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Many recent efforts on the electrode design for advanced Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are often devoted to increasing the gravimetric capacity, but little attention is paid to the volumetric capacity wh...

We develop a pre-sodiation method by simply immersing the electrode in a liquid sodium source to reduce irreversible capacity loss for titanium-based materials. This liquid is more safe in operation and penetrates through the electrode more homogeneously than sodium metal. This method is easily extended to other titanium-based materials, and provides a possibility for large industrial applications.

Blending two materials together to improve electrode performance has been proven an effective and practical strategy in the battery industry. Herein, we fabricate a novel n-HC/GeP5 composite that doubles the energy density over hard carbon (HC) without sacrificing cycle stability and rate performance. The GeP5, with high capacity (2289 mAh g−1), ultra-high conductivity (2.4*106 S m−1) and high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE > 90%), enables it serve as an effective additive to HC at a low weight percent. By introducing 20% wt GeP5 by mass ratio into HC, the obtained n-HC/GeP5-20%wt composite improves the reversible capacity from 400 mAh g−1 to 898 mAh g−1, and improves ICE from 74% to 85%. In addition, the rate capability of n-HC/GeP5, with 516 mAh g−1 and 64% retention comparing 1C–8C, is much better than that of pure HC (273 mAh g−1, 54% retention). Consequently, when tested at 1C and 8C for 550 cycles, large reversible capacity of 575 mAh g−1 and 400 mAh g−1 respectively can still be obtained for this n-HC/GeP5-20% hybrid, revealing its great potential to be used in commercial battery products.