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1. Generating Two Continuous Entangled Microwave Beams Using a dc-Biased Josephson Junction

Author

Björn Kubala, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Carles Altimiras, Pérola Milman, M. P. Westig, Gerbold Menard, Göran Johansson, Max Hofheinz, Simon Dambach, Fabien Portier, Y. Mukharsky, A. Peugeot, P. Joyez, Joachim Ankerhold, Patrice Roche, Juha Leppäkangas, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Joyez, Philippe, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Institut Quantique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Coherence time, QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum entanglement, Entropy of entanglement, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Resonator, microwave quantum optics, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), ddc:530, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, superconductivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], 0210 nano-technology, entanglement, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), DC bias, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We show experimentally that a dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators emits entangled beams of microwaves leaking out of the resonators. In the absence of a stationary phase reference for characterizing the entanglement of the outgoing beams, we measure second-order coherence functions for proving entanglement up to an emission rate of 2.5 billion photon pairs per second. The experimental results are found in quantitative agreement with theory, proving that the low frequency noise of the dc bias is the main limitation for the coherence time of the entangled beams. This agreement allows us to evaluate the entropy of entanglement of the resonators, and to identify the improvements that could bring this device closer to a useful bright source of entangled microwaves for quantum-technological applications.

Published
2021
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2. Reply to 'Comment on ‘Absence of a Dissipative Quantum Phase Transition in Josephson Junctions'’

Author

Nicolas Bourlet, Carles Altimiras, P. Joyez, Jürgen T. Stockburger, Joachim Ankerhold, Fabien Portier, Hermann Grabert, A. Murani, Daniel Esteve, H. le Sueur, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physikalisches Institut [Freiburg], Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute for Complex Quantum Systems (ICQ), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], ANR-16-CE30-0019,ELODIS2,Electrodynamique des Supraconducteurs Désordonnés(2016), and ANR-18-CE47-0014,SIM-CIRCUIT,Simulation quantique de physique à N-corps avec des circuits hybrides(2018)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum phase transition, Josephson effect, Work (thermodynamics), QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Object (philosophy), 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Dissipative system, Point (geometry), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In their Comment [P. Hakonen and E. B. Sonin, preceding comment, Phys. Rev. X 11, 018001 (2021)PRXHAE2160-3308], Hakonen and Sonin (HS) object to our conclusion on the absence of a dissipation-induced superconducting-to-insulating quantum phase transition (DQPT) in resistively shunted Josephson junctions (RSJJs) originally predicted by Schmid and Bulgadaev (SB). Their objections are based on the account they make of a theory explaining the DQPT in terms of Bloch bands which was developed in the 1980s and early 1990s. In this Reply, we point to several issues in the Comment which undermine the objections HS formulate against our work.

Published
2021
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3. Spatially-resolved decoherence of donor spins in silicon strained by a metallic electrode

Author

Daniel Flanigan, Jarryd J. Pla, Emmanuel Flurin, B. Albanese, John J. L. Morton, V. Ranjan, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, Eric Billaud, Patrice Bertet, Yann-Michel Niquet, Emanuele Albertinale, and Thomas Schenkel

Subjects
Quantum decoherence, QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Spin-½, Physics, Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum sensor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 3. Good health, Quantum technology, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Astronomical and Space Sciences, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

Electron spins are amongst the most coherent solid-state systems known, however, to be used in devices for quantum sensing and information processing applications, they must be typically placed near interfaces. Understanding and mitigating the impacts of such interfaces on the coherence and spectral properties of electron spins is critical to realize such applications, but is also challenging: inferring such data from single-spin studies requires many measurements to obtain meaningful results, while ensemble measurements typically give averaged results that hide critical information. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the coherence of near-surface bismuth donor spins in 28-silicon at millikelvin temperatures. In particular, we use strain-induced frequency shifts caused by a metallic electrode to make spatial maps of spin coherence as a function of depth and position relative to the electrode. By measuring magnetic-field-insensitive clock transitions we separate magnetic noise caused by surface spins from charge noise. Our results include quantitative models of the strain-split spin resonance spectra and extraction of paramagnetic impurity concentrations at the silicon surface. The interplay of these decoherence mechanisms for such near-surface electron spins is critical for their application in quantum technologies, while the combination of the strain splitting and clock transition extends the coherence lifetimes by up to two orders of magnitude, reaching up to 300 ms at a mean depth of only 100nm. The technique we introduce here to spatially map coherence in near-surface ensembles is directly applicable to other spin systems of active interest, such as defects in diamond, silicon carbide, and rare earth ions in optical crystals., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures

Published
2021
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4. Determining the position of a single spin relative to a metallic nanowire

Author

Sébastien Pezzagna, J. F. Da Silva Barbosa, Reinier Heeres, Jan Meijer, Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq, Myoung-Jae Lee, Tokuyuki Teraji, Denis Vion, Yuimaru Kubo, Patrice Bertet, Daniel Esteve, P. Jamonneau, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), QUANTum Information Circuits (QUANTIC), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Universität Leipzig

Subjects
Photon, Materials science, Magnetometer, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paramagnetism, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Spin-½, 010302 applied physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, engineering, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

The nanoscale localization of individual paramagnetic defects near an electrical circuit is an important step for realizing hybrid quantum devices with strong spin-microwave photon coupling. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of an array of individual NV centers in diamond near a metallic nanowire deposited on top of the substrate. We determine the relative position of each NV center with $\sim$10\,nm accuracy, using it as a vector magnetometer to measure the field generated by passing a dc current through the wire., 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020
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5. Radiative cooling of a spin ensemble

Author

Emmanuel Flurin, Marek Pechal, Andreas Wallraff, S. Probst, Christoph W. Zollitsch, John J. L. Morton, Denis Vion, V. Ranjan, Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, B. Albanese, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), London Centre for Nanotechnology, and University College of London [London] (UCL)

Subjects
Thermal equilibrium, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spins, Spin polarization, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Hyperpolarization (physics), 010306 general physics, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Spin (physics), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Microwave cavity
Abstract

Physical systems reach thermal equilibrium through energy exchange with their environment, and for spins in solids the relevant environment is almost always their host lattice. However, recent studies1 motivated by observations by Purcell2 have shown how radiative emission into a microwave cavity can become the dominant relaxation path for spins if the spin–cavity coupling is sufficiently large (such as for small-mode-volume cavities). In this regime, the cavity electromagnetic field overrides the lattice as the dominant environment, inviting the prospect of controlling the spin temperature independently from that of the lattice, by engineering a suitable cavity field. Here, we report on precisely such control over spin temperature, illustrating a novel and universal method to increase the electron spin polarization above its thermal equilibrium value (termed hyperpolarization). By switching the cavity input between resistive loads at different temperatures we can control the electron spin polarization, cooling it below the lattice temperature. Our demonstration uses donor spins in silicon coupled to a superconducting microresonator and we observe more than a twofold increase in spin polarization. This approach provides a general route to signal enhancement in electron spin resonance, or nuclear magnetic resonance through dynamical nuclear spin polarization3,4. Electron spins in solid usually relax their energy through the coupling with phonons in the host lattice. By using the coupling to microwave photons in a cavity as an alternative relaxation path, it is demonstrated that spins can be cooled below the lattice temperature.

Published
2020
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6. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy with femtoliter detection volume

Author

Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, S. Probst, V. Ranjan, Thomas Schenkel, John J. L. Morton, Daniel Esteve, B. Albanese, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] (UCL), and Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Subjects
Materials science, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Resonator, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Resonance, Femtoliter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Spin echo, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We report electron spin resonance measurements of donors in silicon at millikelvin temperatures using a superconducting $LC$ planar micro-resonator and a Josephson Parametric Amplifier. The resonator includes a nanowire inductor, defining a femtoliter detection volume. Due to strain in the substrate, the donor resonance lines are heavily broadened. Single-spin to photon coupling strengths up to $\sim 3~\text{kHz}$ are observed. The single shot sensitivity is $120 \pm 24~$spins/Hahn echo, corresponding to $\approx 12 \pm 3$~spins$/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for repeated acquisition., 4 Figures

Published
2020
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7. Hyperfine spectroscopy in a quantum-limited spectrometer

Author

Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Thierry Chanelière, John J. L. Morton, Philippe Goldner, Miloš Rančić, Marianne Le Dantec, Gengli Zhang, S. Probst, B. Albanese, Andrin Doll, Denis Vion, Zhonghan Zhang, V. Ranjan, Ren-Bao Liu, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], University College of London [London] (UCL), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics [Hong Kong University of Science and Technology], Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)

Subjects
QC501-766, Materials science, Silicon, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Bismuth, Crystal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, Spectroscopy, 010306 general physics, Hyperfine structure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Spectrometer, Spins, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electricity and magnetism, chemistry, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We report measurements of electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) performed at millikelvin temperatures in a custom-built high-sensitivity spectrometer based on superconducting micro-resonators. The high quality factor and small mode volume (down to 0.2pL) of the resonator allow to probe a small number of spins, down to $5\cdot 10^2$. We measure 2-pulse ESEEM on two systems: erbium ions coupled to $^{183}$W nuclei in a natural-abundance $\text{CaWO}_4$ crystal, and bismuth donors coupled to residual $^{29}$Si nuclei in a silicon substrate that was isotopically enriched in the $^{28}$Si isotope. We also measure 3- and 5-pulse ESEEM for the bismuth donors in silicon. Quantitative agreement is obtained for both the hyperfine coupling strength of proximal nuclei, and the nuclear spin concentration., 15 pages, 11 figures

Published
2020
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8. Multimode Storage of Quantum Microwave Fields in Electron Spins over 100 ms

Author

Emanuele Albertinale, Emmanuel Flurin, B. Albanese, John J. L. Morton, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, James O'Sullivan, Thierry Chanelière, Patrice Bertet, Thomas Schenkel, V. Ranjan, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, University College of London [London] (UCL), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, London Centre for Nanotechnology, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231, ANR-19-CE47-0011,MIRESPIN,Interfaces microonde spin de terres rares pour le traitement quantique de l'information(2019), ANR-17-CHIN-0001,NASNIQ,Nouvelle Architecture de Spins Nucléaires pour l'Information Quantique(2017), European Project: 771493,LOQO-MOTIONS, and European Project: 765267,H2020-EU.1.3.1.,QuSCo(2017)

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Spins, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Quantum statistical mechanics, Quantum, Microwave, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

A long-lived multi-mode qubit register is an enabling technology for modular quantum computing architectures. For interfacing with superconducting qubits, such a quantum memory should be able to store incoming quantum microwave fields at the single-photon level for long periods of time, and retrieve them on-demand. Here, we demonstrate the partial absorption of a train of weak microwave fields in an ensemble of bismuth donor spins in silicon, their storage for 100 ms, and their retrieval, using a Hahn-echo-like protocol. The long storage time is obtained by biasing the bismuth donors at a clock transition. Phase coherence and quantum statistics are preserved in the storage., 11 pages including Supplementary

Published
2020
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9. Antibunched Photons Emitted by a dc-Biased Josephson Junction

Author

Fabien Portier, Patrice Roche, P. Joyez, Simon Dambach, Denis Vion, M. P. Westig, H. le Sueur, Chloé Rolland, Joachim Ankerhold, A. Peugeot, Bjoern Kubala, Daniel Esteve, Y. Mukharsky, Carles Altimiras, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), and ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Photon, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Correlation function (quantum field theory), 01 natural sciences, Omega, Characteristic impedance, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, superconductivity, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik, coulomb blockade, Order (ring theory), Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

We show experimentally that a dc biased Josephson junction in series with a high-enough-impedance microwave resonator emits antibunched photons. Our resonator is made of a simple microfabricated spiral coil that resonates at 4.4 GHz and reaches a $1.97\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{k}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ characteristic impedance. The second order correlation function of the power leaking out of the resonator drops down to 0.3 at zero delay, which demonstrates the antibunching of the photons emitted by the circuit at a rate of $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ photons per second. Results are found in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions. This simple scheme could offer an efficient and bright single-photon source in the microwave domain.

Published
2019
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10. Near-quantum-limited amplification from inelastic Cooper-pair tunnelling

Author

Max Hofheinz, F. Blanchet, P. Joyez, Fabien Portier, Dibyendu Hazra, Denis Vion, Salha Jebari, Alexander Grimm, Romain Albert, Daniel Esteve, Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique [Sherbrooke] (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), ANR-07-NANO-0020,MASQUELSPEC,Masqueur électronique pour la centrale de proximité du SPEC(2007), ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016), European Project: 278203,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,WIQOJO(2012), and European Project: 218783,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2007-C,SCOPE(2008)

Subjects
Josephson effect, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Quantum tunnelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Quantum limit, Amplifier, Quantum noise, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Qubit, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

Nature sets fundamental limits regarding how accurate the amplification of analog signals may be. For instance, a linear amplifier unavoidably adds some noise which amounts to half a photon at best. While for most applications much higher noise levels are acceptable, the readout of microwave quantum systems, such as spin or superconducting qubits, requires noise as close as possible to this ultimate limit. To date, it is approached only by parametric amplifiers exploiting non-linearities in superconducting circuits and driven by a strong microwave pump tone. However, this microwave drive makes them much more difficult to implement and operate than conventional DC powered amplifiers, which so far suffer from much higher noise. Here we present the first experimental proof that a simple DC-powered setup allows for amplification close to the quantum limit. Our amplification scheme is based on the stimulated microwave photon emission accompanying inelastic Cooper pair tunneling through a DC-biased Josephson junction, with the key to low noise lying in a well defined auxiliary idler mode, in analogy to parametric amplifiers., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018
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11. Erratum: Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations of a Tunnel Junction Driven by a Quantum Circuit [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 126801 (2015)]

Author

Carles Altimiras, Pascal Simon, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Olivier Parlavecchio, Inès Safi, Patrice Roche, P. Joyez, Jean-Rene Souquet, and Fabien Portier

Subjects
Physics, Quantum circuit, Tunnel junction, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Dissipation, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.126801.

Published
2017

12. Magnetic Resonance with Squeezed Microwaves

Author

Alexander Holm Kiilerich, John J. L. Morton, Jarryd J. Pla, Xin Zhou, Daniel Esteve, Audrey Bienfait, Patrice Bertet, Klaus Moelmer, Thomas Schenkel, S. Probst, Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq, Denis Vion, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), University of New South Wales [Canberra Campus] (UNSW), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom, and University College of London [London] (UCL)

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER, Magnetism, QC1-999, Vacuum state, General Physics and Astronomy, QUANTUM LIMIT, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, NOISE, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Quantum metrology, 010306 general physics, Quantum fluctuation, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 3. Good health, LIGHT, STATES, CAVITY, Quantum Information, Vacuum level, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave, INTERFEROMETER, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

Vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field set a fundamental limit to the sensitivity of a variety of measurements, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report the use of squeezed microwave fields, which are engineered quantum states of light for which fluctuations in one field quadrature are reduced below the vacuum level, to enhance the detection sensitivity of an ensemble of electronic spins at millikelvin temperatures.} By shining a squeezed vacuum state on the input port of a microwave resonator containing the spins, we obtain a $1.2$\,dB noise reduction at the spectrometer output compared to the case of a vacuum input. This result constitutes a proof of principle of the application of quantum metrology to magnetic resonance spectroscopy., Comment: Main text : 19 pages, 6 figures. Followed by a 18-pages Supplementary Information section, which includes 6 Supplementary Figures

Published
2017
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13. Exciting Andreev pairs in a superconducting atomic contact

Author

Daniel Esteve, Cristian Urbina, Landry Bretheau, Caglar Girit, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Josephson effect, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Andreev reflection, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Pi Josephson junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, supercurrent, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Superconductivity, Multidisciplinary, Andreev bound states, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, weak links, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Excited state, Superconducting tunnel junction, qubits, 0210 nano-technology, Superconducting quantum computing
Abstract

The Josephson effect describes the flow of supercurrent in a weak link, such as a tunnel junction, nanowire, or molecule, between two superconductors. It is the basis for a variety of circuits and devices, with applications ranging from medicine to quantum information. Currently, experiments using Josephson circuits that behave like artificial atoms are revolutionizing the way we probe and exploit the laws of quantum physics. Microscopically, the supercurrent is carried by Andreev pair states, which are localized at the weak link. These states come in doublets and have energies inside the superconducting gap. Existing Josephson circuits are based on properties of just the ground state of each doublet and so far the excited states have not been directly detected. Here we establish their existence through spectroscopic measurements of superconducting atomic contacts. The spectra, which depend on the atomic configuration and on the phase difference between the superconductors, are in complete agreement with theory. Andreev doublets could be exploited to encode information in novel types of superconducting qubits., Submitted to Nature

Published
2013
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14. Inductive-detection electron-spin resonance spectroscopy with 65 spins/ Hz sensitivity

Author

John J. L. Morton, Patrice Bertet, Jarryd J. Pla, Denis Vion, Klaus Mølmer, Thomas Schenkel, Reinier Heeres, Philippe Campagne-Ibarcq, S. Probst, Audrey Bienfait, Daniel Esteve, J. F. Da Silva Barbosa, B. Albanese, Quantronics Group ( QUANTRONICS ), Service de physique de l'état condensé ( SPEC - UMR3680 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Yale University [New Haven], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and University College of London [London] (UCL)

Subjects
Technology, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Engineering, law, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Applied Physics, Physics, Superconductivity, Spins, Spectrometer, Resonator mode, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Physical Sciences, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Atomic physics, Parametric oscillator, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

© 2017 Author(s). We report electron spin resonance spectroscopy measurements performed at millikelvin temperatures in a custom-built spectrometer comprising a superconducting micro-resonator at 7 GHz and a Josephson parametric amplifier. Owing to the small (∼10-12λ3) magnetic resonator mode volume and to the low noise of the parametric amplifier, the spectrometer's single shot sensitivity reaches 260 ± 40 spins/echo translating into 65±10 spins/√Hz for repeated acquisition.

Published
2017
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15. Emission of Nonclassical Radiation by Inelastic Cooper Pair Tunneling

Author

P. Joyez, Denis Vion, Y. Mukharsky, Patrice Roche, Bjoern Kubala, Joachim Ankerhold, Fabien Portier, Daniel Esteve, O. Parlavecchio, Mircea Trif, Carles Altimiras, Pascal Simon, M. P. Westig, Max Hofheinz, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Complex Quantum Systems (ICQ), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut für Theoretische Physik (ITP), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE92-0033,JosePhSCharLi,Du tranpsort électrique quantique à l'optique Quantique: photonique Josephson en régime de couplage fort(2016)

Subjects
Josephson effect, Photon, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Classical limit, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Light emission, Atomic physics, Cooper pair, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

International audience; We show that a properly dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators of different frequencies emits photon pairs in the resonators. By measuring auto- and intercorrelations of the power leaking out of the resonators, we demonstrate two-mode amplitude squeezing below the classical limit. This nonclassical microwave light emission is found to be in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions, up to an emission rate of 2 billion photon pairs per second.

Published
2017
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16. Manipulating Fock states of a harmonic oscillator while preserving its linearity

Author

K. Juliusson, Mazyar Mirrahimi, H. Le Sueur, Xin Zhou, Simon Bernon, Vivien Schmitt, Pierre Rouchon, Denis Vion, Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), QUANTum Information Circuits (QUANTIC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), European Project: 264666,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN,CCQED(2011), European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Inria de Paris, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), CSNSM AN, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), and PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, PACS numbers: 85.25.−j, 84.40.Dc, 42.50.Dv, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fock space, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, circuit-QED, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, quantum electrodynamics, 010306 general physics, qubit, Harmonic oscillator, Microwave cavity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Quantum Physics, Anharmonicity, Resonance, Transmon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Vackář oscillator, Qubit, microwave cavity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We present a new scheme for controlling the quantum state of a harmonic oscillator by coupling it to an anharmonic multilevel system (MLS) with first to second excited state transition frequency on-resonance with the oscillator. In this scheme that we call "ef-resonant", the spurious oscillator Kerr non-linearity inherited from the MLS is very small, while its Fock states can still be selectively addressed via an MLS transition at a frequency that depends on the number of photons. We implement this concept in a circuit-QED setup with a microwave 3D cavity (the oscillator, with frequency 6.4 GHz and quality factor QO=2E-6) embedding a frequency tunable transmon qubit (the MLS). We characterize the system spectroscopically and demonstrate selective addressing of Fock states and a Kerr non-linearity below 350 Hz. At times much longer than the transmon coherence times, a non-linear cavity response with driving power is also observed and explained., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

Published
2016
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17. Coherent manipulation of Andreev states in superconducting atomic contacts

Author

Caglar Girit, Camille Janvier, L. Tosi, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Michael Stern, P. Joyez, Landry Bretheau, Cristian Urbina, M. F. Goffman, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centro Atómico Bariloche [Argentine], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), and ANR-12-BS04-0016,MASH,Etats de Majorana et d'Andreev dans des circuits hybrides combinant des matériaux magnétiques et supraconducteurs(2012)

Subjects
Mesoscopic Superconductivity, Ciencias Físicas, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Quantum state, Quantum mechanics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Quantum system, Quantum information, 010306 general physics, Quantum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Multidisciplinary, Quantum bit, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Manipulation, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Andreev Bound States, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Astronomía, Coherent control, Qubit, Quasiparticle, Andreev States, 0210 nano-technology, Qubits, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Coherent control of quantum states has been demonstrated in a variety of superconducting devices. In all these devices, the variables that are manipulated are collective electromagnetic degrees of freedom: charge, superconducting phase, or flux. Here, we demonstrate the coherent manipulation of a quantum system based on Andreev bound states, which are microscopic quasiparticle states inherent to superconducting weak links. Using a circuit quantum electrodynamics setup we perform single-shot readout of this "Andreev qubit". We determine its excited state lifetime and coherence time to be in the microsecond range. Quantum jumps and parity switchings are observed in continuous measurements. In addition to possible quantum information applications, such Andreev qubits are a testbed for the physics of single elementary excitations in superconductors., Comment: Supplementary Materials at the end of the file

Published
2015
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18. Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity

Author

John J. L. Morton, Cheuk Chi Lo, Denis Vion, Michael Stern, Jarryd J. Pla, Yuimaru Kubo, Patrice Bertet, Daniel Esteve, Xin Zhou, C. D. Weis, Audrey Bienfait, Thomas Schenkel, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), the C’Nano IdF project QUANTROCRYO. J.J.L.M. is supported by the Royal Society. C.C.L. is supported by the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. T.S. and C.D.W. were supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, European Project: 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS(2014), European Project: 608512,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2013-1,ASCENT(2014), European Project: 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM, Quantronics Group ( QUANTRONICS ), Service de physique de l'état condensé ( SPEC - UMR3680 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 ( IEMN ), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis ( UVHC ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), European Project : 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS ( 2014 ), European Project : 608512,EC:FP7:ENERGY,FP7-ENERGY-2013-1,ASCENT ( 2014 ), and European Project : 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM

Subjects
Quantum information, General Science & Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, 010306 general physics, Quantum optics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, Relaxation (NMR), Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Spin engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Quantum spin liquid, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, Nitrogen-vacancy center, Magnetic dipole
Abstract

Spontaneous emission of radiation is one of the fundamental mechanisms by which an excited quantum system returns to equilibrium. For spins, however, spontaneous emission is generally negligible compared to other non-radiative relaxation processes because of the weak coupling between the magnetic dipole and the electromagnetic field. In 1946, Purcell realized that the spontaneous emission rate can be strongly enhanced by placing the quantum system in a resonant cavity -an effect which has since been used extensively to control the lifetime of atoms and semiconducting heterostructures coupled to microwave or optical cavities, underpinning single-photon sources. Here we report the first application of these ideas to spins in solids. By coupling donor spins in silicon to a superconducting microwave cavity of high quality factor and small mode volume, we reach for the first time the regime where spontaneous emission constitutes the dominant spin relaxation mechanism. The relaxation rate is increased by three orders of magnitude when the spins are tuned to the cavity resonance, showing that energy relaxation can be engineered and controlled on-demand. Our results provide a novel and general way to initialise spin systems into their ground state, with applications in magnetic resonance and quantum information processing. They also demonstrate that, contrary to popular belief, the coupling between the magnetic dipole of a spin and the electromagnetic field can be enhanced up to the point where quantum fluctuations have a dramatic effect on the spin dynamics; as such our work represents an important step towards the coherent magnetic coupling of individual spins to microwave photons., 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Published
2015
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19. Storage and retrieval of microwave fields at the single-photon level in a spin ensemble

Author

Patrice Bertet, Wen-Long Ma, Klaus Mølmer, Michael Stern, Yuimaru Kubo, Vincent Jacques, Junichi Isoya, Brian Julsgaard, Audrey Bienfait, K. Nakamura, Daniel Esteve, Cecile Grezes, Ren-Bao Liu, Shinobu Onoda, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Physics [Hong Kong University of Science and Technology], Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The support of the C’Nano IdF project QUANTROCRYO, JST, and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. 26246001), ANR-11-CHRI-0003,QINVC(2011), European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Photon, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, PACS number(s): 03.67.Lx, 42.50.Ct, 42.50.Pq, 85.25.Cp, Figure of merit, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Energy (signal processing), Spin-½
Abstract

We report the storage of microwave pulses at the single-photon level in a spin-ensemble memory consisting of $10^{10}$ NV centers in a diamond crystal coupled to a superconducting LC resonator. The energy of the signal, retrieved $100\, \mu \mathrm{s}$ later by spin-echo techniques, reaches $0.3\%$ of the energy absorbed by the spins, and this storage efficiency is quantitatively accounted for by simulations. This figure of merit is sufficient to envision first implementations of a quantum memory for superconducting qubits., Comment: 6 pages

Published
2015
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20. Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Author

Thomas Schenkel, Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, Brian Julsgaard, Audrey Bienfait, Daniel Esteve, Cheuk Chi Lo, Michael Stern, Jarryd J. Pla, Klaus Mølmer, Xin Zhou, John J. L. Morton, C. D. Weis, Yuimaru Kubo, Mike L. W. Thewalt, Quantronics Group ( QUANTRONICS ), Service de physique de l'état condensé ( SPEC - UMR3680 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Bar Ilan University of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 ( IEMN ), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis ( UVHC ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Also support by C’Nano IdF through the QUANTROCRYO project. J.J.L.M. is supported by the Royal Society. C.C. Lo is supported by the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851.B. Julsgaard and K. Mølmer acknowledge support from the Villum Foundation. C.D.W.and T.S. acknowledge support from the Office of Science of the US Department of Energyunder contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, European Project : 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS ( 2014 ), European Project : 279781,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,ASCENT ( 2011 ), European Project : 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM, European Project : 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT ( 2013 ), Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Bar-Ilan University [Israël], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University College of London [London] (UCL), European Project: 615767,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,CIRQUSS(2014), European Project: 279781,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,ASCENT(2011), European Project: 630070,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF,QURAM, and European Project: 600927,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,SCALEQIT(2013)

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, 02 engineering and technology, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 01 natural sciences, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, law.invention, quant-ph, law, General Materials Science, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Microwaves, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Quantum limit, Microchemistry, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, Noise (electronics), Sensitivity and Specificity, Resonator, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), cond-mat.mes-hall, Electronic, Air Conditioning, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 010306 general physics, Larmor precession, Miniaturization, Spins, Amplifiers, Electronic, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Reproducibility of Results, Amplifiers, Equipment Failure Analysis, Quantum Theory, Nanoparticles, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

We report pulsed electron-spin resonance (ESR) measurements on an ensemble of Bismuth donors in Silicon cooled at 10mK in a dilution refrigerator. Using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality factor superconducting micro-resonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, reduced to just 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance., Main text : 10 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary text : 16 pages, 8 figures

Published
2015
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21. Finding the Elusive E × B Staircase in Magnetized Plasmas

Author

Patrick Maget, Patrick Diamond, Guilhem Dif-Pradalier, J. Abiteboul, Yusuke Kosuga, Virginie Grandgirard, Philippe Ghendrih, P. Morel, C. Ehrlacher, Xavier Garbet, Grégoire Hornung, F. Clairet, Yanick Sarazin, Özgür D. Gürcan, A. Storelli, T. Cartier-Michaud, C. Norscini, Daniel Esteve, Roland Sabot, Pascale Hennequin, Laure Vermare, Guillaume Latu, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No WP14-ER-01. HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (Grant No. 2014-056884) and from IFERC-CSC.National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915., Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Kyushu University

Subjects
General Physics, Tokamak, Plasma parameters, Mesoscale meteorology, General Physics and Astronomy, Tore Supra, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical Sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Engineering, GYROKINETIC SIMULATIONS, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Gyrokinetics, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 010306 general physics, Reflectometry, Physics, BARRIERS, Condensed matter physics, Turbulence, Plasma, TRANSPORT, Physics and Astronomy, Quantum electrodynamics, Physical Sciences, PACS numbers: 52.30.Gz, 52.35.Mw, 52.35.Ra, 52.65.Tt
Abstract

© 2015 American Physical Society. Turbulence in hot magnetized plasmas is shown to generate permeable localized transport barriers that globally organize into the so-called "ExB staircase" [G. Dif-Pradalier et al., Phys. Rev. E, 82, 025401(R) (2010)]. Its domain of existence and dependence with key plasma parameters is discussed theoretically. Based on these predictions, staircases are observed experimentally in the Tore Supra tokamak by means of high-resolution fast-sweeping X-mode reflectometry. This observation strongly emphasizes the critical role of mesoscale self-organization in plasma turbulence and may have far-reaching consequences for turbulent transport models and their validation.

Published
2015
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22. Towards a spin-ensemble quantum memory for superconducting qubits

Author

Igor Diniz, Junichi Isoya, Patrice Bertet, Hiroshi Abe, Takahide Umeda, Brian Julsgaard, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Yuimaru Kubo, Cecile Grezes, Vincent Jacques, Shinobu Onoda, Klaus Moelmer, Hitoshi Sumiya, Jean-François Roch, Daniel Esteve, Kazuo Nakamura, Alexia Auffèves, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Research Center for Knowledge Communities, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)

Subjects
Flux qubit, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, Phase qubit, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum state, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, 010306 general physics, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum computer, Physics, Quantum Physics, Quantum memory, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Spins, General Engineering, NV centers in diamond, Centres NV du diamant, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Qubits de spin, Qubit, Spin qubits, Mémoire quantique, Qubits supraconducteurs, Superconducting qubits, 0210 nano-technology, Superconducting quantum computing, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

This article reviews efforts to build a new type of quantum device, which combines an ensemble of electronic spins with long coherence times, and a small-scale superconducting quantum processor. The goal is to store over long times arbitrary qubit states in orthogonal collective modes of the spin-ensemble, and to retrieve them on-demand. We first present the protocol devised for such a multi-mode quantum memory. We then describe a series of experimental results using NV center spins in diamond, which demonstrate its main building blocks: the transfer of arbitrary quantum states from a qubit into the spin ensemble, and the multi-mode retrieval of classical microwave pulses down to the single-photon level with a Hahn-echo like sequence. A reset of the spin memory is implemented in-between two successive sequences using optical repumping of the spins., Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015
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23. Multimode Storage and Retrieval of Microwave Fields in a Spin Ensemble

Author

Brian Julsgaard, Patrice Bertet, Daniel Esteve, Michael Stern, Klaus Mølmer, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Yuimaru Kubo, Hitoshi Sumiya, Cecile Grezes, Takashi Umeda, Hiroshi Abe, Vincent Jacques, Jérôme Estève, Junichi Isoya, Shinobu Onoda, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multi-mode optical fiber, QC1-999, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Quantum memory, ComputerSystemsOrganization_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum information, Computational problem, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Computer Science::Databases, Microwave, Spin-½, Quantum computer
Abstract

International audience; A quantum memory at microwave frequencies, able to store the state of multiple superconducting qubits for long times, is a key element for quantum information processing. Electronic and nuclear spins are natural candidates for the storage medium as their coherence time can be well above 1 s. Benefiting from these long coherence times requires one to apply the refocusing techniques used in magnetic resonance, a major challenge in the context of hybrid quantum circuits. Here, we report the first implementation of such a scheme, using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond coupled to a superconducting resonator, in a setup compatible with superconducting qubit technology. We implement the active reset of the nitrogen-vacancy spins into their ground state by optical pumping and their refocusing by Hahn-echo sequences. This enables the storage of multiple microwave pulses at the picowatt level and their retrieval after up to 35 μs, a 3 orders of magnitude improvement compared to previous experiments.

Published
2014
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24. Tunable microwave impedance matching to a high impedance source using a Josephson metamaterial

Author

Daniel Esteve, Philippe Joyez, Carles Altimiras, Denis Vion, Fabien Portier, Olivier Parlavecchio, Patrice Roche, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This project was funded by the CNano-IDF Shot-E-Phot, the Triangle de la Physique DyCoBloS and ANR AnPhoTeQ and Masquel grants., ANR-12-JS04-0006,AnPhoTEQ,Anti Bunching des Photons émis par un QPC(2012), and ANR-07-NANO-0020,MASQUELSPEC,Masqueur électronique pour la centrale de proximité du SPEC(2007)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Impedance matching, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Characteristic impedance, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, Tunnel junction, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Electrical impedance, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Shot noise, Metamaterial, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Inductance, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We report the efficient coupling of a $50\,\Omega$ microwave circuit to a high impedance conductor. We use an impedance transformer consisting of a $\lambda/4$ co-planar resonator whose inner conductor contains an array of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), providing the resonator with a large and tunable lineic inductance $\mathcal{L}\sim 80 \mu_0$, resulting in a large characteristic impedance $Z_C\sim 1\,\mathrm{k}\Omega$. The impedance matching efficiency is characterized by measuring the shot noise power emitted by a dc biased high resistance tunnel junction connected to the resonator. We demonstrate matching to impedances in the $15$ to $35\,\mathrm{k}\Omega$ range with bandwidths above $100\,\mathrm{MHz}$ around a resonant frequency tunable in the $4$ to $6\,\mathrm{GHz}$ range., Comment: Published in Applied Physics Letters

Published
2014
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25. Superconducting qubit as a probe of squeezing in a nonlinear resonator

Author

Patrice Bertet, Maxime Boissonneault, Alexandre Blais, Denis Vion, Florian R. Ong, Andrew C. Doherty, and Daniel Esteve

Subjects
Physics, Flux qubit, Charge qubit, Quantum sensor, Quantum noise, Quantum Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Phase qubit, Quantum mechanics, Quantum electrodynamics, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum fluctuation, Quantum computer
Abstract

In addition to their central role in quantum information processing, qubits have proven to be useful tools in a range of other applications such as enhanced quantum sensing and as spectrometers of quantum noise. Here we show that a superconducting qubit strongly coupled to a nonlinear resonator can act as a probe of quantum fluctuations of the intraresonator field. Building on previous work [M. Boissoneault et al., Phys. Rev. A 85, 022305 (2012)], we derive an effective master equation for the qubit which takes into account squeezing of the resonator field. We show how sidebands in the qubit excitation spectrum that are predicted by this model can reveal information about the squeezing factor $r$. The main results of this paper have already been successfully compared to experimental data [F. R. Ong et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 047001 (2013)], and we present here the details of the derivations.

Published
2014
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26. Supercurrent Spectroscopy of Andreev States

Author

Cristian Urbina, Landry Bretheau, Caglar Girit, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CNANO-Ile-de-France, ANR-12-BS04-0016,MASH,Etats de Majorana et d'Andreev dans des circuits hybrides combinant des matériaux magnétiques et supraconducteurs(2012), ANR-09-BLAN-0199,DOC-FLUC,Détection ' on-chip ' des fluctuations quantiques de courant de nano-systèmes(2009), and European Project: 298415,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF,DIRACOOPER(2012)

Subjects
QC1-999, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Link (knot theory), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quasiparticle, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave, Excitation
Abstract

We measure the excitation spectrum of a superconducting atomic contact. In addition to the usual continuum above the superconducting gap, the single particle excitation spectrum contains discrete, spin-degenerate Andreev levels inside the gap. Quasiparticle excitations are induced by a broadband on-chip microwave source and detected by measuring changes in the supercurrent flowing through the atomic contact. Since microwave photons excite quasiparticles in pairs, two types of transitions are observed: Andreev transitions, which consists of putting two quasiparticles in an Andreev level, and transitions to odd states with a single quasiparticle in an Andreev level and the other one in the continuum. In contrast to absorption spectroscopy, supercurrent spectroscopy allows detection of long-lived odd states., Comment: typos corrected

Published
2013
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27. Quantum heating of a nonlinear resonator probed by a superconducting qubit

Author

Florian R. Ong, François Mallet, Andrew C. Doherty, Patrice Bertet, Maxime Boissonneault, Alexandre Blais, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, Institute for Quantum Computing [Waterloo] (IQC), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), School of Physics [UNSW Sydney] (UNSW), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 266367,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2010-4,SOLID(2011), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Flux qubit, Quantum Physics, Charge qubit, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Phase qubit, Qubit, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Quantum, Excitation, Quantum fluctuation, Quantum computer, PACS numbers: 85.25.Cp, 03.67.Lx
Abstract

We measure the quantum fluctuations of a pumped nonlinear resonator using a superconducting artificial atom as an in situ probe. The qubit excitation spectrum gives access to the frequency and amount of excitation of the intracavity field fluctuations, from which we infer its effective temperature. These quantities are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions; in particular, we experimentally observe the phenomenon of quantum heating.

Published
2013
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28. Back-action of a driven nonlinear resonator on a superconducting qubit

Author

Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Maxime Boissonneault, Alexandre Blais, Denis Vion, Andrew C. Doherty, and Florian R. Ong

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, Flux qubit, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Dephasing, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Phase qubit, Open quantum system, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Qubit, Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Master equation, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Quantum computer
Abstract

We study the backaction of a driven nonlinear resonator on a multi-level superconducting qubit. Using unitary transformations on the multi-level Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian and quantum optics master equation, we derive an analytical model that goes beyond linear response theory. Within the limits of validity of the model, we obtain quantitative agreement with experimental and numerical data, both in the bifurcation and in the parametric amplification regimes of the nonlinear resonator. We show in particular that the measurement-induced dephasing rate of the qubit can be rather small at high drive power. This is in contrast to measurement with a linear resonator where this rate increases with the drive power. Finally, we show that, for typical parameters of circuit quantum electrodynamics, correctly describing measurement-induced dephasing requires a model going beyond linear response theory, such as the one presented here., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures

Published
2012
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29. Electron spin resonance detected by a superconducting qubit

Author

Yuimaru Kubo, Hiroshi Abe, Alexia Auffèves, Takashi Yamamoto, Igor Diniz, Vincent Jacques, Junichi Isoya, A. Dréau, Jean-François Roch, Patrice Bertet, Hitoshi Sumiya, Shinobu Onoda, Takahide Umeda, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Cecile Grezes, Daniel Esteve, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Research Center for Knowledge Communities, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Electronics and Materials R & D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Electronics and Materials R & D Laboratories, Electronics and Materials R & D laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Flux qubit, Charge qubit, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Phase qubit, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed matter physics, Spins, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Center (category theory), Resonance, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Transmon, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Qubit, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

A new method for detecting the magnetic resonance of electronic spins at low temperature is demonstrated. It consists in measuring the signal emitted by the spins with a superconducting qubit that acts as a single-microwave-photon detector, resulting in an enhanced sensitivity. We implement this new type of electron-spin resonance spectroscopy using a hybrid quantum circuit in which a transmon qubit is coupled to a spin ensemble consisting of NV centers in diamond. With this setup we measure the NV center absorption spectrum at 30mK at an excitation level of \thicksim15\,\mu_{B} out of an ensemble of 10^{11} spins., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRX

Published
2012
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30. Hybrid quantum circuit with a superconducting qubit coupled to a spin ensemble

Author

Shinobu Onoda, Vincent Jacques, Hitoshi Sumiya, A. Dewes, Norio Morishita, Junichi Isoya, Igor Diniz, Jean-François Roch, Cecile Grezes, A. Dréau, Daniel Esteve, Yuimaru Kubo, Hiroshi Abe, Alexia Auffèves, Takeshi Ohshima, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Takahide Umeda, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory [Nagoya] (STEL), Nagoya University, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)

Subjects
Flux qubit, Charge qubit, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Phase qubit, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Qutrit, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Transmon, One-way quantum computer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, Quantum electrodynamics, Qubit, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, Superconducting quantum computing
Abstract

We report the experimental realization of a hybrid quantum circuit combining a superconducting qubit and an ensemble of electronic spins. The qubit, of the transmon type, is coherently coupled to the spin ensemble consisting of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a diamond crystal via a frequency-tunable superconducting resonator acting as a quantum bus. Using this circuit, we prepare arbitrary superpositions of the qubit states that we store into collective excitations of the spin ensemble and retrieve back later on into the qubit. These results constitute a first proof of concept of spin-ensemble based quantum memory for superconducting qubits., 13 pages, 4 figures, plus supplementary information

Published
2011
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31. Storage and Retrieval of a Microwave Field in a Spin Ensemble

Author

Daniel Esteve, Patrice Bertet, Igor Diniz, A. Dewes, Vincent Jacques, A. Dréau, Jean-François Roch, Yuimaru Kubo, Denis Vion, Alexia Auffèves, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Field (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spin-½, Superconductivity, Physics, Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Quasiparticle, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Microwave
Abstract

We report the storage and retrieval of a small microwave field from a superconducting resonator into collective excitations of a spin ensemble. The spins are nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond crystal. The storage time of the order of 30 ns is limited by inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble., 4 pages + supplementary material. Submitted to PRL

Published
2011
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32. Evidence for long-lived quasiparticles trapped in superconducting point contacts

Author

Daniel Esteve, Q. Le Masne, Cristian Urbina, M. Zgirski, Landry Bretheau, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and C'Nano IdF

Subjects
Quantum point contact, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Trapping, 01 natural sciences, 74.45.+c, 74.50.+r, 73.23.-b, Andreev reflection, quasiparticle lifetime, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, quantum point contact, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, atomic contact, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, quasiparticle poisoning, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 3. Good health, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Andreev states, Quasiparticle, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We have observed that the supercurrent across phase-biased, highly transmitting atomic size contacts is strongly reduced within a broad phase interval around {\pi}. We attribute this effect to quasiparticle trapping in one of the discrete sub-gap Andreev bound states formed at the contact. Trapping occurs essentially when the Andreev energy is smaller than half the superconducting gap {\Delta}, a situation in which the lifetime of trapped quasiparticles is found to exceed 100 \mus. The origin of this sharp energy threshold is presently not understood., Comment: Article (5 pages) AND Supplemental material (14 pages). To be published in Physical Review Letters

Published
2011
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33. Circuit QED with a Nonlinear Resonator : ac-Stark Shift and Dephasing

Author

Alexandre Blais, François Mallet, Andrew C. Doherty, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Maxime Boissonneault, Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, A. Dewes, Florian R. Ong, and Daniel Esteve

Subjects
Physics, Flux qubit, Quantum Physics, Charge qubit, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Amplifier, Quantum limit, Dephasing, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Phase qubit, Resonator, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

We have performed spectroscopic measurements of a superconducting qubit dispersively coupled to a nonlinear resonator driven by a pump microwave field. Measurements of the qubit frequency shift provide a sensitive probe of the intracavity field, yielding a precise characterization of the resonator nonlinearity. The qubit linewidth has a complex dependence on the pump frequency and amplitude, which is correlated with the gain of the nonlinear resonator operated as a small-signal amplifier. The corresponding dephasing rate is found to be close to the quantum limit in the low-gain limit of the amplifier., Paper : 4 pages, 3 figures; Supplementary material : 1 page, 1 figure

Published
2010

34. Strong Coupling of a Spin Ensemble to a Superconducting Resonator

Author

Yuimaru Kubo, Joerg Wrachtrup, A. Dréau, Florian R. Ong, Marie-France Barthe, Alexia Auffèves, Fedor Jelezko, D. Zheng, Patrice Bertet, Vincent Jacques, Daniel Esteve, Philippe Bergonzo, Jean-François Roch, Denis Vion, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Physikalisches Institut [Stuttgart] (Pfaffenwaldring 57, D–70550 Stuttgart, Germany), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), and Stuttgart University

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Quantum Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Spin engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spin (physics), Electron paramagnetic resonance, Nitrogen-vacancy center, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

We report the realization of a quantum circuit in which an ensemble of electronic spins is coupled to a frequency tunable superconducting resonator. The spins are Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in a diamond crystal. The achievement of strong coupling is manifested by the appearance of a vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmission spectrum of the resonator when its frequency is tuned through the NV center electron spin resonance., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010
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35. A mesoscopic model of the intermixing during nanoenergetic materials processing

Author

Anne Hémeryck, Alain Estève, Georges Landa, Daniel Esteve, M. Djafari Rouhani, Carole Rossi, and M. Petrantoni

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Differential equation, Thin films, Interfaces, Ab initio, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, 01 natural sciences, Diffusion, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, Thin film, Bimetallic strip, 010302 applied physics, Mesoscopic physics, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Nanostructures, Multilayers, Chemical physics, Intermetallic compounds, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; A general mesoscopic model for the simulation of thin film vapor deposition applied to energetic materials, specifically bimetallic multilayers, is presented. We describe the set up of this mesoscopic simulator developed in the frame of a multiscale study by implementing data into a set of differential equations. We present numerical results relative to the formation of barrier layers as a result of interdiffusion between successive bimetallic AlNi multilayers. The key role of the vacancies species created during deposition is highlighted.

Published
2010
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36. Asymmetric diffusion as a key mechanism in Ni/Al energetic multilayer processing: A first principles study

Author

Anne Hémeryck, Georges Landa, Jean-Marie Ducéré, C. Rossi, Alain Estève, M. Djafari Rouhani, Daniel Esteve, M. Petrantoni, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Surface diffusion, Exothermic reaction, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Endothermic process, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Barrier layer, Crystallography, Nickel, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical physics, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Surface states
Abstract

Adsorption and penetration of Al and Ni atoms into Ni(111) and Al(111), respectively, are investigated through first principles calculations, shedding light into the driving forces impacting Al/Ni interfaces produced during multilayer deposition. The authors show that Ni deposition follows an exothermic path toward penetration associated with small activation barriers while Al on Ni(111) path is endothermic accompanied with high activations. Moreover, Ni and Al penetrations proceed through interstitial and substitutional sites, respectively. These differentiated behaviors at early deposition stages illustrate that dual processing conditions are required to achieve the growth of specific Ni/Al interfaces during multilayer deposition processes and that a local melting process at the interface is mandatory to arrive at the formation of a proper barrier layer.

Published
2010
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37. Single-shot qubit readout in circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

Author

François Nguyen, Daniel Esteve, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Denis Vion, Patrice Bertet, Florian R. Ong, François Mallet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and ANR-08-BLAN-0074,QUANTJO,Quantum Physics with Josephson Circuits(2008)

Subjects
Physics, Flux qubit, Quantum Physics, Charge qubit, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Transmon, One-way quantum computer, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Quantum technology, Phase qubit, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Qubit, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, 85.25.Cp, 74.78.Na, 03.67.Lx, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

The future development of quantum information using superconducting circuits requires Josephson qubits [1] with long coherence times combined to a high-fidelity readout. Major progress in the control of coherence has recently been achieved using circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architectures [2, 3], where the qubit is embedded in a coplanar waveguide resonator (CPWR) which both provides a well controlled electromagnetic environment and serves as qubit readout. In particular a new qubit design, the transmon, yields reproducibly long coherence times [4, 5]. However, a high-fidelity single-shot readout of the transmon, highly desirable for running simple quantum algorithms or measur- ing quantum correlations in multi-qubit experiments, is still lacking. In this work, we demonstrate a new transmon circuit where the CPWR is turned into a sample-and-hold detector, namely a Josephson Bifurcation Amplifer (JBA) [6, 7], which allows both fast measurement and single-shot discrimination of the qubit states. We report Rabi oscillations with a high visibility of 94% together with dephasing and relaxation times longer than 0:5 \mu\s. By performing two subsequent measurements, we also demonstrate that this new readout does not induce extra qubit relaxation., Comment: 14 pages including 4 figures, preprint format

Published
2010
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38. Periodic boundary versus quantum cluster approaches in the simulation of a nanoenergetic metallic model-system: Ni/Al(111) surface reactions

Author

Georges Landa, Alain Estève, Anne Hémeryck, Daniel Esteve, C. Rossi, M. Djafari Rouhani, Jean-Marie Ducéré, M. Petrantoni, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Surface reaction, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Metal, Adsorption, Aluminium, Interstitial defect, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Quantum, Bimetallic strip, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The adsorption of a Ni atom on the Al(1 1 1) surface, considered as the first elementary step of the formation of the energetic bimetallic model-system Ni/Al, is studied using two techniques: a plane-wave periodic boundary model and a quantum cluster approach. Geometric structures and associated adsorption energies are detailed and systematically compared. The penetration of Ni atoms in the Aluminium surface in interstitial sites is generally observed. From a modelling point of view, results indicate that precaution must be taken with the cluster approach as the results depend strongly on the constraints imposed on the cluster edges.

Published
2010
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39. Spectral measurement of the thermal excitation of a superconducting qubit

Author

François Nguyen, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, Florian R. Ong, Daniel Esteve, François Mallet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and ANR-08-BLAN-0074,QUANTJO,Quantum Physics with Josephson Circuits(2008)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 85.25.Cp, 74.78.Na, 03.67.Lx, 010306 general physics, Mathematical Physics, Superconductivity, Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Transmon, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Amplitude, Thermal radiation, Qubit, Relaxation (physics), Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Excitation, Microwave
Abstract

Phys. Scr. 2009, 014015; International audience; We report the measurement of the fluctuations of a transmon qubit through the noise spectrum of the microwave signal that measures its state. The amplitude of the Lorentzian noise power spectrum allows to determine the average qubit excitation, in agreement with the estimated thermal radiation reaching the sample. Its width yields the qubit energy relaxation rate which decreases with temperature, contrary to the predictions for a two-level system solely coupled to thermal radiation. This indicates the existence of another non-radiative energy relaxation channel for the qubit.

Published
2009
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40. Geiger avalanche photodiodes as tentative light detectors for VHE gamma ray astronomy

Author

Denis Pellion, F. Moutier, A. R. Bazer-Bachi, Abdelali Rennane, K. Jradi, A. Le Padellec, V. Borrel, C. Magenc, Daniel Esteve, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales ( CEMES ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), and Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse )

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, business.industry, High-energy astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Avalanche photodiode, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Geiger counter, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Due to its sensitivity and speed, the detector still widely used in Cerenkov astrophysics experiments remains the PhotoMultiplier Tube (PMT). For instance, recent pathbreaking experiments in Very High Energy astrophysics (VHE), such as MAGIC and HESS, have used mainstream PMT technology (Aharonian et al, Astron Astrophys 492(1):L25-L28, 2008). Moreover the Cerenkov Telescope Array (CTA) which is now in its design phase, is also planed to be based on PMT's. However, there are some disadvantages to the PMT technology: the rather poor quantum efficiency, the use of high voltages, the high cost when used in large number in a matrix arrangement and the large weight. Hence, we have investigated the possibility to design future Cerenkov telescopes based on solid state technology, specifically Geiger avalanche photodiodes. In a preliminary development

Published
2009
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41. Asymmetric noise probed with a Josephson junction

Author

Norman O. Birge, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Q. Le Masne, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics and Astronomy [East Lansing], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, and ANR-06-NSCI-0001,CHENANOM,Characterization of electronic nanodevices by noise measurements(2006)

Subjects
Josephson effect, noise, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Pi Josephson junction, Tunnel junction, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Josephson, Supercurrent, FCS, Biasing, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, moment, 72.70.+m, 85.25.Cp, 73.23.-b, 74.50.+r, Superconducting tunnel junction, Current (fluid), cumulant
Abstract

Fluctuations of the current through a tunnel junction are measured using a Josephson junction. The current noise adds to the bias current of the Josephson junction and affects its switching out of the supercurrent branch. The experiment is carried out in a regime where switching is determined by thermal activation. The variance of the noise results in an elevated effective temperature, whereas the third cumulant, related to its asymmetric character, leads to a difference in the switching rates observed for opposite signs of the current through the tunnel junction. Measurements are compared quantitatively with recent theoretical predictions., To be published in Physical Review Letters

Published
2009
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42. Phase controlled superconducting proximity effect probed by tunneling spectroscopy

Author

P. Joyez, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, H. Le Sueur, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Phase difference, Physics, Superconductivity, Microscope, Local density of states, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 74.45.+c, 07.79.-v, 74.78.Na, 73.20.At, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Proximity effect (superconductivity), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

Using a dual-mode STM-AFM microscope operating below 50mK we measured the Local Density of States (LDoS) along small normal wires connected at both ends to superconductors with different phases. We observe that a uniform minigap can develop in the whole normal wire and in the superconductors near the interfaces. The minigap depends periodically on the phase difference. The quasiclassical theory of superconductivity applied to a simplified 1D model geometry accounts well for the data., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2008
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43. Tunable resonators for quantum circuits

Author

Patrice Bertet, François Nguyen, Agustin Palacios-Laloy, Daniel Esteve, Denis Vion, François Mallet, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Thermal fluctuations, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Resonator, Quality (physics), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Quantum information, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Electronic circuit, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Coplanar waveguide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Qubit, Optoelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We have designed, fabricated and measured high-Q $\lambda/2$ coplanar waveguide microwave resonators whose resonance frequency is made tunable with magnetic field by inserting a DC-SQUID array (including 1 or 7 SQUIDs) inside. Their tunability range is 30% of the zero field frequency. Their quality factor reaches up to 3$\times10^4$. We present a model based on thermal fluctuations that accounts for the dependance of the quality factor with magnetic field., Comment: subm. to JLTP (Proc. of LTD12 conference)

Published
2007

44. Electron heating in metallic resistors at sub-Kelvin temperature

Author

Benjamin Huard, Hugues Pothier, K. E. Nagaev, Daniel Esteve, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mokhovaya ulica 11, 125009 Moscow, Russia (IRE), and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)

Subjects
Coupling, Materials science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Phonon, 72.15.Lh,73.50.-h,73.23.-b,73.50.+d,72.70.+m, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Resistor, Diffusion (business), Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Joule heating, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Voltage, Electron cooling
Abstract

International audience; In the presence of Joule heating, the electronic temperature in a metallic resistor placed at sub-Kelvin temperatures can significantly exceed the phonon temperature. Electron cooling proceeds mainly through two processes: electronic diffusion to and from the connecting wires and electron-phonon coupling. The goal of this paper is to present a general solution of the problem, in a form that can easily be used in practical situations. As an application, we compute two quantities that depend on the electronic temperature profile: the second and the third cumulant of the current noise at zero frequency, as a function of the voltage across the resistor. We also consider time dependent heating, an issue relevant for experiments in which current pulses are used, for instance in time-resolved calorimetry experiments.

Published
2007
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45. Current to frequency conversion in a Josephson circuit

Author

Patrice Bertet, Denis Vion, François Nguyen, N. Boulant, G. Ithier, Daniel Esteve, Hugues Pothier, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and This work has been supported by the European project Eurosqip and by the C'nano grant 'signaux rapides'.

Subjects
Josephson effect, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pi Josephson junction, law, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Research Groups and Centres\Physics\Low Temperature Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Faculty of Science\Physics, JUNCTIONS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, BLOCH OSCILLATIONS, Capacitor, PACS 74.50.+r, 74.25.Fy, 74.45.+c, 74.78.Na, 73.63.-b, Optoelectronics, Constant current, Superconducting tunnel junction, Cooper pair, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave, Voltage
Abstract

The voltage oscillations which occur in an ideally current-biased Josephson junction, were proposed to make a current standard for metrology. We demonstrate similar oscillations in a more complex Josephson circuit derived from the Cooper pair box: the quantronium. When a constant current I is injected in the gate capacitor of this device, oscillations develop at the frequency fB=I/2e, with e the electron charge. We detect these oscillations through the sidebands induced at multiples of fB in the spectrum of a microwave signal reflected on the circuit, up to currents I exceeding 100 pA. We discuss the potential interest of this current to frequency conversion experiment for metrology., To be published in Physical Review Letters

Published
2007
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46. Measurement of the current-phase relation of superconducting atomic contacts

Author

Benjamin Huard, M.L. Della Rocca, Hugues Pothier, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, M. Chauvin, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Josephson effect, Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Josephson coupling, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, SQUID, Tunnel junction, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Phase relation, Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

We have probed the current-phase relation of an atomic contact placed with a tunnel junction in a small superconducting loop. The measurements are in quantitative agreement with the predictions of a resistively shunted SQUID model in which the Josephson coupling of the contact is calculated using the independently determined transmissions of its conduction channels., Comment: to be published in Physical Review Letters

Published
2007
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47. Superconducting atomic contacts under microwave irradiation

Author

Hugues Pothier, Cristian Urbina, Daniel Esteve, Martin E. Huber, P. Joyez, P. vom Stein, M. Chauvin, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Physics [Denver], and University of Colorado [Denver]

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Andreev reflection, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, External field, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Superconductivity, 74.50.+r, 74.25.Fy, 74.45.+c, 74.78.Na, 73.63.-b, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermal conduction, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Background current, Microwave irradiation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We have measured the effect of microwave irradiation on the dc current-voltage characteristics of superconducting atomic contacts. The interaction of the external field with the ac supercurrents leads to replicas of the supercurrent peak, the well known Shapiro resonances. The observation of supplementary fractional resonances for contacts containing highly transmitting conduction channels reveals their non-sinusoidal current-phase relation. The resonances sit on a background current which is itself deeply modified, as a result of photon assisted multiple Andreev reflections. The results provide firm support for the full quantum theory of transport between two superconductors based on the concept of Andreev bound states.

Published
2006
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48. APD photodetectors in the Geiger photon counter mode

Author

F. Bony, F. Therez, A.R. Bazer-Bachi, Daniel Esteve, Denis Pellion, J.P. Gardou, V. Borrel, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales ( CEMES ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Photodetector, 02 engineering and technology, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Silicon photomultiplier, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Geiger counter, Breakdown voltage, Wafer, Instrumentation, Diode, Physics, business.industry, Photodiode, Optoelectronics, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Dark current
Abstract

Geiger APD technology, which has been used for a few years now [ [8] R.H. Haitz, J. Appl. Phys. 35 (5) (1964) 1370], is evolving towards better performances, including integration in multifunctional microsystems; one such achievement today is the so-called SiPM [ [1] P. Buzhan, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 567 (2006) 78]. The present work has been conducted by a consortium of researchers from CESR and LAAS/CNRS and the manufacturing of components was achieved in the clean room of LAAS/CNRS. We present here an original N/P technology of photodiode, designed so as to offer a very good homogeneity in the electrical operating characteristics. For this, we have chosen a design and technological process that defines the breakdown voltage from the substrate doping. We present the technological process we developed, in which we took special care to maintain, by low transit temperature processes, at the highest quality level the initial characteristics of the materials. We will also present the performances of the diodes produced, with sizes ranging from 10 to 100 μm, as a function of many parameters (gain, dark current, etc). We also produced SiPM, and also 8×8 arrays of SiPM. Typical characteristics for a single diode are a Vbr between 43 and 44 V, and a dark current below 1 pA at ambient temperature. But the most important feature seems to be the high homogeneity of these performances all over the wafer surface. This gives us great confidence in the next step of our work, which is the manufacturing of very high-sensitivity imaging devices.

Published
2006
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49. Erratum: Zener Enhancement of Quantum Tunneling in a Two-Level Superconducting Circuit [Phys. Rev. Lett.94, 057004 (2005)]

Author

Daniel Esteve, Eddy Collin, P. Joyez, Hermann Grabert, G. Ithier, Denis Vion, and Joachim Ankerhold

Subjects
Superconductivity, Josephson effect, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Josephson phase, Quantum point contact, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Superconducting tunnel junction, Zener diode, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling
Published
2006
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50. Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Energy Exchange between Electrons

Author

Daniel Esteve, Benjamin Huard, Hugues Pothier, A. Anthore, Norman O. Birge, Quantronics Group (QUANTRONICS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and CEA Saclay DIENOW

Subjects
Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Manganese, 01 natural sciences, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Impurity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Energy exchange, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, PACS : 73.23.-b, 71.10.Ay, 72.10.-d, 72.15.Qm, Scattering, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Kondo effect, 0210 nano-technology, Magnetic impurity
Abstract

In order to probe quantitatively the effect of Kondo impurities on energy exchange between electrons in metals, we have compared measurements on two silver wires with dilute magnetic impurities (manganese) introduced in one of them. The measurement of the temperature dependence of the electron phase coherence time on the wires provides an independent determination of the impurity concentration. Quantitative agreement on the energy exchange rate is found with a theory by G\"{o}ppert et al. that accounts for Kondo scattering of electrons on spin-1/2 impurities., Comment: 4 pages

Published
2005
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