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5 results on '"Department of mechanical and industrial engineering (Toronto, CANADA)"'

1. About the influence of temperature and environmental relative humidity on the longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of elementary alfa fibers

Author

Habiba Bougherara, Mokhtar Khaldi, Alexandre Vivet, Mohamed Mokhtar Bouziane, University of Mustapha Stambouli Mascara, École Nationale Polytechnique d'Oran Maurice Audin (ENPO-MA), Propriétés des Matériaux pour les Economies d'Energie (PM2E), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Department of mechanical and industrial engineering (Toronto, CANADA), Ryerson University [Toronto], University Mustapha Stambouli [Mascara], Laboratoire de Biochimie analytique et Biotechnologies [Tizi-Ouzou] (LABAB), Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou] (UMMTO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, hydrophilic polymers, Modulus, 02 engineering and technology, fibers, mechanical properties, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, Materials Chemistry, Relative humidity, Composite material, cellulose and other wood products, Thermal cycle, Humidity, General Chemistry, Nanoindentation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Durability, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Transverse plane, biodegradable, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Composites reinforced with plant-based fibers present a high potential for valori- zation in new industrial applications due to their good specific mechanical charac- teristics, renewability, and recyclability. In order to accelerate their wide industry adoption, it is critical to assess their behavior and durability in heat and humid environments. This article aims at investigating the effects of temperature and rel- ative humidity (RH) on the longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of the lignocellulosic fibers extracted from alfa plant (Stipa tenacissima L). For this purpose, tensile and nanoindentation tests were performed on elementary alfa fibers subjected to a thermal cycle of 200  C. The fibers were held at various periods of 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. The test results showed that the longitudinal and transverse Young's moduli are moderately affected by short thermal cycles having duration of 15–30 min. However, for longer thermal cycle (i.e., 2 hr), a deg- radation of 21% for the transverse modulus was recorded. This degradation dou- bled for the longitudinal modulus (43 vs. 21%). A similar trend was observed for the breaking strength. This study also showed that the RH strongly affects the mechanical performances of alfa fibers.

Published
2020
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2. Mesoscale modelling of tensile response and damage evolution in natural fibre reinforced laminates

Author

Fodil Meraghni, Habiba Bougherara, Yves Chemisky, Zia Mahboob, Department of mechanical and industrial engineering (Toronto, CANADA), Ryerson University [Toronto], Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and This research is supported in part by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada e Discovery Grants program(NSERC-DG), funding reference RGPIN 2014-05838.

Subjects
Materials science, Mesoscale meteorology, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MECA.SOLID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Damage mechanics, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Optimisation algorithm, Mécanique: Mécanique des matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Tensile response, Composite material, Plastic deformation, Engineering structures, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Mécanique: Mécanique des solides [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Mechanical testing, Epoxy, Structural engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Natural fibre composites, 0104 chemical sciences, Nonlinear system, Continuum damage mechanics, Computational modelling, Mechanics of Materials, visual_art, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

A continuum damage mechanics based mesoscale model is developed within a thermodynamics framework to describe the in-plane tensile response in natural fibre composites. The standard Mesoscale Damage Theory (MDT) is modified to incorporate damage and inelasticity evolution in the fibre-direction, thereby capturing the unique nonlinear fibre-direction response evidenced in natural fibre composites (NFC). The multi-ply damage model is validated using tests on Flax/epoxy laminates and available data on Carbon/epoxy laminates. Model parameters are identified for Flax/epoxy by applying an optimisation algorithm that compares numerical predictions with experimental data. Predictions of mechanical response, stiffness degradation, and inelasticity correlate very well with experimental observations of Flax-laminates. This modified-MDT model offers a predictive, robust tool to aid the development of NFC engineering structures. This research is supported in part by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada e Discovery Grants program (NSERC-DG), funding reference RGPIN 2014-05838.

Published
2017
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3. Effect of Nitrogen on Properties of Na 2 O-CaO-SrO-ZnO-SiO 2 Glasses

Author

Mark R. Towler, Claudine Follet, Anne Leriche, Arnaud Tricoteaux, Cyrille Mercier, Stuart Hampshire, Jean-Christophe Hornez, Ahmed Bachar, Bertrand Revel, Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés - EA 2443 (LMCPA), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Commun de Mesure de RMN, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Materials and Surface Sciences Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Department of mechanical and industrial engineering (Toronto, CANADA), Ryerson University [Toronto], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Silicon, Base (chemistry), Doping, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Reagent, Indentation, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Elastic modulus
Abstract

International audience; Glasses in the Na2O–CaO–SrO–ZnO–SiO2 system have previously been investigated for suitability as a reagent in Al-free glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs). These materials have many properties that offer potential in orthopedics. However, their applicability has been limited, to date, because of their poor strength. This study was undertaken with the aim ofincreasing the mechanical properties of a series of these Zn-based GPC glasses by doping with nitrogen to give overall compositions of: 10Na2O–10CaO–20SrO–20ZnO–(40 – 3x) SiO2–xSi3N4 (x is the no. of moles of Si3N4). The density, glass-transition temperature, hardness, and elastic modulus of each glass were found to increase fairly linearly with nitrogencontent. Indentation fracture resistance also increases with nitrogen content according to a power law relationship. Theseincreases are consistent with the incorporation of N into the glass structure in threefold coordination with silicon resulting in extra cross-linking of the glass network. This was confirmed using 29Si MAS-NMR which showed that an increasing numberof Q2 units and some Q3 units with extra bridging anions are formed as nitrogen content increases at the expense of Q1units. A small proportion of Zn ions are found to be in tetrahedral coordination in the base oxide glass and the proportion of these increases with the presence of nitrogen.

Published
2015
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4. Processing and electrical characterization of a unidirectional CFRP composite filled with double walled carbon nanotubes

Author

Ihab El Sawi, Philippe Demont, Philippe Olivier, Habiba Bougherara, Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), Department of mechanical and industrial engineering (Toronto, CANADA), Ryerson University (Toronto), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux ( CIRIMAT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Ryerson University [Toronto], Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ryerson University (CANADA), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), Materials science, Carbon nanotube actuators, Matériaux, Composite number, Carbon nanotubes, Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, Tunneling conduction, Composite material, Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, General Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, 0104 chemical sciences, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Electrical properties, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Carbon nanotubes represent new emergent multifunctional materials that have potential applications for structural and electrically conductive composites. In the current paper we present a suitable technique for the integration of Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWCNTs) in a unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) with high volume content of carbon fiber. We showed that the electrical conductivity of the laminates versus temperature follows a non-linear variation which can be well described by the Fluctuation-Induced Tunneling Conduction (FITC) model. The parameters of this model for CFRP/ DWCNTs and CFRP without DWCNTs were determined using best fit curves of the experimental data. This study has shown that DWCNTs have strong influence in the conductivity through laminate thickness. However, there are no significant effects on the electrical conductivity measured in the other two principle directions of the composite laminate. Furthermore, it was found that electron conduction mechanism of carbon fibers is dominated by the FITC.

Published
2012
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5. Investigation of the effect of double-walled carbon nanotubes on the curing reaction kinetics and shear flow of an epoxy resin

Author

Philippe Demont, Ihab El Sawi, Habiba Bougherara, Philippe Olivier, Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ) -Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of mechanical and industrial engineering (Toronto, CANADA), Ryerson University (Toronto), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux ( CIRIMAT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Toronto (CANADA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Ryerson University [Toronto], Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Matériaux, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law.invention, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Reaction rate, Differential scanning calorimetry, Rheology, Cure kinetics, law, Carbon nanotubes/epoxy, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Shear viscosity, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, Curing (chemistry), General Chemistry, Epoxy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Shear rate, visual_art, [ PHYS.MECA.MEMA ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [ SPI.MECA.MEMA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], visual_art.visual_art_medium, Mécanique des matériaux, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition
Abstract

International audience; In this article, the effect of combined temperature- concentration and shear rate conditions on the rheology of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs)/ RTM6-Epoxy suspension was investigated to determine the optimum processing conditions. The rheological behavior and cure kinetics of this nanocomposite are presented. Cure kinetics analysis of the epoxy resin and the epoxy resin filled with DWCNTs was performed using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and parameters of the kinetics model were compared. The DWCNTs have an acceleration effect on the reaction rate of the epoxy resin but no significant effect is noted on the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin. This study reveals that the effect of shear-thinning is more pronounced at high temperatures when DWCNTs content is increased. In addition, the steady shear flow exhibits a thermally activated property above 60°C whereas the polymer fluid viscosity is influenced by the free volume and cooperative effects when the temperature is below 60°C.

Published
2012
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