26 results on '"Spectroscopy and Catalysis"'
Search Results
2. Do Sulfonamides Interact with Aromatic Rings?
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Roel Hammink, Jasmin Mecinović, Jie Jian, Christine J. McKenzie, F. Matthias Bickelhaupt, Jordi Poater, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, and Theoretical Chemistry
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Models, Molecular ,Stereochemistry ,Drug design ,Synthetic Organic Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,noncovalent interactions ,Molecular recognition ,polar–pi interactions ,sulfonamides ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Non-covalent interactions ,Moiety ,Theoretical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sulfonamides ,010405 organic chemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,aromatic compounds ,Organic Chemistry ,Proteins ,Aromaticity ,Hydrogen Bonding ,General Chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Sulfonamide ,chemistry ,Proton affinity ,molecular recognition ,Protons - Abstract
Aromatic rings form energetically favorable interactions with many polar groups in chemical and biological systems. Recent molecular studies have shown that sulfonamides can chelate metal ions and form hydrogen bonds, however, it is presently not established whether the polar sulfonamide functionality also interacts with aromatic rings. Here, synthetic, spectroscopic, structural, and quantum chemical analyses on 2,6-diarylbenzenesulfonamides are reported, in which two flanking aromatic rings are positioned close to the central sulfonamide moiety. Fine-tuning the aromatic character by substituents on the flanking rings leads to linear trends in acidity and proton affinity of sulfonamides. This physical-organic chemistry study demonstrates that aromatic rings have a capacity to stabilize sulfonamides via through-space NH–π interactions. These results have implications in rational drug design targeting electron-rich aromatic rings in proteins.
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- 2021
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3. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral porphyrin macrocyclic hosts and kinetic enantiorecognition of viologen guests
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Annemiek D. Slootbeek, Johannes A. A. W. Elemans, Jiang-Kun Ou-Yang, Nicolas Vanthuyne, Pieter J. Gilissen, Rob Bakker, Roeland J. M. Nolte, Institute for Molecules and Materials [Nijmegen], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]
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Stereochemistry ,High Energy Physics::Lattice ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,medicine ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,Computer Science::Operating Systems ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Enantioselective synthesis ,Viologen ,General Chemistry ,Porphyrin ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Stereoselectivity ,Threading (protein sequence) ,Enantiomer ,Selectivity ,Physical Organic Chemistry ,Macromolecule ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The construction of macromolecular hosts that are able to thread chiral guests in a stereoselective fashion is a big challenge. We herein describe the asymmetric synthesis of two enantiomeric C2-symmetric porphyrin macrocyclic hosts that thread and bind different viologen guests. Time-resolved fluorescence studies show that these hosts display a factor 3 kinetic preference (ΔΔG‡on = 3 kJ mol−1) for threading onto the different enantiomers of a viologen guest appended with bulky chiral 1-phenylethoxy termini. A smaller kinetic selectivity (ΔΔG‡on = 1 kJ mol−1) is observed for viologens equipped with small chiral sec-butoxy termini. Kinetic selectivity is absent when the C2-symmetric hosts are threaded onto chiral viologens appended with chiral tails in which the chiral moieties are located in the centers of the chains, rather than at the chain termini. The reason is that the termini of the latter guests, which engage in the initial stages of the threading process (entron effect), cannot discriminate because they are achiral, in contrast to the chiral termini of the former guests. Finally, our experiments show that the threading and de-threading rates are balanced in such a way that the observed binding constants are highly similar for all the investigated host–guest complexes, i.e. there is no thermodynamic selectivity., Chiral guests display kinetic stereoselective threading through chiral porphyrin cages if their chirality is located at the chain ends and not in the centers, supporting the previously reported entron effect of threading.
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- 2021
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4. Mechanistic Study of Pd/NHC‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Reaction: Discovery of NHC‐Ethynyl Coupling Process
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Dmitry B. Eremin, Alexander Yu. Kostyukovich, Jana Roithová, Valentine P. Ananikov, Mariarosa Anania, Ekaterina A. Denisova, Daniil A. Boiko, Jos Oomens, Julia V. Burykina, Giel Berden, and Jonathan Martens
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FELIX Molecular Structure and Dynamics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Collision-induced dissociation ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Sonogashira coupling ,Alkyne ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Bond-dissociation energy ,Catalysis ,Dissociation (chemistry) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Molecular dynamics ,Computational chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Infrared multiphoton dissociation - Abstract
The product of a revealed transformation-NHC-ethynyl coupling-was observed as a catalyst transformation pathway in the Sonogashira cross-coupling, catalyzed by Pd/NHC complexes. The 2-ethynylated azolium salt was isolated in individual form and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis. A number of possible intermediates of this transformation with common formulae (NHC)n Pd(C2 Ph) (n=1,2) were observed and subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) experiments to elucidate their structure. Measured bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and IRMPD spectra were in an excellent agreement with quantum calculations for coupling product π-complexes with Pd0 . Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the observed multiple CID fragmentation pathways. An unconventional methodology to study catalyst evolution suggests the reported transformation to be considered in the development of new catalytic systems for alkyne functionalization reactions.
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- 2020
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5. Mechanistic Investigation of Photochemical Reactions by Mass Spectrometry
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Jan Zelenka and Jana Roithová
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Photoisomerization ,010405 organic chemistry ,Biomolecule ,Electrospray ionization ,Organic Chemistry ,Reaction intermediate ,Photochemical Processes ,010402 general chemistry ,Mass spectrometry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Mass spectrometric ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Molecular Medicine ,Peptides ,Spectroscopy ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
This Minireview highlights the application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to investigating photochemical reactions. We show possible approaches to on-line ESI-MS monitoring of photocatalytic reactions and give examples of the characterization of short-lived photochemical intermediates by ion spectroscopy. The minireview also exemplifies in-depth mass spectrometric studies of photoisomerization reactions and photofragmentation reactions. Apart from mechanistic studies, the coupling of photochemistry and mass spectrometry is a powerful approach to studying structure and properties of biomolecules. We show several examples focused on investigation of intrinsic properties of model biomolecules.
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- 2020
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6. Monoaurated vs. diaurated intermediates: causality or independence?†
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Jana Roithová, Mariarosa Anania, Juraj Jašík, Elena Shcherbachenko, Jan Zelenka, and Lucie Jašíková
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reaction mechanism ,Ketone ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Kinetics ,Photodissociation ,Protonation ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,Reaction rate ,Kinetic isotope effect ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis - Abstract
Diaurated intermediates of gold-catalysed reactions have been a long-standing subject of debate. Although diaurated complexes were regarded as a drain of active monoaurated intermediates in catalytic cycles, they were also identified as the products of gold–gold cooperation in dual–activation reactions. This study shows investigation of intermediates in water addition to alkynes catalysed by [(IPr)Au(CH3CN)(BF4)]. Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) allowed us to detect both monoaurated and diaurated complexes in this reaction. Infrared photodissociation spectra of the trapped complexes show that the structure of the intermediates corresponds to α-gold ketone intermediates protonated or aurated at the oxygen atom. Delayed reactant labelling experiments provided the half life of the intermediates in reaction of 1-phenylpropyne (∼7 min) and the kinetic isotope effects for hydrogen introduction to the carbon atom (KIE ∼ 4–6) and for the protodeauration (KIE ∼ 2). The results suggest that the ESI-MS detected monoaurated and diaurated complexes report on species with a very similar or the same kinetics in solution. Kinetic analysis of the overall reaction showed that the reaction rate is first-order dependent on the concentration of the gold catalyst. Finally, all results are consistent with the reaction mechanism proceeding via monoaurated neutral α-gold ketone intermediates only., Reaction kinetics and detected α-gold ketone intermediates reveal that gold-mediated hydration of alkynes does not rely on dual activation.
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- 2019
7. Gold(I) and Silver(I) pi-Complexes with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
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Juraj Jašík, Petr Motloch, Jana Roithová, Motloch, Petr [0000-0002-3118-4119], Roithová, Jana [0000-0001-5144-0688], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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34 Chemical Sciences ,010405 organic chemistry ,Ligand ,Organic Chemistry ,Photodissociation ,Binding energy ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Bond-dissociation energy ,Article ,0104 chemical sciences ,3402 Inorganic Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,3406 Physical Chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Density functional theory ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Alkadienes ,Acetonitrile ,Phosphine - Abstract
Gold π-complexes have been studied largely in the past 2 decades because of their role in gold-catalyzed reactions. We report an experimental and theoretical investigation of the interaction between a wide range of unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkynes, alkadienes, and allenes) and triphenylphosphine-gold(I), triphenylphosphine-silver(I), and acetonitrile-silver(I) cations. The bond dissociation energies of these complexes were determined by mass spectrometry collision-induced dissociations and their structures were studied by density functional theory calculations and infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. The results show that with the same phosphine ligand, gold binds stronger to the π-ligands than silver and thereby activates the unsaturated bond more effectively. Ligand exchange of phosphine by acetonitrile at the silver complexes increases the binding energy as well as the activation of the π-ligands. We also show that the substitution of an unsaturated bond is more important than the bond type.
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- 2021
8. Fotochemie derivátu 9-dithanylpyroninu: reakční intermeditátty vedoucí k běžným fotoproduktům
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Tomáš Slanina, Petr Klán, Jana Roithová, Rafael Navrátil, Marek Martínek, Lucie Ludvíková, Jiří Váňa, and Peter Šebej
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Reaction mechanism ,pigmenty ,Formic acid ,pigments ,DFT calculations ,dyes ,photochemistry ,reaction mechanisms ,spectroscopy ,Reaction intermediate ,DFT výpočty ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,derivát 9-dithianylpyroninu ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Xanthene ,010405 organic chemistry ,Rational design ,fotochemie ,General Chemistry ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,0104 chemical sciences ,barviva ,chemistry ,9-dithianyl-pyronin derivative ,BODIPY ,Carbon monoxide - Abstract
Leaving groups attached to the meso-methyl position of many common dyes, such as xanthene, BODIPY, or pyronin derivatives, can be liberated upon irradiation with visible light. However, the course of phototransformations of such photoactivatable systems can be quite complex and the identification of reaction intermediates or even products is often neglected. This paper exemplifies the photochemistry of a 9-dithianyl-pyronin derivative, which undergoes an oxidative transformation at the meso-position to give a 3,6-diamino-9H-xanthen-9-one derivative, formic acid, and carbon monoxide as the main photoproducts. The course of this multi-photon multi-step reaction was studied under various conditions by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to understand the effects of solvents and molecular oxygen on individual steps. Our analyses have revealed the existence of many intermediates and their interrelationships to provide a complete picture of the transformation, which can bring new inputs to a rational design of new photoactivatable pyronin or xanthene derivatives. Odstupující skupiny připojené k meso-methyl pozici mnoha běžných barviv (např. xanthen, BOPIDY nebo deriváty pyroninu) mohou odstupovat při ozáření viditelným světlem. Nicméně proces fototransformace takových fotoaktivovatelných systémů může být poměrně složitý a tak identifikace reakčních meziproduktů nebo dokonce produktů je často opomíjena. Tato publikace osvětluje fotochemii derivátu 9-dithianylpyroninu, který podléhá oxidativní transformaci na meso-pozici za vzniku 3,6-diamino-9H-xanthen-9-onu, kyseliny mravenčí a oxidu uhelnatého jako hlavních fotoproduktů. Průběh této multifotonové vícestupňové reakce byl studován za různých podmínek optickou spektroskopií v ustáleném a časově rozlišeném spektru, hmotnostní spektrometrií a NMR spektroskopií za účelem pochopení vlivu rozpouštědel a molekulárního kyslíku na jednotlivé kroky. Naše analýzy odhalily existenci mnoha meziproduktů a jejich vztahy poskytují celkový obraz transformace, která může přinést nové informace pro desing nových fotoaktivovatelných derivátů pyroninu a xanthenu.
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- 2020
9. Closed Shell Iron(IV) Oxo Complex with an Fe-O Triple Bond: Computational Design, Synthesis, and Reactivity
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Jana Roithová, Koen Segers, Jaya Mehara, Lubomír Rulíšek, and Erik Andris
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ligand design ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,iron oxo complexes ,Iron Oxo Complexes | Hot Paper ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Singlet state ,Open shell ,Research Articles ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Ligand ,Bond strength ,spin state ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Antibonding molecular orbital ,Triple bond ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,ion spectroscopy ,Unpaired electron ,Research Article - Abstract
Iron(IV)‐oxo intermediates in nature contain two unpaired electrons in the Fe–O antibonding orbitals, which are thought to contribute to their high reactivity. To challenge this hypothesis, we designed and synthesized closed‐shell singlet iron(IV) oxo complex [(quinisox)Fe(O)]+ (1+; quinisox‐H=(N‐(2‐(2‐isoxazoline‐3‐yl)phenyl)quinoline‐8‐carboxamide). We identified the quinisox ligand by DFT computational screening out of over 450 candidates. After the ligand synthesis, we detected 1+ in the gas phase and confirmed its spin state by visible and infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (IRPD). The Fe–O stretching frequency in 1+ is 960.5 cm−1, consistent with an Fe–O triple bond, which was also confirmed by multireference calculations. The unprecedented bond strength is accompanied by high gas‐phase reactivity of 1+ in oxygen atom transfer (OAT) and in proton‐coupled electron transfer reactions. This challenges the current view of the spin‐state driven reactivity of the Fe–O complexes., An iron oxo complex with an Fe≡O bond and a closed shell ground state was designed by employing DFT calculations, synthesized, and experimentally characterized by gas‐phase spectroscopic techniques. Despite the unprecedented Fe≡O bond strength and closed‐shell ground state, it still exhibits high‐reactivity.
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- 2020
10. Copper Arylnitrene Intermediates: Formation, Structure and Reactivity
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Jana Roithová and Noël R. M. de Kler
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010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Ethanethiol ,Ligand ,Nitrene ,Metals and Alloys ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Copper ,Catalysis ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pyridine ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Moiety ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Amine gas treating - Abstract
The mechanism of oxidation of arylamines by copper enzymes is not clarified yet. Here, we explored a reaction between a possible high-valent copper(II)-oxyl intermediate and arylamine. We have employed a TPA ligand (TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) with the NH2 group in position 2 of one of the pyridine rings (TPANH2). This model system allows generation of [(TPANH2)Cu(O)]+ in the gas phase, which immediately undergoes a reaction between the arylamino group and the copper oxyl moiety. The reaction leads to elimination of H2O and formation of a copper–nitrene complex. The structure of the resulting copper–nitrene complex was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy in the gas phase. We show that the copper–nitrene complex reacts by hydrogen atom transfer with 1,4-cyclohexadiene and by an order of magnitude faster by a double hydrogen atom transfer with ethanethiol and methanol. DFT calculations explain the formation of the copper nitrene as well as its reactivity in agreement with the experimental findings.
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- 2020
11. Identifying reactive intermediates by mass spectrometry
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Jaya Mehara and Jana Roithová
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Reaction mechanism ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Reactive intermediate ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,Mass spectrometric ,Dissociation (chemistry) ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Computational chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Charged species - Abstract
Development of new reactions requires finding and understanding of novel reaction pathways. In challenging reactions such as C–H activations, these pathways often involve highly reactive intermediates which are the key to our understanding, but difficult to study. Mass spectrometry has a unique sensitivity for detecting low abundant charged species; therefore it is increasingly used for detection of such intermediates in metal catalysed- and organometallic reactions. This perspective shows recent developments in the field of mass spectrometric research of reaction mechanisms with a special focus on going beyond mass-detection. Chapters discuss the advantages of collision-induced dissociation, ion mobility and ion spectroscopy for characterization of structures of the detected intermediates. In addition, we discuss the relationship between the condensed phase chemistry and mass spectrometric detection of species from solution., Modern approaches of mass spectrometry can identify reaction intermediates and provide a unique insight into their structure, properties and kinetics.
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- 2020
12. Nucleophilic versus Electrophilic Reactivity of Bioinspired Superoxido Nickel(II) Complexes
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Matthias Driess, Bhawana Pandey, Erik Andris, Teresa Corona, S. Künstner, Chakadola Panda, Jana Roithová, Erik R. Farquhar, Somenath Garai, Kallol Ray, Nils Lindenmaier, Gopalan Rajaraman, and Anirban Chandra
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Models, Molecular ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Salt (chemistry) ,Lithium ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,Catalysis ,Nucleophile ,Coordination Complexes ,Nickel ,Superoxides ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Struktur aktivitats beziehungen ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Oxygen ,chemistry ,Electrophile ,Oxygenases ,Quantum Theory ,Salts ,Oxidoreductases ,Ground state ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
The formation and detailed spectroscopic characterization of the first biuret-containing monoanionic superoxido-NiII intermediate [LNiO2 ]- as the Li salt [2; L=MeN[C(=O)NAr)2 ; Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )] is reported. It results from oxidation of the corresponding [Li(thf)3 ]2 [LNiII Br2 ] complex M with excess H2 O2 in the presence of Et3 N. The [LNiO2 ]- core of 2 shows an unprecedented nucleophilic reactivity in the oxidative deformylation of aldehydes, in stark contrast to the electrophilic character of the previously reported neutral Nacnac-containing superoxido-NiII complex 1, [L'NiO2 ] (L'=CH(CMeNAr)2 ). According to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, the remarkably different behaviour of 1 versus 2 can be attributed to their different charges and a two-state reactivity, in which a doublet ground state and a nearby spin-polarized doublet excited-state both contribute in 1 but not in 2. The unexpected nucleophilicity of the superoxido-NiII core of 2 suggests that such a reactivity may also play a role in catalytic cycles of Ni-containing oxygenases and oxidases.
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- 2018
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13. A Focus Honoring Helmut Schwarz's Election to the National Academy of Sciences
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Konrad Koszinowski, Jana Roithová, and Richard A. J. O'Hair
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Focus (computing) ,010405 organic chemistry ,Structural Biology ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Library science ,Analytical Chemistry (journal) ,01 natural sciences ,Spectroscopy ,0104 chemical sciences - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 214956.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
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- 2019
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14. Mechanistic insight into organic and industrial transformations: general discussion
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Joseph S. Renny, Alison N. Hulme, James W. Walton, Markus Reiher, Jeremy N. Harvey, Aaron L. Odom, Jason M. Lynam, Odile Eisenstein, Shigeki Kuwata, Jana Roithova, Martin Jakoobi, George E Clarke, Robin N. Perutz, Anthony Haynes, Laurel L. Schafer, David J. Nelson, Stuart MacGregor, Matthias Bauer, Youichi Ishii, Yutaka Aoki, Toshiro Takao, Peter W. Seavill, Thomas Braun, Simone Gallarati, Megan Greaves, Guy C. Lloyd-Jones, Jennifer A. Love, Tom A. Young, Jamie A. Cadge, John M. Slattery, Jonathan D. Wilden, Chun-Yuen Wong, Pierre Kennepohl, Aiwen Lei, Derek J. Durand, Samuel Scott, Robert H. Morris, Vidar R. Jensen, Ulrich Hintermair, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Bergen (UiB), Medical Informatics Division, Tottori University Hospital, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Organic Chemistry [Prague], University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Department of Chemistry [Vancouver] (UBC Chemistry), and University of British Columbia (UBC)
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ab-initio ,mono-oxidation ,complexes ,ligands ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,[CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,reactivity ,[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,phosphines ,challenge ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,donor properties ,activation ,Biochemical engineering ,solvation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 215022.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
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- 2019
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15. Flavinium Catalysed Photooxidation: Detection and Characterization of Elusive Peroxyflavinium Intermediates
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Jan Zelenka, Jana Roithová, and Radek Cibulka
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Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Radical ,Reaction intermediate ,Flavin group ,Alkylation ,Photochemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Electron Transport ,Electron transfer ,Flavins ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Research Articles ,mass spectrometry ,Chemistry ,010405 organic chemistry ,photooxidation ,Photodissociation ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,flavin ,0104 chemical sciences ,Microsecond ,ion spectroscopy ,peroxy intermediates ,Lasers, Semiconductor ,Protons ,Photooxidation | Very Important Paper ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Research Article - Abstract
Flavin‐based catalysts are photoactive in the visible range which makes them useful in biology and chemistry. Herein, we present electrospray‐ionization mass‐spectrometry detection of short‐lived intermediates in photooxidation of toluene catalysed by flavinium ions (Fl+). Previous studies have shown that photoexcited flavins react with aromates by proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) on the microsecond time scale. For Fl+, PCET leads to FlH.+ with the H‐atom bound to the N5 position. We show that the reaction continues by coupling between FlH.+ and hydroperoxy or benzylperoxy radicals at the C4a position of FlH.+. These results demonstrate that the N5‐blocking effect reported for alkylated flavins is also active after PCET in these photocatalytic reactions. Structures of all intermediates were fully characterised by isotopic labelling and by photodissociation spectroscopy. These tools provide a new way to study reaction intermediates in the sub‐second time range., Active site switch occurred after N5‐hydrogen blocking which resulted from proton coupled electron transfer. The short‐lived peroxy‐flavinium reaction intermediates were characterised by mass spectrometry and ion spectroscopy. Although the effect of N5‐hydrogen blocking was predicted more than 40 years ago, this is the first direct evidence.
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- 2019
16. M-O Bonding Beyond the Oxo Wall: Spectroscopy and Reactivity of Cobalt(III)-Oxyl and Cobalt(III)-Oxo Complexes
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Jana Roithová, Rafael Navrátil, Monica Rodriguez, Juraj Jašík, Martin Srnec, Miquel Costas, Erik Andris, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Espanya)
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Reactive intermediate ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Medicinal chemistry ,C−H activation ,Catalysis ,Metal ,Transition metal ,Catàlisi ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,cobalt-oxo complexes ,helium tagging ,Spectroscopy ,Research Articles ,Mass spectrometry ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Enllaços químics ,Photodissociation ,Chemical bonds ,Activació (Química) ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,iron-oxo complexes ,oxo wall ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bonding Analysis ,ion spectroscopy ,Espectrometria de masses ,Activation (Chemistry) ,visual_art ,Metalls de transició -- Compostos ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Cobalt ,Transition metal compounds ,Research Article - Abstract
Aquest mateix article està publicat a l'edició alemanya d''Angewandte Chemie' (ISSN 0044-8249, EISSN 1521-3757), 2019, vol.131, núm. 28, p. 9721-9726. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201904546 Terminal oxo complexes of late transition metals are frequently proposed reactive intermediates. However, they are scarcely known beyond Group 8. Using mass spectrometry, we prepared and characterized two such complexes: [(N4Py)CoIII(O)]+ (1) and [(N4Py)CoIV(O)]2+ (2). Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy revealed that the Co−O bond in 1 is rather strong, in accordance with its lack of chemical reactivity. On the contrary, 2 has a very weak Co−O bond characterized by a stretching frequency of ≤659 cm−1. Accordingly, 2 can abstract hydrogen atoms from non-activated secondary alkanes. Previously, this reactivity has only been observed in the gas phase for small, coordinatively unsaturated metal complexes. Multireference ab-initio calculations suggest that 2, formally a cobalt(IV)-oxo complex, is best described as cobalt(III)-oxyl. Our results provide important data on changes to metal-oxo bonding behind the oxo wall and show that cobalt-oxo complexes are promising targets for developing highly active C−H oxidation catalysts The project was funded by the European Research Council (ERC CoG No. 682275), the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (LTAUSA17026), the COST action ECOSTBio, MINECO of Spain (CTQ2015‐70795‐P), the Catalan DIUE of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR01378, a BFI PhD grant to M.R., and an ICREA‐Academia award), and the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Grant No. 18‐13093S)
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- 2019
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17. Spectroscopic and Computational Evidence of Intramolecular (AuH+)-H-I-N Hydrogen Bonding
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Aleš Růžička, Jan Vícha, Jana Roithová, Lubomír Rulíšek, Michal Straka, and Erik Andris
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Materials science ,010405 organic chemistry ,Infrared ,Hydrogen bond ,Photodissociation ,Protonation ,General Chemistry ,Interaction energy ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical bond ,Intramolecular force ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Carbene - Abstract
Despite substantial evidence of short Au⋅⋅⋅H-X contacts derived from a number of X-ray structures of AuI compounds, the nature of AuI ⋅⋅⋅H bonding in these systems has not been clearly understood. Herein, we present the first spectroscopic evidence for an intramolecular AuI ⋅⋅⋅H+ -N hydrogen bond in a [Cl-Au-L]+ complex, where L is a protonated N-heterocyclic carbene. The complex was isolated in the gas phase and characterized with helium-tagging infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra, in which H+ -N-mode-derived bands evidence the intramolecular AuI ⋅⋅⋅H+ -N bond. Quantum chemical calculations reproduce the experimental IRPD spectra and allow to characterize the intramolecular Au⋅⋅⋅H+ -N bonding with a short rAu⋅⋅⋅H distance of 2.17 A and an interaction energy of approximately -10 kcal mol-1 . Various theoretical descriptors of chemical bonding calculated for the Au⋅⋅⋅H+ -N interaction provide strong evidence for a hydrogen bond of moderate strength.
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- 2019
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18. C–H Funkcionalizace karboxyláty palladia: efekt kyseliny
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Jan Bartáček, Miloš Sedlák, Jana Roithová, Jiří Váňa, and Jiří Hanusek
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inorganic chemicals ,C-H functionalizations ,Carboxylic acid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Protonation ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Palladium carboxylates ,karboxylové kyseliny ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Carboxylate ,Reaction conditions ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Karboxyláty palladia ,C–H funkcionalizace ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surface modification ,carboxylic acid ,Palladium - Abstract
Finding optimal reaction conditions is usually complex, requires many experiments, and is therefore demanding in terms of human, financial, and environmental resources. This work provides a simple workflow for easier design of popular palladium-catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions, where the active palladium catalysts contain carboxylate ligands. The key factor for optimizing reaction conditions is to find a balance between two opposing effects of the carboxylic acid in the reaction mixture: generation of more reactive palladium catalyst versus deactivation of a substrate by its protonation. Hledání optimální reakčních podmínek je obecně komplikované a vyžaduje mnoho experimentů a je také spojeno s nároky na lidské, finanční a environmentální zdroje. Tato práce poskytuje jednoduchý postup pro snažší návrh populárních palladiem katalyzovaných C–H funkcionalizačních reakcí, v nichž aktivní katalyzátory palladia obsahují karboxylátové ligandy. Klíčovým faktorem pro optimalizační podmínky je nalézt rovnováhu mezi dvěma protichůdnými účinky karboxylové kyseliny v reakční směsi: tvorba více reaktivního katalyzátoru palladia vs. deaktivace substrátu protonací.
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- 2019
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19. Combining Flavin Photocatalysis and Organocatalysis: Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Unactivated Benzylic Substrates
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Marek Sikorski, Eva Svobodová, Veronika Boguschová, Jana Roithová, Radek Cibulka, Irena Hoskovcová, Ján Tarábek, Jan Zelenka, and Sarah Bailly
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Visible light irradiation ,Salt (chemistry) ,Flavin group ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Metal free ,Organocatalysis ,Excited state ,Oxidizing agent ,Photocatalysis ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
We report a system with ethylene-bridged flavinium salt 2b which catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of toluenes and benzyl alcohols with high oxidation potential (Eox > +2.5 V vs SCE) to give the corresponding benzoic acids under visible light irradiation. This is caused by the high oxidizing power of excited 2b (E(2b*) = +2.67 V vs SCE) involved in photooxidation and by the accompanying dark organocatalytic oxygenation provided by the in situ formed flavin hydroperoxide 2b-OOH.
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- 2019
20. Anti-cancer organoruthenium(II) complexes and their interactions with cysteine and its analogues. A mass-spectrometric study
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Jana Roithová, Iztok Turel, Anamarija Briš, and Juraj Jašík
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Ligand ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Tripeptide ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Ruthenium ,Amino acid ,amino acids ,anti-cancer activity ,IRPD spectroscopy ,mass spectrometry ,ruthenium ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Chemistry ,Deprotonation ,chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Molecule ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Cysteine - Abstract
The ruthenium complexes [Ru(CYM)(p-Cl-dkt)(Cl)] (1), [Ru(CYM)(pta)(p-Cl-dkt)]PF6 (2), and [Ru(CYM)(pta)Cl2] (3, RAPTA-C) (CYM = para-cymene, p-Cl-dkt = 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione, pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) are biologically active and show anti-cancer activities, albeit with different mechanisms. To further understand these mechanisms, we compared their speciation in aqueous solutions with an amino acid (cysteine), with an amino acid derivative (N-acetylcysteine) and with a tripeptide (glutathione) by Mass Spectrometry (MS). Here, we show that all ruthenium complexes have high selectivity for cysteine and cysteine-derived molecules. On one hand, [Ru(CYM)(p-Cl-dkt)(Cl)] undergoes solvolysis in water and forms [Ru2(CYM)2(OH)3]+. Subsequently, all hydroxyl anions are exchanged by deprotonated cysteine. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy (IRPD) showed that cysteine binds to the ruthenium atoms via the deprotonated thiol group and that sulfur bridges the ruthenium centers. On the other hand, the pta-bearing complexes remain monometallic and undergo only slow Cl or p-Cl-dkt exchange by deprotonated cysteine. Therefore, the pta ligand protects the ruthenium complexes from ligand exchange with water and from the formation of biruthenium clusters, possibly explaining why the mechanism of pta-bearing ruthenium complexes is not based on ROS production but on their reactivity as monometallic complexes., ESI-MS study of ruthenium complexes shows their high selectivity toward thiol containing molecules and formation of larger thiolate-bound clusters in absence of a protecting ligand such as pta.
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- 2019
21. Reactive cyclic intermediates in the ProTide prodrugs activation: trapping the elusive pentavalent phosphorane
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Eliška Procházková, Jana Roithová, Rafael Navrátil, Zlatko Janeba, and Ondřej Baszczyňski
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Phosphoranes ,Infrared spectroscopy ,Protide ,010402 general chemistry ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Antiviral Agents ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Nucleotide ,Phosphoric Acids ,Prodrugs ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Photolysis ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Nucleotides ,Organic Chemistry ,Phosphoramidate ,Prodrug ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Phosphonate ,Phosphorane ,Amides ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Cyclization - Abstract
Nucleotide prodrugs (ProTides) based on phosphate or phosphonate compounds are potent and successfully marketed antiviral drugs. Although their biological properties are well explored, experimental evidence on the mechanism of their activation pathway is still missing. In this study, we synthesized two ProTide analogues, which can be activated by UV light. Using 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy with in situ irradiation, we followed the ProTide activation pathway in various solvents, and we detected the first proposed intermediate and the monoamidate product. Furthermore, we used mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with infrared spectroscopy in the gas phase to detect and to characterize the elusive cyclic pentavalent phosphorane and cyclic acyl phosphoramidate intermediates. Our combined NMR and MS data provided the first experimental evidence of the cyclic intermediates in the activation pathway of ProTide prodrugs.
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- 2018
22. Experimentally Calibrated Analysis of the Electronic Structure of CuO+: Implications for Reactivity
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Jana Roithová, Rafael Navrátil, Martin Srnec, Erik Andris, and Juraj Jašík
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Materials science ,010405 organic chemistry ,Photodissociation ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Electronic structure ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Copper ,Catalysis ,Spectral line ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Ion ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Absorption (chemistry) ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
The CuO+ core is a central motif of reactive intermediates in copper-catalysed oxidations occurring in nature. The high reactivity of CuO+ stems from a weak bonding between the atoms, which cannot be described by a simple classical model. To obtain the correct picture, we have investigated the acetonitrile-ligated CuO+ ion using neon-tagging photodissociation spectroscopy at 5 K. The spectra feature complex vibronic absorption progressions in NIR and visible regions. Employing Franck-Condon analyses, we derived low-lying triplet potential energy surfaces that were further correlated with multireference calculations. This provided insight into the ground and low-lying excited electronic states of the CuO+ unit and elucidated how these states are perturbed by the change in ligation. Thus, we show that the bare CuO+ ion has prevailingly a copper(I)-biradical oxygen character. Increasing the number of ligands coordinated to copper changes the CuO+ character towards the copper(II)-oxyl radical structure.
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- 2018
23. Tunable properties based on regioselectivity of 1,2,3-triazole units in axially chiral 2,2′-linked 1,1′-binaphthyl-based copolymers for ions and acid responsiveness
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Jan Lauko, Alan E. Rowan, Peter Kasak, and Paul H. J. Kouwer
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Circular dichroism ,Polymers and Plastics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Fluorene ,Dihedral angle ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Moiety ,Ion sensor ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Acid responsiveness ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Molecular Materials ,Regioselectivity ,Polymer ,Binaphthyl ,Cycloaddition ,0104 chemical sciences ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Chiral ,Triazole - Abstract
The synthesis and optical studies of a new chiral binaphthyl-based polymeric sensor are described herein. The polymers were prepared using the copper-catalyzed azide?alkyne cycloaddition reaction between fluorene and binaphthyl monomeric units. Resulted polymers differ in the orientation of the 1,2,3-triazole unit as a linker in polymeric backbone based on monomeric character. The responses of these polymers to both exposure to metal ions and the acidic medium were investigated by UV?vis absorbance, circular dichroism and fluorescence analysis. The changes in the absorption, chiroptical and fluorescence properties of the polymers indicate a change of the dihedral angle between the two naphthalene units on the binaphthyl moiety and tunability in conjugation. Moreover, an influence of regioselectivity of 1,2,3-triazole unit in polymer backbone in regards to complexation was discussed. The modulation in signal was detected in real time and makes this system a suitable candidate for further applications as an ion sensor or acid-responsive material The authors would like to thank Dr. I. Lacik (Polymer Institute, the Slovak Academy of Science, Slovakia) for generously providing the laboratory facilities in the initial stage of the studies. P.K. thanks to the NPRP award [ 8-878-1-172 ] from Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. Scopus
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- 2018
24. Trapping Iron(III)-Oxo Species at the Boundary of the 'Oxo Wall': Insights into the Nature of the Fe(III)-O Bond
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Mayank Puri, Miquel Costas, Juraj Jašík, Erik Andris, Jana Roithová, Rafael Navrátil, and Lawrence Que
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Spin states ,010405 organic chemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Electron ,010402 general chemistry ,Antibonding molecular orbital ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Bond order ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Atomic orbital ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Spin (physics) - Abstract
Terminal non-heme iron(IV)-oxo compounds are among the most powerful and best studied oxidants of strong C-H bonds. In contrast to the increasing number of such complexes (>80 thus far), corresponding one-electron-reduced derivatives are much rarer and presumably less stable, and only two iron(III)-oxo complexes have been characterized to date, both of which are stabilized by hydrogen-bonding interactions. Herein we have employed gas-phase techniques to generate and identify a series of terminal iron(III)-oxo complexes, all without built-in hydrogen bonding. Some of these complexes exhibit ∼70 cm-1 decrease in ν(Fe-O) frequencies expected for a half-order decrease in bond order upon one-electron reduction to an S = 5/2 center, while others have ν(Fe-O) frequencies essentially unchanged from those of their parent iron(IV)-oxo complexes. The latter result suggests that the added electron does not occupy a d orbital with Fe═O antibonding character, requiring an S = 3/2 spin assignment for the nascent FeIII-O- species. In the latter cases, water is found to hydrogen bond to the FeIII-O- unit, resulting in a change from quartet to sextet spin state. Reactivity studies also demonstrate the extraordinary basicity of these iron(III)-oxo complexes. Our observations show that metal-oxo species at the boundary of the "Oxo Wall" are accessible, and the data provide a lead to detect iron(III)-oxo intermediates in biological and biomimetic reactions.
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- 2018
25. Silver(I)-Catalyzed C-X, C-C, C-N, and C-O Cross-Couplings Using Aminoquinoline Directing Group via Elusive Aryl-Ag(III) Species
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Màrius Tarrés, Erik Andris, Anamarija Briš, Steven Roldán-Gómez, Lorena Capdevila, Jana Roithová, and Xavi Ribas
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silver ,cross-coupling ,two-electron redox catalysis ,mass spectrometry ,infrared photodissociation spectroscopy ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Aryl ,Organic Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Oxidative addition ,Redox ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Aminoquinoline ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Catalytic cycle ,Nucleophile ,Polymer chemistry ,medicine ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Organic synthesis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cross-coupling transformations are a powerful tool in organic synthesis. It is known that this kind of transformation undergoes 2- electron redox processes, and, for this reason, silver has been nearly forgotten as catalyst for cross-couplings because silver is mainly considered as a 1-electron redox metal. Herein, we disclose effective Ag(I)-catalyzed cross- coupling transformations using bidentate aminoquinoline as a directing group toward different nucleophiles to form C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds. DFT calculations indicate the feasible oxidative addition of L1-I substrate via the Ag(I)/Ag(III) catalytic cycle. Furthermore, ion spectroscopy experiments suggest a highly reactive aryl-Ag(III) that in the absence of nucleophiles reacts to form an intermolecular cyclic product [5d-Ag(I)-CH3CN], which in solution forms 5a. This work proves that silver can undergo 2-electron redox processes in cross-coupling reactions like Pd and Cu.
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- 2018
26. Tuning the H‐Atom Transfer Reactivity of Iron(IV)‐Oxo Complexes as Probed by Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy
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Guilherme L. Tripodi, Lawrence Que, Magda M. J. Dekker, and Jana Roithová
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Tris ,Infrared ,reactivity screening ,iron-oxo ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,C−H activation ,Adduct ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrogen Atom Transfer | Very Important Paper ,Spectroscopy and Catalysis ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Spectroscopy ,Research Articles ,mass spectrometry ,Ligand ,010405 organic chemistry ,Photodissociation ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,ion spectroscopy ,chemistry ,Amine gas treating ,Research Article - Abstract
Reactivities of non‐heme iron(IV)‐oxo complexes are mostly controlled by the ligands. Complexes with tetradentate ligands such as [(TPA)FeO]2+ (TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) belong to the most reactive ones. Here, we show a fine‐tuning of the reactivity of [(TPA)FeO]2+ by an additional ligand X (X=CH3CN, CF3SO3 −, ArI, and ArIO; ArI=2‐(tBuSO2)C6H4I) attached in solution and reveal a thus far unknown role of the ArIO oxidant. The HAT reactivity of [(TPA)FeO(X)]+/2+ decreases in the order of X: ArIO > MeCN > ArI ≈ TfO−. Hence, ArIO is not just a mere oxidant of the iron(II) complex, but it can also increase the reactivity of the iron(IV)‐oxo complex as a labile ligand. The detected HAT reactivities of the [(TPA)FeO(X)]+/2+ complexes correlate with the Fe=O and FeO−H stretching vibrations of the reactants and the respective products as determined by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. Hence, the most reactive [(TPA)FeO(ArIO)]2+ adduct in the series has the weakest Fe=O bond and forms the strongest FeO−H bond in the HAT reaction., The reaction kinetics of H‐atom transfer mediated by iron(IV)oxo complexes with different cis‐ligands can be studied in a modular flow reactor coupled to MS detection. The HAT reactivity correlates with the intrinsic properties of the isolated complexes in the gas phase. A ligand with a larger binding energy forms a more reactive complex for the HAT reactions, has a weaker FeIV=O bond, and forms a stronger FeIIIO−H bond after the HAT reaction.
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