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We have probed directly the temperature and magnetic field dependence of pinned uncompensated magnetization at the interface of antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ with Cu, using ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Cu}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Co}$ spin valves. Electrons polarized by the Co layer are scattered by the pinned uncompensated moments at the ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Cu}$ interface giving rise to giant magnetoresistance. We determined the direction and magnitude of the pinned uncompensated magnetization at different magnetic fields and temperatures using the angular dependencies of resistance. The strong ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ anisotropy pins the uncompensated magnetization along the easy axis independent of the cooling field orientation. Most interestingly, magnetic fields as high as 90 kOe cannot break the pinning at the ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Cu}$ interface. This proves that the pinned interfacial magnetization is strongly coupled to the antiferromagnetic order inside the bulk ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ layer. Studies as a function of ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}$ crystalline orientation show that uncompensated spins are only detected in a spin valve with (110) crystal orientation, but not in valves containing ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}(100)$ and ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}(001)$. This observation is in agreement with symmetry-related considerations which predict the equilibrium boundary magnetization for the ${\mathrm{FeF}}_{2}(110)$ layer.

Many correlated systems feature an insulator-to-metal transition that can be triggered by an electric field. Although it is known that metallization takes place through filament formation, the details of how this process initiates and evolves remain elusive. We use in-operando optical reflectivity to capture the growth dynamics of the metallic phase with space and time resolution. We demonstrate that filament formation is triggered by nucleation at hotspots, with a subsequent expansion over several decades in time. By comparing three case studies (VO2, V3O5, and V2O3), we identify the resistivity change across the transition as the crucial parameter governing this process. Our results provide a spatiotemporal characterization of volatile resistive switching in Mott insulators, which is important for emerging technologies, such as optoelectronics and neuromorphic computing.

Using a combination of magnetometry and magnetotransport techniques, we studied temperature and magnetic field behavior of magnetization in Py/Gd heterostructures. It was shown quantitatively that proximity with Py enhances magnetic order of Gd. Micromagnetic simulations demonstrate that a spin-flop transition observed in a Py/Gd bilayer is due to exchange-spring rotation of magnetization in the Gd layer. Transport measurements show that the magnetoresistance of a [Py(2 nm)/Gd(2 nm)]25 multilayer changes sign at the compensation temperature and below 20 K. The positive magnetoresistance above the compensation temperature can be attributed to an in-plane domain-wall, which appears because of the structural inhomogeneity of the film over its thickness. By measuring the angular dependence of resistance we are able to determine the angle between magnetizations in the multilayer and the magnetic field at different temperatures. The measurement reveals that due to a change of the chemical thickness profile, a non-collinear magnetization configuration is only stable in magnetic fields above 10 kOe., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures

We report the microwave response of symmetric and asymmetric threefold clusters with nearly contacting segments that can serve as the node in a Kagome artificial spin ice lattice. The structures are patterned on a coplanar waveguide and consist of elongated and nearly-contacting ellipses with uniform thickness. Branches of the ferromagnetic resonance spectra display mode softening that correlates well with the calculations, whereas agreement between the measured and simulated static magnetization is more qualitative.

In planar structures, the vortex resonance frequency changes little as a function of an in-plane magnetic field as long as the vortex state persists. Altering the topography of the element leads to a vastly different dynamic response that arises due to the local vortex core confinement effect. In this work, we studied the magnetic excitations in non-planar ferromagnetic dots using a broadband microwave spectroscopy technique. Two distinct resonance frequency ranges were observed depending on the position of the vortex core controllable by applying a relatively small magnetic field. The micromagnetic simulations are in qualitative agreement with the. experimental results.

The topological nature of magnetic-vortex state gives rise to peculiar magnetization reversal observed in magnetic microdisks. Interestingly, magnetostatic and exchange energies which drive this reversal can be effectively controlled in artificial ferrimagnet heterostructures composed of rare-earth and transition metals. 25x[Py(t)/Gd(t)] (t=1 or 2 nm) superlattices demonstrate a pronounced change of the magnetization and exchange stiffness in a 10-300 K temperature range as well as very small magnetic anisotropy. Due to these properties, the magnetization of cylindrical microdisks composed of these artificial ferrimagnets can be transformed from the vortex to uniformly-magnetized states in a permanent magnetic field by changing the temperature. We explored the behavior of magnetization in 1.5-micrometer 25x[Py(t)/Gd(t)] (t=1 or 2 nm) disks at different temperatures and magnetic fields and observed that due to the energy barrier separating vortex and uniformly-magnetized states, the vortex nucleation and annihilation occur at different temperatures. This causes the temperature dependences of the Py/Gd disks magnetization to demonstrate unique hysteretic behavior in a narrow temperature range. It was discovered that for the 25x[Py(2 nm)/Gd(2 nm)] microdisks the vortex can be metastable at a certain temperature range.

To control the angle between magnetizations in two adjacent ferromagnetic layers without using a rotator, a novel spin valve was designed and fabricated. A key element of the design is a replacement of a pinned ferromagnetic layer by a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF). The predefined non-collinear magnetization configurations are produced by cooling the valve in different magnetic fields. Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) measurements allowed mapping of the angle between the magnetizations in the SAF and the free layer depending on the magnitude of the cooling field.

The vortex translational mode frequency is known to be only weakly dependent on the magnitude of an in-plane magnetic field (e.g. the vortex core position) for circular ferromagnetic dots. Here we demonstrated that the frequency-field dependence becomes discrete when a nanoscale vortex barrier is introduced in the dot structure. We found that the frequency is mostly defined by the outer diameter of the dot or the barrier size for the vortex core located outside or inside the barrier, correspondingly. The experimental results are in good agreement with the micromagnetic simulation.