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1. Decomposition of the CO stretching vibration band of laboratory H2O-CO ices irradiated by heavy ions

Author: Hermann Rothard, E. F. da Silveira, A. L. F. de Barros, Alicja Domaracka, Ph. Boduch, E. Seperuelo Duarte, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro) ( CEFET/RJ), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Atomes, Molécules et Agrégats (AMA), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Défauts et IRradiations (MADIR), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, solid state -ISM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, molecules -infrared, Analytical chemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ice mantles, 01 natural sciences, Decomposition, Ion, Vibration, astrochemistry -solid state, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, general, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, volatile -methods, laboratory, ISM, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: H2O and CO molecules are the main constituents of the interstellar dust grain ice mantles. Infrared spectra of the ices in line of sights of young stellar objects and background stars have shown that the CO stretching vibration band can be decomposed into three main components: 2143, 2139 and 2136 cm−1, assigned to CO in different environment sites. The relative strengths between the components have been associated to an evolutionary track of the interstellar molecular clouds. H2O:CO (3:2) and (10:1) ices samples were irradiated by 0.79 MeV/u 58Ni13 + ions to simulate the effects produced by heavy ion cosmic rays in typical interstellar ices mixtures. The CO stretching vibration band is decomposed into six Gaussians functions (2150, 2144, 2141, 2138, 2136 and 2133 cm−1) and their integrated absorbances were measured as a function of fluence. The results have shown that, at the final fluence, the component 2138 cm−1 is the main component of the CO stretching vibration band. The component 2150 cm−1 disappears at the beginning of irradiation. Based on the present and previous results, a time scale for the components in the interstellar ices is proposed. For H2O:CO ice in the ISM it is predicted that, after 1 Myrs, the main components of the CO stretching vibration band are the 2138 cm−1 and 2141 cm−1, due to the CO monomers and dimers, respectively.
Published: 2021

2. Radiolysis of pyridine in solid water

Author: Philippe Boduch, Alicja Domaracka, Prudence C. J. Ada Bibang, Hermann Rothard, Aditya N. Agnihotri, Zuzana Kanuchova, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: Materials science, Infrared spectroscopy, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Pyridine, Radiolysis, Water environment, Physical chemistry, Molecule, Irradiation, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: We irradiated the complex organic molecule pyridine and mixtures of pyridine and water in the solid phase (thin icy films) at 12 K at different beam lines of the GANIL facility (ARIBE: 90 keV $$\hbox {O}^{\mathrm {6+}}$$ , SME: $$650\, \hbox {MeV Zn}^{\mathrm {26+}})$$ . The destruction of the initial molecule and the appearance of radiolytic products were followed by in-situ infrared absorption spectroscopy as a function of the projectile fluence with the CASIMIR experimental set-up of CIMAP. We measured the destruction cross section as a function of pyridine concentration. A clear dependence on the percentage of pyridine in $$\hbox {H}_{\mathrm {2}}\hbox {O}$$ was found: the destruction cross sections are significantly higher for small concentration, i.e. pure pyridine is more radioresistant than pyridine diluted in water ice at 12 K. Thus, the presence of water environment significantly modifies the radiation resistance of the initial complex organic molecules: it enhances radiosensitivity and destruction of pyridine, with implications for radiobiology and astrochemistry.
Published: 2021

3. A general approach to study molecular fragmentation and energy redistribution after an ionizing event

Author: Paola Bolognesi, Sergio Díaz-Tendero, Patrick Rousseau, Ewa Erdmann, Jacopo Chiarinelli, Suvasthika Indrajith, Bernd A. Huber, Marta Łabuda, Alicja Domaracka, Robert Richter, Manuel Alcamí, Néstor F. Aguirre, Lorenzo Avaldi, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], 010304 chemical physics, Internal energy, furan, education, General Physics and Astronomy, Photoionization, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Dissociation (chemistry), PEPICO, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, M3C, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Mass spectrum, Redistribution (chemistry), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; We propose to combine quantum chemical calculations, statistical mechanical methods, and photoionization and particle collision experiments to unravel the redistribution of internal energy of the furan cation and its dissociation pathways. This approach successfully reproduces the relative intensity of the different fragments as a function of the internal energy of the system in photoelectronphotoion coincidence experiments and the different mass spectra obtained when ions ranging from Ar + to Xe 25+ or electrons are used in collision experiments. It provides deep insights into the redistribution of the internal energy in the ionized molecule and its influence on the dissociation pathways and resulting charged fragments. The present pilot study demonstrates the efficiency of a statistical exchange of excitation energy among various degrees of freedom of the molecule and proves that the proposed approach is mature to be extended to more complex systems.
Published: 2021

4. Timing of charge migration in betaine by impact of fast atomic ions

Author: Dariusz G. Piekarski, Fernando Martín, Bernd A. Huber, Sergio Díaz-Tendero, Jesús González-Vázquez, Alicja Domaracka, Janina Kopyra, Lamri Adoui, Manuel Alcamí, Patrick Rousseau, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Atomes, Molécules et Agrégats (AMA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UAM. Departamento de Química, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)
Subjects: Materials science, Electron dynamics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Electron Migration, Ion, Electron Dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Betaine, Migration Time, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Atomic Ion, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, 010304 chemical physics, Charge (physics), Química, Ion bombardment, Negative Charge, Ions Bombardment, Zwitter Ionic Molecule, chemistry, Chemical physics, Charge Migration, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Splittings
Abstract: The way molecules break after ion bombardment is intimately related to the early electron dynamics generated in the system, in particular, charge (or electron) migration. We exploit the natural positive-negative charge splitting in the zwitterionic molecule betaine to selectively induce double electron removal from its negatively charged side by impact of fast O
Published: 2021

5. Vibrationally Mediated Stabilization of Electrons in Nonpolar Matter

Author: Alicja Domaracka, Štěpán Sršeň, Jaroslav Kočišek, Jakub Med, Patrick Rousseau, Juraj Fedor, Petr Slavíček, Suvasthika Indrajith, Michal Fárník, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Quantum dynamics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], Solvation, Electron, 010402 general chemistry, Solvated electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Chemical physics, Molecular vibration, 0103 physical sciences, Path integral molecular dynamics, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Physics::Chemical Physics
Abstract: International audience; We explore solvation of electrons in nonpolar matter, here represented by butadiene clusters. Isolated butadiene supports only the existence of transient anions (resonances). Two-dimensional electron energy loss spectroscopy shows that the resonances lead to an efficient vibrational excitation of butadiene, which can result into the almost complete loss of energy of the interacting electron. Cluster-beam experiments show that molecular clusters of butadiene form stable anions, however only at sizes of more than 9 molecular units. We have calculated the distribution of electron affinities of clusters using classical and path integral molecular dynamics simulations. There is almost a continuous transition from the resonant to the bound anions with an increase in cluster size. The comparison of the classical and quantum dynamics reveals that the electron binding is strongly supported by molecular vibrations, brought about by nuclear zero-point motion and thermal agitation. We also inspected the structure of the solvated electron, finding it well localized.
Published: 2020

6. Infrared complex refractive index of N-containing astrophysical ices free of water processed by cosmic-ray simulated in laboratory

Author: Sergio Pilling, W.R.M. Rocha, Philippe Boduch, Hermann Rothard, Alicja Domaracka, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Thin films, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Mid-IR albedo, Molecule, Kramers-Kronig, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Cosmic rays, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Complex refractive index, Chemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Interstellar medium, 13. Climate action, Astrophysical ices, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Refractive index
Abstract: Several nitrogen-containing molecules have been unambiguously identified in the Solar System and in the Interstellar Medium. It is believed that such a rich inventory of species is a result of the energetic processing of astrophysical ices during the interaction with ionizing radiation. An intrinsic parameter of matter, the complex refractive index, stores all the “chemical memory” triggered by energetic processing, and therefore might be used to probe ice observations in the infrared. In this study, four N-containing ices have been condensed in an ultra-high vacuum chamber and processed by heavy ions (O and Ni) with energies between 0.2 and 15.7 MeV at the Grand Accelerateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), in Caen, France. All chemical changes were monitored in situ by Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. The complex refractive index was calculated directly from the absorbance spectrum, by using the Lambert-Beer and Kramers-Kroning relations, and the values are available in an online database: https://www1.univap.br/gaa/nkabs-database/data.htm . As a result, other than the database, it was observed that non-polar ices are more destroyed by sputtering than polar ones. Such destruction and chemical evolution lead to variation in the IR albedo of samples addressed in this paper.
Published: 2020

7. Interaction of hydantoin with solar wind minority ions: O6+ and He2+

Author: P. Moretto-Capelle, Julie Renoud, Alicja Domaracka, Suvasthika Indrajith, Bernd A. Huber, Patrick Rousseau, Jean-Philippe Champeaux, Interactions Ions-Matière (LCAR) (I²M), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Astrochemistry, Double ionization, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Reaction coordinate, Ion, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Mass spectrum, Molecule, Density functional theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: The laboratory study of prebiotic molecules interacting with solar wind ions is important to understand their role in the emergence of life in the complex context of the astrochemistry of circumstellar environments. In this work, we present the first study of the interaction of hydantoin (C3N2O2H4, 100 a.m.u.) with solar wind minority multi-charged ions: O6+ at 30 keV and He2+ at 8 keV. The fragmentation mass spectra as well as correlation maps resulting from the interaction are presented and discussed in this paper. Prompt and delayed dissociations from metastable states of the ionized molecule have been observed and the corresponding lifetimes measured. Experimental results are completed by quantum Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for energies, structures and dynamics (Internal Reaction Coordinates and Dynamic Reaction Coordinates) of the molecule for its different reachable charge states and the major observed fragmentation pathways. These calculations show that the molecule can only support two charges before spontaneously dissociating in agreement with the experimental observations. Calculations also demonstrate that hydantoin's ring opens after double ionization of the molecule which may enhance its reactivity in the background of biological molecule formation in a cirmcumstellar environment. For the major experimentally observed fragmentations (like 44 a.m.u./56 a.m.u. dissociation), Internal Reaction Coordinate (IRC) calculations were performed pointing out for example the important role of hydrogen transfer in the fragmentation processes.
Published: 2020

8. Non-thermal desorption of complex organic molecules

Author: Alicja Domaracka, Emmanuel Dartois, Philippe Boduch, A. Bacmann, Marin Chabot, Hermann Rothard, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), This work was supported by the Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES., P2IO LabEx program: 'Evolution de la matière du milieu interstellaire aux exoplanètes avec le JWST', ANR-13-BS05-0004,IGLIAS,Irradiation de GLaces d'Intérêt AStrophysique(2013), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Thermal desorption, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Infrared spectroscopy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, chemistry.chemical_compound, cosmic rays, Sputtering, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, solid state: volatile, Isotopologue, Physics::Chemical Physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, astrochemistry, Interstellar ice, 010401 analytical chemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM: molecules, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, ISM: lines and bands, molecular processes, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Carbon dioxide, Methanol, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Methanol ice is embedded in interstellar ice mantles present in dense molecular clouds. We aim to measure the sputtering efficiencies starting from different ice mantles of varying compositions experimentally, in order to evaluate their potential impact on astrochemical models. The sputtering yields of complex organic molecules is of particular interest, since few mechanisms are efficient enough to induce a significant feedback to the gas phase. We irradiated methanol and carbon dioxide ice mixtures of varying ratios with swift heavy ions in the electronic sputtering regime. We monitored the evolution of the infrared spectra and the species released to the gas phase with a mass spectrometer. Methanol and 13C-methanol isotopologue were used to remove any ambiguity on the measured irradiation products. The sputtering of methanol embedded in carbon dioxide ice is an efficient process leading to the ejection of intact methanol in the gas phase. We establish that when methanol is embedded in a carbon-dioxide-rich mantle exposed to cosmic rays, a significant fraction is sputtered as intact molecules. The sputtered fraction follows the time-dependent bulk composition of the ice mantle, the latter evolving with time due to the radiolysis-induced evolution of the bulk. If methanol is embedded in a carbon dioxide ice matrix, as the analyses of the spectral shape of the CO2 bending mode observations in some lines of sight suggest, the overall methanol sputtering yield is higher than if embedded in a water ice mantle. The sputtering is increased by a factor close to the dominant ice matrix sputtering yield, which is about six times higher for pure carbon dioxide ice when compared to water ice. These experiments are further constraining the cosmic-ray-induced ice mantle sputtering mechanisms important role in the gas-phase release of complex organic molecules from the interstellar solid phase., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1906.03084
Published: 2020

9. Radiolysis of NH3:CO ice mixtures – implications for Solar system and interstellar ices

Author: E. F. da Silveira, Alicja Domaracka, Hermann Rothard, Ph. Boduch, A Bergantini, A. L. F. de Barros, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Solar System, Astrochemistry, Interplanetary medium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrobiology, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Radiolysis, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: Experimental results on the processing of NH3:CO ice mixtures of astrophysical relevance by energetic (538 MeV 64Ni24+) projectiles are presented. NH3 and CO are two molecules relatively common in interstellar medium and Solar system; they may be precursors of amino acids. 64Ni ions may be considered as representative of heavy cosmic ray analogues. Laboratory data were collected using mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and revealed the formation of ammonium cation (NH$_4^+$), cyanate (OCN−), molecular nitrogen (N2), and CO2. Tentative assignments of carbamic acid (NH2COOH), formate ion (HCOO−), zwitterionic glycine (NH$_3^+$CH2COO−), and ammonium carbamate (NH$_4^+$NH2COO−) are proposed. Despite the confirmation on the synthesis of several complex species bearing C, H, O, and N atoms, no N–O-bearing species was detected. Moreover, parameters relevant for computational astrophysics, such as destruction and formation cross-sections, are determined for the precursor and the main detected species. Those values scale with the electronic stopping power (Se) roughly as σ ∼ a S$_\mathrm{ e}^n$, where n ∼ 3/2. The power law is helpful for predicting the CO and NH3 dissociation and CO2 formation cross-sections for other ions and energies; these predictions allow estimating the effects of the entire cosmic ray radiation field.
Published: 2020

10. Determination of energy-transfer distributions in ionizing ion-molecule collisions

Author: Paola Bolognesi, Manuel Alcamí, Suvasthika Indrajith, Patrick Rousseau, Jacopo Chiarinelli, Alicja Domaracka, Bernd A. Huber, Marta Łabuda, Sergio Díaz-Tendero, Ewa Erdmann, Lorenzo Avaldi, Néstor F. Aguirre, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Departamento de Qímica, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Qímica, IMAFF, Laboratoire des collisions atomiques et moléculaires (LCAM), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], History, 010304 chemical physics, Energy transfer, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, Ionizing radiation, Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Synopsis The main objective of this study is to determine the energy transfer occuring in ion-molecule collisions. In order to solve this problem, we followed two approaches; the first one by validating a purely experimental method and the second one by testing a new theoretical model M3C (Microcanonical Metropolis Monte Carlo).
Published: 2020

11. Interaction of multiply charged ions with large free silver nanoparticles: Multielectron capture, fragmentation, and sputtering phenomena

Author: Alicja Domaracka, Patrick Rousseau, Bernd A. Huber, Arkadiusz Mika, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Silver nanoparticle, Ion, Degree of ionization, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Ionization energy, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: International audience; We report on the interaction of multiply charged ions at keV energies with free Ag nanoparticles with diameters of ∼6 nm (containing about 6600 Ag atoms). As the ionization energy increases only very slowly with the degree of ionization, multielectron capture processes are very likely to occur in peripheral collisions with large cluster sizes. However, due to the large particle size, the produced highly charged Ag nanoparticles are mostly stable. For projectile charge states below q=8 the geometrical cross section overcomes the cross section for peripheral electron transfer, and penetrating collisions become dominant. Therefore, these collisions can be described as ion collision with a nanosurface, where the distribution of small-size fragments with n
Published: 2019

12. Production of Hydronium Ion (H 3 O) + and Protonated Water Clusters (H 2 O) n H + after Energetic Ion Bombardment of Water Ice in Astrophysical Environments

Author: Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, R. Martinez, Alicja Domaracka, A N Agnihotri, Hermann Rothard, G Muniz, Giovanni Strazzulla, Daniele Fulvio, Ph. Boduch, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Turin, ITA, FRA, and BRA
Subjects: 010304 chemical physics, Hydrogen, Chemistry, Hydride, Analytical chemistry, Ionic bonding, chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Interstellar medium, 13. Climate action, Sputtering, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Amorphous ice, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Water ice exists on many objects in space. The most abundant icy species, among them water, are present in the icy satellites of the outer Solar System giant planets. The nuclei of comets, which are mainly composed of water ice, give another example of its abundance. In the interstellar medium (ISM), ice mantles, formed by molecular species sticking on dust grains, consist mainly of water ice. All these objects are exposed to ionizing radiation like ions, UV photons, and electrons. Sputtering of atoms, molecules, ions, and radicals from icy surfaces may populate and maintain exospheres of icy objects in the Solar System. In other respects, ionized hydrides such as OH+, H2O+, and H3O+ have been detected in the gas phase in star-forming regions. Interactions with cosmic rays could be an additional explanation to the current models for the formation of those species. In fact, laboratory simulations showed that the main components of the sputtered ionic species from water ice are oxygen hydrides. In this work, water ice targets were irradiated at several temperatures (10-200 K) by 90 keV O6+ ions, yielding an electronic stopping power of about 12 eV/A, when the nuclear stopping power is comparable to the electronic stopping power. Sputtering of secondary ions after bombardment of the ice target was analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Besides hydrogen ions (H+, H2+, H3+), also O+, O2+, OH+, (H2O)+, and clusters of (H2O)nH+ with n = 1-8 are emitted. Our results show a progressive yield decrease with increasing temperature of all of the detected species. This is related to the structure of the ice: the ionic sputtering yield for crystalline ice is much lower than for an amorphous ice. For instance, amorphous ice at 10 K exhibits a yield of the order of 2 × 10-6 secondary (H2O)nH+ hydride ions/projectile (with n = 1-8). As the temperature is increasing toward the phase transition to crystalline ice, the yields decrease by about one order of magnitude.
Published: 2019

13. Fragmentation of Bi clusters by multiply charged ions

Author: Alicja Domaracka, Arkadiusz Mika, P. Rouseau, Bernd A. Huber, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Fission, Nanoparticle, Trimer, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Metal, Semi-empirical mass formula, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics
Abstract: We report on collisions of multiply charged ions with free Bi nanoparticles in the gas phase. The nanoparticles contain up to 650 Bi atoms corresponding to a diameter of 3.5 nm. The stability limit of multiply charged Bi clusters has been investigated yielding appearance sizes for Bi clusters in charge states up to $q=6$, which are in good agreement with predictions of the liquid drop model. This finding underlines the metallic character of the Bi particles. By coincidence measurements the correlation between the dominant fragments ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{+}$ and ${{\mathrm{Bi}}_{3}}^{+}$ and larger multiply charged residues has been determined. The comparison of the kinetic energies with $Q$-value calculations within the liquid drop model allowed identifying specific decay processes as two-body asymmetric fission or multifragmentation events. The higher kinetic energies of singly charged monomer ions compared to that of trimer ions are explained by a higher fissility of the decaying system. Correlation islands for small fragments indicate different decay mechanisms based on two-step processes where a third undetected fragment can be emitted in the first or the second step.
Published: 2019

14. Non-thermal desorption of complex organic molecules: Efficient CH$_3$OH and CH$_3$COOCH$_3$ sputtering by cosmic rays

Author: T. Id Barkach, Marin Chabot, Alicja Domaracka, Emmanuel Dartois, B. Augé, Hermann Rothard, Ph. Boduch, A. N. Agnihotri, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Programme National 'Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU with INC/INP co-funded by CEA and CNES.P2IO LabEx program: 'Evolution de la matière du milieu interstellaire aux exoplanètes avec le JWST'.INSERM-INCA (Grant BIORAD). Région Normandie fonds Européen de développement régional-FEDER Programmation 2014–2020.Experiments performed at GANIL., ANR-13-BS05-0004,IGLIAS,Irradiation de GLaces d'Intérêt AStrophysique(2013), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, Thermal desorption, Context (language use), Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, ISM: abundances, cosmic rays, Desorption, 0103 physical sciences, solid state: volatile, Physics::Chemical Physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, astrochemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Photodissociation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 0104 chemical sciences, ISM: lines and bands, Interstellar medium, molecular processes, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Chemical physics, Radiolysis, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Context. The occurrence of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the gas phase at low temperature in the dense phases of the interstellar medium suggests that a non-thermal desorption mechanism is at work because otherwise, COMs should condense within a short timescale onto dust grains. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodesorption has been shown to be much less efficient for complex organic molecules, such as methanol, because mostly photoproducts are ejected. The induced photolysis competes with photodesorption for large COMs, which considerably lowers the efficiency to desorb intact molecules. Aims. We pursue an experimental work that has already shown that water molecules, the dominant ice mantle species, can be efficiently sputtered by cosmic rays. We investigate the sputtering efficiency of complex organic molecules that are observed either in the ice mantles of interstellar dense clouds directly by infrared spectroscopy (CH3OH), or that are observed in the gas phase by millimeter telescopes (CH3COOCH3) and that could be released from interstellar grain surfaces. Methods. We irradiated ice films containing complex organic molecules (methanol and methyl acetate) and water with swift heavy ions in the electronic sputtering regime. We monitored the infrared spectra of the film as well as the species released to the gas phase with a mass spectrometer. Results. We demonstrate that when methanol or methyl acetate is embedded in a water-ice mantle exposed to cosmic rays, a large portion is sputtered as an intact molecule, with a sputtering yield close to that of the main water-ice matrix. This must be even more true for the case of more volatile ice matrices, such as those that are embedded in carbon monoxide. Conclusions. Cosmic rays penetrating deep into dense clouds provide an efficient mechanism to desorb complex organic molecules. Compared to the VUV photons, which are induced by the interaction of cosmic rays, a large portion desorb as intact molecules with a proportion corresponding to the time-dependent bulk composition of the ice mantle, the latter evolving with time as a function of fluence due to the radiolysis of the bulk.
Published: 2019

15. Non-thermal desorption of complex organic molecules

Author: Dartois, E., Chabot, M., Id Barkach, T., Rothard, H., Augé, B., Agnihotri, A. N., Domaracka, A., Boduch, P., Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, astrochemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, ISM: lines and bands, molecular processes, cosmic rays, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, solid state: volatile, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, addenda, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, errata, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; No abstract available
Published: 2019

16. Ion radiation in icy space environments: Synthesis and radioresistance of complex organic molecules

Author: Nicolas Nieuwjaer, Hermann Rothard, Aditya N. Agnihotri, Frédéric Lecomte, Charles Desfrançois, Gabriel S. Vignoli Muniz, Bruno Manil, R. Martinez, Philippe Boduch, B. Augé, Prudence C. J. Ada Bibang, Alicja Domaracka, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Ionizing radiation, Ion, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Radiolysis, Molecule, ddc:530, Irradiation, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; Ices are omnipresent in cold regions in space on, e.g., comets, dust grains, transneptunian objects, surfaces of planets and their satellites. The dominant molecule in such ices is water, but also other small molecules or even complex organic molecules (COMs) may be present. Ionizing radiation (UV photons, electrons, ions from cosmic rays or solar wind) induces several physico-chemical processes such as radiolysis. The fragmentation of initial molecules followed by chemical reactions between radicals may lead to formation of new molecules. Furthermore, also implanted projectiles can contribute to chemistry by forming new molecular species. Other observed effects include structural changes (compaction, amorphization) and desorption (sputtering) of particles from the surface. At CIMAP (Caen, France), using the different beam lines of the GANIL facility, and at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany), the interaction of swift highly charged heavy ions with astrophysical ices has been studied in a wide projectile energy range from keV to GeV. Here, two examples of our studies on astrophysical and astrochemical applications will be discussed in detail: 1) the synthesis of COMs under irradiation of ices made of small molecules, and 2) radiosensitivity of COMs such as pyridine, glycine and adenine, both for isolated molecules in the gas phase and in condensed phase. Special emphasis is given on pyridine and pyridine in water matrix.
Published: 2019

17. Insights into the dissociative ionization of glycine by PEPICO experiments

Author: Jacopo Chiarinelli, Alicja Domaracka, Lorenzo Avaldi, Feng Wang, Subhojyoti Chatterjee, Patrick Rousseau, Robert Richter, Paola Bolognesi, Mattea Carmen Castrovilli, Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, syncrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, Photon energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Molecular symmetry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Conformational isomerism, HOMO/LUMO, Lone pair, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, mass spectrometry, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, PEPICO, 3. Good health, PES, Crystallography, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology, glycine
Abstract: The fragmentation of glycine (NH2CH2COOH) has been studied by photoelectron-photoion coincidence, PEPICO, experiments at 60 eV photon energy. Glycine practically fragments at the ionization threshold, with the charge being on the H2NCH2+ moiety, due to ejection of an electron from the nitrogen lone pair of the highest occupied molecular orbital. To observe the formation of the complementary cation COOH+ further energy is needed. The flexibility with respect to rotation about the C-C, C-N and C-O bonds makes glycine exist in the gas phase in several conformers of both Cs and C1 point group symmetry in the neutral as well as ion states. The ionization can lead to stabilization of some conformations, rearrangements and, last but not least, H migration between the two moieties. The results of these experiments prove the sensitivity of PEPICO to pin point all these processes.
Published: 2018

18. Shock-driven formation of covalently bound carbon nanoparticles from ion collisions with clusters of C60 fullerenes

Author: Arkadiusz Mika, Alicja Domaracka, Lamri Adoui, Michael Gatchell, Henning Zettergren, R. Delaunay, Patrick Rousseau, Bernd A. Huber, Henrik Cederquist, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AlbaNova University Center, Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Fullerene, Projectile, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Shock (mechanics), Ion, Molecular dynamics, chemistry, Chemical physics, Covalent bond, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Molecule, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Carbon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We show that the energetic processing of C60 clusters by slow atomic projectiles leads to ultrafast ( ps ) formation of large covalent carbon nanoparticles containing a few hundreds of atoms. The underlying mechanism is found to be due to impulse-driven collisions between the projectile and the nuclei of the molecules. Experimental findings are well reproduced by classical molecular dynamics simulations. The cross sections for molecular growth processes forming covalent systems which contain more than 60 carbon atoms are about 5 ⋅ 10 − 14 cm 2 representing more than 70% of the geometrical cross sections. This demonstrates the high efficiency of the underlying processes. The formed carbon nanoparticles contain both aromatic and aliphatic structures which have also been considered as dust components in space.
Published: 2018

19. Ion collision-induced chemistry in pure and mixed loosely bound clusters of coronene and C 60 molecules

Author: Henning Zettergren, Henrik Cederquist, Alicja Domaracka, Michael Gatchell, R. Delaunay, Bernd A. Huber, Patrick Rousseau, Arkadiusz Mika, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], General Physics and Astronomy, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Coronene, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Covalent bond, Chemical physics, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Cluster (physics), Molecule, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Ionization, fragmentation and molecular growth have been studied in collisions of 22.5 keV He2+- or 3 keV Ar+-projectiles with pure loosely bound clusters of coronene (C24H12) molecules or with loosely bound mixed C60-C24H12 clusters by using mass spectrometry. The heavier and slower Ar+ projectiles induce prompt knockout-fragmentation - C- and/or H-losses - from individual molecules and highly efficient secondary molecular growth reactions before the clusters disintegrate on picosecond timescales. The lighter and faster He2+ projectiles have a higher charge and the main reactions are then ionization by ions that are not penetrating the clusters. This leads mostly to cluster fragmentation without molecular growth. However, here penetrating collisions may also lead to molecular growth but to a much smaller extent than with 3 keV Ar+. Here we present fragmentation and molecular growth mass distributions with 1 mass unit resolution, which reveals that the same numbers of C- and H-atoms often participate in the formation and breaking of covalent bonds inside the clusters. We find that masses close to those with integer numbers of intact coronene molecules, or with integer numbers of both intact coronene and C60 molecules, are formed where often one or several H-atoms are missing or have been added on. We also find that super-hydrogenated coronene is formed inside the clusters.
Published: 2018

20. Cosmic ray sputtering yield of interstellar H$_2$O ice mantles: Ice mantle thickness dependence

Author: Emmanuel Dartois, Alicja Domaracka, A. N. Agnihotri, Marin Chabot, B. Augé, T. Id Barkach, Ph. Boduch, Hermann Rothard, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, Interstellar cloud, FOS: Physical sciences, Thermal fluctuations, Cosmic ray, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Mantle (geology), Physics::Geophysics, Ion, Sputtering, Desorption, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Interstellar grain mantles present in dense interstellar clouds are in constant exchange with the gas phase via accretion and desorption mechanisms such as UV, X-ray photodesorption, cosmic ray induced sputtering, grain thermal fluctuations, and chemical reaction energy release. The relative importance of the various desorption mechanisms is of uttermost importance for astrophysical models to constrain the chemical evolution in such high density dense cloud regions. In this experimental work we investigated the sputtering yield as a function of ice mantle thickness, exposed to Xe ions at 95MeV. The ion induced ice phase transformation and the sputtering yield were simultaneously monitored by IR spectroscopy and mass spec- trometry, respectively. The sputtering yield is constant above a characteristic ice layer thickness and starts to decrease below this thickness. An estimate of the sputtering depth corresponding to this length can be evaluated. In these experiments the measured desorption depth corresponds to 30 ice layers. Assuming an effective cylindrical shape for the volume of sputtered molecules, the aspect ratio is close to unity; in the semi-infinite ice film case this ratio is the diameter to height of the cylinder. This result shows that most ejected molecules arise from a rather compact volume. The measured infinite thickness sputtering yield for water ice mantles scales as the square of the ion electronic stopping power (Se). We expect that the desorption depth dependence varies with Se^a , where a=0.5. Astrophysical models should take into account the thickness dependence constraints of these ice mantles in the interface regions when ices are close to their extinction threshold. In the very dense cloud regions, most of the water ice mantles are above this limit for the bulk of the cosmic rays., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2018

21. Sputtering of sodium and potassium from nepheline: Secondary ion yields and velocity spectra

Author: C.R. Ponciano, Hussein Hijazi, Philippe Boduch, R. Martinez, A. N. Agnihotri, T. Langlinay, F. Ropars, Amine Cassimi, E. F. da Silveira, John Robert Brucato, Giovanni Strazzulla, Hermann Rothard, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Alicja Domaracka, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, FRA, and BRA
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sputtering, Nepheline, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Highly charged ion, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Exosphere
Abstract: Silicates are the dominant surface material of many Solar System objects, which are exposed to ion bombardment by solar wind ions and cosmic rays. Induced physico-chemical processes include sputtering which can contribute to the formation of an exosphere. We have measured sputtering yields and velocity spectra of secondary ions ejected from nepheline, an aluminosilicate thought to be a good analogue for Mercury's surface, as a laboratory approach to understand the evolution of silicate surfaces and the presence of Na and K vapor in the exosphere. Experiments were performed with highly charged ion beams (keV/u–MeV/u) delivered by GANIL using an imaging XY-TOF-SIMS device under UHV conditions. The fluence dependence of sputtering yields gives information about the evolution of surface stoichiometry during irradiation. From the energy distributions N(E) of sputtered particles, the fraction of particles which could escape from the gravitational field of Mercury, and of those falling back and possibly contributing to populate the exosphere can be roughly estimated.
Published: 2017

22. Radioresistance of Adenine to Cosmic Rays

Author: Alicja Domaracka, R. Martinez, B. Augé, Christian F Mejía, Hermann Rothard, Gabriel S. Vignoli Muniz, Philippe Boduch, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Amapà, Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Ionizing radiation, Nucleobase, Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Stopping power (particle radiation), Heavy Ions, Irradiation, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Chemistry, Adenine, Radiochemistry, Ice, Temperature, Water, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Cosmic Radiation
Abstract: International audience; The presence of nucleobases in carbonaceous meteorites on Earth is an indication of the existence of this class of molecules in outer space. However, space is permeated by ionizing radiation, which can have damaging effects on these molecules. Adenine is a purine nucleobase that amalgamates important biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and ATP. Adenine has a unique importance in biochemistry and therefore life. The aim of this work was to study the effects of cosmic ray analogues on solid adenine and estimate its survival when exposed to corpuscular radiation.Adenine films were irradiated at GANIL (Caen, France) and GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) by 820 MeV Kr33+, 190 MeV Ca10+, 92 MeV Xe23+, and 12 MeV C4+ ion beams at low temperature. The evolution of adenine molecules under heavy ion irradiation was studied by IR absorption spectroscopy as a function of projectile fluence.It was found that the adenine destruction cross section (σd) follows an electronic stopping power (Se) power law under the form: CSen; C is a constant, and the exponential n is a dimensionless quantity. Using the equation above to fit our results, we determined σd = 4 × 10−17Se1.17, with Se in kiloelectronvolts per micrometer (keV μm−1). New IR absorption bands arise under irradiation of adenine and can be attributed to HCN, CN-, C2H4N4, CH3CN, and (CH3)3CNC.These findings may help to understand the stability and chemistry related to complex organic molecules in space. The half-life of solid adenine exposed to the simulated interstellar medium cosmic ray flux was estimated as (10 ± 8) × 106 years. Key Words: Heavy ions—Infrared spectroscopy—Astrochemistry—Cosmic rays—Nucleobases—Adenine. Astrobiology 17, 298–308.
Published: 2017

23. Modification of ices by cosmic rays and solar wind

Author: Alicja Domaracka, Philippe Boduch, Emmanuel Dartois, Giovanni Strazzulla, Hermann Rothard, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Enio F. da Silveira, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), ITA, FRA, and BRA
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Solar wind, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Astrophysical ices are exposed to different radiation fields including photons, electrons and ions. The latter stem from interstellar cosmic rays (CR), the solar and stellar winds, shock waves or are trapped in the magnetospheres of giant planets. We briefly discuss the physics of energy deposition by ion ir radiation in condensed matter and experimental methods to study the induced effects. We then present results on radiation effects such as sputtering, amorphisation and compaction, dissociation of molecules, formation of new molecular species after radiolysis and by implantation of ions. The formation and radio-resistance of organic molecules, related to the question of the initial conditions for the emergence of life, are briefly discussed. This review is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather focusses on recent findings, with special emphasis on experiments with heavy multiply charged ion beams. These experiments aim in particular at simulating the effects of CRs on icy grains in dense molecular clouds, and on the formation of molecules on icy bodies in the Solar System.
Published: 2017

24. Thermal and energetic processing of astrophysical ice analogues rich in SO2

Author: Z. Kaňuchová, Alicja Domaracka, Giovanni Strazzulla, Hermann Rothard, Ph. Boduch, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, ITA, FRA, SVK, Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Ionic bonding, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Interstellar medium, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Chemical physics, Sublimation (phase transition), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Sulfur is an abundant element in the cosmos and it is thus an important contributor to astrochemistry in the interstellar medium and in the solar system. Astronomical observations of the gas and of the solid phases in the dense interstellar/circumstellar regions have evidenced that sulfur is underabundant. The hypothesis to explain such a circumstance is that it is incorporated in some species in the solid phase (I.e. as frozen gases and/or refractory solids) and/or in the gas phase, which for different reasons have not been observed so far. Aims: Here we wish to give a contribution to the field by studying the chemistry induced by thermal and energetic processing of frozen mixtures of sulfur dioxide (one of the most abundant sulfur-bearing molecules observed so far) and water. Methods: We present the results of a series of laboratory experiments concerning thermal processing of different H2O:SO2 mixtures and ion bombardment (30 keV He+) of the same mixtures. We used in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the induced effects. Results: The results indicate that ionic species such as HSO, HSO, and S2O are easily produced. Energetic processing also produces SO3 polymers and a sulfurous refractory residue. Conclusions: The produced ionic species exhibit spectral features in a region that, in astronomical spectra of dense molecular clouds, is dominated by strong silicate absorption. However, such a dominant feature is associated with some spectral features, some of which have not yet been identified. We suggest adding the sulfur-bearing ionic species to the list of candidates to help explain some of those features. In addition, we suggest that once expelled in the gas phase by sublimation, due to the temperature increase, and/or by non-thermal erosion those species would constitute a class of molecular ions not detected so far. We also suggest that molecular sulfur-bearing ions could be present on the surfaces and/or in the atmospheres of several objects in the solar system, for example icy satellites of the giant planets and comets.
Published: 2017

25. Processing of low carbon content interstellar ice analogues by cosmic rays: implications for the chemistry around oxygen-rich stars

Author: A. L. F. de Barros, Ph. Boduch, Hermann Rothard, Sergio Pilling, Alicja Domaracka, E. F. da Silveira, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro) ( CEFET/RJ), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Interstellar ice, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Stars, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Oxygen rich, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Carbon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

26. Ion processing of ices and the origin of SO2 and O3 on the icy surfaces of the icy jovian satellites

Author: Rosario Brunetto, Alicja Domaracka, Z. Kaňuchová, J. J. Ding, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Hermann Rothard, Giovanni Strazzulla, Ph. Boduch, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), ITA, FRA, SVK, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Icy moon, 01 natural sciences, Sulfur, Spectral line, Ion, Jupiter, Ion implantation, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Absorption band, 0103 physical sciences, Radiolysis, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We present new experimental results relative to 144 keV S 9 + or Ar 9 + ion implantation in targets made of oxygen rich frozen gases (O2, CO2) and mixtures with water ice. Spectra in the UV (200–400 nm) range have been obtained before and after implantation. The targets have been selected because they can be representative of the parent molecules from which SO2 and O3, observed to be present on the surfaces of Jupiter’s icy Moons, could be formed due to radiolysis induced by the abundant magnetospheric ions. The results indicate that sulfur dioxide is not detectable after sulfur implantation in oxygen bearing species. Ozone is formed after argon and sulfur ion implantation. Sulfur implantation in O2 and CO2 targets also induces the formation of a band centered at about 255 nm (that we tentatively attribute to SO3 − radicals). In the mixtures with water the band appears initially at the same wavelength and shifts to about 247 nm at higher ion fluences possibly indicating the formation of sulfite (HSO3 − ) ions. An absorption band observed on Ganymede is well fitted by using three components: ozone, sulfite ions and a not identified component having an absorption band centered at 298 nm. In all of the studied cases ion implantation produces a spectral reddening over the investigated spectral range (200–400 nm) that well mimics the observed spectral slopes of Jupiter’s icy satellites.
Published: 2016

27. Implantation of multiply charged sulfur ions in water ice

Author: S. Guillous, J. J. Ding, Alicja Domaracka, Giovanni Strazzulla, Hermann Rothard, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, X. Y. Lv, Philippe Boduch, T. Langlinay, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ion beam, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Sulfuric acid, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Sulfur, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ion implantation, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Atomic physics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Sulfuric acid has been suggested to be present on the surface of the jovian moon Europa where it is mixed with the dominant water ice. The formation mechanism of sulfuric acid is still under discussion. We present new experimental results on the implantation of S q + ( q = 7, 9, 11) ions at an energy range between 35 and 176 keV in water ice at 80 K. Previous results on 200 keV S + implantation in H 2 O at 80 K have also been included in the data analysis. Experiments with multiply-charged ions at different energies are particularly relevant to simulate the complexity of the irradiation environment to which the surface of Europa is exposed being embedded in the jovian magnetosphere. The experiments were performed at the low energy ion beam facility ARIBE of GANIL in Caen (France). 35–176 keV S q + ( q = 7, 9, 11) ions were implanted in solid H 2 O layers which were frozen at 80 K. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) was used to analyze the sample in the 5000–600 cm −1 (2–16.7 μm) region with a spectral resolution of 1 cm −1 . The results of our experiments indicate that implantation produces hydrated sulfuric acid with yields that increase with ion energy, from 0.12 molecules ion −1 for 35 keV ions to 0.64 molecules ion −1 for 200 keV ions. We have also searched for the production of SO 2 and H 2 S, but we were not able to find any evidence for their synthesis. We conclude that sulfur ion implantation is the dominant formation mechanism of hydrated sulfuric acid at Europa. The suggestion that the observed distribution of sulfuric acid on the surface is well correlated with the local flux of sulfur ions find a full explanation by present experimental data.
Published: 2013

28. Cosmic ray–ice interaction studied by radiolysis of 15 K methane ice with MeV O, Fe and Zn ions

Author: C. Mejía, Philippe Boduch, Alicja Domaracka, E. F. da Silveira, Hermann Rothard, Vinicius Bordalo, A. L. F. de Barros, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro) ( CEFET/RJ), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Analytical chemistry, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Interstellar medium, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Radiolysis, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Methane (CH4) ice is found in the interstellar medium and in several bodies of the Solar system, where it is commonly exposed to cosmic rays and stellar winds. The chemical, physical and structural effects induced by fast heavy ions in thin layers of pure CH4 ices at 15 K are analysed by mid-infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared). Different pure CH4 ice samples were irradiated with 6 MeV 16 O 2 + , 220 MeV 16 O 7 + , 267 MeV 56 Fe 22 + and 606 MeV 70 Zn 26 + ions at Grand Acc´´ National d’Ions Lourds/France. Results show that CnHm molecules, where n = 2–4 and m = 2(n − 1) to 2(n + 1) and radical species CH3 ,C 2H3 and C2H5 are formed. The destruction cross-sections of CH4 ice and the formation cross-sections of new molecules CnHm are reported. The extrapolation of current results allow us to estimate the half lives of CH4 ices in the interstellar medium and the Solar system (Earth orbit) as about 600 × 10 6 and 600 yr, respectively. This huge ratio strongly suggests that the vast majority of
Published: 2013

29. Determination of Energy-Transfer Distributions in Ionizing Ion-Molecule Collisions

Author: Manuel Alcamí, Patrick Rousseau, Paola Bolognesi, R. Delaunay, Alicja Domaracka, Lorenzo Avaldi, Lamri Adoui, Sergio Díaz-Tendero, Bernd A. Huber, Sylvain Maclot, Fernando Martín, Dariusz G. Piekarski, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Qímica, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Qímica, CNR-ISM, UAM. Departamento de Química, and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Experimental techniques, General Physics and Astronomy, Delocalizations, 02 engineering and technology, Photoionization, 01 natural sciences, Dissociation (chemistry), Ion, Delocalized electron, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, 010306 general physics, Physics, Ionizing Ion-Molecule Collisions, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], Química, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Charge localization, Dissociation pathways, Excited state, Mass spectrum, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The ionization and fragmentation of the nucleoside thymidine in the gas phase has been investigated by combining ion collision with state-selected photoionization experiments and quantum chemistry calculations. The comparison between the mass spectra measured in both types of experiments allows us to accurately determine the distribution of the energy deposited in the ionized molecule as a result of the collision. The relation of two experimental techniques and theory shows a strong correlation between the excited states of the ionized molecule with the computed dissociation pathways, as well as with charge localization or delocalization, We thank F. Noury, S. Guillous, R. Richter, M. Coreno, and K. Prince for support as well as L. J. Avaldi for advice in the statistical analysis of the data. We acknowledge the allocation of computer time at the Centro de Computación Científica at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CCCUAM). This work was partially supported by the projects FIS2013-42002-R and CTQ2013-43698-P (MINECO), NANOFRONTMAG (CAM), PHC Galilée 28137PE, and an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council XCHEM No. 290853. Research was conducted in the framework of the International Associated Laboratory (LIA) “Fragmentation dynamics of complex molecular systems—DYNAMO” and in the COST actions XLIC (CM1204) and Nano-IBCT (MP1002). D. G. P. acknowledges the FPI grant of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. S. D.-T. gratefully acknowledges the “Ramón y Cajal” program of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia
Published: 2016

30. The virtual atomic and molecular data centre (VAMDC) consortium

Author: J. de Urquijo, Fabien Daniel, E. Roueff, V.I. Perevalov, Sergey Pancheshnyi, E. Krishnakumar, Bernard Schmitt, A. J. Markwick, Guy Rixon, Sylvain Maclot, Pascal Quinet, Iouli E. Gordon, G. Del Zanna, Brian J. Drouin, Christian P. Endres, Stephan Schlemmer, Bobby Antony, Paul Scheier, Milan S. Dimitrijević, Yu. Ralchenko, Oleg Zatsarinny, Thierry Louge, Alicja Domaracka, N. Moreau, M. L. Dubernet, Veljko Vujčić, Yu. V. Pakhomov, Tom J. Millar, Pierre Gratier, Tatiana Ryabchikova, Hyun-Kyung Chung, A. Kasprzak, Helen E. Mason, Yu L. Babikov, Patrick Palmeri, Vl.G. Tyuterev, Ernesto Quintas-Sánchez, Giuseppe Leto, C. Joblin, Vincent Boudon, Alexander Fazliev, Christian Hill, Nigel J. Mason, C. J. Zeippen, D. Jevremović, Ulrike Heiter, Valentine Wakelam, S.A. Tashkun, Laurence S. Rothman, Giacomo Mulas, Nikolai Piskunov, P. A. Loboda, Anatolij A. Mihajlov, Jonathan Tennyson, N. A. Walton, Klaus Bartschat, Franck Delahaye, Johannes Postler, S. V. Gagarin, Y. J. Rhee, Claudio Mendoza, Carlo Maria Zwölf, M. Doronin, Sylvie Sahal-Bréchot, T. Marquart, Bastiaan J. Braams, Yaye Awa Ba, Bratislav P. Marinković, E. Stempels, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Católica de Brasília=Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), I. Physikalisches Institut [Köln], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, IMEC (IMEC), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), AMOR 2016, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Uppsala University, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Fruit Research Institute, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies (TAGEM), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Department of Astronomy and Space Physics [Uppsala], Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Actifs (LMPA), Département de recherche sur les Procédés et Matériaux pour les Environnements complexes (DPME), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École polytechnique (X), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy [Tomsk] (LTS), V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS)-Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], IPNAS, Université de Liège, Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik - Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität zu Köln, Univ Toulouse UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31062 Toulouse 9, France, Centre Etud Spatiale Rayonnements Toulouse, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de recherche sur les technologies pour l'enrichissement, le démantèlement et les déchets (DE2D), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: spectroscopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, databases, астрофизика, спектроскопия, Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics, Nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, World Wide Web, 0103 physical sciences, molecules, kinetic data, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, кинетические данные, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], atoms, astrophysics, business.industry, базы ядерных данных, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Molecular Databases, Data center, Atom- och molekylfysik och optik, Astronomical spectra, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) Consortium is a worldwide consortium which federates atomic and molecular databases through an e-science infrastructure and an organisation to support this activity. About 90% of the inter-connected databases handle data that are used for the interpretation of astronomical spectra and for modelling in many fields of astrophysics. Recently the VAMDC Consortium has connected databases from the radiation damage and the plasma communities, as well as promoting the publication of data from Indian institutes. This paper describes how the VAMDC Consortium is organised for the optimal distribution of atomic and molecular data for scientific research. It is noted that the VAMDC Consortium strongly advocates that authors of research papers using data cite the original experimental and theoretical papers as well as the relevant databases.
Published: 2016

31. Formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons in interstellar ice analogues by cosmic rays

Author: Diana P. P. Andrade, Philippe Boduch, Hermann Rothard, E. F. da Silveira, Sergio Pilling, and Alicja Domaracka
Subjects: Physics, Astrochemistry, Cyclohexane, Interstellar ice, Cyclohexene, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Aromaticity, 010402 general chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Hexene, 0103 physical sciences, Physical chemistry, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: The formation of C=C and C≡C bonds from the processing of pure c-C6H12 (cyclo- hexane) and mixed H2O:NH3:c-C6H12 (1:0.3:0.7) ices by highly-charged, and energetic ions (219 MeV 16 O 7+ and 632 MeV 58 Ni 24+ ) is studied. The experiments simulate the physical chemistry induced by medium-mass and heavy-ion cosmic rays in interstellar ices analogs. The measurements were performed inside a high vacuum chamber at the heavy-ion acceler- ator GANIL (Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds) i n Caen, France. The gas samples were deposited onto a polished CsI substrate previously cooled to 13 K. In-situ analysis was performed by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry at different ion fluences. Dis- sociation cross section of cyclohexane and its half-life in astrophysical environments were determined. A comparison between spectra of bombarded ices and young stellar sources in- dicates that the initial composition of grains in theses env ironments should contain a mixture of H2O, NH3, CO (or CO2), simple alkanes, and CH3OH. Several species containing double or triple bounds were identified in the radiochemical produc ts, such as hexene, cyclohexene, benzene, OCN − , CO, CO2, as well as several aliphatic and aromatic alkenes and alkynes. The results suggest an alternative scenario for the product ion of unsaturated hydrocarbons and possibly aromatic rings (via dehydrogenation processes) in interstellar ices induced by cosmic ray bombardment.
Published: 2012

32. Low-energy ions interacting with anthracene molecules and clusters

Author: J. Y. Chesnel, Henning Zettergren, Alicja Domaracka, Lamri Adoui, Patrick Rousseau, Henrik Cederquist, Jimmy Rangama, Anne I. S. Holm, Stefan Rosén, A. Méry, Bruno Manil, E. Lattouf, Henning T. Schmidt, Bernd A. Huber, R. Maisonny, Sylvain Maclot, M. Capron, H. A. B. Johansson, A. Ławicki, F. Seitz, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AlbaNova University Center, Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Chemical ionization, Anthracene, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Molecular physics, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, chemistry, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electron ionization
Abstract: The interaction of slow ions ( v ∼ 0.4 a.u. ) with a small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, namely anthracene (C 14 H 10 ), is studied in the gas-phase either with the isolated molecule or with a pure cluster target. We discuss the ionization and fragmentation of the molecule with respect to the projectile charge state, i.e. for singly charged He + ions and for multiply charged Xe 20+ ions. For the isolated C 14 H 10 , single or multiple ionization of the molecule occurs under ion impact. The (multi) cation relative yields are compared with those obtained by other ionization methods (electron and fs-laser). The molecular dissociation occurs by loss of hydrogen and small hydrocarbon molecules, leading to the formation of C n H x cations. The interaction of Xe 20+ with C 14 H 10 clusters gives surprising results, i.e. the emission of hotter monomer compared to the interaction with He + .
Published: 2012

33. Radiolysis and sputtering of carbon dioxide ice induced by swift Ti, Ni, and Xe ions

Author: Alicja Domaracka, Ph. Boduch, X. Y. Lv, Vinicius Bordalo, Markus Bender, Christina Trautmann, Daniel Severin, R. Martinez, C. Mejia, Hermann Rothard, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Federal University of Amapà, Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Absorption spectroscopy, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Radiation chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Ion, Interstellar medium, 13. Climate action, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Radiolysis, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Stopping power (particle radiation), ddc:530, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Solid carbon dioxide (CO2) is found in several bodies of the solar system, the interstellar medium (ISM) and young stellar objects, where it is exposed to cosmic and stellar wind radiation. Here, the chemical and physical modifications induced by heavy ion irradiation of pure solid CO2 at low temperature (T = 15–30 K) are analyzed. The experiments were performed with Ti (550 MeV) and Xe (630 MeV) ions at the UNILAC of GSI/Darmstadt and with Ni ions (46 and 52 MeV) at IRRSUD of GANIL/Caen. The evolution of the thin CO2 ice films (deposited on a CsI window) was monitored by mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). The dissociation rate of CO2, determined from the fluence dependence of the IR absorption peak intensity, is found to be proportional to the electronic stopping power Se. We also confirm that the sputtering yield shows a quadric increase with electronic stopping power. Furthermore, the production rates of daughter molecules such as CO, CO3 and O3 were found to be linear in Se.
Published: 2015

34. Molecular Growth Inside of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Clusters Induced by Ion Collisions

Author: Henrik Cederquist, Fernando Martín, Henning Zettergren, Mark H. Stockett, Sylvain Maclot, Bernd A. Huber, Tao Chen, Patrick Rousseau, Yang Wang, R. Delaunay, Alicja Domaracka, Michael Gatchell, Lamri Adoui, Manuel Alcamí, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Departamento de Qímica, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Qímica, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Collisions of ions and atomic/molecular targets, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ion, Molecular dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Molecule, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs, Reactivity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], chemistry, 13. Climate action, Chemical physics, Cluster, Yield (chemistry), Pyrene, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Atomic physics
Abstract: International audience; The present work combines experimental and theoretical studies of the collision between keV ion projectiles and clusters of pyrene, one of the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Intracluster growth processes induced by ion collisions lead to the formation of a wide range of new molecules with masses larger than that of the pyrene molecule. The efficiency of these processes is found to strongly depend on the mass and velocity of the incoming projectile. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of the entire collision process—from the ion impact (nuclear scattering) to the formation of new molecular species—reproduce the essential features of the measured molecular growth process and also yield estimates of the related absolute cross sections. More elaborate density functional tight binding calculations yield the same growth products as the classical simulations. The present results could be relevant to understand the physical chemistry of the PAH-rich upper atmosphere of Saturn’s moon Titan.
Published: 2015

35. Heavy ion irradiation of crystalline water ice - Cosmic ray amorphisation cross-section and sputtering yield

Author: E. F. da Silveira, Alicja Domaracka, Emmanuel Dartois, B. Augé, J. J. Ding, X. Y. Lv, Rosario Brunetto, Philippe Boduch, O. Kamalou, Hermann Rothard, J.C. Thomas, Marin Chabot, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Context (language use), Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Fluence, Physics::Geophysics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], cosmic rays – dust, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Amorphous solid, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, extinction – astrochemistry – molecular processes – solid state: volatile – ISM: abundances, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics
Abstract: Expérience GANIL/IRSSUD/SME/LISE; International audience; Under cosmic irradiation, the interstellar water ice mantles evolve towards a compact amorphous state. Crystalline ice amorphisationwas previously monitored mainly in the keV to hundreds of keV ion energies.Aims. We experimentally investigate heavy ion irradiation amorphisation of crystalline ice, at high energies closer to true cosmic rays,and explore the water-ice sputtering yield.Methods. We irradiated thin crystalline ice films with MeV to GeV swift ion beams, produced at the GANIL accelerator. The iceinfrared spectral evolution as a function of fluence is monitored with in-situ infrared spectroscopy (induced amorphisation of theinitial crystalline state into a compact amorphous phase).Results. The crystalline ice amorphisation cross-section is measured in the high electronic stopping-power range for different temperatures.At large fluence, the ice sputtering is measured on the infrared spectra, and the fitted sputtering-yield dependence, combinedwith previous measurements, is quadratic over three decades of electronic stopping power.Conclusions. The final state of cosmic ray irradiation for porous amorphous and crystalline ice, as monitored by infrared spectroscopy,is the same, but with a large difference in cross-section, hence in time scale in an astrophysical context. The cosmic ray water-icesputtering rates compete with the UV photodesorption yields reported in the literature. The prevalence of direct cosmic ray sputteringover cosmic-ray induced photons photodesorption may be particularly true for ices strongly bonded to the ice mantles surfaces, suchas hydrogen-bonded ice structures or more generally the so-called polar ices.
Published: 2015

36. Compaction of porous ices rich in water by swift heavy ions

Author: C. Mejía, Philippe Boduch, A. L. F. de Barros, Emmanuel Dartois, Alicja Domaracka, E. F. da Silveira, Hermann Rothard, E. Seperuelo Duarte, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Disciplinas Basicas e Gerais (CEFET-RJ), CEFET-RJ, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: Materials science, Ion beam, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Compaction, Analytical chemistry, Dangling bond, Infrared spectroscopy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Absorbance, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Atomic physics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Porous water ice and water ice mixtures H 2 O:X (X = CO, CO 2 and CH 4 ) produced at 15 K, with film thicknesses in the 0.5–1 μm range, were irradiated by swift ions and monitored by mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis of the evolution of the pure water ice infrared absorption on ion beam dose reveals a strong correlation among three quantities: (i) the absorbance of the most intense band (3250 cm −1 ), (ii) the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of this band and (iii) the absorbance of the OH-dangling bonds. This correlation is interpreted as indications of the water ice compaction by irradiation: as the beam fluence increases, the ice porosity decreases, the dangling bond peaks collapse and the area and position of the 3250 cm −1 band vary exponentially, all of them evolving with the same compaction cross section ( σ c ). The linear dependence σ c ∝ S e ( S e being the electronic stopping power) is observed for both pure and mixed water ices, confirming previous results. We suggests that the infrared absorption A -value varies with dose as ( 1 - ζ e - D / D 0 ) during the compaction process ( D 0 = 0.2 eV/molec being the effective energy density to eliminate the OH-db, and ζ is a parameter characterizing the porosity). These findings may be used as a diagnostic tool to probe the morphology of water ices occurring in the outer Solar System and in the ISM.
Published: 2015

37. Formation of H2 from internally heated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Excitation energy dependence

Author: Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Mark H. Stockett, Lamri Adoui, Henning T. Schmidt, Alicja Domaracka, Henning Zettergren, R. Delaunay, Tao Chen, Henrik Cederquist, Bernd A. Huber, Michael Gatchell, Elisabetta R. Micelotta, Patrick Rousseau, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Leiden
Subjects: Hydrogen, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Collisions of ions and atomic/molecular targets, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Fragmentation, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, Collisions, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], Lyman limit, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Excited state, Mass spectrum, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Atomic physics, Excitation
Abstract: International audience; We have investigated the effectiveness of molecular hydrogen (H-2) formation from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are internally heated by collisions with keV ions. The present and earlier experimental results are analyzed in view of molecular structure calculations and a simple collision model. We estimate that H-2 formation becomes important for internal PAH temperatures exceeding about 2200 K, regardless of the PAH size and the excitation agent. This suggests that keV ions may effectively induce such reactions, while they are unlikely due to, e.g., absorption of single photons with energies below the Lyman limit. The present analysis also suggests that H-2 emission is correlated with multi-fragmentation processes, which means that the [PAH-2H](+) peak intensities in the mass spectra may not be used for estimating H-2-formation rates.
Published: 2015

38. Diamond surface modification following thermal etching of Si supported hydrogenated diamond films by DBr

Author: M. Bertin, A. Domaracka, R. Azria, D. Pliszka, A. Lafosse, Laboratoire des collisions atomiques et moléculaires (LCAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), and Geurts, Mireille
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, Annealing (metallurgy), Material properties of diamond, chemistry.chemical_element, High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Silicon carbide, 010306 general physics, business.industry, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], engineering, Surface modification, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: In this work, we study the modification of hydrogenated diamond films deposited on silicon resulting from its exposure to DBr followed by an annealing above 600 K, using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). This procedure results in silicon carbide SiC formation within the diamond film, as evidenced by the observation of a loss peak at 117 meV and its first harmonic at 233 meV in HREEL spectra. This diamond surface modification is interpreted as resulting from the reaction of products of the silicon support thermally activated etching with hydrogenated diamond.
Published: 2006

39. Swift heavy ion modifications of astrophysical water ice

Author: Rosario Brunetto, B. Augé, C. Mejía, Philippe Boduch, Thomas Pino, Marin Chabot, Alicja Domaracka, A. L. F. de Barros, Hermann Rothard, J. J. Ding, X. Y. Lv, M. Godard, O. Kamalou, J. C. Thomas, Emmanuel Dartois, E. Frota da Silveira, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM AS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris-Saclay-Univ. Paris-Sud-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrochemistry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Interstellar cloud, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Molecular processes, Astrobiology, Swift heavy ion, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Interstellar medium abundances, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Cosmic rays, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cosmic dust, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Interstellar ice, Galaxy, 13. Climate action, Interstellar dust
Abstract: International audience; In the relatively shielded environments provided by interstellar dense clouds in our Galaxy, infraredastronomical observations have early revealed the presence of low temperature (10–100 K) ice mantlescovering tiny grain ‘‘cores” composed of more refractory material. These ices are of specific interestbecause they constitute an interface between a solid phase under complex evolution triggered by energeticprocesses and surface reactions, with a rich chemistry taking place in the gas phase. The interstellarice mantles present in these environments are immersed, in addition to other existing radiations fields, ina flux of cosmic ray particles that can produce new species via radiolysis processes, but first affects theirstructure, which may change and also induces desorption of molecules and radicals from these grains.Theses cosmic rays are simulated by swift ions in the laboratory for a better understanding of astrophysicalprocesses.
Published: 2014

40. Non-statistical fragmentation of PAHs and fullerenes in collisions with atoms

Author: Henrik Cederquist, Alicja Domaracka, Yang Wang, Henning Zettergren, J. Y. Chesnel, Bernd A. Huber, Patrick Rousseau, Fernando Martín, Manuel Alcamí, Kostiantyn Kulyk, Mark H. Stockett, Henning T. Schmidt, A. Méry, Tao Chen, Sylvain Maclot, Michael Gatchell, Kristian Støchkel, Lamri Adoui, Preben Hvelplund, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Departamento de Qímica, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Qímica, Insituto Madrilẽno de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Fullerene, Hydrogen, Knockout, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Ion, symbols.namesake, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Molecule, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Physics::Chemical Physics, 010306 general physics, Molecular fusion, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Non-statistical fragmentation, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], PAH, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Ion collisions, chemistry, Chemical physics, Covalent bond, symbols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Atomic physics, van der Waals force, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Non-statistical fragmentation processes may be important when Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs), fullerenes, or other large complex molecules collide with atoms and atomic ions. For collisions with hydrogen or helium this occurs for center-of-mass energies between a few tens to a few hundreds of electron volts and typically results in losses of single atoms. In such processes one forms much more reactive fragments than in statistical fragmentation, which instead are dominated by losses of C2- or C2H2-molecules (H-atoms) from fullerenes and PAHs, respectively. An enhanced reactivity has recently been demonstrated for van der Waals clusters of C60 molecules where prompt knockouts of single C-atoms from one of the fullerenes yield highly reactive C59+ fragments, which easily form covalent bonds with a C60 molecule inside the clusters.
Published: 2014

41. Bond formation in C+59-C60 collisions

Author: Jean-Yves Chesnel, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, Michael Gatchell, Yang Wang, Bernd A. Huber, Jimmy Rangama, Violaine Vizcaino, Mark H. Stockett, Manuel Alcamí, F. Seitz, J. C. Poully, F. Martín, John D. Alexander, S. Maclot, Henrik Cederquist, Patrick Rousseau, A. Méry, Henning Zettergren, M. Capron, Tao Chen, Henning T. Schmidt, Alicja Domaracka, Lamri Adoui, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departemento de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and Universiteit Leiden
Subjects: History, Fusion, Fullerene, Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Bond formation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, Ion, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Cluster (physics), Molecule, Dumbbell, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; In this work, we show that keV-ions are able to remove single carbon atoms from individual fullerenes in clusters of C60 molecules. This very efficiently leads to the formation of exotic C+119 dumbbell molecules through secondary C+59 + C60 collisions within the fragmenting cluster. Such molecular fusion processes are inherently different from those induced by photons where only products with even numbers of carbon atoms are observed. Thus, ion collisions ignite unique and hitherto overlooked secondary reactions in small aggregates of matter. This relates to the question on how complex molecules may form in e.g. space.
Published: 2014

42. CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF PURE AMMONIA AND AMMONIA-WATER ICES INDUCED BY HEAVY IONS

Author: E. Seperuelo Duarte, X. Y. Lv, E. F. da Silveira, Philippe Boduch, Vinicius Bordalo, Hermann Rothard, Alicja Domaracka, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrazine, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonia, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Radiolysis, Nitrogen dioxide, Irradiation, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Cosmic rays are possibly the main agents to prevent the freeze-out of molecules onto grain surfaces in cold dense clouds. Ammonia (NH3) is one of the most abundant molecules present in dust ice mantles, with a concentration of up to 15% relative to water (H2O). FTIR spectroscopy is used to monitor pure NH3 and NH3-H2 Oi ce samples as they are irradiated with Ni and Zn ion beams (500-600 MeV) at GANIL/France. New species, such as hydrazine (N2H4), diazene (N2H2 isomers), molecular hydrogen (H2), and nitrogen (N2) were identified after irradiation of pure NH3 ices. Nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) are some of the products of the NH3-H2O ice radiolysis. The spectral band at 6.85 μm was observed after irradiation of both types of ice. Besides the likely contribution of ammonium (NH + ) and amino (NH2) radicals, data suggest a small contribution of NH2OH to this band profile after high fluences of irradiation of NH3-H2O ices. The spectral shift of the NH3 "umbrella" mode (9.3 μm) band is parameterized as a function of NH3/H2O ratio in amorphous ices. Ammonia and water destruction cross-sections are obtained, as well as the rate of NH3-H2O (1:10) ice compaction, measured by the OH dangling bond destruction cross-section. Ammonia destruction is enhanced in the presence of H2O in the ice and a power law relationship between stopping power and NH3 destruction cross-section is verified. Such results may provide relevant information for the evolution of molecular species in dense molecular clouds.
Published: 2013

43. Ions colliding with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon clusters

Author: A. Méry, Henrik Cederquist, M. Capron, A. Ławicki, Lamri Adoui, Jimmy Rangama, Bernd A. Huber, John D. Alexander, Bruno Manil, Mark H. Stockett, J. Y. Chesnel, Michael Gatchell, Henning Zettergren, Sylvain Maclot, Tao Chen, Henning T. Schmidt, Patrick Rousseau, R. Maisonny, Alicja Domaracka, F. Seitz, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Chemistry, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Ionization, Intramolecular force, 0103 physical sciences, Coulomb, Molecule, Physics::Chemical Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We have measured the ionization and fragmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and their clusters. We find that PAH clusters containing up to roughly 100 individual molecules fragment strongly following collisions with keV ions in low or high charge states (q). For both types of collisions, singly charged PAH molecules are found to be the dominant products but for very different reasons. A high-q ion projectile charge leads to strong multiple ionization of the PAH clusters and subsequent Coulomb explosions. A low-q ion projectile charge often leads to single ionization but stronger internal heating and long evaporation sequences with a singly charged PAH monomer as the end product. We have developed a Monte Carlo method for collision-induced heating of PAH clusters and present an evaporation model where the clusters cool slowly as most of the internal energies are stored in intramolecular vibrations and not in molecule-molecule vibrations.
Published: 2013

44. Formations of DumbbellC118andC119inside Clusters ofC60Molecules by Collision withαParticles

Author: F. Martín, Jimmy Rangama, Jean-Christophe Poully, Yang Wang, Michael Gatchell, Bernd A. Huber, Jean-Yves Chesnel, A. Méry, Henning Zettergren, Manuel Alcamí, John D. Alexander, Mark H. Stockett, Sylvain Maclot, Henning T. Schmidt, Henrik Cederquist, Alicja Domaracka, Lamri Adoui, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, F. Seitz, Tao Chen, M. Capron, and Patrick Rousseau
Subjects: Physics, Research council, European research, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, α particles, Humanities
Abstract: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (Contracts No. 621-2008-3773, No. 621-2009- 3468, and No. 621-2011-4047). The work is partially supported by the Projects No. FIS2010-15127, No. CTQ2010-17006 CSD2007-00010 (MICINN), No. S2009/MAT1726 (CAM), and the CNRS PICS-05356. Studies of interstellar chemistry at Leiden Observatory are supported through advanced-ERC Grant No. 246976 from the European Research Council, through a grant by the Dutch Science Agency, NWO, as part of the Dutch Astrochemistry Network, and through the Spinoza premie from the Dutch Science Agency, NWO
Published: 2013

45. Chemical reactions induced in frozen formic acid by heavy ion cosmic rays

Author: Enio F. da Silveira, Philippe Boduch, Diana P. P. Andrade, Alicja Domaracka, Ana L. F. de Barros, Sergio Pilling, Hermann Rothard, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro) ( CEFET/RJ), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Formic acid, Analytical chemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 010402 general chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical species, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Yield (chemistry), 0103 physical sciences, Radiolysis, Molecule, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We studied the effects produced by the interaction of heavy ion cosmic rays with interstellar and cometary organic molecules in the solid phase. Formic acid (HCOOH) ice at 15 K was irradiated by 267-MeV 56Fe22+ ions and the chemical evolution was analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The destruction cross-section of HCOOH and the formation cross-sections of the produced molecular species have been determined; the sputtering yield values are also discussed. The most abundant chemical species formed by Fe ion irradiation are CO, CO2 and H2O. The half-life of frozen formic acid molecules in the interstellar medium, as a result of interaction with the different cosmic ray constituents, is evaluated to be 108 yr, considering that the destruction cross-section σ d of heavy ions is ruled by a power law as a function of the electronic stopping power Se (i.e. σd ∼ S3/2 e ). Moreover, a complementary study based on mass spectrometry data from the literature has been performed, in order to understand the HCOOH molecule radiolysis, the desorption of its product and the chemical reaction pathways in ice.
Published: 2013

46. Ions colliding with clusters of fullerenes - Decay pathways and covalent bond formations

Author: Henrik Cederquist, Henning T. Schmidt, Yang Wang, Bernd A. Huber, Manuel Alcamí, Jimmy Rangama, J. Y. Chesnel, Violaine Vizcaino, Fernando Martín, A. Méry, John Alexander, Mark H. Stockett, Alicja Domaracka, Patrick Rousseau, Lamri Adoui, Michael Gatchell, Henning Zettergren, Sylvain Maclot, F. Seitz, Tao Chen, Alexander G. G. M. Tielens, M. Capron, J. C. Poully, UAM. Departamento de Química, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Physics [Vienna] (TU Wien), Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China (IMP), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), AlbaNova University Center, Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: COLLISIONS, BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, CROSS-SECTIONS, HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS, ATOMS, symbols.namesake, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Cluster (physics), Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Chemistry, Química, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chemical bond, 13. Climate action, GAS, Excited state, symbols, GROWTH, van der Waals force, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, C-60
Abstract: The following article appeared in Journal of Chemical Physics 139.3 (2013): 034309 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/139/3/10.1063/1.4812790, We report experimental results for the ionization and fragmentation of weakly bound van der Waals clusters of n C60 molecules following collisions with Ar2+, He2+, and Xe20+ at laboratory kinetic energies of 13 keV, 22.5 keV, and 300 keV, respectively. Intact singly charged C60 monomers are the dominant reaction products in all three cases and this is accounted for by means of Monte Carlo calculations of energy transfer processes and a simple Arrhenius-type [C60]n+ → C60++(n-1) C60 evaporation model. Excitation energies in the range of only ∼0.7 eV per C60 molecule in a [C60]13 + cluster are sufficient for complete evaporation and such low energies correspond to ion trajectories far outside the clusters. Still we observe singly and even doubly charged intact cluster ions which stem from even more distant collisions. For penetrating collisions the clusters become multiply charged and some of the individual molecules may be promptly fragmented in direct knock-out processes leading to efficient formations of new covalent systems. For Ar2 + and He2 + collisions, we observe very efficient C119+ and C118+ formation and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that they are covalent dumb-bell systems due to bonding between C59+ or C58+ and C60 during cluster fragmentation. In the Ar 2+ case, it is possible to form even smaller C120-2m+ molecules (m = 2-7), while no molecular fusion reactions are observed for the present Xe20+ collisions, This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (Contract Nos. 621-2008-3773, 621-2009-3468, and 621- 2011-4047). The authors thank Fabien Noury and Stephane Guillous for supplying the ion beam. We acknowledge the COST action CM1204 “XUV/X-ray light and fast ions for ultrafast chemistry (XLIC)” and computer time from CCCUAM and BSC Mare Nostrum. Work partially supported by Project Nos. FIS2010-15127, CTQ2010-17006, CSD2007- 00010 (MICINN), S2009/MAT1726 (CAM), and the CNRS PICS-05356. Studies of interstellar chemistry at Leiden Observatory are supported through advanced-ERC grant (Grant No. 246976) from the European Research Council, through a grant by the Dutch Science Agency, NWO, as part of the Dutch Astrochemistry Network, and through the Spinoza premie from the Dutch Science Agency, NWO
Published: 2013

47. Swift heavy ion irradiation of water ice from MeV to GeV energies : Approaching true cosmic ray compaction

Author: J. C. Thomas, Thomas Pino, E. F. da Silveira, Marin Chabot, Hermann Rothard, Rosario Brunetto, C. F. Mejía Guamán, Alicja Domaracka, Emmanuel Dartois, M. Godard, A. L. F. de Barros, Philippe Boduch, J. J. Ding, X. Y. Lv, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Physics::Geophysics, Swift heavy ion, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, extinction, Interstellar ice, Dangling bond, Astronomy and Astrophysics, line: profiles, ISM: molecules, Amorphous solid, molecular processes, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Amorphous ice, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, dust, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Atomic physics
Abstract: Context. Cosmic ray ion irradiation affects the chemical composition of and triggers physical changes in interstellar ice mantles in space. One of the primary structural changes induced is the loss of porosity, and the mantles evolve toward a more compact amorphous state. Previously, ice compaction was monitored at low to moderate ion energies. The existence of a compaction threshold in stopping power has been suggested.Aims. In this article we experimentally study the effect of heavy ion irradiation at energies closer to true cosmic rays. This minimises extrapolation and allows a regime where electronic interaction always dominates to be explored, providing the ice compaction cross section over a wide range of electronic stopping power.Methods. High-energy ion irradiations provided by the GANIL accelerator, from the MeV up to the GeV range, are combined with in-situ infrared spectroscopy monitoring of ice mantles. We follow the IR spectral evolution of the ice as a function of increasing fluence (induced compaction of the initial microporous amorphous ice into a more compact amorphous phase). We use the number of OH dangling bonds of the water molecule, i.e. pending OH bonds not engaged in a hydrogen bond in the initially porous ice structure as a probe of the phase transition. These high-energy experiments are combined with lower energy experiments using light ions (H, He) from other facilities in Catania, Italy, and Washington, USA.Results. We evaluated the cross section for the disappearance of OH dangling bonds as a function of electronic stopping power. A cross-section law in a large energy range that includes data from different ice deposition setups is established. The relevant phase structuring time scale for the ice network is compared to interstellar chemical time scales using an astrophysical model.Conclusions. The presence of a threshold in compaction at low stopping power suggested in some previous works seems not to be confirmed for the high-energy cosmic rays encountered in interstellar space. Ice mantle porosity or pending bonds monitored by the OH dangling bonds is removed efficiently by cosmic rays. As a consequence, this considerably reduces the specific surface area available for surface chemical reactions.
Published: 2013

48. Implantation of multiply charged carbon ions in water ice

Author: Alicja Domaracka, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Robert W. McCullough, C.A. Hunniford, Sergio Pilling, Philippe Boduch, Daniele Fulvio, T. Langlinay, Hermann Rothard, Vinicius Bordalo, Giovanni Strazzulla, Nigel J. Mason, X. Y. Lv, E. F. da Silveira, A. L. F. de Barros, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro) ( CEFET/RJ), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ion beam, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Icy moon, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ion, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Atomic physics, Penetration depth, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Carbon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Context. Several objects in the Solar System like Europa, Ganymede and Callisto have frozen surface (main component: H2O). The associated thickness is bigger than the penetration depth of the relevant projectile ions. Additionally, other species such as H2O2, SO2 and CO2 have been detected on these surface. The formation mechanisms of these molecules are still under discussion.\ud \ud Aims. We present new experimental results on the implantation of 13Cq+ (q = 2, 3) ions at an energy of 30 keV in water ice at low temperatures (15 and 80 K). Experiments with multiply charged ions at energies of tens of keV are particularly relevant to simulating the complexity of the irradiation environment to which the surfaces of the icy moons in the outer solar system are exposed.\ud \ud Methods. The experiments were performed at the low energy ion beam facility ARIBE of GANIL in Caen (France). 30 keV 13Cq+ (q =\ud 2, 3) ions have been used to bombard solid H,2O surface which were frozen at 15K and 80K. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) was used to analyze the sample in the 5000 - 600 cm-1 (2-16.7 μm) region with a spectral resolution of 1 cm-1.\ud \ud Results. The results of our experiments indicate that implantation produces 13CO2 with yields in the range of 0.32-0.57 molecules ion-1. This yield seems to be independent of the temperature of the ices in the range studied. We have estimated the time scale necessary to accumulate by implantation of magnetospheric carbon ions the observed quantity of carbon dioxide on the surface of Europa, a Jovian moon. This time scale is of the order of 1.0-1.3x104 yrs which is higher than that evaluated for carbon dioxide production by other relevant processes.\ud \ud Conclusions.We conclude that although a relevant quantity of CO2 can be formed by carbon ion implantation, this is not the dominant formation mechanism at Europa.
Published: 2012

49. Irradiation of nitrogen-rich ices by swift heavy ions

Author: L. Delauche, Alicja Domaracka, Gabriel S. Vignoli Muniz, Emmanuel Dartois, C. Mejía, Philippe Boduch, Cécile Engrand, M. Godard, Jean Duprat, R. Martinez, B. Augé, N. Bardin, and Hermann Rothard
Subjects: Physics, Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Analytical chemistry, Extraterrestrial materials, Infrared spectroscopy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Swift heavy ion, Interplanetary dust cloud, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Context. Extraterrestrial materials, such as meteorites and interplanetary dust particles, provide constraints on the formation and evolution of organic matter in the young solar system. Micrometeorites represent the dominant source of extraterrestrial matter at the Earth’s surface, some of them originating from large heliocentric distances. Recent analyses of ultracarbonaceous micrometeorites recovered from Antarctica (UCAMMs) reveal an unusually nitrogen-rich organic matter. Such nitrogen-rich carbonaceous material could be formed in a N2 -rich environment, at very low temperature, triggered by energetic processes.Aims. Several formation scenarios have been proposed for the formation of the N-rich organic matter observed in UCAMMs. We experimentally evaluate the scenario involving high energy irradiation of icy bodies subsurface orbiting at large heliocentric distances.Methods. The effect of Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) irradiation of ices containing N2 and CH4 was studied in the laboratory. The N2 -CH4 (90:10 and 98:2) ice mixtures were irradiated at 14 K by 44 MeV Ni11+ and 160 MeV Ar15+ swift heavy ion beams. The evolution of the samples was monitored using in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evolution of the initial ice molecules and new species formed were followed as a function of projectile fluence. After irradiation, the target was annealed to room temperature. The solid residue of the whole process left after ice sublimation was characterized in-situ by infrared spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was measured ex-situ.Results. The infrared bands that appear during irradiation allow us to identify molecules and radicals (HCN, CN− , NH3 , ...). The infrared spectra of the solid residues measured at room temperature show similarities with that of UCAMMs. The results point towards the efficient production of a poly-HCN-like residue from the irradiation of N2 -CH4 rich surfaces of icy bodies. The room temperature residue provides a viable precursor for the N-rich organic matter found in UCAMMs.
Published: 2016

50. Chemistry induced by energetic ions in water ice mixed with molecular nitrogen and oxygen

Author: Giovanni Strazzulla, Ph. Boduch, Daniele Fulvio, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Hermann Rothard, Thomas Langlinay, X. Y. Lv, Alicja Domaracka, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extinction (astronomy), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Homonuclear molecule, Ion, Interstellar medium, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Context. Several molecular species have been observed as frozen gases in cold environments such as grains in the interstellar/circumstellar medium or icy objects in the outer solar system. Because N2 and O2 are homonuclear, symmetric molecules are not easily observed. It is therefore relevant to find indirect methods to prove their presence from astronomical observations. Aims. Here we investigate one of the possible indirect methods, namely the formation of specific molecules by cosmic ion bombardment of ices in astrophysical environments that contain O2 and N2. The observation of these molecules in astronomical environments could act as a trojan horse to detect the presence of frozen molecular oxygen and/or nitrogen. Methods. We have conducted ion bombardment experiments of frozen O2 ,H 2O and their mixtures with N2 at the laboratories of CIMAP-GANIL at Caen (France) and LASp at Catania (Italy). Different ions ( 13 C 2+ ,A r 2+ and H + ) and energies (30–200 keV) have been used. Results. We have found that 13 CO2 is formed when carbon ions are implanted in ices containing H2 Oa nd/or O2. Ozone and nitrogen oxides (NO, N2O, NO2) are formed in the studied ices containing O2 and N2 with different relative abundances. Conclusions. We suggest that ozone and nitrogen oxides are present and have to be searched for in some specific environments such as dense clouds in the interstellar medium and the surfaces of Pluto, Charon and Triton. Their observation could demonstrate the presence of molecular oxygen and/or nitrogen. A possible interest for the observations of atmospheres in exo-planetary objects is also discussed.
Published: 2012

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