Author: "Nina Lanza" / Topic: 0103 physical sciences - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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22 results on '"Nina Lanza"'

1. Mars Extant Life: What's Next? Conference Report

Author: Z. E. Gallegos, Rachel Mackelprang, Diana E. Northup, David Beaty, M. A. Nellessen, Vlada Stamenkovic, Paul R. Mahaffy, M. Hoffman, Nina Lanza, Shiladitya DasSarma, J. G. Blank, Patrick J. Gasda, Jie Xu, M. A. Meyer, B. R. W. O'Connor, Brian D. Wade, H. H. Bolivar Torres, C. J. Walker, Priya DasSarma, Aaron E. Engelhart, D. Viola, Zachary Garvin, Corien Bakermans, Larry Matthies, M. S. Bell, J. A. Torres Celis, Carol R. Stoker, Scott Perl, Kennda Lynch, Mark A. Schneegurt, Richard C. Quinn, Boris Sauterey, Laura Rowe, H. D. Smith, A. H. D. Koeppel, Amy J. Williams, Kevin D. Webster, J. L. Eigenbrode, L. A. Scuderi, Luoth Chou, Roger C. Wiens, P. Boston, Petra Schwendner, B. C. Clark, J. M. Williams, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Rachel L. Harris, Thomas L. Kieft, J. H. Green, Andrew C. Schuerger, R. Bruner, P. A. Lee, J. D. Tarnas, Bonnie K. Baxter, Xiang Li, David J. Des Marais, Natalie Grefenstette, S. A. Benner, Horton E. Newsom, and Michael N. Spilde
Subjects: History, Life in extreme environments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Library science, Mars Exploration Program, Mars extant life, Astrobiology, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Extant taxon, Space and Planetary Science, Publishing, Life detection, 0103 physical sciences, Biosignatures, News & Views, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: On November 5–8, 2019, the “Mars Extant Life: What's Next?” conference was convened in Carlsbad, New Mexico. The conference gathered a community of actively publishing experts in disciplines related to habitability and astrobiology. Primary conclusions are as follows: A significant subset of conference attendees concluded that there is a realistic possibility that Mars hosts indigenous microbial life. A powerful theme that permeated the conference is that the key to the search for martian extant life lies in identifying and exploring refugia (“oases”), where conditions are either permanently or episodically significantly more hospitable than average. Based on our existing knowledge of Mars, conference participants highlighted four potential martian refugium (not listed in priority order): Caves, Deep Subsurface, Ices, and Salts. The conference group did not attempt to reach a consensus prioritization of these candidate environments, but instead felt that a defensible prioritization would require a future competitive process. Within the context of these candidate environments, we identified a variety of geological search strategies that could narrow the search space. Additionally, we summarized a number of measurement techniques that could be used to detect evidence of extant life (if present). Again, it was not within the scope of the conference to prioritize these measurement techniques—that is best left for the competitive process. We specifically note that the number and sensitivity of detection methods that could be implemented if samples were returned to Earth greatly exceed the methodologies that could be used at Mars. Finally, important lessons to guide extant life search processes can be derived both from experiments carried out in terrestrial laboratories and analog field sites and from theoretical modeling.
Published: 2020

2. Quantification of manganese for ChemCam Mars and laboratory spectra using a multivariate model

Author: Dorothea Delapp, Ann Ollila, Olivier Gasnault, Jens Frydenvang, Agnes Cousin, Nina Lanza, A. Reyes-Newell, Patrick J. Gasda, S. N. Lamm, Sylvestre Maurice, Roberta Ann Beal, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Ryan B. Anderson, Olivier Forni, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Detection limit, Multivariate statistics, Materials science, Mean squared error, 010401 analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Standard deviation, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Partial least squares regression, Calibration, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We report a new calibration model for manganese using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument that is part of the ChemCam instrument suite onboard the NASA Curiosity rover. The model has been trained using an expanded set of 523 manganese-bearing rock, mineral, metal ore, and synthetic standards. The optimal calibration model uses the Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) multivariate techniques, with a novel “double blending” technique. We determined the detection limit for manganese is 82 ppm using a method blank procedure and is possibly as low as 27 ppm based on visual inspection of the spectra. Based on a representative test set consisting of measurements on 93 standards, the double blended multivariate model shows a Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction (RMSEP) accuracy of 1.39 wt% MnO for the full blended model. Employing a local RMSEP estimate where the model performance is evaluated based on nearby test samples, the accuracy is 0.03 wt% at the quantification limit (0.05 wt% MnO), 0.4 wt% accuracy at 1.0 wt% MnO, and 4.4 wt% accuracy at 100 wt% MnO. Precision is estimated using the standard deviation of the test set measurements, and is ±0.01 wt% MnO at the quantification limit, ±0.09 wt% MnO at 1.0 wt% MnO, and ± 2.1 wt% MnO at 100 wt% MnO (all 1 standard deviation). This new calibration is important for understanding the variation of manganese in the bedrock with the Curiosity rover on Mars, which provides insight into past redox conditions on Mars.
Published: 2021

3. Investigating the role of anhydrous oxidative weathering on sedimentary rocks in the Transantarctic Mountains and implications for the modern weathering of sedimentary lithologies on Mars

Author: K. Truitt, N. Mangold, Mark R. Salvatore, Nina Lanza, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Erwin Dehouck, Elizabeth B. Rampe, K. Roszell, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Martian, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lithology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Geochemistry, Stratigraphic unit, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Weathering, Mars Exploration Program, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Igneous rock, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Martian surface, 0103 physical sciences, Sedimentary rock, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Alteration of the uppermost surfaces of geologic materials is a pervasive process on planetary surfaces that is dependent upon factors including parent composition and the environment under which alteration is occurring. While rapid and pervasive in hot and humid climates on Earth, chemical weathering of rock surfaces has also been found to dominate in some of Earth's coldest and driest landscapes as well. Specifically, surfaces dominated by resistant fine-grained igneous rocks in the Antarctic preserve evidence of oxidative weathering processes, which represent the initial immature surface alteration processes that stagnate due to the lack of available water and kinetics necessary for the production of more mature alteration phases. In this study, we test the hypothesis that oxidative weathering also dominates the surfaces of sedimentary rocks throughout the Antarctic. We investigated the chemistry and mineralogy of a suite of sedimentary rocks from the Transantarctic Mountains ranging from fine-grained tuffs to coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates. Our results show that, like the previously studied fine-grained igneous rocks in the Antarctic, sedimentary rocks generally showed only minor chemical weathering signatures at their surfaces relative to their interiors. However, unlike the igneous rocks in this earlier study, the sedimentary rocks exhibited a wide variety of non-systematic differences between surface and interior compositions. This variability of surface weathering signatures is equally as complex as the physical properties and compositions inherently present within these different sedimentary lithologies. Based on these analyses, it is apparent that oxidative weathering products do not dominate the surfaces of sedimentary rocks throughout the Transantarctic Mountains, which instead exhibit a wide array of weathering signatures that are likely dependent on both lithological and environmental factors. Considering that sedimentary lithologies are widespread across a significant fraction of the martian surface, our results suggest that observed alteration signatures limited to the surfaces of martian sedimentary rocks are most likely to be minor and to vary as a result of the lithological properties of the specific rock unit and not as a result of the widespread influences of the modern cold and dry climatic conditions.
Published: 2019

4. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author: I. Torre-Fdez, V. Gharakanian, E. Cordoba, Jérôme Parisot, R. Perez, Amaury Fau, Peter Willis, Ruth A. Anderson, Pablo Sobron, K. W. Wong, A. Debus, Julien Mekki, Noureddine Melikechi, K. Mathieu, S. Gauffre, M. Toplis, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Alexandre Cadu, Francois Poulet, B. Quertier, Horton E. Newsom, H. Seran, C. Quantin-Nataf, W. D’anna, Jens Frydenvang, Frédéric Chapron, Pierre Beck, Jean-François Mariscal, B. Chide, Y. André, Y. Michel, G. Orttner, N. Toulemont, A. Dufour, Briana Lucero, Olivier Gilard, Marion Bonafous, D. Pheav, Q.-M. Lee, D. Standarovsky, Franck Montmessin, R. Gonzalez, S. Le Mouélic, Cedric Virmontois, L. Roucayrol, I. Gontijo, M. Deleuze, L. Parès, L. Oudda, Y. Micheau, F. Manni, Bruno Dubois, Bruno Bousquet, G. de los Santos, D. M. Delapp, Guillermo Lopez-Reyes, L. Picot, Clément Royer, E. Clave, Richard Leveille, Erwin Dehouck, Gaetan Lacombe, J. Javier Laserna, Olivier Beyssac, P. Romano, Y. Daydou, Scott M. McLennan, John Michel, V. Sridhar, Driss Kouach, Gabriel Pont, M. Dupieux, Michel Gauthier, Jean-Michel Reess, J. Moros, J.-C. Dameury, T. Fouchet, Ann Ollila, Sophie Jacquinod, P. Y. Meslin, M. Egan, Juan Manuel Madariaga, Karim Benzerara, G. Hervet, Gilles Montagnac, Woodward W. Fischer, Olivier Gasnault, T. Nelson, Stanley M. Angel, Lauren DeFlores, Violaine Sautter, Marco Veneranda, C. Leyrat, Olivier Humeau, Y. Morizet, Jose Antonio Manrique, M. Sodki, P. Pilleri, C. Velasco, Naomi Murdoch, M. J. Schoppers, S. A. Storms, Sylvestre Maurice, Benigno Sandoval, Cedric Pilorget, N. Striebig, S. Robinson, V. Mousset, David Mimoun, Morten Madsen, M. Heim, A. Doressoundiram, Christophe Montaron, Eric Lewin, Patrick Pinet, C. Donny, Susanne Schröder, Agnès Cousin, Sadok Abbaki, John P. Grotzinger, Claude Collin, Xavier Jacob, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Cécile Fabre, K. McCabe, C. Legett, J. P. Berthias, Shiv K. Sharma, Timothy H. McConnochie, A. Sournac, Ralph D. Lorenz, M. Viso, Yann Parot, N. Mangold, W. Rapin, Jérémie Lasue, Gorka Arana, Joan Ervin, E. Le Comte, N. Nguyen Tuong, P. Cais, Olivier Forni, D. Rambaud, T. Battault, D. Venhaus, Anupam K. Misra, K. Clark, M. Tatat, Laurent Lapauw, P. Bernardi, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Nina Lanza, Sylvain Bernard, Soren N. Madsen, Kepa Castro, M. Boutillier, Raymond Newell, D. Granena, Y. Hello, Fernando Rull, M. Ruellan, R. Mathon, Edward A. Cloutis, Gilles Dromart, L. Le Deit, Rafik Hassen-Khodja, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Winnipeg, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), PLANETO - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique - Angers (LPG-ANGERS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), SETI Institute, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Rocks, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Mars, Context (language use), Perseverance, Imaging on Mars, Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, 01 natural sciences, SuperCam Instrument, Unit (housing), Mast (sailing), Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, imaging on Mars, Microphone on Mars, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Rover, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], infrared spectroscopy, Raman, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Infrared spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], M2020, LIBS, Payload, Suite, Mars2020, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Mars Exploration Program, microphone on Mars, Planetary science, SuperCam, Space and Planetary Science, Raman spectroscopy, Systems engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Mars 2020 PERSEVERANCE rover
Abstract: On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2-7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam's science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data. In France was provided by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Human resources were provided in part by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and universities. Funding was provided in the US by NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Some funding of data analyses at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was provided by laboratory-directed research and development funds.
Published: 2021

5. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author: Francois Poulet, Nina Lanza, John Michel, Kerry Boyd, Valerie Mousset, Fernando Rull, Anupam K. Misra, Horton E. Newsom, Magdalena Dale, Richard Leveille, Sylvain Bernard, Karim Benzerara, Logan Ott, Timothy H. McConnochie, M. George Duran, Jonathan Deming, C. Glen Peterson, Jorden Celis, Juan Manuel Madariaga, Anthony Nelson, Elizabeth C. Auden, Violaine Sautter, Paolo Pilleri, Naomi Murdoch, Susanne Schröder, Joseph H. Sarrao, Miles Egan, Bruno Dubois, Ann Ollila, Roberta A. Klisiewicz, M. Deleuze, K. McCabe, Ryan B. Anderson, Kevin Clark, Noureddine Melikechi, Jens Frydenvang, Matthew R. Dirmyer, A. Regan, Pierre Beck, Olivier Forni, A. Reyes-Newell, David Mimoun, Lauren DeFlores, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Nicolas Mangold, Eric Lorigny, Denine Gasway, John P. Grotzinger, M. Caffrey, Shiv K. Sharma, J. Javier Laserna, Olivier Gasnault, Steven P. Love, Eric Lewin, Sophie Jacquinod, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Dorothea Delapp, Soren N. Madsen, James Lake, Kepa Castro, Joan Ervin, Olivier Beyssac, C. Donny, Yann Parot, J. P. Martinez, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Gabriel Pont, Jean-Michel Reess, L. Parès, P. Bernardi, D. Venhaus, Guillermo Lopez-Reyes, Benjamin Quertier, Gorka Arana, Morten Madsen, Ivair Gontijo, Ralph D. Lorenz, Philip J. Romano, Ian A. Trettel, S. Michael Angel, Gilles Montagnac, Joseph Becker, Vishnu Sridhar, Rafal Pawluczyk, Jérémie Lasue, P. Cais, William Rapin, Jose Antonio Manrique, Xavier Jacob, Clement Royer, Jacob Valdez, I. Torre-Fdez, Amaury Fau, Peter Willis, Louis Borges, Cheryl Provost, Elizabeth C. Cordoba, M. L. Underwood, Justin McGlown, Daniel Seitz, S. A. Storms, Briana Lucero, Heather Quinn, Thierry Fouchet, Raymond Newell, Cécile Fabre, B. Chide, Y. André, Jeffrey Carlson, Roger C. Wiens, Scott M. McLennan, Woodward W. Fischer, Benigno Sandoval, S. Robinson, Patrick Pinet, Samuel M. Clegg, Agnes Cousin, Sylvestre Maurice, Edward A. Cloutis, Gilles Dromart, Franck Montmessin, C. Legett, Andres Valdez, Bruno Bousquet, Reuben Fresquez, Terra Shepherd, Zachary R. Ousnamer, Pablo Sobron, M. Toplis, Marcel J. Schoppers, Jesús Martínez-Frías, D. T. Beckman, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), University of Winnipeg, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, State University of New York (SUNY), University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), FiberTech Optica (FTO), Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), SETI Institute, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique - Angers (LPG-ANGERS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mars, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Jezero crater, Optics, ChemCam instrument, law, Microphone on Mars, 0103 physical sciences, SuperCam, planetary exploration, luminescence, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Perseverance rover, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Infrared spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, laboratory curiosity rover, remote Raman system, LIBS, Spectrometer, business.industry, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Gale crater, Laser, induced breakdown spectroscopy, Wavelength, in-situ, mission, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Raman spectroscopy, symbols, business
Abstract: The SuperCam instrument suite provides the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam's body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245-340 and 385-465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535-853 nm ( 105 - 7070 cm − 1 Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12 cm − 1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool the detectors during operations on Mars. Results obtained with the integrated instrument demonstrate its capabilities for LIBS, for which a library of 332 standards was developed. Examples of Raman and VISIR spectroscopy are shown, demonstrating clear mineral identification with both techniques. Luminescence spectra demonstrate the utility of having both spectral and temporal dimensions. Finally, RMI and microphone tests on the rover demonstrate the capabilities of these subsystems as well., Proyecto MINECO Retos de la Sociedad. Ref. ESP2017-87690-C3-1-R
Published: 2021

6. Origin and composition of three heterolithic boulder- and cobble-bearing deposits overlying the Murray and Stimson formations, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Frances Rivera-Hernandez, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Horton E. Newsom, Olivier Forni, Lucy M. Thompson, Jens Frydenvang, William E. Dietrich, Valerie Payre, Patrick J. Gasda, Kathryn M. Stack, Ashwin R. Vasavada, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Olivier Gasnault, Nina Lanza, Sylvestre Maurice, Candice Bedford, Nicolas Mangold, Alexander B. Bryk, Alberto G. Fairén, Agnes Cousin, Kenneth S. Edgett, Ann Ollila, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Rice University [Houston], Dartmouth College [Hanover], Payre, V. [0000-0002-7052-0795], Frydenvang, J. [0000-0001-9294-1227], Johnson, J. [0000-0002-5586-4901], Gasnault, O. [0000-0002-6979-9012], Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), European Research Council (ERC), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cobble, Outcrop, Curiosity rover, Geochemistry, Stratigraphic unit, Fluvial, 01 natural sciences, Article, Butte, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Impact crater, Greenheugh pediment, 0103 physical sciences, Heterolithic unit, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Lithification, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 15. Life on land, Gale crater, Stimson formation, Murray formation, Space and Planetary Science, Clastic rock, Geology
Abstract: Heterolithic, boulder-containing, pebble-strewn surfaces occur along the lower slopes of Aeolis Mons (“Mt. Sharp”) in Gale crater, Mars. They were observed in HiRISE images acquired from orbit prior to the landing of the Curiosity rover. The rover was used to investigate three of these units named Blackfoot, Brandberg, and Bimbe between sols 1099 and 1410. These unconsolidated units overlie the lower Murray formation that forms the base of Mt. Sharp, and consist of pebbles, cobbles and boulders. Blackfoot also overlies portions of the Stimson formation, which consists of eolian sandstone that is understood to significantly postdate the dominantly lacustrine deposition of the Murray formation. Blackfoot is elliptical in shape (62 × 26 m), while Brandberg is nearly circular (50 × 55 m), and Bimbe is irregular in shape, covering about ten times the area of the other two. The largest boulders are 1.5–2.5 m in size and are interpreted to be sandstones. As seen from orbit, some boulders are light-toned and others are dark-toned. Rover-based observations show that both have the same gray appearance from the ground and their apparently different albedos in orbital observations result from relatively flat sky-facing surfaces. Chemical observations show that two clasts of fine sandstone at Bimbe have similar compositions and morphologies to nine ChemCam targets observed early in the mission, near Yellowknife Bay, including the Bathurst Inlet outcrop, and to at least one target (Pyramid Hills, Sol 692) and possibly a cap rock unit just north of Hidden Valley, locations that are several kilometers apart in distance and tens of meters in elevation. These findings may suggest the earlier existence of draping strata, like the Stimson formation, that would have overlain the current surface from Bimbe to Yellowknife Bay. Compositionally these extinct strata could be related to the Siccar Point group to which the Stimson formation belongs. Dark, massive sandstone blocks at Bimbe are chemically distinct from blocks of similar morphology at Bradbury Rise, except for a single float block, Oscar (Sol 516). Conglomerates observed along a low, sinuous ridge at Bimbe consist of matrix and clasts with compositions similar to the Stimson formation, suggesting that stream beds likely existed nearly contemporaneously with the dunes that eventually formed the Stimson formation, or that they had the same source material. In either case, they represent a later pulse of fluvial activity relative to the lakes associated with the Murray formation. These three units may be local remnants of infilled impact craters (especially circular-shaped Brandberg), decayed buttes, patches of unconsolidated fluvial deposits, or residual mass-movement debris. Their incorporation of Stimson and Murray rocks, the lack of lithification, and appearance of being erosional remnants suggest that they record erosion and deposition events that post-date the exposure of the Stimson formation., With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)
Published: 2020

7. Manganese oxides in Martian meteorites Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 and 7533

Author: Vitali B. Prakapenka, Woodward W. Fischer, Carl B. Agee, Usha F. Lingappa, Samuel M. Webb, Chi Ma, John R. Beckett, Yang Liu, Yunbin Guan, Nina Lanza, and Oliver Tschauner
Subjects: Basalt, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Noachian, Geochemistry, Quartz monzonite, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Breccia, Hesperian, Sedimentary rock, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Lithification, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We report the discovery of indigenous Mn-oxides in Martian regolith breccias Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 and 7533. These Mn-oxides occur in Mn-rich regions as nanocrystals mixed with silicates, FeOOH, and possible phosphates. The Mn-rich regions contain up to 34 wt% Mn and typically display large chemical gradients on the scale of 10–20 μm. The Martian origin of Mn-oxides was established by the presence of Mn-rich glass (4.8–5.6 wt% Mn) in the fusion crust that crosscuts a Mn-oxides-bearing monzonite clast and by the absence of Mn-oxides on the environmentally exposed surfaces (exterior and fractures) of the meteorites. Manganese K-edge X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of the Mn-rich glass in the fusion crust indicated that this glass included high-valent Mn species. Synchrotron micro-X-ray diffraction of a Mn-rich region in a basalt clast and XAS of Mn-rich regions in three monzonite clasts indicate Mn-oxides in these regions are dominantly hollandite-structured with 67–85 mol% of the total Mn being Mn4+. The fact that Mn-rich regions are present in diverse petrological associations but are absent in the matrix of the breccias indicates that the Mn-oxides formed through surface alteration prior to the final brecciation event that assembled NWA 7034 and 7533. Thus, the age of the Mn-oxides is older than the lithification age (arguably 1.35 Ga) of NWA 7034 and 7533. Together with findings of Mn-rich phases within Noachian and Hesperian sedimentary strata in Endeavour and Gale craters, our results suggest that Mn-oxides are a common weathering product on Mars, suggesting aqueous environment on the Martian surface with high redox potential.
Published: 2021

8. Origin of Life on Mars: Suitability and Opportunities

Author: Scott VanBommel, Horton E. Newsom, Christopher H. House, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Patrick J. Gasda, Andrew Steele, Benton C. Clark, Nina Lanza, and Vera M. Kolb
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, astrobiology, Mars, sample return, 01 natural sciences, Article, origin of life, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Astrobiology, Abiogenesis, 0103 physical sciences, transition elements, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, early Earth, Martian, Habitability, prebiotic chemical evolution, Paleontology, Mars Exploration Program, Early Earth, Exoplanet, exoplanets, Space and Planetary Science, CHNOPS, Environmental science, Earth (chemistry), Energy source
Abstract: Although the habitability of early Mars is now well established, its suitability for conditions favorable to an independent origin of life (OoL) has been less certain. With continued exploration, evidence has mounted for a widespread diversity of physical and chemical conditions on Mars that mimic those variously hypothesized as settings in which life first arose on Earth. Mars has also provided water, energy sources, CHNOPS elements, critical catalytic transition metal elements, as well as B, Mg, Ca, Na and K, all of which are elements associated with life as we know it. With its highly favorable sulfur abundance and land/ocean ratio, early wet Mars remains a prime candidate for its own OoL, in many respects superior to Earth. The relatively well-preserved ancient surface of planet Mars helps inform the range of possible analogous conditions during the now-obliterated history of early Earth. Continued exploration of Mars also contributes to the understanding of the opportunities for settings enabling an OoL on exoplanets. Favoring geochemical sediment samples for eventual return to Earth will enhance assessments of the likelihood of a Martian OoL.
Published: 2021

9. In situ detection of boron by ChemCam on Mars

Author: Nina Lanza, William Rapin, Rhonda E. McInroy, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Ethan B. Haldeman, Benton C. Clark, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Patrick J. Gasda, Thomas F. Bristow, Jens Frydenvang, D. M. Delapp, John Bridges, Veronica L. Sanford, Sylvestre Maurice, and Madeleine R. Bodine
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporite, Bedrock, chemistry.chemical_element, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Diagenesis, Geophysics, chemistry, Abiogenesis, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Boron, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, Groundwater, Earth (classical element), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We report the first in situ detection of boron on Mars. Boron has been detected in Gale crater at levels
Published: 2017

10. Diagenetic silica enrichment and late-stage groundwater activity in Gale crater, Mars

Author: Violaine Sautter, N. Mangold, Horton E. Newsom, Insoo Jun, Fred Calef, Candice Bedford, P. Edwards, William Rapin, R. Gellert, Kenneth S. Edgett, David T. Vaniman, Lucy M. Thompson, P. Y. Meslin, J. A. Watkins, Martin R. Fisk, Ryan B. Anderson, John Bridges, Melissa S. Rice, John P. Grotzinger, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Ralph E. Milliken, Nina Lanza, Patrick J. Gasda, Kjartan M. Kinch, Dawn Y. Sumner, B. C. Clark, Nathaniel Stein, David F. Blake, Morten Madsen, Sanjeev Gupta, Agnès Cousin, Ashwin R. Vasavada, Joel A. Hurowitz, I. G. Mitrofanov, Sylvestre Maurice, Jens Frydenvang, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Valerie Payre, Abigail A. Fraeman, Susanne P. Schwenzer, and J. Van Beek
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, Bedrock, Geochemistry, Mars Exploration Program, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Deposition (geology), Diagenesis, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Aeolian processes, Sedimentary rock, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Diagenetic silica enrichment in fracture-associated halos that crosscut lacustrine and unconformably overlying aeolian sedimentary bedrock is observed on the lower north slope of Aeolis Mons in Gale crater, Mars. The diagenetic silica enrichment is colocated with detrital silica enrichment observed in the lacustrine bedrock yet extends into a considerably younger, unconformably draping aeolian sandstone, implying that diagenetic silica enrichment postdates the detrital silica enrichment. A causal connection between the detrital and diagenetic silica enrichment implies that water was present in the subsurface of Gale crater long after deposition of the lacustrine sediments and that it mobilized detrital amorphous silica and precipitated it along fractures in the overlying bedrock. Although absolute timing is uncertain, the observed diagenesis likely represents some of the most recent groundwater activity in Gale crater and suggests that the timescale of potential habitability extended considerably beyond the time that the lacustrine sediments of Aeolis Mons were deposited.
Published: 2017

11. Alkali trace elements in Gale crater, Mars, with ChemCam: Calibration update and geological implications

Author: Ann Ollila, Jérémie Lasue, Marion Nachon, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, N. Mangold, Nina Lanza, Agnes Cousin, L. Le Deit, Violaine Sautter, P. Y. Meslin, Sylvestre Maurice, Valerie Payre, Cécile Fabre, and W. Rapin
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Calibration (statistics), Gale crater, Mineralogy, Weathering, Mars Exploration Program, Alkali metal, 01 natural sciences, Trace (semiology), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Igneous differentiation, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 2017

12. Geologic overview of the Mars Science Laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley, Gale crater, Mars

Author: Sanjeev Gupta, Laetitia Le Deit, Lauren A. Edgar, Ashwin R. Vasavada, Josh Williams, John P. Grotzinger, Melissa S. Rice, Jérémie Lasue, Fred Calef, A. H. Treiman, Nina Lanza, Kathryn M. Stack, Kirsten L. Siebach, and Roger C. Wiens
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, Noachian, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Hesperian, Sedimentary rock, Sequence stratigraphy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Alkali feldspar, Protolith, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover completed a detailed investigation at the Kimberley waypoint within Gale crater from sols 571-634 using its full science instrument payload. From orbital images examined early in the Curiosity mission, the Kimberley region had been identified as a high-priority science target based on its clear stratigraphic relationships in a layered sedimentary sequence that had been exposed by differential erosion. Observations of the stratigraphic sequence at the Kimberley made by Curiosity are consistent with deposition in a prograding, fluvio-deltaic system during the late Noachian to early Hesperian, prior to the existence of most of Mt. Sharp. Geochemical and mineralogic analyses suggest that sediment deposition likely took place under cold conditions with relatively low water-to-rock ratios. Based on elevated K_2O abundances throughout the Kimberley formation, an alkali feldspar protolith is likely one of several igneous sources from which the sediments were derived. After deposition, the rocks underwent multiple episodes of diagenetic alteration with different aqueous chemistries and redox conditions, as evidenced by the presence of Ca-sulfate veins, Mn-oxide fracture-fills, and erosion-resistant nodules. More recently, the Kimberley has been subject to significant aeolian abrasion and removal of sediments to create modern topography that slopes away from Mt. Sharp, a process that has continued to the present day.
Published: 2017

13. Copper enrichments in the Kimberley formation in Gale crater, Mars: Evidence for a Cu deposit at the source

Author: Walter Goetz, Marion Nachon, Jérémie Lasue, Laetitia Le Deit, William Rapin, Agnès Cousin, Pierre-Yves Meslin, B. C. Clark, Olivier Gasnault, Cécile Fabre, Nina Lanza, Olivier Forni, Sylvestre Maurice, Roger C. Wiens, Violaine Sautter, Nicolas Mangold, Valerie Payre, Rice University [Houston], GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), and ANR-16-CE31-0012,MARS-PRIME,Environnement Primitif de Mars(2016)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fracture (mineralogy), Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Porphyry copper deposit, Hydrothermal alteration, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Impact crater, Kimberley, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Gale crater, Copper, Igneous rock, chemistry, Copper deposit, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ChemCam, Sedimentary rock, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Copper quantification with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using a univariate calibration model enables the ChemCam instrument onboard the Curiosity rover to measure unusually elevated Cu concentrations in potassic sandstones and Mn-oxide-bearing fracture fills in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. Mostly, the copper phases occurring in sedimentary bedrock are associated with detrital silicates, including feldspars, pyroxenes and K-phyllosilicates, likely coming from a potassic igneous source near the northern crater rim, while those present in the fractures are likely adsorbed on the surface of manganese oxides. These two different mineralogical associations imply at least two distinct processes: Cu enrichment in bedrock at the source, likely during crystallization of the igneous silicates, and adsorption of Cu on Mn-oxides precipitated from groundwater that encountered oxidizing conditions within fractures in the bedrock. The potassic sediments enriched in copper may be evidence of a porphyry copper deposit or an impact-induced hydrothermal deposit in the source region.
Published: 2019

14. Deep spectral CNN for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Author: Ann Ollila, Carey Legget, Nina Lanza, Diane Oyen, and Juan Castorena
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, 010302 applied physics, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer science, business.industry, Deep learning, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pattern recognition, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Machine Learning (cs.LG), 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Mars rover, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Artificial intelligence, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Dark current
Abstract: This work proposes a spectral convolutional neural network (CNN) operating on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals to learn to (1) disentangle spectral signals from the sources of sensor uncertainty (i.e., pre-process) and (2) get qualitative and quantitative measures of chemical content of a sample given a spectral signal (i.e., calibrate). Once the spectral CNN is trained, it can accomplish either task through a single feed-forward pass, with real-time benefits and without any additional side information requirements including dark current, system response, temperature and detector-to-target range. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing approaches used by the Mars Science Lab for pre-processing and calibration for remote sensing observations from the Mars rover, ‘Curiosity’.
Published: 2021

15. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars

Author: John P. Grotzinger, David T. Vaniman, Javier Martin-Torres, Fred Calef, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Kenneth S. Edgett, Cécile Fabre, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Jérémie Lasue, Susanne Schröder, Raymond E. Arvidson, Violaine Sautter, Ann Ollila, John L. Campbell, Jens Frydenvang, Jeff A. Berger, Nicolas Mangold, Allan H. Treiman, Craig Hardgrove, María Paz Zorzano, James F. Bell, Douglas W. Ming, Scott VanBommel, Agnes Cousin, Horton E. Newsom, Woodward W. Fischer, Nathan T. Bridges, Marie J. McBride, Olivier Forni, Michael C. Malin, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Richard V. Morris, Martin R. Fisk, Sylvestre Maurice, Scott M. McLennan, Ralf Gellert, Nina Lanza, Benton C. Clark, Diana L. Blaney, Melissa S. Rice, Lucy M. Thompson, Joel A. Hurowitz, and Keian R. Hardy
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporite, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Geophysics, Planetary science, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Trace metal, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Earth (classical element), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Curiosity rover observed high Mn abundances (>25 wt % MnO) in fracture-filling materials that crosscut sandstones in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. The correlation between Mn and trace metal abundances plus the lack of correlation between Mn and elements such as S, Cl, and C, reveals that these deposits are Mn oxides rather than evaporites or other salts. On Earth, environments that concentrate Mn and deposit Mn minerals require water and highly oxidizing conditions; hence, these findings suggest that similar processes occurred on Mars. Based on the strong association between Mn-oxide deposition and evolving atmospheric dioxygen levels on Earth, the presence of these Mn phases on Mars suggests that there was more abundant molecular oxygen within the atmosphere and some groundwaters of ancient Mars than in the present day.
Published: 2016

16. The potassic sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, as seen by ChemCam on boardCuriosity

Author: Horton E. Newsom, Jérémie Lasue, K. M. Stack, Diana L. Blaney, Dawn Y. Sumner, Martin R. Fisk, William Rapin, S. Le Mouélic, Valerie Payre, Gilles Dromart, Scott M. McLennan, P. Y. Meslin, Allan H. Treiman, Olivier Gasnault, Ryan B. Anderson, Nina Lanza, Cécile Fabre, N. Mangold, Olivier Forni, Melissa S. Rice, S. Maurice, John P. Grotzinger, Susanne Schröder, Sanjeev Gupta, Violaine Sautter, Agnès Cousin, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, L. Le Deit, and Marion Nachon
Subjects: Basalt, Martian, Olivine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outcrop, Geochemistry, Crust, Mars Exploration Program, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, On board, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), engineering, Sedimentary rock, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Key Points: • Mean K2O abundance in sedimentary rocks >5 times higher than that of the average Martian crust • Presence of alkali feldspars and K-phyllosilicates in basaltic sedimentary rocks along the traverse • The K-bearing minerals likely have a detrital origin
Published: 2016

17. Observation of > 5 wt % zinc at the Kimberley outcrop, Gale crater, Mars

Author: Sylvestre Maurice, N. Mangold, Jérémie Lasue, L. Le Deit, Olivier Forni, S. Le Mouélic, William Rapin, Valerie Payre, Agnès Cousin, Roger C. Wiens, Marion Nachon, Samuel M. Clegg, Jeff A. Berger, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Cécile Fabre, Walter Goetz, Olivier Gasnault, K. M. Stack, Diana L. Blaney, Nina Lanza, and Dawn Y. Sumner
Subjects: Supergene (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hypogene, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Mars Exploration Program, Zinc, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Sphalerite, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sauconite, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), engineering, Siliciclastic, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, Gossan, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Zinc-enriched targets have been detected at the Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars, using the Chemistry Camera (ChemCam) instrument. The Zn content is analyzed with a univariate calibration based on the 481.2 nm emission line. The limit of quantification for ZnO is 3 wt % (at 95% confidence level) and 1 wt % (at 68% confidence level). The limit of detection is shown to be around 0.5 wt %. As of sol 950, 12 targets on Mars present high ZnO content ranging from 1.0 wt % to 8.4 wt % (Yarrada, sol 628). Those Zn-enriched targets are almost entirely located at the Dillinger member of the Kimberley formation, where high Mn and alkali contents were also detected, probably in different phases. Zn enrichment does not depend on the textures of the rocks (coarse-grained sandstones, pebbly conglomerates, and resistant fins). The lack of sulfur enhancement suggests that Zn is not present in the sphalerite phase. Zn appears somewhat correlated with Na2O and the ChemCam hydration index, suggesting that it could be in an amorphous clay phase (such as sauconite). On Earth, such an enrichment would be consistent with a supergene alteration of a sphalerite gossan cap in a primary siliciclastic bedrock or a possible hypogene nonsulfide zinc deposition where Zn, Fe, Mn would have been transported in a reduced sulfur-poor fluid and precipitated rapidly in the form of oxides.
Published: 2016

18. Martian Eolian Dust Probed by ChemCam

Author: María Paz Zorzano, Erwin Dehouck, Gilles Berger, William Rapin, S. Le Mouélic, Olivier Gasnault, Jeffrey R. Johnson, P.-Y. Meslin, Horton E. Newsom, Olivier Forni, Javier Martin-Torres, Ann Ollila, Jérémie Lasue, N. Mangold, Nina Lanza, Claude d’Uston, Ruth A. Anderson, Agnes Cousin, Violaine Sautter, Morten Madsen, Cécile Fabre, Noureddine Melikechi, B. C. Clark, Diana L. Blaney, Walter Goetz, Sylvestre Maurice, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, S. Schroeder, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Optical Science Center for Applied Research (OSCAR), Delaware State University (DSU), Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Martian, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rock cycle, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Mineralogy, Mars Exploration Program, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ChemCam, 13. Climate action, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Aeolian processes, dust, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Chemical composition, Volatiles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The ubiquitous eolian dust on Mars plays important roles in the current sedimentary and atmospheric processes of the planet. The ChemCam instrument retrieves a consistent eolian dust composition at the submillimeter scale from every first laser shot on Mars targets. Its composition presents significant differences with the Aeolis Palus soils and the Bagnold dunes as it contains lower CaO and higher SiO2. The dust FeO and TiO2 contents are also higher, probably associated with nanophase oxide components. The dust spectra show the presence of volatile elements (S and Cl), and the hydrogen content is similar to Bagnold sands but lower than Aeolis Palus soils. Consequently, the dust may be a contributor to the amorphous component of soils, but differences in composition indicate that the two materials are not equivalent. Plain Language Summary Eolian dust on Mars is very fine dust that covers the entire surface of the planet, gives it its typical red hue, and is mobilized by wind. It plays a significant role in the current rock cycle of the planet and for the temperature of the atmosphere. ChemCam uses a series of pulsed laser shots to analyze the chemical composition of target materials. Each first laser shot by ChemCam gives the composition of the deposited dust. These measurements have been constant over the duration of the Mars Science Laboratory mission. The dust is homogeneous at the millimeter scale (approximately the size of the ChemCam analysis spot). Compared to local soils and sands at Gale crater, the dust contains higher levels of iron and titanium, associated with volatile elements like hydrogen, sulfur, and chlorine. We infer from this difference that the dust does not entirely originate locally and may be part of a separate global cycle.
Published: 2018

19. In situ evidence for continental crust on early Mars

Author: David T. Vaniman, Edward M. Stolper, Olivier Forni, Jérémie Lasue, Nicolas Mangold, H. E. Newsom, James J. Wray, John Bridges, S. Le Mouélic, William Rapin, L. Le Deit, Sylvestre Maurice, Agnes Cousin, Cécile Fabre, P. Y. Meslin, Patrick Pinet, Olivier Gasnault, Ann Ollila, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, V. Sautter, Pierre Beck, Nina Lanza, D. Dyar, Martin R. Fisk, M. Toplis, Museum Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Chevron Energy Technology Company, Space Research Centre [Leicester], University of Leicester, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Albuquerque] (EPS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Mount Holyoke College, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Basalt, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Continental crust, Volcanology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Crust, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Diorite, Porphyritic, Igneous rock, Paleontology, Geochemistry, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Inner planets, 0103 physical sciences, Magmatism, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Petrology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding of the geologic evolution of Mars has been greatly improved by recent orbital(1-3), in situ(4,5) and meteorite(6-8) data, but insights into the earliest period of Martian magmatism (4.1 to 3.7 billion years ago) remain scarce(9). The landing site of NASA's Curiosity rover, Gale crater, which formed 3.61 billion years ago(10) within older terrain(11), provides a window into this earliest igneous history. Along its traverse, Curiosity has discovered light-toned rocks that contrast with basaltic samples found in younger regions(12). Here we present geochemical data and images of 22 specimens analysed by Curiosity that demonstrate that these light-toned materials are feldspar-rich magmatic rocks. The rocks belong to two distinct geochemical types: alkaline compositions containing up to 67 wt% SiO2 and 14 wt% total alkalis (Na2O + K2O) with fine-grained to porphyritic textures on the one hand, and coarser-grained textures consistent with quartz diorite and granodiorite on the other hand. Our analysis reveals unexpected magmatic diversity and the widespread presence of silica- and feldspar-rich materials in the vicinity of the landing site at Gale crater. Combined with the identification of feldspar-rich rocks elsewhere(9,13,14) and the low average density of the crust in the Martian southern hemisphere(15), we conclude that silica-rich magmatic rocks may constitute a significant fraction of ancient Martian crust and may be analogous to the earliest continental crust on Earth.
Published: 2015

20. High manganese concentrations in rocks at Gale crater, Mars

Author: Horton E. Newsom, Nicolas Mangold, Craig Hardgrove, Marion Nachon, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Jeff A. Berger, Benton C. Clark, Ann Ollila, John P. Grotzinger, Noureddine Melikechi, S. Maurice, Ryan B. Anderson, Violaine Sautter, Olivier Forni, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Woodward W. Fischer, Mariek E. Schmidt, Agnes Cousin, Ralf Gellert, Nina Lanza, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Now at Chevron Energy Technology Company, US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [St. Catharines], Brock University [Canada], Department of Earth Sciences [London, ON], University of Western Ontario (UWO), ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Physics and Engineering, Delaware State University (DSU), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Weathering, Manganese, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Astrobiology, Redox indicator, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Martian surface, 0103 physical sciences, Oxidizing agent, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Composition of Mars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The surface of Mars has long been considered a relatively oxidizing environment, an ideasupported by the abundance of ferric iron phases observed there. However, compared to iron, manganeseis sensitive only to high redox potential oxidants, and when concentrated in rocks, it provides a more specificredox indicator of aqueous environments. Observations from the ChemCam instrument on the Curiosityrover indicate abundances of manganese in and on some rock targets that are 1–2 orders of magnitudehigher than previously observed on Mars, suggesting the presence of an as-yet unidentified manganese-richphase. These results show that the Martian surface has at some point in time hosted much more highlyoxidizing conditions than has previously been recognized
Published: 2014

21. Volatile and Organic Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: M. A. Meyer, Mark I. Richardson, Robert C. Anderson, Marisa C. Palucis, Sara Navarro Lopez, Rodney C. Ewing, Sanjeev Gupta, Caroline Freissinet, Edward M. Stolper, James F. Bell, M. A. Ravine, I. G. Mitrofanov, Thomas F. Bristow, Dawn Y. Sumner, Joel A. Hurowitz, Robert M. Haberle, Claire E. Newman, Andrew Steele, Muriel Saccoccio, Leslie Keely, E. Pallier, Jason P. Dworkin, Claude Geffroy, Mary A. Voytek, Michael Caplinger, Fred Goesmann, Yann Parot, Maria-Paz Zorzano Mier, A. B. Sanin, S. W. Squyres, Javier Caride Rodriguez, J. L. Griffes, Julio José Romeral-Planello, Jason Feldman, Katherine L. French, V. Sautter, Nicolas Mangold, David L. Bish, Vivian Lafaille, Michael D. Smith, François Raulin, V. Prokhorov, Gilles Berger, S. Slavney, Heather B. Franz, S. Johnstone, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Felipe Gómez, Harri Haukka, Francis A. Cucinotta, J. Hudgins, T. Cleghorn, Pascaline Francois, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Shuai Li, Paul R. Mahaffy, K. M. Robertson, Bruce M. Jakosky, J. Guo, Juergen Schieber, Rafael Navarro-González, G. J. Flesch, Scott M. McLennan, Jennifer G. Blank, M. Carmosino, Kenneth A. Farley, Yves Langevin, P. D. Archer, A. E. Brunner, M. D. Dyar, S. Le Mouélic, V. Hipkin, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Kenneth S. Edgett, Sabrina Feldman, Gale Paulsen, Paul Herrera, Alberto G. Fairén, Kirsten L. Siebach, Jan-Peter Muller, M. J. Schoppers, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Nina Lanza, Marc Gailhanou, Genevieve Marchand, Sönke Burmeister, Craig Hardgrove, Justin N. Maki, Ari-Matti Harri, Michael C. Malin, M. J. Wolff, Roger E. Summons, H. Blau, Jacqueline Cameron, Jeff A. Berger, Didier Keymeulen, Agnes Cousin, Guillermo M. Muñoz Caro, Eric Lyness, Cedric Pilorget, Michael B. Baker, Christopher S. Edwards, M. L. Litvak, Brian M. Duston, Rebecca M. E. Williams, T. Nolan, Robert T. Downs, V. E. Hamilton, Walter Goetz, Pamela G. Conrad, J. Baroukh, Nathan T. Bridges, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Philippe Sarrazin, L. Bleacher, Eric Lorigny, Mike Toplis, Michael H. Wong, Timothy H. McConnochie, Ian Mcewan, Kiran Patel, Mary Beth Wilhelm, John P. Grotzinger, Jeffrey E. Moersch, Michael A. Wilson, Mark Paton, I. Plante, Eric Lewin, Franck Poitrasson, Tori M. Hoehler, P. Guillemot, Mackenzie Day, David F. Blake, José Antonio Rodríguez Manfredi, G. W. Lugmair, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Dorothy Z. Oehler, Samuel Teinturier, Bent Ehresmann, Jérémie Lasue, K. E. Herkenhoff, Daniel C. Berman, Scott VanBommel, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Emily M. McCullough, A. A. Fraeman, Ezat Heydari, Penelope L. King, K. M. Stack, Diana L. Blaney, A. Salamon, John G. Spray, L. Posiolova, Jeff Hollingsworth, David Choi, Kevin W. Lewis, B. D. Prats, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Mehdi Benna, H. M. Elliott, Jesús Martínez-Frías, R. Mueller-Mellin, William V. Boynton, Lance E. Christensen, Richard Leveille, John A. Grant, David E. Harker, J. M. Morookian, Caleb I. Fassett, S. Jacob, Donald Fay, R. Perez, Horton E. Newsom, Morten Madsen, M. G. Trainer, G. Israel, B. E. Nixon, Claude d’Uston, John E. Moores, Olivier Gasnault, Daniel J. Krysak, Vladislav Tretyakov, G. M. Perrett, Andrew D. Aubrey, L. E. Kirkland, F. Stalport, B. L. Barraclough, Alain Cros, Stephan Böttcher, Michel Cabane, William B. Brinckerhoff, Jack D. Farmer, James J. Wray, P. Y. Meslin, Arnaud Buch, Allan H. Treiman, S. C. R. Rafkin, B. C. Clark, Noureddine Melikechi, R. Jackson, Luther W. Beegle, Angela Lundberg, Bethany L. Ehlmann, William E. Dietrich, Karl Iagnemma, K. Supulver, Radu Popa, R. Zimdar, Melissa Floyd, Wesley T. Huntress, Paul B. Niles, D. M. Delapp, C. N.. Achilles, Darrell Drake, T. Nelson, Alain Gaboriaud, Verónica Peinado-Gonzalez, Edward P. Vicenzi, T. Boucher, Jennifer L. Eigenbrode, C. Tate, David J. Des Marais, F. Javier Martin-Torres, Antoine Charpentier, Chris Webster, Mildred P. Martin, Robert M. Sucharski, Lucy M. Thompson, Cyril Szopa, D. Halleaux, Antonio Molina Jurado, Richard V. Morris, Andrey Vostrukhin, Peter C. Thomas, Ara V. Nefian, Pablo Sobron Sanchez, Manuel de la Torre Juárez, B. Elliott, Hannu Savijärvi, J. Bentz, Sergey Nikiforov, S. Gordon, Shaunna M. Morrison, Jean-Luc Lacour, Günter Reitz, M. E. Newcombe, David E. Brinza, C. Yana, Gary Kocurek, L. J. Lipkaman, C. M. Garcia, Maria Genzer, Fred Calef, A. Godber, Stubbe F. Hviid, C. Donny, T. Van Beek, Ruslan O. Kuzmin, Alexander Hayes, T. S. Olson, George D. Cody, J. Martín-Soler, N. Karpushkina, John Bridges, Mercedes Jiménez, M. Lefavor, Sylvestre Maurice, H. L. K. Manning, Ralph E. Milliken, Susanne Schröder, N. Spanovich, L. J. Edwards, A. Koefoed, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Cary Zeitlin, Noël Stewart, David T. Vaniman, E. A. Breves, Laurent Favot, A. Varenikov, Gérard Manhès, R. B. Williams, David Martin, Steven J. Rowland, E. Boehm, Adrian P. Jones, Alexis Paillet, R. Francis, Sushil K. Atreya, Mariek E. Schmidt, David Baratoux, N. I. Boyd, Qiu-Mei Lee, I. L. ten Kate, Bernard Hallet, K. Stoiber, Vivian Z. Sun, M. R. Kennedy, Gillian M. Krezoski, Mark A. Bullock, T. Stein, Michelle E. Minitti, I. Pradler, Susan L. S. Stipp, Scott Davis, Robert O. Pepin, B. L. Ehlmann, Janne Kauhanen, Dmitry Golovin, Steve J. Chipera, Raymond E. Arvidson, Javier Gómez-Elvira, L. C. Kah, Melissa S. Rice, Isaias Carrasco Blazquez, Cécile Fabre, John J. Simmonds, Joy A. Crisp, Jens Frydenvang, Florence Tan, Julia DeMarines, S. P. Gorevan, Elizabeth B. Rampe, E. McCartney, Lauren DeFlores, K. Harshman, D. N. Harpold, J. Van Beek, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Douglas W. Ming, Kristen E. Miller, John Campbell, Amy McAdam, L. Saper, Robert Sullivan, Lorenzo Fluckiger, Kjartan M. Kinch, Arik Posner, H. Bower, A. A. Pavlov, D. Scholes, Insoo Jun, Brigitte Gondet, Patrice Coll, Burt Baker, Donald M. Hassler, Ralf Gellert, Laurie A. Leshin, T. Siili, Gilles Dromart, Lauren A. Edgar, Ryan B. Anderson, Robert Dingler, Leon Radziemski, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, G. Weigle, Cynthia K. Little, A. Mezzacappa, Olivier Forni, A. S. Kozyrev, Edward A. Cloutis, Ashwin Vasavada, A. Behar, François Robert, D. M. Rubin, Alexey Malakhov, E. Jensen, T. C. Owen, Sebastien Hettrich, Miguel Ramos, B. Sutter, Melinda A. Kahre, Patrick Pinet, John H. Jones, Claude Brunet, B. Pavri, Nilton O. Renno, Evgeny Atlaskin, Laurent Peret, Maxim Mokrousov, David Lees, J. J. B. Avalos, Jennifer C. Stern, Ann Ollila, Josefina Torres Redondo, Miles J. Johnson, M. A. D. P. Hernandez, Daniel P. Glavin, Albert S. Yen, Christophe Agard, Jouni Polkko, Christopher P. McKay, J. Peterson, Oliver Botta, Mark T. Lemmon, Marion Nachon, K. M. Bean, Bruce A. Cantor, Jan Köhler, M. Fitzgibbon, Carlos Armiens-Aparicio, Jorge Pla-Garcia, Henrik Kahanpää, Frances Westall, Walter Schmidt, M.-H. Kim, Kenneth G. Miller, Sharon A. Wilson, S. McNair, O. Kortmann, David Grinspoon, E. M. Lee, S. Indyk, Osku Kemppinen, E. Raaen, Michael Mischna, R. S. Sletten, James B. Garvin, John M. Ward, R. L. Tokar, Paulo M. Vasconcelos, Charles Malespin, T. J. Parker, Aaron J. Sengstacken, S. Bender, Jean-Pierre Williams, F. Fedosov, Patrick Mauchien, Audrey Dupont, R. A. Yingst, David Coscia, David A. Cremers, Danika Wellington, Kenneth H. Nealson, J. K. Jensen, Martin R. Fisk, J. Joseph, Amy J. Williams, W. 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CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - 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Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Kruch, Catherine
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extraterrestrial Environment, Curiosity rover, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mineralogy, [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Sulfides, 01 natural sciences, organic compositions, Bassanite, 0103 physical sciences, Exobiology, [SDU.ASTR.SR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, MSL, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Martian, mudstone samples, Volatile Organic Compounds, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Water, Mars Exploration Program, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Bays, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, Sample Analysis at Mars, Sedimentary rock, Pyrolysis
Abstract: H 2 O, CO 2 , SO 2 , O 2 , H 2 , H 2 S, HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons, NO, and other trace gases were evolved during pyrolysis of two mudstone samples acquired by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay within Gale crater, Mars. H 2 O/OH-bearing phases included 2:1 phyllosilicate(s), bassanite, akaganeite, and amorphous materials. Thermal decomposition of carbonates and combustion of organic materials are candidate sources for the CO 2 . Concurrent evolution of O 2 and chlorinated hydrocarbons suggests the presence of oxychlorine phase(s). Sulfides are likely sources for sulfur-bearing species. Higher abundances of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the mudstone compared with Rocknest windblown materials previously analyzed by Curiosity suggest that indigenous martian or meteoritic organic carbon sources may be preserved in the mudstone; however, the carbon source for the chlorinated hydrocarbons is not definitively of martian origin.
Published: 2014

22. Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the Chem Cam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover

Author: Olivier Forni, David T. Vaniman, Noureddine Melikechi, R. Perez, Sylvestre Maurice, Horton E. Newsom, Jérémie Lasue, Diana L. Blaney, Ann Ollila, Agnes Cousin, D. M. Delapp, B. L. Barraclough, M. D. Dyar, P. Y. Meslin, Nina Lanza, Olivier Gasnault, R. L. Tokar, S. Bender, Cécile Fabre, Johan Mazoyer, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Lauren DeFlores, Ryan B. Anderson, GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Curiosity rover, Mars, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Partial least squares regression, Calibration, Spectral resolution, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Remote sensing, Data processing, LIBS, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Mars Exploration Program, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, ChemCam
Abstract: International audience; The ChemCam instrument package on the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, is the first planetary science instrument to employ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the compositions of geological samples on another planet. Pre-processing of the spectra involves subtracting the ambient light background, removing noise, removing the electron continuum, calibrating for the wavelength, correcting for the variable distance to the target, and applying a wavelength-dependent correction for the instrument response. Further processing of the data uses multivariate and univariate comparisons with a LIBS spectral library developed prior to launch as well as comparisons with several on-board standards post-landing. The level-2 data products include semi-quantitative abundances derived from partial least squares regression. A LIBS spectral library was developed using 69 rock standards in the form of pressed powder disks, glasses, and ceramics to minimize heterogeneity on the scale of the observation (350-550 mu m dia.). The standards covered typical compositional ranges of igneous materials and also included sulfates, carbonates, and phyllosilicates. The provenance and elemental and mineralogical compositions of these standards are described. Spectral characteristics of this data set are presented, including the size distribution and integrated irradiances of the plasmas, and a proxy for plasma temperature as a function of distance from the instrument. Two laboratory-based clones of ChemCam reside in Los Alamos and Toulouse for the purpose of adding new spectra to the database as the need arises. Sensitivity to differences in wavelength correlation to spectral channels and spectral resolution has been investigated, indicating that spectral registration needs to be within half a pixel and resolution needs to match within 1.5 to 2.6 pixels. Absolute errors are tabulated for derived compositions of each major element in each standard using PLS regression. Sources of errors are investigated and discussed, and methods for improving the analytical accuracy of compositions derived from ChemCam spectra are discussed.
Published: 2013

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22 results on '"Nina Lanza"'

1. Mars Extant Life: What's Next? Conference Report

2. Quantification of manganese for ChemCam Mars and laboratory spectra using a multivariate model

3. Investigating the role of anhydrous oxidative weathering on sedimentary rocks in the Transantarctic Mountains and implications for the modern weathering of sedimentary lithologies on Mars

4. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

5. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

6. Origin and composition of three heterolithic boulder- and cobble-bearing deposits overlying the Murray and Stimson formations, Gale Crater, Mars

7. Manganese oxides in Martian meteorites Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 and 7533

8. Origin of Life on Mars: Suitability and Opportunities

9. In situ detection of boron by ChemCam on Mars

10. Diagenetic silica enrichment and late-stage groundwater activity in Gale crater, Mars

11. Alkali trace elements in Gale crater, Mars, with ChemCam: Calibration update and geological implications

12. Geologic overview of the Mars Science Laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley, Gale crater, Mars

13. Copper enrichments in the Kimberley formation in Gale crater, Mars: Evidence for a Cu deposit at the source

14. Deep spectral CNN for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

15. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars

16. The potassic sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, as seen by ChemCam on boardCuriosity

17. Observation of > 5 wt % zinc at the Kimberley outcrop, Gale crater, Mars

18. Martian Eolian Dust Probed by ChemCam

19. In situ evidence for continental crust on early Mars

20. High manganese concentrations in rocks at Gale crater, Mars

21. Volatile and Organic Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

22. Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the Chem Cam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover

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