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1. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Piergiorgio Sonato, Hitesh Patel, A. Sottocornola, Veena Gupta, B. Raval, G. Rostagni, M. Spolaore, M. Fadone, A. Patel, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Gambetta, M. Recchia, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Brombin, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Zaupa, J.F. Moreno, Giuseppe Marchiori, W. Kraus, P. Tinti, G. Serianni, G. Kouzmenko, Gabriele Manduchi, V. Antoni, A. Zamengo, F. Paolucci, Giuseppe Chitarin, M. Battistella, Tullio Bonicelli, C. Labate, V. Pilard, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, E. Ocello, Roberto Cavazzana, D. Boilson, Vanni Toigo, Barbara Zaniol, Marco Cavenago, F. Geli, A. De Lorenzi, M. Dremel, M. De Muri, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Schunke, M. Urbani, P. Jain, Namita Singh, T. Patton, A. Tonti, R. Delogu, N. Pomaro, A. Rousseau, F. Gasparini, T. Maejima, Naotaka Umeda, Ursel Fantz, H. Dhola, Marco Barbisan, C. Rotti, Lennart Svensson, M. Valente, Simone Peruzzo, G. Gomez, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Bernd Heinemann, Hiroyuki Tobari, Pierluigi Veltri, S. Manfrin, M. Siragusa, Muriel Simon, Luca Grando, Ujjwal Baruah, Silvia Spagnolo, F. Panin, A. Muraro, A.K. Chakraborty, A. Fiorentin, Adriano Luchetta, P. Zaccaria, G. Mico, A. Maistrello, C. Poggi, A. Masiello, M. Bigi, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, S. Ochoa, P. Blatchford, Gabriele Croci, Y. Xue, A. Pimazzoni, Piero Agostinetti, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Marica Rebai, B. Chuilon, M. Dan, M. Moresco, L. Zanotto, A. Garbuglia, S. Denizeau, J. Chareyre, S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, M. Ugoletti, Emanuele Sartori, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Dalla Palma, J. Graceffa, M. Boldrin, S. Sasaki, Alberto Ferro, F. Fellin, S. Dal Bello, M. Tardocchi, E. Bragulat, Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo, V., Dal Bello, S., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., Denizeau, S., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Fiorentin, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Chareyre, J., Decamps, H., Dremel, M., Graceffa, J., Geli, F., Schunke, B., Svensson, L., Urbani, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Garbuglia, A., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L., Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Labate, C., Mico, G., Moreno, J. F., Pilard, V., Kouzmenko, G., Rousseau, A., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maejima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Sasaki, S., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Patel, H., Singh, N. P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Gupta, V., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Cavenago, M., Hanke, S., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., D'Arienzo, M., Sandri, S., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Test facility, ITER, neutral beam injector, PRIMA: the ITER neutral beam test facility (NBTF), SPIDER, Nuclear engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Neutral beam injector, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019
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2. Numerical analyses and tests for optimized and enhanced heat transfer solutions in DEMO

Author

Piergiorgio Sonato, David Cabaleiro, Piero Agostinetti, Sergio Bobbo, G. Gambetta, Laura Fedele, Gambetta, G., Agostinetti, P., Sonato, P., Fedele, L., Bobbo, S., and Cabaleiro, D.

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), High heat flux, Computer science, Enhanced heat transfer, Computational fluid dynamics, Cooling technology, Dielectric fluids, Neutral beam injector, Dielectric fluid, Mechanical engineering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Acceleration, Computational fluid dynamic, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Injector, Coolant, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat transfer, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A set of novel design solutions for high performance cooling systems have been developed and tested by Consorzio RFX, achieving, with experimental tests, the challenging heat transfer conditions foreseen for Heating and Current Drive Systems of present and future nuclear fusion devices. The project, called Multi-design Innovative Cooling Research & Optimization (MICRO), has the triple objective of: • Verifying the full qualification of the manufacturing process and assess the cooling performance of the present solutions applied on the acceleration grids designed for ITER Heating Neutral Beam Injectors and MITICA experiment, which have similar heat loads as for DEMO1. • Identifying alternative designs realizable with presently qualified manufacturing processes for improving heat transfer mechanisms with limited pressure drops. • Developing further optimized solutions by means of the investigation of the interrelated effects of geometric parameters and thermofluid dynamic properties of the coolant fluid. The main aim of present work is to extend the fatigue life-cycle of high thermal stress components. In the first part of the paper the design description and constraints are presented together with the results obtained from numerical analyses carried out on the full-scaled model of the electrostatic grids; the outcomes of the experimental campaign, together with the characterization of the properties and performance of a set of alternative dielectric fluids, are shown in the second one.

Published
2019

3. The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility toward SPIDER operation

Author

J.F. Moreno, A. Zamengo, M. Urbani, P. Zaccaria, C. Baltador, W. Kraus, Alberto Ferro, V. Pilard, M. Spolaore, M. Bigi, H. Dhola, Ujjwal Baruah, Pierluigi Veltri, Gabriele Croci, M. J. Singh, A. Pimazzoni, G. Mico, C. Rotti, E. Spada, Piero Agostinetti, A. Muraro, Gabriele Manduchi, D. Gutierrez, L. Bailly-Maitre, M. Battistella, F. Fellin, Marica Rebai, M. Fröschle, Marco Barbisan, Emanuele Sartori, Marco Cavenago, G. Agarici, S. Dal Bello, M. Simon, V. Antoni, J. Chareyre, Luca Grando, R. Riedl, P. Jain, M. Valente, M.V. Nagaraju, Roberto Pasqualotto, Diego Marcuzzi, Gianluigi Serianni, M. Kushwah, M. Dalla Palma, M. Tardocchi, C. Wimmer, E. Bragulat, Barbara Zaniol, D. Boilson, J. Graceffa, D. Wünderlich, M. De Muri, R. S. Hemsworth, R. Delogu, L. Zanotto, M. Boldrin, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, M. Brombin, Matteo Agostini, M. Siragusa, R. Piovan, A. Patel, B. Raval, Riccardo Nocentini, G. Gambetta, N. Pomaro, Giuseppe Chitarin, F. Paolucci, M. Pavei, Silvia Spagnolo, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, Hitesh Patel, M. Recchia, A.K. Chakraborty, Bernd Heinemann, Loic Schiesko, A. De Lorenzi, A. Masiello, A. Garbuglia, M. Zaupa, Vanni Toigo, B. Schunke, G. Gomez, Andrea Rizzolo, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, Nicola Pilan, Tullio Bonicelli, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Lennart Svensson, Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gambetta, G, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Frã¶schle, M, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Nocentini, R, Riedl, R, Schiesko, L, Wimmer, C, Wã¼nderlich, D, Cavenago, M, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, and Hemsworth, R

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spider, Test facility, Nuclear engineering, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), Condensed Matter Physics, ITER, heating neutral beam injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, 01 natural sciences, SPIDER, 010305 fluids & plasmas, heating neutral beam injector (HNB), ITER, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure), Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

SPIDER is one of two projects of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility under construction in Padova, Italy, at the Consorzio RFX premises. It will have a 100 keV beam source with a full-size prototype of the radiofrequency ion source for the ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) and also, similar to the ITER diagnostic neutral beam, it is designed to operate with a pulse length of up to 3600 s, featuring an ITER-like magnetic filter field configuration (for high extraction of negative ions) and caesium oven (for high production of negative ions) layout as well as a wide set of diagnostics. These features will allow a reproduction of the ion source operation in ITER, which cannot be done in any other existing test facility. SPIDER realization is well advanced and the first operation is expected at the beginning of 2018, with the mission of achieving the ITER heating and diagnostic NBI ion source requirements and of improving its performance in terms of reliability and availability. This paper mainly focuses on the preparation of the first SPIDER operations - integration and testing of SPIDER components, completion and implementation of diagnostics and control and formulation of operation and research plan, based on a staged strategy

Published
2017

4. The PRIMA test facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

S. Hanke, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, Emanuele Sartori, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, A.K. Chakraborty, Vanni Toigo, T. Maejima, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nicola Pilan, G. Mico, C. Rotti, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, A. Masiello, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Antoni, B. Schunke, J. Chareyre, Gabriele Manduchi, G. Rostagni, P. Zaccaria, Gianluigi Serianni, Y. Xue, Alberto Ferro, M. Valente, M. De Muri, M. Bigi, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, S. Ochoa, Gabriele Croci, M. Brombin, Hiroyuki Tobari, A. Pimazzoni, M. Kushwah, Simone Peruzzo, Andrea Rizzolo, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, M.V. Nagaraju, M. Recchia, M. Zaupa, H. Yamanaka, M. Dalla Palma, F. Fellin, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, J.F. Moreno, L. Zanotto, M. Spolaore, Ujjwal Baruah, M. Siragusa, Bernd Heinemann, H. Decamps, C. Taliercio, A. Garbuglia, A. Fiorentin, W. Kraus, M. Battistella, Muriel Simon, Francesco Gnesotto, E. Bragulat, Matteo Agostini, E. Ocello, Silvia Spagnolo, S. Dal Bello, Marco Cavenago, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, Tullio Bonicelli, P. Blatchford, B. Chuilon, A. De Lorenzi, Piero Agostinetti, J. Graceffa, P. Jain, Marica Rebai, G. Gambetta, H.P.L. de Esch, A. Tonti, M. Moresco, Namita Singh, Lennart Svensson, Ursel Fantz, M. Urbani, M. Boldrin, C. Baltador, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Giuseppe Chitarin, R. Piovan, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, M. Tardocchi, Roberto Pasqualotto, V. Pilard, Pierluigi Veltri, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, R. Delogu, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, F. Paolucci, Hitesh Patel, N. Pomaro, Naotaka Umeda, Marco D’Arienzo, B. Raval, Volker Hauer, A. Patel, Masaya Hanada, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Tardocchi, M, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, and Tonti, A

Subjects
Nuclear engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, PRIMA, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, MITICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Neutral beam injector, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, 010306 general physics, heating neutral beam injector, Physics, Spider, Test facility, ITER neutral beam test facility, Advanced stage, Injector, SPIDER, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now - when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage

Published
2017

5. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

A. Fiorentin, Silvia Spagnolo, E. Spada, Daniel Gutierrez, B. Chuilon, Pierluigi Veltri, M. Recchia, J. Chareyre, Lennart Svensson, M. De Muri, F. Fellin, C. Rotti, R. S. Hemsworth, A. Muraro, J.F. Moreno, Gianluigi Serianni, Adriano Luchetta, A. Maistrello, Muriel Simon, G. Gambetta, Alberto Ferro, Giuseppe Chitarin, W. Kraus, Gabriele Manduchi, F. Paolucci, M. Battistella, H. Decamps, L. Zanotto, Y. Xue, C. Taliercio, E. Ocello, V. Pilard, H.P.L. de Esch, J. Graceffa, Bernd Heinemann, Marco Cavenago, M.V. Nagaraju, P. Zaccaria, S. Hanke, M. Boldrin, M. Spolaore, Diego Marcuzzi, Atsushi Kojima, M. Pavei, Sandro Sandri, P. Jain, M. Siragusa, Marco D’Arienzo, Francesco Gnesotto, M. Bigi, S. Ochoa, A.K. Chakraborty, M. Urbani, N. Pomaro, Gabriele Croci, A. Pimazzoni, Tullio Bonicelli, S. Dal Bello, C. Baltador, G. Gomez, Volker Hauer, A. Sottocornola, A. Zamengo, M. Valente, Hiroyuki Tobari, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Hitesh Patel, Vanni Toigo, Andrea Rizzolo, G. Mico, B. Raval, H. Yamanaka, A. Masiello, B. Schunke, Simone Peruzzo, A. De Lorenzi, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, E. Bragulat, Nicolò Marconato, Giuseppe Gorini, M. Kushwah, P. Blatchford, Piero Agostinetti, Marica Rebai, T. Maeshima, M. Dalla Palma, M. Moresco, Masaya Hanada, Kazuhiro Watanabe, L. Bailly-Maitre, Nicola Pilan, Emanuele Sartori, Naotaka Umeda, M. Brombin, M. Zaupa, Piergiorgio Sonato, C. Finotti, A. Patel, V. Antoni, D. Boilson, H. Dhola, M. J. Singh, Roberto Pasqualotto, Marco Barbisan, Luca Grando, G. Agarici, Mieko Kashiwagi, Barbara Zaniol, Namita Singh, Ursel Fantz, R. Delogu, G. Rostagni, Ujjwal Baruah, Toigo, V, Piovan, R, Dal Bello, S, Gaio, E, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Zaccaria, P, Bigi, M, Chitarin, G, Marcuzzi, D, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Baltador, C, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Dalla Palma, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Finotti, C, Fiorentin, A, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Valente, M, Veltri, P, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Graceffa, J, Svensson, L, Schunke, B, Decamps, H, Urbani, M, Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kashiwagi, M, Hanada, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maeshima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Yamanaka, H, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Rotti, C, Patel, H, Nagaraju, M, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Hanke, S, Hauer, V, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, De Esch, H, Hemsworth, R, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Rebai, M, Muraro, A, Cavenago, M, D'Arienzo, M, and Sandri, S

Subjects
Computer science, Nuclear engineering, NBI, PRIMA, PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), neutral beam injector, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), PRIMA: the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), SPIDER, MITICA, law, ITER, 0103 physical sciences, NBTF, General Materials Science, Spider, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Test facility, Mitica, Mechanical Engineering, neutral beam test facility, Injector, Heating Neutral Beam Injector (HNB), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Materials Science (all), Realization (systems), Beam (structure)
Abstract

The realization of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) and the start the experimental phase are important tasks of the fusion roadmap, since the target requirements of injecting to the plasma a beam of Deuterium atoms with a power up to 16.5 MW, at 1MeV of energy and with a pulse length up to 3600s have never been reached together before. The ITER NBTF, called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy; it includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER injector and SPIDER, the full-size negative ion source. The realization promoted by the ITER organization is carried out with the contribution of the European Union, channeled through the Joint Undertaking for ITER (F4E), of the Consorzio RFX which hosts the Test Facility, the Japanese and the Indian ITER Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) and several European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFECulham, CEA-Cadarache. The early start of operation of PRIMA experiments is urgent because sufficient experimental time is necessary to face and solve the issues related to the achievement of the desired performance in time for the ITER operation, requiring NBI since the beginning. Substantial progresses have been recently achieved: the buildings construction, begun in October 2012, has been completed by the end of 2015 and the installation of some components has been started since the end of 2014. The SPIDER realization is well advanced: the installation phase is proceeding in good agreement with the general plan; it is expected to be almost completed by the end of 2016. In parallel, the commissioning of the SPIDER power supply (PS) and auxiliary plant systems is being proceeding. Tests at full power and remote control are planned, including also those addressed to reproduce the grid breakdowns and to test the relevant protections. The design of the MITICA injector components was completed in 2015their procurement is being made through a number of tenders, some of them already launched. The HV Power Supply system of the MITICA 1MV accelerator, provided by JADA, was delivered on site in December 2015. The challenging installation of these components, including the step-up transformers and the SF6 gas insulated transmission line, started soon after and will go on throughout 2016. The present phase, with the PRIMA buildings continuously filled with new components, with the installation activities progressing and with also the commissioning and testing phase starting represents a substantial step forward toward the main target. The paper will describe the main challenges the Project Team has dealt during this phase and the important feedback derived for the ITER HNB systems both from the technical and the organizational standpoints.

Published
2017

6. SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams

Author

M. Valente, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, A. Ferro, M. Recchia, S. Dal Bello, Matteo Agostini, R. Piovan, Silvia Spagnolo, D. Boilson, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Ugoletti, Marco Boldrin, Roberto Cavazzana, M. Battistella, L. Ferbel, S. Denizeau, Gianluigi Serianni, Marco Barbisan, Giuseppe Marchiori, Marco Cavenago, Vanni Toigo, Pierluigi Zaccaria, V. Antoni, C. Rotti, P. Jain, Luca Grando, W. Kraus, Mieko Kashiwagi, Bernd Heinemann, G. Rostagni, P. Tinti, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, M. Fadone, C. Baltador, S. Manfrin, Nicolò Marconato, G. Gambetta, N. Pomaro, Piero Agostinetti, Nicola Pilan, Gabriele Manduchi, F. Paolucci, A. Masiello, Loris Zanotto, Giuseppe Chitarin, A. De Lorenzi, B. Zaniol, C. Taliercio, M. Dan, M. Brombin, Namita Singh, T. Patton, F. Gasparini, Ursel Fantz, M. Moresco, M. Zaupa, M. Siragusa, A.K. Chakraborty, M. De Muri, A. Zamengo, S. Muriel, Simone Peruzzo, Elena Gaio, D. Aprile, E. Spada, M. Bigi, A. Pimazzoni, Pierluigi Veltri, M. Spolaore, Francesco Gnesotto, Emanuele Sartori, Diego Marcuzzi, Tullio Bonicelli, F. Fellin, Adriano Luchetta, R. Delogu, A. Maistrello, C. Poggi, M. Dalla Palma, A. Rizzolo, Hitesh Patel, Serianni, G., Toigo, V., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferbel, L., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Baltador, C., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Bonicelli, T., Paolucci, F., Muriel, S., Masiello, A., Chakraborty, A., Patel, H., Singh, N. P., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Kashiwagi, M., and Tsumori, K.

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ion source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, Physics::Plasma Physics, Neutral beam injectors, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Particle, Negative ion beam, General Materials Science, Negative ion source, 010306 general physics, Current density, Beam (structure), Civil and Structural Engineering, Beam divergence
Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control plasma configuration in ITER, a suitable combination of additional heating and current drive systems is necessary. Among them, two Neutral Beam Injectors (NBI) will provide 33 MW hydrogen/deuterium particles electrostatically accelerated to 1 MeV; efficient gas-cell neutralisation at such beam energy requires negative ions, obtained by caesium-catalysed surface conversion of atoms inside the ion source. As ITER NBI requirements have never been simultaneously attained, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was set up at Consorzio RFX (Italy), including two experiments. MITICA is the full-scale NBI prototype with 1 MeV particle energy. SPIDER, with 100 keV particle energy, aims at testing and optimising the full-scale ion source: extracted beam uniformity, negative ion current density (for one hour) and beam optics (beam divergence

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