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1. Exploring time like tranistions in pp, πp and AA reactions with HADES

Author

Roman Gernhäuser, A. Kugler, S. Spies, P. Chudoba, Sergey V. Morozov, R. Greifenhagen, Vikram Patel, M. Lorenz, M. B. Golubeva, P. Rodriguez-Ramos, C. Müntz, P. Wintz, Krzysztof Piasecki, J. Stumm, T. Mahmoud, Christoph Blume, T. Galatyuk, B. Kardan, Burkhard Kampfer, B. Ramstein, A. Kozela, J. Dreyer, Alexander Belyaev, A. Prozorov, T. Matulewicz, O. Petukhov, J. Friese, A. Malige, US Singh, D. Dittert, A. Lebedev, A. Rost, G. Kornakov, V. Pechenov, Piotr Salabura, K. H. Kampert, A. Zhilin, S. Maurus, L. Naumann, C. Wendisch, P. Tlusty, M. Gumberidze, F. Scozzi, J. Adamczewski-Musch, F. Seck, C. Höhne, M. G. Wiebusch, A. Belounnas, Fedor Guber, S. Harabasz, M. Traxler, O. Pechenova, A.A. Weber, F. Kornas, Izabela Ciepał, S. Fateev, J. Pietraszko, M. Böhmer, A.P. Ierusalimov, K. Nowakowski, O. Svoboda, W. Koenig, S. Lebedev, Laura Fabbietti, J. Kuboś, Oleg Golosov, P. Kulesa, C. Pauly, S. Borisenko, L. Chlad, N. Rathod, W.A. Esmail, H. Ströbele, L. Ritman, P. Zumbruch, P. Salabura, Andrey Reshetin, V. Wagner, R. Holzmann, A. Blanco, I. Kres, J. Förtsch, P. Fonte, J. Markert, A. Ivashkin, R. Kotte, Gennady Lykasov, V. P. Ladygin, S. Linev, K. Pysz, B. Arnoldi-Meadows, C. Ungethüm, O. Vazquez-Doce, H. Huck, D. Pfeifer, Witold Przygoda, R. Hensch, L. Lopes, Joachim Stroth, J.-H. Otto, I. Shabanov, R. Lalik, I. Fröhlich, I. Selyuzhenkov, I. Koenig, Volker Metag, J. Michel, J. Wirth, M. Szala, Michael Dürr, Jerzy Smyrski, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and HADES

Subjects
p p: scattering, Photon, heavy ion: scattering, Meson, pi p: scattering, QC1-999, Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, dilepton, Nuclear physics, photon: massive, meson: coupling, 0103 physical sciences, transition: electromagnetic, ddc:530, Vector meson, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, enhancement, QCD matter, quantum chromodynamics: matter, Physics, form factor: transition, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, vector meson, Baryon, baryon, HADES, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

NSTAR 2019, Bonn, Germany, 10 Jun 2019 - 14 Jun 2019; The European physical journal / Web of Conferences 241, 01013 (2020). doi:10.1051/epjconf/202024101013, Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2020

2. Production and electromagnetic decay of hyperons: a feasibility study with HADES as a Phase-0 experiment at FAIR

Author

Burkhard Kampfer, G. Kornakov, H.P. Zbroszczyk, K. Nowakowski, O. Svoboda, J. Saraiva, R. Greifenhagen, H. Huck, L. Chlad, J. Kuboś, C. Wendisch, M. Strikhanov, J. Szewczyk, M. Wasiluk, A.A. Weber, P. Chudoba, T. Matulewicz, T. Galatyuk, M. Szala, K. Pysz, S. Linev, I. Koenig, L. Naumann, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, F. Kornas, M. Kohls, Witold Przygoda, Manfred Sobiella, Sergey V. Morozov, V. Kedych, B. Kardan, E. Schwab, T. Heinz, O. Petukhov, B. Ramstein, Krzysztof Piasecki, J. Adamczewski-Musch, A. Prozorov, F. Scozzi, M. Grunwald, J. Ritman, C. Müntz, M. Lorenz, P. Kulessa, D. Grzonka, D. Pfeifer, A. Zhilin, N. Schild, Fedor Guber, A.P. Ierusalimov, J. Friese, V. Khomyakov, V. Serdyuk, J. Regina, G. I. Lykasov, Jerzy Smyrski, N. Rathod, P. Wintz, A. Shabanov, Arkadiy Taranenko, A. Kugler, M. Gumberidze, J. Rieger, I. Fröhlich, G. Perez Andrade, A. Rost, H. Ströbele, J. Michel, B. Heybeck, S. Spies, A. Malige, A. Rustamov, B. Włoch, I. Georgadze, C. Charlotte, V. Wagner, A. Blanco, P. Fonte, Andrey Reshetin, O. Pechenova, Udai Pratap Singh, A. Ivashkin, R. Kotte, J. Pietraszko, Christoph Blume, K. Sumara, S. Reznikov, A. Kozela, Karin Schönning, S. Orfanitsky, V. Pechenov, D. Dittert, A.I. Zinchenko, W. Koenig, P. Tlusty, D.S. Borisenko, A. Derichs, C. Pauly, W.A. Esmail, S. Lebedev, V. Kozlov, C. Le Galliard, I. Kres, J. Förtsch, R. Lalik, L. Lopes, M. Imre, Joachim Stroth, M. B. Golubeva, P. Rodriguez-Ramos, J.-H. Otto, Izabela Ciepał, M. Holona, A. Lebedev, M. Traxler, Vikram Patel, J. Dreyer, Alexander Belyaev, K. H. Kampert, F. Seck, Oleg Golosov, P. Zumbruch, P. Salabura, C. Höhne, E. Zherebzova, R. Holzmann, J. Markert, V. P. Ladygin, O. V. Fateev, S. Harabasz, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HADES, and PANDA

Subjects
Lambda(1520): electromagnetic decay, p p: scattering, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, hyperon: electromagnetic decay, hydrogen: liquid, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, polymer, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Subatomär fysik, Particle decay, Subatomic Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Lambda(1405): electromagnetic decay, ddc:530, Darmstadt GSI FAIR, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Xi-: production, Regular Article - Experimental Physics, Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons, Particle and Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Fusion, p p: interaction, hydrogen: target, Physics, forward spectrometer, Sigma(1385): electromagnetic decay, energy: kinetic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Lambda(1405), PANDA, Hyperon, Order (ring theory), 4.5 GeV/nucleon, ddc, Baryon, HADES, Sigma(1385), upgrade, Production (computer science), High Energy Physics::Experiment, performance, acceptance
Abstract

A feasibility study has been performed in order to investigate the performance of the HADES detector to measure the electromagnetic decays of the hyperon resonances $\Sigma(1385)^0$, $\Lambda(1405)$ and $\Lambda{\Lambda}(1520)$ as well as the production of double strange baryon systems $\Xi^-$ and $\Lambda\Lambda$ in p+p reactions at a beam kinetic energy of 4.5 GeV. The existing HADES detector will be upgraded by a new Forward Detector, which extends the detector acceptance into a range of polar angles that plays a crucial role for these investigations. The analysis of each channel is preceded by a consideration of the production cross-sections. Afterwards the expected signal count rates using a target consisting of either liquid hydrogen or polyethylene are summarized., Comment: Draft prepared by Rafa{\l} Lalik, James Ritman, Piotr Salabura, 19 pages, 21 figures, 4 tables

Published
2020
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3. Development of the Readout and Data-Acquisition System for the RICH Detector of the CBM Experiment

Author

Pavel Akishin, Yu. G. Riabov, S. Querchfeld, V. Dobyrn, V. Schetinin, J. Heep, J. Kopfer, C. Pauly, S. Belogurov, C. Ugur, M. Traxler, I. Kres, J. Förtsch, C. Höhne, Vikram Patel, K.-H. Becker, Vladimir Samsonov, E. Lebedeva, M. Vznuzdaev, P. Kravtsov, L. Kochenda, S. Lebedev, J. Eschke, J. Adamczewski-Musch, O. P. Tarasenkova, C. Deveaux, Manuel Penschuck, N. Boldyreva, J. Bendarouach, A. Khanzadeev, S. Reinecke, E. V. Ovcharenko, K. H. Kampert, E. Roshchin, Michael Dürr, T. Mahmoud, W. Niebur, D. Pfeifer, S. Linev, J. Rautenberg, and E. Leonova

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Preamplifier, Detector, Wavelength shifter, Concentrator, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A 64-channel readout and data-acquisition module is described in detail. It consists of an H12700 multianode photomultiplier tube, four PADIWA preamplifier boards, and a TRB v3 card that perform the functions of a time-to-digital converter and a data concentrator. The software modules that are necessary for operation of the prototype are described. The inter-channel delays are calibrated. The drift of individual delays does not exceed 0.5 ns for the entire measurement time. The spectra of the “time over threshold” (ToT) are investigated. The influence of periodic noise pickups and the need to improve circuit designs are revealed. The timing properties of the wavelength shifter and its effect on the detection efficiency for Cherenkov rings are investigated. The most intense component is characterized by a decay time of 1.1 ns and there are components with characteristic times of 3.8 and 45 ns. The influence of single-electron spectrum features on the detection efficiency for photoelectrons and the probability of false hits are determined. The total time resolution of 131 channels is 1.1 ns (FWHM). The results make it possible to use the investigated system of readout and data acquisition in the CBM experiment. Nevertheless, the elimination of the revealed shortcomings will provide the efficiency margin and improve the reliability of the system during long-term operation.

Published
2018

4. The RICH detector of the CBM experiment

Author

J. Förtsch, P. Kravtsov, J. Eschke, K.-H. Becker, V. Schetinin, E. Lebedeva, J. Heep, V. Dobyrn, S. Belogurov, J. Kopfer, V. Patel, J. Adamczewski-Musch, C. Pauly, S. Lebedev, C. Ugur, E. Roshchin, Y. Riabov, I. Kres, L. Kochenda, K. H. Kampert, E. Vznuzdaev, O. Tarasenkova, V. Samsonov, S. Linev, Pavel Akishin, E. Ovcharenko, C. Deveaux, C. Höhne, J. Bendarouach, N. Miftakhov, T. Mahmoud, W. Niebur, M. Traxler, M. Vznuzdaev, E. Leonova, J. Michel, N. Boldyreva, S. Reinecke, Michael Dürr, J. Rautenberg, S. Querchfeld, and D. Pfeifer

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Cherenkov detector, Detector, Curved mirror, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electromagnetic shielding, Radiator (engine cooling), High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The CBM-RICH detector is designed to identify electrons with momenta up to 8 GeV/c and high purity as this is essential for the CBM physics program. The detector consist of a CO2-gaseous radiator, a spherical mirror system, and Multi-Anode PhotoMultiplier Tubes (MAPMT) of type H12700 from Hamamatsu as photon detectors. The detector concept was verified through R&D studies and a laterally scaled prototype. The results were summarized in a TDR, in which open issues were defined concerning the readout electronics, the shielding of the magnetic stray field in the MAPMT region, the radiation hardness of the MAPMT sensors, and the mechanical holding structure of the mirror system. In this article an overview is given on the CBM RICH development with focus on those open issues.

Published
2017

5. Event reconstruction for the CBM-RICH prototype beamtest data in 2014

Author

M. Vznuzdaev, K. H. Kampert, T. Mahmoud, J. Michel, J. Kopfer, E. Leonova, V. Schetinin, I. Kres, W. Niebur, O. Tarasenkova, P. Kravtsov, J. Eschke, C. Höhne, E. Ovcharenko, J. Förtsch, Y. Riabov, V. Dobyrn, N. Boldyreva, S. Lebedev, E. Vznuzdaev, V. Samsonov, S. Reinecke, L. Kochenda, C. Deveaux, J. Rautenberg, C. Pauly, D. Pfeifer, K.-H. Becker, E. Lebedeva, J. Heep, Pavel Akishin, S. Belogurov, C. Ugur, V. Patel, J. Adamczewski-Musch, S. Querchfeld, Michael Dürr, J. Bendarouach, N. Miftakhov, M. Traxler, S. Linev, and E. Roshchin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Data processing, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, 02 engineering and technology, Ellipse, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Hough transform, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Instrumentation, Algorithm, Cherenkov radiation, Event reconstruction
Abstract

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR facility will investigate the QCD phase diagram at high net baryon densities and moderate temperatures in A+A collisions from 2 to 11 AGeV (SIS100). Electron identification in CBM will be performed by a Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector and Transition Radiation Detectors (TRD). A real size prototype of the RICH detector was tested together with other CBM groups at the CERN PS/T9 beam line in 2014. For the first time the data format used the FLESnet protocol from CBM delivering free streaming data. The analysis was fully performed within the CBMROOT framework. In this contribution the data analysis and the event reconstruction methods which were used for obtained data are discussed. Rings were reconstructed using an algorithm based on the Hough Transform method and their parameters were derived with high accuracy by circle and ellipse fitting procedures. We present results of the application of the presented algorithms. In particular we compare results with and without Wavelength shifting (WLS) coating.

Published
2017

6. Tests of the CBM Rich readout and Daq prototype

Author

J. Kopfer, J. Heep, V. Samsonov, V. Schetinin, A. Khanzadeev, V. Dobyrn, S. Linev, T. Mahmoud, C. Pauly, S. Belogurov, S. Querchfeld, Y. Riabov, E. V. Ovcharenko, J. Eschke, E. Roshchin, I. Kres, Pavel Akishin, W. Niebur, J. Förtsch, O. Tarasenkova, M. Vznuzdaev, E. Leonova, M. Traxler, S. Lebedev, J. Rautenberg, Vikram Patel, K.-H. Becker, E. Lebedeva, J. Bendarouach, J. Adamczewski-Musch, K. H. Kampert, C. Deveaux, L. Kochenda, P. Kravtsov, N. Boldyreva, S. Reinecke, Michael Dürr, C. Ugur, J. Michel, C. Höhne, and D. Pfeifer

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Data acquisition, Component (UML), 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Heavy ion, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

The CBM RICH detector is an integral component of the future CBM experiment at FAIR, providing efficient electron identification and pion suppression necessary for the measurement of rare dileptonic probes in heavy ion collisions. An overview of the CBM RICH readout and DAQ system prototype is given, consisting of the PADIWA preamplifier-discriminator board, the TDC-HUB board TRBv3, and DAQ and analysis code in the CbmRoot framework. The laboratory setup built for studying the timing characteristics of the readout chain and the analysis results obtained using the laboratory measurements are presented. The fine time calibration and inter-channel delay correction techniques and their implementation and effect are discussed.

Published
2017

7. The CBM RICH project

Author

J. Adamczewski-Musch, P. Akishin, K.-H. Becker, S. Belogurov, J. Bendarouach, N. Boldyreva, A. Chernogorov, C. Deveaux, V. Dobyrn, M. Dürr, J. Eschke, J. Förtsch, J. Heep, C. Höhne, K.-H. Kampert, L. Kochenda, J. Kopfer, P. Kravtsov, I. Kres, S. Lebedev, E. Lebedeva, E. Leonova, S. Linev, T. Mahmoud, J. Michel, N. Miftakhov, W. Niebur, E. Ovcharenko, V. Patel, C. Pauly, D. Pfeifer, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, S. Reinecke, Y. Riabov, E. Roshchin, V. Samsonov, O. Tarasenkova, M. Traxler, C. Ugur, E. Vznuzdaev, and M. Vznuzdaev

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation
Published
2017

8. Development of the CBM RICH readout electronics and DAQ

Author

S. Querchfeld, V. Schetinin, C. Höhne, M. Vznuzdaev, O. Tarasenkova, J. Kopfer, J. Heep, S. Belogurov, Y. Riabov, K.-H. Becker, E. Lebedeva, S. Linev, E. Leonova, V. Samsonov, V. Patel, T. Mahmoud, J. Eschke, J. Adamczewski-Musch, J. Michel, M. Traxler, W. Niebur, E. Ovcharenko, K. H. Kampert, C. Deveaux, J. Bendarouach, Pavel Akishin, N. Miftakhov, S. Lebedev, E. Vznuzdaev, D. Pfeifer, P. Kravtsov, N. Boldyreva, S. Reinecke, L. Kochenda, Michael Dürr, C. Pauly, C. Ugur, E. Roshchin, V. Dobyrn, J. Rautenberg, J. Förtsch, and I. Kres

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Readout electronics, 01 natural sciences, Real size, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract

A real size prototype of the CBM RICH detector was tested in beam at CERN in November 2014 with new readout electronics. A detailed analysis of the timing characteristics of the readout chain will be presented in this article. Results of the time precision measurements for several subsets of all channels and the stability of the fine time calibration will be discussed. The obtained sub-nanosecond time precision allows also to investigate the effect on timing when using additional wavelength-shifting films on top of the MAPMT windows.

Published
2017

9. Single photon test bench for series tests of HAMAMATSU H12700 MAPMTs

Author

K. H. Kampert, J. Kopfer, M. Vznuzdaev, V. Schetinin, S. Lebedev, C. Höhne, J. Förtsch, K.-H. Becker, Pavel Akishin, P. Kravtsov, E. Lebedeva, S. Querchfeld, J. Heep, J. Eschke, E. Roshchin, S. Belogurov, V. Patel, J. Adamczewski-Musch, T. Mahmoud, V. Samsonov, E. Leonova, J. Rautenberg, V. Dobyrn, I. Kres, W. Niebur, C. Pauly, C. Deveaux, L. Kochenda, E. Ovcharenko, C. Ugur, M. Traxler, E. Vznuzdaev, S. Linev, Y. Riabov, D. Pfeifer, J. Bendarouach, N. Miftakhov, O. Tarasenkova, Michael Dürr, N. Boldyreva, S. Reinecke, and J. Michel

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Test bench, Photon, Series (mathematics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, Heavy ion, Instrumentation, Photon detection, Dense matter
Abstract

In 2015 1100 Multi-Anode Photo-Multipliers (MAPMTs) of type HAMAMATSU H12700 were ordered to equip the photon detection plane of the CBM-RICH and HADES-RICH detectors. Both experiments aim to study the properties of dense matter produced in heavy ion collisions. To measure the characteristics of all ordered MAPMTs and give feedback to the manufacturer, a test bench was built at the University of Wuppertal. This paper describes the working principle of the test bench and compiles the measurements of the first 400 H12700 MAPMTs delivered. The average characteristics of the H12700 gathered from these measurements are discussed and compared to measurements of the HAMAMATSU H8500.

Published
2017

10. Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Author

V. Jakovlev, R. Talukdar, Alberica Toia, V.M. Golovatyuk, P. Ivanov, Abhijit Bhattacharyya, M. Kohn, Yu. Onishchuk, M. Tanha, Suman Sau, E. Friske, L. Kumar, A. Roy, Valerica Baban, Yaping Wang, V. Blinov, D. Svirida, Pradip Kumar Sahu, D. Dementiev, A. Gomez Ramirez, M. Petris, Ming Shao, D. Blau, Yu. P. Tsyupa, A. Rost, D. P. Mahapatra, Y. F. Ryabov, D. Wielanek, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, Saikat Biswas, Shusu Shi, E. P. Akishina, F. Seck, V. Jain, Hongfang Chen, O. Malyatina, B. Komkov, I. Carevic, V. Baublis, Raghunath Sahoo, D. Normanov, Tetyana Galatyuk, S. Amar-Youcef, Cristian Andrei, Yu. I. Bocharov, A. Vorobiev, M. Strikhanov, Y. Leifels, O. Petukhov, A. Petrovici, Dezso Varga, Oana Ristea, W. Verhoeven, J. Sánchez Rosado, Victor Golovtsov, S. Belogurov, E. Kryshen, M. Dey, Johannes Lehrbach, Y. P. Viyogi, A. V. Kazantsev, A. Himmi, M. Anđelić, Oleg Bezshyyko, Cheng Li, A. Raportirenko, Xu Cai, C. Kreidl, Daniela Bartos, T. Balog, Volker Lindenstruth, A. Chaus, M. Mohisin Khan, Mate Csanad, J. Pluta, A. Senger, Matthias Balzer, Christoph Blume, H. Appelshäuser, Di Jiang, B. Kämpfer, A. Lymanets, I. Berceanu, S. Gorbunov, S. Sarangi, V. Pospíšil, N. Heine, A. Veshikov, Yuanjing Li, V. Kushpil, Ch. Klein-Bösing, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Razin, Guofeng Song, D. Belyakov, G. Berezin, V. Kyva, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, K. Schmidt, V. Klochkov, Alla Maevskaya, P.-A. Loizeau, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, V.A. Karnaukhov, J. Bendarouach, C. Xiang, A.D. Sheremetiev, V. F. Chepurnov, Hr Schmidt, Zbigniew Sosin, M. Singla, I. Momot, O. Andreeva, I. Alexandrov, R. N. Singaraju, S. Avdeev, Evgeny Alexandrov, R. Płaneta, Gennady Ososkov, D. Hutter, A. Reinefeld, C.J. Schmidt, Andrei Dorokhov, Vikram Patel, K.-H. Becker, N. Kurepin, E. Lebedeva, C. P. Singh, Y. K. Sun, K. Jaaskelainen, Andras Szabo, J. Rożynek, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, V. S. Negi, Krzysztof Piasecki, W. F. J. Müller, M. Baznat, N. Miftakhov, Feng Liu, N. Ahmad, L. Skoda, G. D. Kekelidze, Vladimir Ivanov, Krzysztof Kasinski, Xi-Wei Wang, D. Miskowiec, Serguei Volkov, Sudhir Raniwala, I. Tsakov, A. Nedosekin, Peter Senger, T. Barczyk, S. Dubnichka, C. Ristea, N.G. Tuturas, E. V. Atkin, D. Karmanov, W. Zabolotny, Tatiana Karavicheva, Subhasis Samanta, Yu.V. Zanevsky, S. Bähr, O. Batenkov, M. Petrovici, B. Milanovic, Muhammad Farooq, R. Karabowicz, I. Vassiliev, P. Staszel, Sheng Dong, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, P. Koczon, Goutam Gangopadhyay, P. Zumbruch, Vladimir Plujko, Y. Berdnikov, Shue He, Volodymyr Vovchenko, V. Mialkovski, W. Zipper, T. Bus, O. Tarassenkova, S. K. Sahu, V. Militsija, Yu. Zaitsev, C. Müntz, S. K. Ghosh, Sushanta Tripathy, E. Rostchin, V. Shumikhin, I. Fröhlich, I. Panasenko, A. Laso Garcia, L. Dutka, Yu.S. Anisimov, B. Linnik, T. Tischler, A. Ivashkin, R. Kotte, Calin Besliu, T. Akishina, Rashmi Raniwala, Sheng Zheng, K. Koch, J. Kunkel, A. Shabunov, E. Lobanova, Wojciech Kucewicz, T. Breitner, M. Al-Turany, R. P. Adak, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, S. Masciocchi, Zhongbao Yin, Xinjie Huang, Jens Wiechula, Nu Xu, I. Kisel, Christian Sturm, T. Mahmoud, V. Kalinin, A. Abuhoza, Mohd Danish Azmi, P. Zrelov, Jing Zhou, M. Dželalija, C. Deveaux, M. Goffe, Ke-Jun Wu, S. Strohauer, S. Bashir, D. Argintaru, B. Heß, A. Turowiecki, M. B. Golubeva, F. Ahmad, S. Gläßel, V. Plotnikov, Manuel Penschuck, Supriya Das, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Vladislav Manko, O. Vasylyev, D. Kresan, L. Kudin, Yu. V. Gusakov, Dongdong Hu, Vladimir Nikulin, M. Ivanov, D. Gottschalk, Karl-Heinz Kampert, A. Kolosova, G. Caragheorgheopol, K. Dey, K. Mikhailov, Anand Kumar Dubey, J. Scholten, S. P. D. Figuli, T. Blank, Ajit Kumar, Vladimir Peshekhonov, Igor Pshenichnov, E. Badura, Michael Deveaux, I. Rostovtseva, M. Kiš, Jürgen Becker, Evgeny Karpechev, B. W. Kolb, Valery Pugatch, Xiaofeng Luo, I. Som, E. Ovcharenko, F.F. Guber, H. Büsching, H. Cherif, N. R. Panda, Zubayer Ahammed, R. Najman, Fouad Rami, M. Gumiński, J. Pieper, Jerzy Gajda, G. 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Subjects
J/psi(3100), Phase transition, matter: interaction, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, hypernucleus, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Critical point (thermodynamics), transport theory, hadron: gas, Nuclear Experiment, neutron star, QCD matter, Brookhaven RHIC Coll, quark gluon: plasma, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, fireball, elliptic flow, strong interaction, Observable, heavy ion, CERN LHC Coll, QCD matter, Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP), QCD phase diagram, strong interaction, hadronic matter, partonic matte, heavy-ion, 2-4.9 GeV/nucleon, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, CBM, charmonium, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Strong interaction, review, nonperturbative, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], symmetry: chiral, quantum chromodynamics: critical phenomena, strangeness, 0103 physical sciences, density: high, Darmstadt GSI FAIR, structure, 010306 general physics, equation of state, quantum chromodynamics: matter, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, nucleus, temperature: high, baryon, Neutron star, Automatic Keywords, HADES, charm
Abstract

International audience; Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 ( $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials ( $\mu_B > 500$ MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.

Published
2017

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