre Observation, Impacts, Énergie (O.I.E.), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Simulation et Traitement de l'information pour l'Exploitation des systèmes de Production (EDF R&D STEP), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Radiation measurement, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Thermopile, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, lcsh:TA170-171, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Moving parts, Radiometer, lcsh:TA715-787, Photovoltaic system, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Thermodynamic system, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Environmental science, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The fast development of solar radiation and energy applications, such as photovoltaic and solar thermodynamic systems, has increased the need for solar radiation measurement and monitoring, not only for the global component but also for the diffuse and direct. End users look for the best compromise between getting close to state-of-the-art measurements and keeping low capital, maintenance and operating costs. Among the existing commercial options, SPN1 is a relatively low cost solar radiometer that estimates global and diffuse solar irradiances from seven thermopile sensors under a shading mask and without moving parts. This work presents a comprehensive study of SPN1 accuracy and sources of uncertainty, which results from laboratory experiments, numerical modeling and comparison studies between measurements from this sensor and state-of-the art instruments for six diverse sites. Several clues are provided for improving the SPN1 accuracy and agreement with state-of-the art measurements.
Published: 2018

16. Multiple perspectives on the attribution of the extreme European summer of 2012 to climate change

Author: Gabi Hegerl, Pascal Yiou, Laura Wilcox, Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, Rowan Sutton, Ioana Colfescu, Mathias Hauser, Fraser C. Lott, Buwen Dong, Len Shaffrey, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading ( UOR ) -University of Reading ( UOR ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), University of Reading (UOR)-University of Reading (UOR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Attribution, Precipitation, Drought, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Forcing (mathematics), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, Climatology, ddc:550, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Environmental science, Circulation (currency), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Summer 2012 was very wet in northern Europe, and unusually dry and hot in southern Europe. We use multiple approaches to determine whether anthropogenic forcing made the extreme European summer of 2012 more likely. Using a number of observation- and model-based methods, we find that there was an anthropogenic contribution to the extremes in southern Europe, with a qualitative consensus across all methodologies. There was a consensus across the methodologies that there has been a significant increase in the risk of hot summers in southern Europe with climate change. Most approaches also suggested a slight drying, but none of the results were statistically significant. The unusually wet summer in northern Europe was made more likely by the observed atmospheric circulation pattern in 2012, but no evidence was found for a long-term trend in circulation. ISSN:0930-7575 ISSN:1432-0894
Published: 2018

17. A European aerosol phenomenology – 6: scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles from 28 ACTRIS sites

Author: M. Pandolfi, L. Alados-Arboledas, A. Alastuey, M. Andrade, C. Angelov, B. Artiñano, J. Backman, U. Baltensperger, P. Bonasoni, N. Bukowiecki, M. Collaud Coen, S. Conil, E. Coz, V. Crenn, V. Dudoitis, M. Ealo, K. Eleftheriadis, O. Favez, P. Fetfatzis, M. Fiebig, H. Flentje, P. Ginot, M. Gysel, B. Henzing, A. Hoffer, A. Holubova Smejkalova, I. Kalapov, N. Kalivitis, G. Kouvarakis, A. Kristensson, M. Kulmala, H. Lihavainen, C. Lunder, K. Luoma, H. Lyamani, A. Marinoni, N. Mihalopoulos, M. Moerman, J. Nicolas, C. O'Dowd, T. Petäjä, J.-E. Petit, J. M. Pichon, N. Prokopciuk, J.-P. Putaud, S. Rodríguez, J. Sciare, K. Sellegri, E. Swietlicki, G. Titos, T. Tuch, P. Tunved, V. Ulevicius, A. Vaishya, M. Vana, A. Virkkula, S. Vratolis, E. Weingartner, A. Wiedensohler, P. Laj, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement, Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ADDAIR Sté (France), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology [Vilnius] (FTMC), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, European Commission, University of Granada [Granada], University of Helsinki, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), INAR Physics, and Department of Physics
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Angstrom exponent, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mass concentrations, Seasonal variation, NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS, Aerosol sources, radiative properties, 010501 environmental sciences, black carbon, western mediterranean basin, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, free troposphere, saharan dust, Factorization, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Positive matrix, Particle size, Particulates, lcsh:QC1-999, LIGHT-SCATTERING, optical-properties, in-situ, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MEDITERRANEAN BASIN, Phenomenology, Environment & Sustainability, Particle light scattering, Atmospheric aerosol, Scattering properties, Aerosol particle, Backscatter, Urbanisation, Mineral dust, Environment, 114 Physical sciences, Aerosol formation, medicine, Aerosol, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, particulate matter, Scattering, Aerosol properties, integrating nephelometer, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Concentration (composition), lcsh:QD1-999, Arctic, 13. Climate action, regional background sites, Environmental science, Particulate matter, Aerosol property, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper presents the light-scattering properties of atmospheric aerosol particles measured over the past decade at 28 ACTRIS observatories, which are located mainly in Europe. The data include particle light scattering (σsp) and hemispheric backscattering (σbsp) coefficients, scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), backscatter fraction (BF) and asymmetry parameter (g). An increasing gradient of σsp is observed when moving from remote environments (arctic/mountain) to regional and to urban environments. At a regional level in Europe, σsp also increases when moving from Nordic and Baltic countries and from western Europe to central/eastern Europe, whereas no clear spatial gradient is observed for other station environments. The SAE does not show a clear gradient as a function of the placement of the station. However, a west-to-east-increasing gradient is observed for both regional and mountain placements, suggesting a lower fraction of fine-mode particle in western/south-western Europe compared to central and eastern Europe, where the fine-mode particles dominate the scattering. The g does not show any clear gradient by station placement or geographical location reflecting the complex relationship of this parameter with the physical properties of the aerosol particles. Both the station placement and the geographical location are important factors affecting the intraannual variability. At mountain sites, higher σsp and SAE values are measured in the summer due to the enhanced boundary layer influence and/or new particle-formation episodes. Conversely, the lower horizontal and vertical dispersion during winter leads to higher σsp values at all low-altitude sites in central and eastern Europe compared to summer. These sites also show SAE maxima in the summer (with corresponding g minima). At all sites, both SAE and g show a strong variation with aerosol particle loading. The lowest values of g are always observed together with low σsp values, indicating a larger contribution from particles in the smaller accumulation mode. During periods of high σsp values, the variation of g is less pronounced, whereas the SAE increases or decreases, suggesting changes mostly in the coarse aerosol particle mode rather than in the fine mode. Statistically significant decreasing trends of σsp are observed at 5 out of the 13 stations included in the trend analyses. The total reductions of σsp are consistent with those reported for PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations over similar periods across Europe. © Author(s) 2018., Acknowledgements. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 654109, ACTRIS (project no. 262254), ACTRIS-PPP (project no. 739530). We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations JFJ (Jungfraujoch) and Gornergrat (HFSJG), which made it possible to carry out the experiments at the High Altitude Research JFJ Station and the support of MeteoSwiss within the Swiss programme of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the WMO. The MAD (Madrid) station is co-financed by the PROACLIM (CGL2014-52877-R) project. The SMR (Hyytiälä) station acknowledges BACCHUS (project no. 603445), CRAICC (project no. 26060) and the Academy of Finland (project no. 3073314). The UGR (Granada) station is co-financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project CGL2016-81092-R. Measurements at MSY (Montseny) and MSA (Montsec) stations were supported by the MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness) and FEDER funds under the PRISMA project (CGL2012-39623-C02/00) and under the HOUSE project (CGL2016-78594-R), by the MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2014 SGR33, AGAUR 2017 SGR41 and the DGQA). Measurements at IZO (Izaña) were supported by the AEROATLAN project (CGL2015-17 66229-P), co-funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund. Station KOS (Košetice) is supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the project to support the national research infrastructure ACTRIS – participation of the Czech Republic (ACTRIS-CZ – LM2015037). Measurements at PUY (Puy de Dôme) were partly supported by CNRS-INSU, University Clermont-Auvergne, OPGC and the french CLAP programme. The PAL (Pallas) station acknowledges KONE Foundation, Academy of Finland (project no. 269095 and no. 296302). CHC (Mt Chacaltaya) station received support from Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) under both Jeune Equipe programme attributed to LFA and support to ACTRIS-FR programme. CHC received grants from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d’avenir – ANR10 LABX56). Marco Pandolfi is funded by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2013-14036) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The authors would like to express their gratitude to David Carslaw and Karl Ropkins for providing the OpenAir software used in this paper (Carslaw and Ropkins, 2012; Carslaw, 2012). We also thank the co-editor Andreas Petzold and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
Published: 2018

18. Was the Cold European Winter of 2009/10 Modified by Anthropogenic Climate Change? An Attribution Study

Author: Laura Wilcox, Nils Hempelmann, Rene Orth, Robert Vautard, Katharina Klehmet, Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, Cathy Nangini, Jonathan Eden, Carmen Alvarez-Castro, Nikolaos Christidis, Pascal Yiou, Fraser C. Lott, Mathias Hauser, Tim Cowan, Ioana Colfescu, Andrew Ciavarella, Bo Christiansen, Simon F. B. Tett, Peter A. Stott, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], University of Leeds, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, ARCTIC SEA-ICE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, CIRCULATION, Climate change, TIME-SERIES, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Surrogate data, REANALYSIS, EXTREME EVENTS, MIDLATITUDE WEATHER, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Precipitation, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global warming, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, 13. Climate action, Skewness, North Atlantic oscillation, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, PRECIPITATION, Environmental science, Climate model, SURROGATE DATA, Quantile
Abstract: International audience; An attribution study has been performed to investigate the degree to which the unusually cold European winter of 2009/10 was modified by anthropogenic climate change. Two different methods have been included for the attribution: one based on large HadGEM3-A ensembles and one based on a statistical surrogate method. Both methods are evaluated by comparing simulated winter temperature means, trends, standard deviations, skewness, return periods, and 5% quantiles with observations. While the surrogate method performs well, HadGEM3-A in general underestimates the trend in winter by a factor of ⅔. It has a mean cold bias dominated by the mountainous regions and also underestimates the cold 5% quantile in many regions of Europe. Both methods show that the probability of experiencing a winter as cold as 2009/10 has been reduced by approximately a factor of 2 because of anthropogenic changes. The method based on HadGEM3-A ensembles gives somewhat larger changes than the surrogate method because of differences in the definition of the unperturbed climate. The results are based on two diagnostics: the coldest day in winter and the largest continuous area with temperatures colder than twice the local standard deviation. The results are not sensitive to the choice of bias correction except in the mountainous regions. Previous results regarding the behavior of the measures of the changed probability have been extended. The counterintuitive behavior for heavy-tailed distributions is found to hold for a range of measures and for events that become more rare in a changed climate
Published: 2018

19. Using NO2 Satellite Observations to Support Satellite-based CO2 Emission Estimates of Cities and Power Plants

Author: Oliver Fuhrer, Valentin Clément, Julia Marshal, Grégoire Broquet, Dominik Brunner, Armin Löscher, Yasjka Meijer, Gerrit Kuhlmann, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Power (physics), 13. Climate action, Digital image processing, Environmental science, Satellite, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Image resolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: We created synthetic CO2 and NO2 satellite observations and compared various methods for estimating anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The NO2 observations increased the number of detected CO2 plumes and reduced mean bias and scatter of the emission estimates making an NO2 instrument a valuable addition.
Published: 2018

20. Stochastic generation of multi-site daily precipitation focusing on extreme events

Author: Guillaume Evin, Anne-Catherine Favre, Benoit Hingray, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Swiss Federal Office for Environment (FOEN), Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI), Federal Office for Civil Protection (FOCP), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, through the project EXAR ('Evaluation of extreme Flooding Events within the Aare-Rhine hydrological system in Switzerland'), Érosion torrentielle, neige et avalanches ( ETNA ), Irstea, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement ( IGE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stochastic modelling, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Magnitude (mathematics), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:TD1-1066, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Rare events, Precipitation, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Temporal scales, Representation (mathematics), stochastic models, TEMPERATURE, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, MODELE STOCHASTIQUE, lcsh:T, Tail dependence, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Focus (optics)
Abstract: Many multi-site stochastic models have been proposed for the generation of daily precipitation, but they generally focus on the reproduction of low to high precipitation amounts at the stations concerned. This paper proposes significant extensions to the multi-site daily precipitation model introduced by Wilks, with the aim of reproducing the statistical features of extremely rare events (in terms of frequency and magnitude) at different temporal and spatial scales. In particular, the first extended version integrates heavy-tailed distributions, spatial tail dependence, and temporal dependence in order to obtain a robust and appropriate representation of the most extreme precipitation fields. A second version enhances the first version using a disaggregation method. The performance of these models is compared at different temporal and spatial scales on a large region covering approximately half of Switzerland. While daily extremes are adequately reproduced at the stations by all models, including the benchmark Wilks version, extreme precipitation amounts at larger temporal scales (e.g., 3-day amounts) are clearly underestimated when temporal dependence is ignored.
Published: 2018

21. How much of the global aerosol optical depth is found in the boundary layer and free troposphere?

Author: Quentin Bourgeois, Annica M. L. Ekman, Jean-Baptiste Renard, Radovan Krejci, Abhay Devasthale, Frida A.-M. Bender, Ilona Riipinen, Gwenaël Berthet, Jason L. Tackett, Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Stockholm University, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), and Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 020701 environmental engineering, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The global aerosol extinction from the CALIOP space lidar was used to compute aerosol optical depth (AOD) over a nine-year period (2007–2015) and partitioned between the boundary layer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) using BL heights obtained from the ERA-Interim archive. The results show that the vertical distribution of AOD does not follow the diurnal cycle of the BL but remains similar between day and night highlighting the presence of a residual layer during night. The BL and FT contribute 69 % and 31 %, respectively, to the global tropospheric AOD during daytime in line with observations obtained using the Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) instrument. The FT AOD contribution is larger in the tropics than at mid-latitudes which indicates that convective transport largely controls the vertical profile of aerosols. Over oceans, the FT AOD contribution is mainly governed by long-range transport of aerosols from emission sources located within neighboring continents. According to the CALIOP aerosol classification, dust and smoke particles are the main aerosol types transported into the FT. Overall, the study shows that the fraction of AOD in the FT – and thus potentially located above low-level clouds – is substantial and deserves more attention when evaluating the radiative effect of aerosols in climate models. More generally, the results have implications for process determining the overall budgets, sources, sinks and transport of aerosol particles and their description in atmospheric models.
Published: 2018

22. Round-robin evaluation of nadir ozone profile retrievals: methodology and application to MetOp-A GOME-2

Author: A. Keppens, J.-C. Lambert, J. Granville, G. Miles, R. Siddans, J. C. A. van Peet, R. J. van der A, D. Hubert, T. Verhoelst, A. Delcloo, S. Godin-Beekmann, R. Kivi, R. Stübi, C. Zehner, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Optimal estimation, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Reference data (financial markets), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 010309 optics, Data set, Lidar, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Nadir, Environmental science, Satellite, lcsh:TA170-171, Smoothing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: A methodology for the round-robin evaluation and the geophysical validation of ozone profile data retrieved from nadir UV backscatter satellite measurements is detailed and discussed, consisting of data set content studies, information content studies, co-location studies, and comparisons with reference measurements. Within the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative on ozone (Ozone_cci project), the proposed round-robin procedure is applied to two nadir ozone profile data sets retrieved at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL, United Kingdom), using their respective OPERA v1.26 and RAL v2.1 optimal estimation algorithms, from MetOp-A GOME-2 (i.e. the second generation Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment on the first Meteorological Operational Satellite) measurements taken in 2008. The ground-based comparisons use ozonesonde and lidar profiles as reference data, acquired by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other stations of the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW). This direct illustration highlights practical issues that inevitably emerge from discrepancies in e.g. profile representation and vertical smoothing, for which different recipes are investigated and discussed. Several approaches for information content quantification, vertical resolution estimation, and reference profile resampling are compared and applied as well. The paper concludes with compliance estimates of the two GOME-2 ozone profile data sets with user requirements from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and from climate modellers.
Published: 2015

23. Validation of 10-year SAO OMI Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product using ozonesonde observations

Author: Tristan J. Hall, Bertrand Calpini, Bogumil Kois, Roeland Van Malderen, René Stübi, Marion Marchand, Marc Allaart, Masatomo Fujiwara, Thierry Leblanc, Anne M. Thompson, M.B. Tully, Richard Querel, Everette Joseph, Françoise Posny, Ghassan Taha, Kai Yang, Zhaonan Cai, Giovanni Laneve, Michael J. Newchurch, Manvendra K. Dubey, Gary A. Morris, Hugo De Backer, Rinus Scheele, Xiong Liu, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Kenneth R. Minschwaner, Nozomu Ohkawara, Ankie Piters, Kelly Chance, Shin-Ya Ogino, Margarita Yela, Ninong Komala, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, H. B. Selkirk, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Guanyu Huang, Manuel Cupeiro, Valérie Thouret, Holger Vömel, Russell C. Schnell, Gerrie Coetzee, Pawan K. Bhartia, Masato Shiotani, Gérard Ancellet, Otto Schrems, Bryan J. Johnson, Gert König-Langlo, Rigel Kivi, F. J. Schmidlin, Peter von der Gathen, P. Skrivankova, David W. Tarasick, Henry E. Fuelberg, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science [College Park] (AOSC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, South African Weather Service (SAWS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), National Meteorological Service [Ushuaia], Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science [Tallahassee] (FSU | EOAS), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Faculty of Environmental Earth Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], STRATO - LATMOS, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Earth Observation Satellite Images Applications Laboratory (EOSIAL), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics [Socorro], New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), St. Edward's University, Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Department of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research (DCOP), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Global Environment and Marine Department [Tokyo], Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, Earth Observing Laboratory [Boulder] (EOL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR)-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Kyoto University, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cloud cover, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Troposphere, Ozone layer, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, validation, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:TA715-787, Anomaly (natural sciences), OMI, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, ozone, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Trace gas, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science
Abstract: We validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. We also evaluate the effects of OMI row anomaly (RA) on the retrieval by dividing the dataset into before and after the occurrence of serious OMI RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004–2008) and post-RA (2009–2014). The retrieval shows good agreement with ozonesondes in the tropics and midlatitudes and for pressure ∼ 50 hPa after applying OMI averaging kernels to ozonesonde data. The MBs of the stratospheric ozone column (SOC, the ozone column from the tropopause pressure to the ozonesonde burst pressure) are within 2 % with SDs of ∼ 50 hPa. The SOC MBs increase up to 3 % with SDs as great as 6 % and the TOC SDs increase up to 30 %. The comparison generally degrades at larger solar zenith angles (SZA) due to weaker signals and additional sources of error, leading to worse performance at high latitudes and during the midlatitude winter. Agreement also degrades with increasing cloudiness for pressure > ∼ 100 hPa and varies with cross-track position, especially with large MBs and SDs at extreme off-nadir positions. In the tropics and midlatitudes, the post-RA comparison is considerably worse with larger SDs reaching 2 % in the stratosphere and 8 % in the troposphere and up to 6 % in TOC. There are systematic differences that vary with latitude compared to the pre-RA comparison. The retrieval comparison demonstrates good long-term stability during the pre-RA period but exhibits a statistically significant trend of 0.14–0.7 % year−1 for pressure
Published: 2017

24. An update on ozone profile trends for the period 2000 to 2016

Author: W. Steinbrecht, L. Froidevaux, R. Fuller, R. Wang, J. Anderson, C. Roth, A. Bourassa, D. Degenstein, R. Damadeo, J. Zawodny, S. Frith, R. McPeters, P. Bhartia, J. Wild, C. Long, S. Davis, K. Rosenlof, V. Sofieva, K. Walker, N. Rahpoe, A. Rozanov, M. Weber, A. Laeng, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, N. Kramarova, S. Godin-Beekmann, T. Leblanc, R. Querel, D. Swart, I. Boyd, K. Hocke, N. Kämpfer, E. Maillard Barras, L. Moreira, G. Nedoluha, C. Vigouroux, T. Blumenstock, M. Schneider, O. García, N. Jones, E. Mahieu, D. Smale, M. Kotkamp, J. Robinson, I. Petropavlovskikh, N. Harris, B. Hassler, D. Hubert, F. Tummon, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC), NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), Innovim LLC, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), ESRL Chemical Sciences Division [Boulder] (CSD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lauder Atmospheric Research Station, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Bc Scientific Consulting LLC, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Institut für angewandte Physik [Bern] (IAP), Universität Bern [Bern], Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), Centre for Atmospheric Informatics and Emissions Technology, Cranfield University, Bodeker Scientific, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, Ozone layer, Montreal Protocol, ddc:550, Ozone profile trends, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 620 Engineering, lcsh:QC1-999, Earth sciences, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Satellite data, Period (geology), Environmental science, Upper stratosphere, Satellite, Ozone depleting chlorine, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Ozone profile trends over the period 2000 to 2016 from several merged satellite ozone data sets and from ground-based data measured by four techniques at stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change indicate significant ozone increases in the upper stratosphere, between 35 and 48 km altitude (5 and 1 hPa). Near 2 hPa (42 km), ozone has been increasing by about 1.5 % per decade in the tropics (20° S to 20° N), and by 2 to 2.5 % per decade in the 35 to 60° latitude bands of both hemispheres. At levels below 35 km (5 hPa), 2000 to 2016 ozone trends are smaller and not statistically significant. The observed trend profiles are consistent with expectations from chemistry climate model simulations. This study confirms positive trends of upper stratospheric ozone already reported, e.g., in the WMO/UNEP Ozone Assessment 2014 or by Harris et al. (2015). Compared to those studies, three to four additional years of observations, updated and improved data sets with reduced drift, and the fact that nearly all individual data sets indicate ozone increase in the upper stratosphere, all give enhanced confidence. Uncertainties have been reduced, for example for the trend near 2 hPa in the 35 to 60° latitude bands from about ±5 % (2σ) in Harris et al. (2015) to less than ±2 % (2σ). Nevertheless, a thorough analysis of possible drifts and differences between various data sources is still required, as is a detailed attribution of the observed increases to declining ozone-depleting substances and to stratospheric cooling. Ongoing quality observations from multiple independent platforms are key for verifying that recovery of the ozone layer continues as expected. Fiona Tummon was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant num-5 ber 20FI21_138017.
Published: 2017

25. Comparison of 30 THz impulsive burst time development to microwaves, H α , EUV, and GOES soft X-rays

Author: Pierre Kaufmann, D. P. Cabezas, S. L. Freeland, Marian Karlický, M. M. Cassiano, Rositsa Miteva, A. S. Kudaka, Stephen M. White, A. Kerdraon, R. Marcon, Gerard Trottet, Jean-Pierre Raulin, M. L. Luoni, L. O. T. Fernandes, Space Research and Technology Institute [Sofia], Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Departamento de Física [Coimbra] (DFC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (ASU / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Terahertz radiation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Chromosphere, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Solar flare, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Wavelength, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Microwave, Flare
Abstract: The recent discovery of impulsive solar burst emission in the 30 THz band is raising new interpretation challenges. One event associated with a GOES M2 class flare has been observed simultaneously in microwaves, H-alpha, EUV, and soft X-ray bands. Although these new observations confirm some features found in the two prior known events, they exhibit time profile structure discrepancies between 30 THz, microwaves, and hard X-rays (as inferred from the Neupert effect). These results suggest a more complex relationship between 30 THz emission and radiation produced at other wavelength ranges. The multiple frequency emissions in the impulsive phase are likely to be produced at a common flaring site lower in the chromosphere. The 30 THz burst emission may be either part of a nonthermal radiation mechanism or due to the rapid thermal response to a beam of high-energy particles bombarding the dense solar atmosphere., Comment: accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2016

26. Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records

Author: Bryan J. Johnson, Ghassan Taha, David W. Tarasick, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Marion Marchand, J. C. Lambert, Kerstin Stebel, Elian Wolfram, Adam Bourassa, Herman G. J. Smit, Arno Keppens, Daan Hubert, Hideaki Nakane, C. Thomas McElroy, Daan Swart, Ugo Cortesi, Karl W. Hoppel, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Donal P. Murtagh, James M. Russell, Tijl Verhoelst, Anne M. Thompson, Peter von der Gathen, Erkki Kyrölä, Günter Lichtenberg, Richard Querel, Kevin Strawbridge, Doug Degenstein, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Kaley A. Walker, Joachim Urban, Roeland Van Malderen, Thierry Portafaix, José Granville, Jean-Luc Baray, Thierry Leblanc, Lucien Froidevaux, Jacobo Salvador, René Stübi, Joseph M. Zawodny, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), University of York [York, UK], Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Kochi University of Technology (KUT), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, Ozone depletion, SCIAMACHY, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Troposphere, Zeppelinobservatoriet, 13. Climate action, Stratopause, Ozone layer, ddc:550, Environmental science, Tropopause, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5–12 % and the drifts are at most ±5 % decade−1 (or even ±3 % decade−1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10 % and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
Published: 2016

27. Proposed standardized definitions for vertical resolution and uncertainty in the NDACC lidar ozone and temperature algorithms – Part 1: Vertical resolution

Author: Thierry Leblanc, Guillaume Payen, Alexander Haefele, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Thomas Trickl, Robert J. Sica, Franck Gabarrot, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics and Astronomy [London, ON], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Canadian National Sciences and Engineering Research Council, European Space Agency (ESA), European Project: VALID, Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Heaviside step function, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Filter (signal processing), 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Filter design, Earth sciences, Lidar, Sampling (signal processing), 0103 physical sciences, symbols, ddc:550, lcsh:TA170-171, Digital filter, Algorithm, Impulse response, Smoothing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics
Abstract: A standardized approach for the definition and reporting of vertical resolution of the ozone and temperature lidar profiles contributing to the Network for the Detection for Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) database is proposed. Two standardized definitions homogeneously and unequivocally describing the impact of vertical filtering are recommended. The first proposed definition is based on the width of the response to a finite-impulse-type perturbation. The response is computed by convolving the filter coefficients with an impulse function, namely, a Kronecker delta function for smoothing filters, and a Heaviside step function for derivative filters. Once the response has been computed, the proposed standardized definition of vertical resolution is given by Δz = δz × HFWHM, where δz is the lidar's sampling resolution and HFWHM is the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the response, measured in sampling intervals. The second proposed definition relates to digital filtering theory. After applying a Laplace transform to a set of filter coefficients, the filter's gain characterizing the effect of the filter on the signal in the frequency domain is computed, from which the cut-off frequency fC, defined as the frequency at which the gain equals 0.5, is computed. Vertical resolution is then defined by Δz = δz∕(2fC). Unlike common practice in the field of spectral analysis, a factor 2fC instead of fC is used here to yield vertical resolution values nearly equal to the values obtained with the impulse response definition using the same filter coefficients. When using either of the proposed definitions, unsmoothed signals yield the best possible vertical resolution Δz = δz (one sampling bin). Numerical tools were developed to support the implementation of these definitions across all NDACC lidar groups. The tools consist of ready-to-use “plug-in” routines written in several programming languages that can be inserted into any lidar data processing software and called each time a filtering operation occurs in the data processing chain. When data processing implies multiple smoothing operations, the filtering information is analytically propagated through the multiple calls to the routines in order for the standardized values of vertical resolution to remain theoretically and numerically exact at the very end of data processing.
Published: 2016

28. Assimilation of humidity and temperature observations retrieved from ground-based microwave radiometers into a convective-scale NWP model

Author: Caumont, O.a, Cimini, D.b, j, Löhnert, U.c, Alados-Arboledas, L.d, Bleisch, R.e, Buffa, F.f, Ferrario, M.E.g, Haefele, A.h, Huet, T.i, Madonna, F.j, Pace, G.k, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis of the National Research Council (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Granada], Universidad de Granada (UGR), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection of the Veneto (ARPAV), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], ONERA, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Potenza] (CNR), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: Rapid update cycle, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, law.invention, Data assimilation, MWRnet, law, Arome-WMed, Mesoscale data assimilation, Precipitation, Heavy-precipitation events, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radiometer, Humidity, Numerical weather prediction, Ground-based remote sensing, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Numerical modelling, Radiosonde, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Environmental science, HyMeX, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Temperature and humidity retrievals from an international network of ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) have been collected to assess the potential of their assimilation into a convective-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. Thirteen stations over a domain encompassing the western Mediterranean basin were considered for a time period of 41 days in autumn, when heavy precipitation events most often plague this area.Prior to their assimilation, MWR data were compared to very-short-term forecasts. Observation-minus-background statistics revealed some biases, but standard deviations were comparable to that obtained with radiosondes. The MWR data were then assimilated in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system through the use of a rapid update cycle. A first set of four different experiments were designed to assess the impact of the assimilation of temperature and humidity profiles, both separately and jointly. This assessment was done through the use of a comprehensive dataset of upper-air and surface observations collected in the framework of the HyMeX programme.The results showed that the impact was generally very limited on all verified parameters, except for precipitation. The impact was found to be generally beneficial in terms of most verification metrics for about 18 h, especially for larger accumulations. Two additional data-denial experiments showed that even more positive impact could be obtained when MWR data were assimilated without other redundant observations. The conclusion of the study points to possible ways of enhancing the impact of the assimilation of MWR data in convective-scale NWP systems.
Published: 2016

29. New particle formation and ultrafine charged aerosol climatology at a high altitude site in the Alps (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland)

Author: R. Bütikofer, Paolo Laj, David Picard, M. Collaud Coen, G. Wehrle, E. Flückiger, H. Venzac, Karine Sellegri, Urs Baltensperger, J. Boulon, Ernest Weingartner, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Nucleation, 010501 environmental sciences, Effects of high altitude on humans, Seasonality, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Eastern european, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, medicine, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Air mass, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We investigate the formation and growth of charged aerosols clusters at Jungfraujoch, in the Swiss Alps (3580 m a.s.l.), the highest altitude site of the European EUCAARI project intensive campaign. Charged particles and clusters (0.5–1.8 nm) were measured from April 2008 to April 2009 and allowed the detection of nucleation events in this very specific environment (presence of free tropospheric air and clouds). We found that the naturally charged aerosol concentrations, which are dominated by the cluster size class, shows a strong diurnal pattern likely linked to valley breezes transporting surface layer ion precursors, presumably radon. Cosmic rays were found not to be the major ion source at the measurement site. However, at night, when air masses are more representative of free tropospheric conditions, we found that the cluster concentrations are still high. The charged aerosol size distribution and concentration are strongly influenced by the presence of clouds at the station. Clouds should be taken into account when deriving high altitude nucleation statistics. New particle formation occurs on average 17.5% of the measurement period and shows a weak seasonality with a minimum of frequency during winter, but this seasonality is enhanced when the data set is screened for periods when the atmospheric station is out of clouds. The role of ions in the nucleation process was investigated and we found that the ion-mediated nucleation explains 22.3% of the particle formation. The NPF events frequency is correlated with UV radiation but not with calculated H2SO4 concentrations, suggesting that other compounds such as organic vapors are involved in the nucleation and subsequently growth process. In fact, NPF events frequency also surprisingly increases with the condensational sink (CS), suggesting that at Jungfraujoch, the presence of condensing vapours probably coupled with high CS are driving the occurrence of NPF events. A strong link to the air mass path was also pointed out and events were observed to be frequently occurring in Eastern European air masses, which present the highest condensational sink. In these air masses, pre-existing cluster concentrations are more than three time larger than in other air masses during event days, and no new clusters formation is observed, contrarily to what is happening in other air mass types.
Published: 2010

30. Extreme events in total ozone over Arosa – Part 1: Application of extreme value theory

Author: J. A. Maeder, Mathieu Ribatet, Philipp Weihs, F. Holawe, Th. Peter, Anthony C. Davison, Harald E. Rieder, René Stübi, Johannes Staehelin, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de Mathématiques et de Modélisation de Montpellier (I3M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département de Mathématiques - EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Institute for Meteorology and Climatology [Vienna] (BOKU-Met), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), and Institute for Geography and Regional Research
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Maxima and minima, lcsh:Chemistry, 010104 statistics & probability, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Generalized Pareto distribution, Polar vortex, Climatology, Ozone layer, Range (statistics), Environmental science, 0101 mathematics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Extreme value theory, Maxima, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: In this study ideas from extreme value theory are for the first time applied in the field of stratospheric ozone research, because statistical analysis showed that previously used concepts assuming a Gaussian distribution (e.g. fixed deviations from mean values) of total ozone data do not adequately address the structure of the extremes. We show that statistical extreme value methods are appropriate to identify ozone extremes and to describe the tails of the Arosa (Switzerland) total ozone time series. In order to accommodate the seasonal cycle in total ozone, a daily moving threshold was determined and used, with tools from extreme value theory, to analyse the frequency of days with extreme low (termed ELOs) and high (termed EHOs) total ozone at Arosa. The analysis shows that the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) provides an appropriate model for the frequency distribution of total ozone above or below a mathematically well-defined threshold, thus providing a statistical description of ELOs and EHOs. The results show an increase in ELOs and a decrease in EHOs during the last decades. The fitted model represents the tails of the total ozone data set with high accuracy over the entire range (including absolute monthly minima and maxima), and enables a precise computation of the frequency distribution of ozone mini-holes (using constant thresholds). Analyzing the tails instead of a small fraction of days below constant thresholds provides deeper insight into the time series properties. Fingerprints of dynamical (e.g. ENSO, NAO) and chemical features (e.g. strong polar vortex ozone loss), and major volcanic eruptions, can be identified in the observed frequency of extreme events throughout the time series. Overall the new approach to analysis of extremes provides more information on time series properties and variability than previous approaches that use only monthly averages and/or mini-holes and mini-highs.
Published: 2010

31. Tropospheric ozone from IASI : comparison of different inversion algorithms and validation with ozone sondes in the northern middle latitudes

Author: David J. Moore, K. Lambkin, Rigel Kivi, M. López Bartolomé, Gaëlle Dufour, Maxim Eremenko, C. Keim, Takashi Koide, Anne Boynard, Michael Höpfner, Sébastien Payan, Hans Claude, Johannes Orphal, René Stübi, P.-F. Coheur, H. Dier, J. M. Flaud, F. J. Schmidlin, Cathy Clerbaux, Beverly J. Johnson, H. Kelder, Daniel Hurtmans, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Applied Physics [Eindhoven], Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Irish Meteorological Service, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Fluids and Flows, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), and Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, Atmospheric sciences, Tropospheric ozone, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, 010309 optics, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Orbiter, law, 0103 physical sciences, IASI satellite instrument, Interferómetro Espacial Infrarrojo, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Inversion algorithms, Algoritmos, Dobson unit, Ozono troposférico, Inversion (meteorology), lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Algorithm, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper presents a first statistical validation of tropospheric ozone products derived from measurements of the IASI satellite instrument. Since the end of 2006, IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) aboard the polar orbiter Metop-A measures infrared spectra of the Earth's atmosphere in nadir geometry. This validation covers the northern mid-latitudes and the period from July 2007 to August 2008. Retrieval results from four different sources are presented: three are from scientific products (LATMOS, LISA, LPMAA) and the fourth one is the pre-operational product distributed by EUMETSAT (version 4.2). The different products are derived from different algorithms with different approaches. The difference and their implications for the retrieved products are discussed. In order to evaluate the quality and the performance of each product, comparisons with the vertical ozone concentration profiles measured by balloon sondes are performed and lead to estimates of the systematic and random errors in the IASI ozone products (profiles and partial columns). A first comparison is performed on the given profiles; a second comparison takes into account the altitude dependent sensitivity of the retrievals. Tropospheric columnar amounts are compared to the sonde for a lower tropospheric column (surface to about 6 km) and a "total" tropospheric column (surface to about 11 km). On average both tropospheric columns have small biases for the scientific products, less than 2 Dobson Units (DU) for the lower troposphere and less than 1 DU for the total troposphere. The comparison of the still pre-operational EUMETSAT columns shows higher mean differences of about 5 DU.
Published: 2009

32. A probabilistic view on the August 2005 floods in the upper Rhine catchment

Author: Tracy Ewen, Simon Jaun, Bodo Ahrens, Christoph Schär, André Walser, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute for Atmosphere and Environment, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, University of Zurich, Jaun, S, and EGU, Publication
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Component (UML), ddc:550, Precipitation, Predictability, 910 Geography & travel, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Event (probability theory), [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, Flood myth, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Probabilistic logic, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Geology, 10122 Institute of Geography, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Quantitative precipitation forecast, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Probabilistic forecasting
Abstract: Appropriate precautions in the case of flood occurrence often require long lead times (several days) in hydrological forecasting. This in turn implies large uncertainties that are mainly inherited from the meteorological precipitation forecast. Here we present a case study of the extreme flood event of August 2005 in the Swiss part of the Rhine catchment (total area 34 550 km2). This event caused tremendous damage and was associated with precipitation amounts and flood peaks with return periods beyond 10 to 100 years. To deal with the underlying intrinsic predictability limitations, a probabilistic forecasting system is tested, which is based on a hydrological-meteorological ensemble prediction system. The meteorological component of the system is the operational limited-area COSMO-LEPS that downscales the ECMWF ensemble prediction system to a horizontal resolution of 10 km, while the hydrological component is based on the semi-distributed hydrological model PREVAH with a spatial resolution of 500 m. We document the setup of the coupled system and assess its performance for the flood event under consideration. We show that the probabilistic meteorological-hydrological ensemble prediction chain is quite effective and provides additional guidance for extreme event forecasting, in comparison to a purely deterministic forecasting system. For the case studied, it is also shown that most of the benefits of the probabilistic approach may be realized with a comparatively small ensemble size of 10 members.
Published: 2008

33. An analysis of the July 2006 heatwave extent in Europe compared to the record year of 2003

Author: O. Dupont, Martine Rebetez, M. Giroud, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, MeteoSwiss, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Institut fédéral de recherches sur la forêt, la neige et le paysage (WSL), Département Fédéral de l'Intérieur DFI, Météo-France Nord-Est Division des Etudes (Météo-France/CMIRNE/DET), and Office fédéral de météorologie et de climatologie (MétéoSuisse)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Statistical distribution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Advection de masse d'air sec, Events, Magnitude (mathematics), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Réchauffement climatique, Peninsula, Extreme Weather, Statistical analysis, températures, canicule, Climatology, Maximum temperature, geography.geographical_feature_category, Climate-Change, Global warming, Land area, Europe, Impact, Variabilité : Données climatologiques, Health, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Impacts, Persistent anticyclonic situation, Température minimale, Risk, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Température maximale, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Extreme weather, Vague de chaleur, Situation anticycloniqu persistante, Analyse statistique, Anomalie, Variability, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, juillet 2006, été 2003, Distribution statistique, Advection of dry air masses, 13. Climate action, Eté, Waves, Environmental science, Climatologie, Moyenne, Trends
Abstract: La publication originale est disponible sur www.springerlink.com 7 pages.; International audience; Recent analyses have identified summer warming trends in Europe in recent decades, culminating in 2003, when mean summer temperatures were exceptionally hot over much of Europe. Mean monthly temperatures were very high in July 2003 and reached record levels in both June and August. In 2006, the mean monthly temperature for July reached a record high. Our analysis of temperature observations shows that in July 2006, as in summer 2003, maximum temperatures were more abnormal than minimum values. The 2006 heatwave was located more to the north than in 2003, and particularly affected the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Poland, France and Switzerland. The July 2006 anomalies were similar in magnitude to those of June and August 2003, but the discrepancy between minimum and maximum temperature anomalies was larger in 2006 compared to both June and August 2003. For maximum temperature, the affected land area by anomalies higher than 4–6K was largest in July 2006, although the anomalies were higher in June and August 2003 at the most anomalous sites. In the north of Europe, the absolute monthly temperature values were higher in July 2006 compared to both June (also on the Iberian Peninsula) and August 2003.
Published: 2008

34. Forecasting for dynamic line rating

Author: Andrea Michiorri, Pierre Pinson, Sanna Uski, Huu-Minh Nguyen, Enrico Ferrero, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Silke Dierer, Stefano Alessandrini, John Bjørnar Bremnes, Bjørn-Egil Nygaard, Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques (PERSEE), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Liège, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale - Amedeo Avogadro (UPO), Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Department of Chemistry, VTT Information technology, and Technical Research Centre of Finland
Subjects: Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 020209 energy, Overhead (engineering), forecast, 02 engineering and technology, Smart grid, rating, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Electric power system, [SPI.ENERG]Engineering Sciences [physics]/domain_spi.energ, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Rating, Overhead lines, Ampacity, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, smart grid, Simulation, ta218, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ta415, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Renewable energy, Reliability engineering, Electric power transmission, 13. Climate action, overhead lines, Forecast, business, Overhead line
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents an overview of the state of the art on the research on Dynamic Line Rating forecasting. It is directed at researchers and decision-makers in the renewable energy and smart grids domain, and in particular at members of both the power system and meteorological community. Its aim is to explain the details of one aspect of the complex interconnection between the environment and power systems. The ampacity of a conductor is defined as the maximum constant current which will meet the design, security and safety criteria of a particular line on which the conductor is used. Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) is a technology used to dynamically increase the ampacity of electric overhead transmission lines. It is based on the observation that the ampacity of an overhead line is determined by its ability to dissipate into the environment the heat produced by Joule effect. This in turn is dependent on environmental conditions such as the value of ambient temperature, solar radiation, and wind speed and direction. Currently, conservative static seasonal estimations of meteorological values are used to determine ampacity. In a DLR framework, the ampacity is estimated in real time or quasi-real time using sensors on the line that measure conductor temperature, tension, sag or environmental parameters such as wind speed and air temperature. Because of the conservative assumptions used to calculate static seasonal ampacity limits and the variability of weather parameters, DLRs are considerably higher than static seasonal ratings. The latent transmission capacity made available by DLRs means the operation time of equipment can be extended, especially in the current power system scenario, where power injections from Intermittent Renewable Sources (IRS) put stress on the existing infrastructure. DLR can represent a solution for accommodating higher renewable production whilst minimizing or postponing network reinforcements. On the other hand, the variability of DLR with respect to static seasonal ratings makes it particularly difficult to exploit, which explains the slow take-up rate of this technology. In order to facilitate the integration of DLR into power system operations, research has been launched into DLR forecasting, following a similar avenue to IRS production forecasting, i.e. based on a mix of statistical methods and meteorological forecasts. The development of reliable DLR forecasts will no doubt be seen as a necessary step for integrating DLR into power system management and reaping the expected benefits.
Published: 2015

35. MACC regional multi-model ensemble simulations of birch pollen dispersion in Europe

Author: Julius Vira, Pilvi Siljamo, Dmitry Khvorostyanov, Anna-Mari Pessi, Olga Ritenberga, Lennart Robertson, Michel Thibaudon, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Annika Saarto, Elena Severova, Victoria Rodinkova, Laurent Menut, E. Friese, Marje Prank, Richard Kranenburg, Vincent-Henri Peuch, E. Teinemaa, Carmen Galán, Robert Gehrig, Uwe Berger, U. Kumar, Joaquim Arteta, F. Cheroux, Hendrik Elbern, Jordina Belmonte, Mikhail Sofiev, Virginie Marécal, Birthe Marie Steensen, Frédérik Meleux, Arjo Segers, I. Sauliene, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique (RNSA), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, medicine.medical_specialty, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Urban Mobility & Environment, Climate, Aerobiology, Urbanisation, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Flowering, lcsh:Chemistry, Pollen, ddc:550, medicine, Statistical dispersion, Aerosol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ensemble forecasting, Ensemble average, Modeling, CAS - Climate, Air and Sustainability, Miljövetenskap, lcsh:QC1-999, Europe, Birch pollen, lcsh:QD1-999, Habitat, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Late season, Environmental science, ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences, Environment & Sustainability, lcsh:Physics, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: This paper presents the first ensemble modelling experiment in relation to birch pollen in Europe. The seven-model European ensemble of MACC-ENS, tested in trial simulations over the flowering season of 2010, was run through the flowering season of 2013. The simulations have been compared with observations in 11 countries, all members of the European Aeroallergen Network, for both individual models and the ensemble mean and median. It is shown that the models successfully reproduced the timing of the very late season of 2013, generally within a couple of days from the observed start of the season. The end of the season was generally predicted later than observed, by 5 days or more, which is a known feature of the source term used in the study. Absolute pollen concentrations during the season were somewhat underestimated in the southern part of the birch habitat. In the northern part of Europe, a record-low pollen season was strongly overestimated by all models. The median of the multi-model ensemble demonstrated robust performance, successfully eliminating the impact of outliers, which was particularly useful since for most models this was the first experience of pollen forecasting.
Published: 2015

36. Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002/2003 determined with Match

Author: Martyn P. Chipperfield, Vladimir Yushkov, Markus Rex, David J. Moore, H. Fast, G. A. Millard, Geraint Vaughan, Hideaki Nakane, Esko Kyrö, Geir O. Braathen, Ralph Lehmann, Hans Claude, P. Viatte, Neil R. P. Harris, Signe B. Andersen, E. Moran, J. Davies, H. Dier, Tomohiro Nagai, E. Reimer, H. Deckelmann, Z. Litynska, P. von der Gathen, René Stübi, P. Skrivankova, Michael Gerding, Marc Allaart, C. Parrondo, H. De Backer, M. Streibel, V. Dorokov, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge] (EORCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Met. Institute, FU Berlin, University of Leeds, Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Meteorological Service of Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, RMI, MOL, CAO, Pervomajskaya Street 3, Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, SMO, MWM, Centre of Aerology, Met. Office, Fitzroy Road, IMS, Valentia Observatory, Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), INTA, Czech Hydrometical Institute, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Department of Physics, University of Wales, SMI, University of Manchester, and School of Earth
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, The arctic, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Potential temperature, lcsh:Physics, Ozone column, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Match technique was used to determine chemically induced ozone loss inside the stratospheric vortex during the Arctic winter 2002/2003. From end of November 2002, which is the earliest start of a Match campaign ever, until end of March 2003 approximately 800 ozonesondes were launched from 34 stations in the Arctic and mid latitudes. Ozone loss rates were quantified from the beginning of December until mid-March in the vertical region of 400–550 K potential temperature. In accordance with the occurrence of a large area of conditions favourable for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds in December ozone destruction rates varied between 10–15 ppbv/day depending on height. Maximum loss rates around 35 ppbv/day were reached during late January. Afterwards ozone loss rates decreased until mid-March when the final warming of the vortex began. In the period from 2 December 2002 to 16 March 2003 the accumulated ozone loss reduced the partial ozone column of 400–500 K potential temperature by 56±4 DU. This value is in good agreement with that inferred from the empirical relation of ozone loss against the volume of potential polar stratospheric clouds within the northern hemisphere. The sensitivity of the results on recent improvements of the approach has been tested.
Published: 2006

37. Vortex-averaged Arctic ozone depletion in the winter 2002/2003

Author: Jonathan Davies, Hennie Kelder, René Stübi, Michael Gerding, P. Viatte, Signe B. Andersen, A. F. Vik, H. De Backer, P. von der Gathen, Geraint Vaughan, David J. Moore, Esko Kyrö, M. Streibel, I. Zaitcev, B. Henchoz, T. Christensen, Geir O. Braathen, Rigel Kivi, Z. Litynska, A. Benesova, Hans Claude, G. Peters, H. Dier, T. Turunen, Valery Dorokhov, P. Skrivankova, B. M. Knudsen, Manuel Gil, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Instituto Nacional de Téchnica Aerospacial, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), IMWM, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], and University of Wales
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dobson unit, Diabatic, 010501 environmental sciences, Total ozone, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, lcsh:QC1-999, Vortex, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Climatology, TRACER, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A total ozone depletion of 68±7 Dobson units between 380 and 525K from 10 December 2002 to 10 March 2003 is derived from ozone sonde data by the vortex-average method, taking into account both diabatic descent of the air masses and transport of air into the vortex. When the vortex is divided into three equal-area regions, the results are 85±9DU for the collar region (closest to the edge), 52±5DU for the vortex centre and 68±7DU for the middle region in between centre and collar. Our results compare well with other studies: We find good agreement with ozone loss deduced from SAOZ data, with results inferred from POAMIII observations and with results from tracer-tracer correlations using HF as the long-lived tracer. We find a higher ozone loss than that deduced by tracer-tracer correlations using CH4. We have made a careful comparison with Match results: The results were recalculated using a common time period, vortex edge definition and height interval. The two methods generally compare very well, except at the 475K level which exhibits an unexplained discrepancy.
Published: 2005

38. Intercomparison of mesoscale meteorological models for precipitation forecasting

Author: S. Cosma, P. Kaufmann, A. Buzzi, P. Binder, Robert Benoit, E. Richard, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Recherche en Prévision Numérique, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Flood forecasting, 0207 environmental engineering, Drainage basin, Mesoscale meteorology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Hindcast, Precipitation, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 020701 environmental engineering, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, Meteorological models, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:T, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Quantitative precipitation forecast, Environmental science
Abstract: In the framework of the RAPHAEL EU project, a series of past heavy precipitation events has been simulated with different meteorological models. Rainfall hindcasts and forecasts have been produced by four models in use at various meteorological services or research centres of Italy, Canada, France and Switzerland. The paper is focused on the comparison of the computed precipitation fields with the available surface observations. The comparison is carried out for three meteorological situations which lead to severe flashflood over the Toce-Ticino catchment in Italy (6599 km2) or the Ammer catchment (709 km2) in Germany. The results show that all four models reproduced the occurrence of these heavy precipitation events. The accuracy of the computed precipitation appears to be more case-dependent than model-dependent. The sensitivity of the computed rainfall to the boundary conditions (hindcast v. forecast) was found to be rather weak, indicating that a flood forecasting system based upon a numerical meteo-hydrological simulation could be feasible in an operational context. Keywords: meteorological models, precipitation forecast
Published: 2003

39. Scale interaction processes during the MAP IOP 12 south fo¨hn event in the Rhine Valley

Author: Evelyne Richard, Markus Furger, Alain Dabas, Reinhold Steinacker, Pierre H. Flamant, Christian Haeberli, Marie Lothon, Philippe Drobinski, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Wien] (IMGW), Universität Wien, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Katabatic wind, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Flow (psychology), 0207 environmental engineering, Mesoscale meteorology, 02 engineering and technology, Forcing (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Mountain waves, Orographic flow, Synoptic scale meteorology, Valley Flow, Tributary, Katabatic flow, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mesoscale Alpine Programme, Orography, Warm front, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Geology
Abstract: This paper examines the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of a south fohn flow in the Rhine Valley during its entire life cycle from 29 October 1999 until 31 October 1999. The south fohn event was documented in the framework of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP). This study investigates the synoptic-scale forcing sources, the dynamical processes driving the circulation of the fohn flow in the complex network of tributaries of the Rhine Valley, and the degree of inhomogeneity on the scale of the FORM (‘FOehn in the Rhine Valley during the MAP’ programme) target area at the bifurcation between the Rhine and Seez Valleys. Several important data sources were used (ground-based Doppler lidar, scintillometers, constant-volume balloons, radiosoundings and surface stations) as well as non-hydrostatic mesoscale simulations. The fohn penetrating the FORM target area on 30 October 1999 is preceded by a nocturnal shallow fohn phase which does not penetrate down to the ground due to katabatic drainage flow from the main transverse (east–west oriented) tributaries in which fohn cannot penetrate. This paper shows the contribution of the main tributaries of the Rhine Valley in directing the fohn flow towards the FORM target area during (i) the shallow fohn phase where the westerly upper-level flow is deflected in the main longitudinal (i.e. north–south oriented) tributaries; (ii) the penetrating fohn phase, where the south/south-westerly upper-level flow is nearly aligned with the longitudinal tributaries. The channelling efficiency of the main longitudinal tributaries of the Rhine Valley (particularly the Domleschg) is higher during the fohn phase when the south-westerly upper-level flow, experiencing mountain-wave-induced downward motion, penetrates these tributaries, than during the shallow fohn. In the FORM target area, the structure of the fohn flow varies on a 1-kilometre horizontal length-scale and the time evolution of the respective location of the cold air pool and the warm fohn air is investigated in detail. Also, flow splitting between the Rhine and Seez Valleys occurs during the entire fohn life cycle, but its vertical extension is maximum during shallow fohn, when lower- and upper-level flows are fully decoupled. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Published: 2003

40. A method for aerosol profiling in the lower troposphere with coupled scatter and meteorological rawindsondes and first data from the tropical Atlantic off Sahara

Author: Hubert Berger, J.M Vinicula Dos Santos, L. Gomes, Bernadette Chatenet, François Dulac, Patrick Chazette, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Nephelometer, Mechanical Engineering, Mineral dust, Tropical Atlantic, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Aerosol, 010309 optics, Cape verde, Sun photometer, Troposphere, Lidar, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We developed a simple prototype balloonborne aerosol scattering profiler by coupling a small nephelometer with a meteorological sonde and we performed one sounding over Sal Island, Cape Verde, in February 1996 during a turbid episode of dust transport with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) larger than 0.6 at 870 nm . We also monitored space and time variations in AOT with both Meteosat and a Sun photometer. This allows us to document for the first time the vertical distribution of aerosols during the typical winter situation of low-altitude transport of African dust in the trade winds of the tropical North Atlantic. We derive the vertical profile of aerosol extinction from side-scattering nephelometer measurements by applying corrections for aerosol optical properties. We find that most of the aerosol extinction occurs between about 600 and 1400 m in altitude in a layer of dry air above the atmospheric marine boundary layer (MBL). Our results suggest that about 90% of the dust is transported above the MBL. They confirm previous findings of well-structured African dust layers observed at north mid-latitudes with lidar systems.
Published: 2001

41. Proportional loss functions for debris flow events

Author: Christoph M. Rheinberger, Hans Romang, Michael Bründl, Economie des Ressources Naturelles (LERNA), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, This paper was partly funded through EU FP6 STREP contract no. 081412 ('IRASMOS')., Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Generalized linear model, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, risk-assessment, landslide risk, vulnerability, damage, management, regression, hazards, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Debris flow, Economies et finances, Overdispersion, Statistics, Range (statistics), Econometrics, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, lcsh:Environmental sciences, risk-assessment, landslide risk, vulnerability, damage, management, regression, hazards, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Hydrogeology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Confounding, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Debris, lcsh:Geology, Economies and finances, lcsh:G, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Risk assessment
Abstract: Quantitative risk assessments of debris flows and other hydrogeological hazards require the analyst to predict damage potentials. A common way to do so is by use of proportional loss functions. In this paper, we analyze a uniquely rich dataset of 132 buildings that were damaged in one of five large debris flow events in Switzerland. Using the double generalized linear model, we estimate proportional loss functions that may be used for various prediction purposes including hazard mapping, landscape planning, and insurance pricing. Unlike earlier analyses, we control for confounding effects of building characteristics, site specifics, and process intensities as well as for overdispersion in the data. Our results suggest that process intensity parameters are the most meaningful predictors of proportional loss sizes. Cross-validation tests suggest that the mean absolute prediction errors of our models are in the range of 11%, underpinning the accurateness of the approach.
Published: 2013

42. Evaluation of stratospheric ozone, temperature, and aerosol profiles from the LOANA lidar in Antarctica

Author: M. Viterbini, Philippe Keckhut, Yann Courcoux, Julien Jumelet, Christian Laqui, Marcel Snels, Marion Marchand, Jacques Porteneuve, Christine David, M. Quatrevalet, Alexander Haefele, Thierry Leblanc, Martial Haeffelin, Claire Cénac, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), L'Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Observatoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère de la Réunion (OPAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Backscatter, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), Aquatic Science, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Ozone layer, Stratosphere, Polar ozone, Optical depth, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Lidar, Ecology, Polar stratospheric clouds, Aerosol, Depth sounding, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite
Abstract: International audience; We present an evaluation of observations from the Lidar Ozone and Aerosol for NDACC in Antarctica (LOANA) at the Dumont d'Urville station, Antarctica. This instrument is part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), and ensures continuity with lidar measurements made since 1989 with the previous instrument at this site. This study is based on the dataset from 2008 to 2009, and comparisons are made with observations from balloon soundings, and from three satellite experiments: Aura/MLS, TIMED/SABER, and CALIOP/CALIPSO. The lidar ozone data are in very good agreement with the balloon sounding data (ECC sensor), revealing a bias of less than 3% between 17 and 34 km. For temperature, the lidar shows a low bias of −3 K at 20 km when compared with Aura/MLS. Between 30 and 50 km, the bias is less than 2 K. We also present our initial results showing diurnal variations in temperature. The amplitude of these diurnal cycles is on the order of 1 K and is unlikely to account for the temperature biases between LOANA and the reference instruments. Comparisons of total attenuated backscatter reveal good qualitative agreement between LOANA and CALIOP, with differences of less than 30% in the derived optical depth.
Published: 2012

43. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops

Author: Mika Komppula, G. Jennings, Hristo Angelov, Aki Virkkula, Thomas Müller, S. Rodriquez, Yang Wang, Angela Marinoni, John A. Ogren, Marcel M. Moerman, Nikos Kalivitis, Kornélia Imre, Andreas Petzold, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mar Viana, Paolo Laj, P. Ivanow, Kimmo Teinilä, Andrés Alastuey, Chris Rene Lunder, András Hoffer, R. Wilhelm, A. Wiedensohler, H. Karlsson, S. Martins dos Santos, Ernest Weingartner, Junying Sun, G. de Leeuw, Risto Hillamo, Andreas Nowak, Patrick J. Sheridan, J. E. Engström, Thomas Tuch, Sangeeta Sharma, Shao-Meng Li, M. Bizjak, J. S. Henzing, Carsten Gruening, M. Collaud Coen, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), TNO Science and Industry, University of Helsinki, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Stockholm University, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Veszprém], University of Pannonia, Environmental Change Institute [Galway], National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), School of Physics [NUI Galway], Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Kuopio Unit [FMI], Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), ESRL Global Monitoring Division [Boulder] (GMD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) EU, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Integrating Nephelometers, aerosol absorption, aerosol properties, aerosol measurement, Fotómetros de absorción, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, black carbon, soot, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Size, law, Soot Particles, Aerosoles, lcsh:TA170-171, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Chemistry, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Soot, lcsh:Environmental engineering, aerosol climate, Black Carbon Content, Calibration, Filter-Based Measurements, MAAP, photometers, Absorption photometers, Aethalometer, intercomparison, Optics, EUSAAR, medicine, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, effects, Attenuation Cross-Section, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Photometers, business.industry, lcsh:TA715-787, Ambient Measurements, Aerosol properties, Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe, Photometer, Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Attenuation coefficient, Particle, Visible-Light Absorption, business, absorption
Abstract: Absorption photometers for real time application have been available since the 1980s, but the use of filter-based instruments to derive information on aerosol properties (absorption coefficient and black carbon, BC) is still a matter of debate. Several workshops have been conducted to investigate the performance of individual instruments over the intervening years. Two workshops with large sets of aerosol absorption photometers were conducted in 2005 and 2007. The data from these instruments were corrected using existing methods before further analysis. The inter-comparison shows a large variation between the responses to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments. The unit to unit variability between instruments can be up to 30% for Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAPs) and Aethalometers. Multi Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAPs) showed a variability of less than 5%. Reasons for the high variability were identified to be variations in sample flow and spot size. It was observed that different flow rates influence system performance with respect to response to absorption and instrumental noise. Measurements with non absorbing particles showed that the current corrections of a cross sensitivity to particle scattering are not sufficient. Remaining cross sensitivities were found to be a function of the total particle load on the filter. The large variation between the response to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments indicates that current correction functions for absorption photometers are not adequate., JRC.DDG.H.2-Climate change and air quality
Published: 2011

44. Extreme events in total ozone over Arosa – Part 2: Fingerprints of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry and effects on mean values and long-term changes

Author: F. Holawe, Philipp Weihs, Harald E. Rieder, Mathieu Ribatet, J. A. Maeder, René Stübi, Johannes Staehelin, Anthony C. Davison, Th. Peter, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de Mathématiques et de Modélisation de Montpellier (I3M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département de Mathématiques - EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Institute for Meteorology and Climatology [Vienna] (BOKU-Met), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), and Institute for Geography and Regional Research
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 010104 statistics & probability, Polar vortex, Time series, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 0101 mathematics, Extreme value theory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Northern Hemisphere, lcsh:QC1-999, Volcano, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, North Atlantic oscillation, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: In this study the frequency of days with extreme low (termed ELOs) and extreme high (termed EHOs) total ozone values and their influence on mean values and trends are analyzed for the world's longest total ozone record (Arosa, Switzerland). The results show (a) an increase in ELOs and (b) a decrease in EHOs during the last decades and (c) that the overall trend during the 1970s and 1980s in total ozone is strongly dominated by changes in these extreme events. After removing the extremes, the time series shows a strongly reduced trend (reduction by a factor of 2.5 for trend in annual mean). Excursions in the frequency of extreme events reveal "fingerprints" of dynamical factors such as ENSO or NAO, and chemical factors, such as cold Arctic vortex ozone losses, as well as major volcanic eruptions of the 20th century (Gunung Agung, El Chichón, Mt. Pinatubo). Furthermore, atmospheric loading of ozone depleting substances leads to a continuous modification of column ozone in the Northern Hemisphere also with respect to extreme values (partly again in connection with polar vortex contributions). Application of extreme value theory allows the identification of many more such "fingerprints" than conventional time series analysis of annual and seasonal mean values. The analysis shows in particular the strong influence of dynamics, revealing that even moderate ENSO and NAO events have a discernible effect on total ozone. Overall the approach to extremal modelling provides new information on time series properties, variability, trends and the influence of dynamics and chemistry, complementing earlier analyses focusing only on monthly (or annual) mean values.
Published: 2010

45. Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2 temperature using ground-based and space-borne measurements

Author: Sica, R. J., Izawa, M. R. M., Walker, K. A., Boone, Petelina, S. V., Argall, P. S., Bernath, Burns, G. B., Catoire, Collins, R. L., Daffer, W. H., De Clercq, Fan, Z. Y., Firanski, B. J., French, W. J. R., Gerard, Gerding, Granville, Innis, J. L., Keckhut, Kerzenmacher, Klekociuk, A. R., Kyrö, Lambert, J. C., Llewellyn, E. J., Manney, G. L., McDermid, I. S., Mizutani, Murayama, Piccolo, Raspollini, Ridolfi, Robert, Steinbrecht, Strawbridge, K. B., Strong, Stübi, Thurairajah, B.: Validation of the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) version 2.2 temperature using ground-based, space-borne measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 12463-12539, Department of Physics and Astronomy [London, ON], University of Western Ontario ( UWO ), Department of Earth Sciences [London, ON], Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] ( ISAS ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] ( U of S ), Department of Physics [Victoria], La Trobe University [Melbourne], Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] ( IOAC ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy-Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Geophysical Institute [Fairbanks], University of Alaska Fairbanks ( UAF ), Columbus Technologies Inc., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique ( BIRA-IASB ), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics ( AIP ), Service d'aéronomie ( SA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] ( NMT ), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology ( NICT ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' ( IFAC ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica [Bologna], Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg ( MOHp ), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] ( DWD ), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, R. J. Sica, M. R. M. Izawa, K. A. Walker, C. Boone, S. V. Petelina, P. S. Argall, P. Bernath, G. B. Burns, V. Catoire, R. L. Collins, W. H. Daffer, C. De Clercq, Z. Y. Fan, B. J. Firanski, W. J. R. French, P. Gerard, M. Gerding, J. Granville, J. L. Innis, P. Keckhut, T. Kerzenmacher, A. R. Klekociuk, E. Kyrö, J. C. Lambert, E. J. Llewellyn, G. L. Manney, I. S. McDermid, K. Mizutani, Y. Murayama, C. Piccolo, P. Raspollini, M. Ridolfi, C. Robert, W. Steinbrecht, K. B. Strawbridge, K. Strong, R. St&#369, bi, B. Thurairajah, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Ice, Ocean, Atmosphere and Climate Program [Kingston] (IOAC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (AIP), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Science and Technology Branch, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Space (mathematics), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, 010309 optics, remote sensing, Atmospheric composition and structure, Quality (physics), Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, validation, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Chemistry, Temperature, lcsh:QC1-999, Lidar, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Retrieval techniques, Atmospheric chemistry, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: An ensemble of space-borne and ground-based instruments has been used to evaluate the quality of the version 2.2 temperature retrievals from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The agreement of ACE-FTS temperatures with other sensors is typically better than 2 K in the stratosphere and upper troposphere and 5 K in the lower mesosphere. There is evidence of a systematic high bias (roughly 3–6 K) in the ACE-FTS temperatures in the mesosphere, and a possible systematic low bias (roughly 2 K) in ACE-FTS temperatures near 23 km. Some ACE-FTS temperature profiles exhibit unphysical oscillations, a problem fixed in preliminary comparisons with temperatures derived using the next version of the ACE-FTS retrieval software. Though these relatively large oscillations in temperature can be on the order of 10 K in the mesosphere, retrieved volume mixing ratio profiles typically vary by less than a percent or so. Statistical comparisons suggest these oscillations occur in about 10% of the retrieved profiles. Analysis from a set of coincident lidar measurements suggests that the random error in ACE-FTS version 2.2 temperatures has a lower limit of about ±2 K.
Published: 2007

46. A trajectory-based estimate of the tropospheric ozone column using the residual method

Author: Hennie Kelder, S. Chandra, Pieternel F. Levelt, Holger Vömel, E. Joseph, Esko Kyrö, S. J. Oltmans, Valery Dorokhov, Anne M. Thompson, Lucien Froidevaux, David J. Moore, Signe B. Andersen, John T. Merrill, Gérard Ancellet, René Stübi, Susan E. Strahan, P. Viatte, Jonathan Davies, Georg Hansen, Masatomo Fujiwara, B. Bojkov, Nathaniel J. Livesey, P. von der Gathen, Gert J. R. Coetzee, H. De Backer, G. Koenig-Langlo, Bryan N. Duncan, P. Skrivankova, Hans Claude, David W. Tarasick, Pawan K. Bhartia, Greg Bodeker, Gary A. Morris, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Margarita Yela, Jacquelyn C. Witte, H. Dier, Beverly J. Johnson, Marc Allaart, M. C. Parrondos, Bertrand Calpini, Emilio Cuevas, G. Zablocki, Susan S. Kulawik, Françoise Posny, Mark R. Schoeberl, Michael J. Newchurch, F. J. Schmidlin, Alberto Redondas, C. P. Leong, Jerald R. Ziemke, Valérie Thouret, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Environment Canada (Downsview), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratorio de Atmosfera [Madrid], Spanish Space Agency, Centre of Aerology [Poland], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Marine and Coastal Management, South African Government, Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'atmosphère (LPA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Howard University, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Fluids and Flows
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Residual method, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Microwave Limb Sounder, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), pollution, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, tropospheric ozone, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, air quality, Geophysics, Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Tropospheric column ozone, Tropopause
Abstract: We estimate the tropospheric column ozone using a forward trajectory model to increase the horizontal resolution of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) derived stratospheric column ozone. Subtracting the MLS stratospheric column from Ozone Monitoring Instrument total column measurements gives the trajectory enhanced tropospheric ozone residual (TTOR). Because of different tropopause definitions, we validate the basic residual technique by computing the 200-hPa-to-surface column and comparing it to the same product from ozonesondes and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer measurements. Comparisons show good agreement in the tropics and reasonable agreement at middle latitudes, but there is a persistent low bias in the TTOR that may be due to a slight high bias in MLS stratospheric column. With the improved stratospheric column resolution, we note a strong correlation of extratropical tropospheric ozone column anomalies with probable troposphere-stratosphere exchange events or folds. The folds can be identified by their colocation with strong horizontal tropopause gradients. TTOR anomalies due to folds may be mistaken for pollution events since folds often occur in the Atlantic and Pacific pollution corridors. We also compare the 200-hPa-to-surface column with Global Modeling Initiative chemical model estimates of the same quantity. While the tropical comparisons are good, we note that chemical model variations in 200-hPa-to-surface column at middle latitudes are much smaller than seen in the TTOR.
Published: 2007

47. Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change

Author: J. Davies, Vladimir Yushkov, A. D. Risley, Z. Litynska, M. Gerding, Karl W. Hoppel, Ross J. Salawitch, Christos Zerefos, Geir O. Braathen, M. C. Parrondo, Hans Claude, P. von der Gathen, David J. Moore, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Beverly J. Johnson, H. De Backer, P. Skrivankova, H. Dier, Hideaki Nakane, Esko Kyrö, René Stübi, Marc Allaart, H. Fast, Richard M. Bevilacqua, P. Viatte, Valery Dorokhov, Barbara Naujokat, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Signe B. Andersen, Neil R. P. Harris, Markus Rex, E. Reimer, H. Deckelmann, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge] (EORCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment [Athens] (LACAE), and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA)
Subjects: Arctic sea ice decline, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Polar meteorology, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Middle atmosphere, 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, Arctic geoengineering, Geophysics, Arctic, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Polar vortex, Climatology, Ozone layer, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (ΔO3) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (VPSC) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate ΔO3 = 121 +/- 20 DU and that ΔO3 versus VPSC lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of VPSC during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens.
Published: 2006

48. Unsatisfying forecast of a Mediterranean cyclone: a verification study employing state-of-the-art techniques

Author: N. Tartaglione, M. Casaioli, S. Mariani, Alfredo Lavagnini, Antonio Speranza, Christophe Accadia, M. Bolliger, Agenzia per la Protezione dell'Ambiente e per i Servizi Tecnici (APAT), Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia (UBC), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Department of Physics, Okayama University, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, and EGU, Publication
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rain gauge, Meteorology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Mediterranean sea, 13. Climate action, law, Climatology, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Cyclone, Environmental science, Sensitivity (control systems), State (computer science), Precipitation, Radar, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Event (probability theory)
Abstract: On 16–17 November 2000, a relatively intense precipitation event on the north-western Italy was heavily underestimated, mainly due to shifting error, by three operational 10-km limited area models (LAMs) which differ about basic equations, domain size, and parameterisation schemes. The scope of the work is to investigate possible common error-sources independent from the single model, in particular the effect of initialisation. Thus, the complex evolution over the western Mediterranean Sea of the cyclone responsible for the event was investigated. Several objective and subjective verification techniques have been employed to check one of the LAMs' forecast against the available observations (precipitation from rain gauge and retrieved from ground-based radar, and satellite-retrieved atmospheric humidity patterns). Despite a clear statement is not achieved, results indicate that high sensitivity to the initial conditions, and the inadequacy of the observational network on the southern Mediterranean area, can play a major role in producing the forecast shifting error on the target area.
Published: 2006

49. Validation of an Urban Surface Exchange Parameterization for Mesoscale Models—1D Case in a Street Canyon

Author: Alberto Martilli, Mathias W. Rotach, Alain Clappier, Yves-Alain Roulet, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of British Columbia (UBC), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Urban surface, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Urban climatology, Observation period, Mesoscale meteorology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, 11. Sustainability, Boundary value problem, Tower, Roof, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Street canyon
Abstract: A detailed urban parameterization scheme is used in and above a street canyon. To validate this new scheme, the model is run offline on a vertical column (one-dimensional simulations), using measurements from a 30-m-high tower for upper boundary conditions. Measurements were obtained during the intensive observation period of the Basel Urban Boundary Layer Experiment (BUBBLE). Vertical profiles of meteorological variables are simulated in the street canyon. The validation of the parameterization is made with measurements from the tower in the street canyon and directly above roof height. The results show that the urban parameterization scheme is able to catch most of the typical processes that are induced by an urban surface near the ground. The fit to measured profiles is improved in comparison with a model using the traditional approach for urban parameterization (variation of z0 to take into account the presence of a city).
Published: 2005

50. Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Ozone by ozonesonde and lidar measurements

Author: David W. Tarasick, Gert J. R. Coetzee, Hans Claude, P. Skrivankova, F. J. Schmidlin, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Robert Jarnot, G. Zablocki, R. E. Cofield, Françoise Posny, B. Bojkov, I. S. McDermid, P. Viatte, Michael J. Schwartz, Yan Jiang, Greg Bodeker, R. A. Fuller, Lucien Froidevaux, H. Dier, Hennie Kelder, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Beverly J. Johnson, Thierry Leblanc, Giovanni Laneve, S. J. Oltmans, H. De Backer, Brian Knosp, Marc Allaart, M. C. Parrondos, William H. Daffer, René Stübi, Robert S. Harwood, Michael J. Newchurch, Signe B. Andersen, Gary A. Morris, P. C. Stek, William G. Read, Margarita Yela, Bertrand Calpini, Brian J. Drouin, N. P. Leme, Joe W. Waters, W. V. Snyder, Esko Kyrö, D. T. Cuddy, Gert König-Langlo, Anne M. Thompson, R. P. Thurstans, V. S. Perun, P. von der Gathen, Masatomo Fujiwara, P. A. Wagner, L. S. Fook, Alyn Lambert, John T. Merrill, Holger Vömel, Jonathan Davies, M. J. Filipiak, Valérie Thouret, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Science [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Lauder Atmospheric Research Station, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), South African Weather Service (SAWS), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory - Richard Assmann Observatory (MOL-RAO), Graduate School of Environmental Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Centro di Ricerca Progetto San Marco (CRPSM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Valparaiso], Valparaiso University, Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ozonesonde, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, MLS, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ozone layer, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, validation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Microwave Limb Sounder, ozone, Geophysics, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Environmental science, Aura
Abstract: We present validation studies of MLS version 2.2 upper tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profiles using ozonesonde and lidar data as well as climatological data. Ozone measurements from over 60 ozonesonde stations worldwide and three lidar stations are compared with coincident MLS data. The MLS ozone stratospheric data between 150 and 3 hPa agree well with ozonesonde measurements, within 8% for the global average. MLS values at 215 hPa are biased high compared to ozonesondes by A`20% at middle to high latitude, although there is a lot of variability in this altitude region. Comparisons between MLS and ground-based lidar measurements from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, from the Table Mountain Facility, California, and from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France, give very good agreement, within A`5%, for the stratospheric values. The comparisons between MLS and the Table Mountain Facility tropospheric ozone lidar show that MLS data are biased high by A`30% at 215 hPa, consistent with that indicated by the ozonesonde data. We obtain better global average agreement between MLS and ozonesonde partial column values down to 215 hPa, although the average MLS values at low to middle latitudes are higher than the ozonesonde values by up to a few percent. MLS v2.2 ozone data agree better than the MLS v1.5 data with ozonesonde and lidar measurements. MLS tropical data show the wave one longitudinal pattern in the upper troposphere, with similarities to the average distribution from ozonesondes. High upper tropospheric ozone values are also observed by MLS in the tropical Pacific from June to November.
Published: 2007

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