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Your search keyword '"Christophe Michel"' showing total 35 results
Start Over Author "Christophe Michel" Topic 0103 physical sciences
35 results on '"Christophe Michel"'

1. Dichroic coatings for astronomical instrumentation

Author

Eléonore Barthélémy-Mazot, Matthieu Coulon, Laurent Pinard, Julien Teillon, Benoît Sassolas, David Hofman, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Ion beam sputtering, Materials science, business.industry, Design study, Large optics, Dichroic glass, 01 natural sciences, Astronomical instrumentation, 010309 optics, Optics, Optical coating, 0103 physical sciences, Ion Assisted Deposition, Ion Beam Sputtering, Coating Characterization, Coating Uniformity, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Dichroic coatings
Abstract

International audience; Due to the increasing number of astronomical projects and of their associated instruments, the request of large optics with higher optical performances does not stop growing. An important step in the manufacture of these optics is the deposition of high-precision optical coatings. To answer to this request, we developed dichroic coatings, with sharp transition for large optics, working at different angles of incidence and spectral ranges. The work done for the dichroic optics of the HRS and LRS instruments for the 4MOST project will be presented.

Published
2020
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2. Characterization of Core Optics in Gravitational-Wave Detectors: Case Study of KAGRA Sapphire Mirrors

Author

Hiroaki Yamamoto, L. Pinard, D. Forest, Bill Reichman, Mark Gross, Liyuan Zhang, Eiichi Hirose, Christophe Michel, G. Billingsley, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, interferometer, measurement methods, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, mirror: surface, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, optics, gravitational radiation detector, Characterization (materials science), Core (optical fiber), Interferometry, Sapphire, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0210 nano-technology, business, aluminum: oxygen
Abstract

International audience; We report the characterization of superlow-loss optics used in the second-generation gravitational-wave detectors currently in operation. The sapphire test-mass mirrors in the KAGRA detector are introduced as an example, but the techniques here are common to all detectors. In this work, we discuss mainly the surface topography obtained by interferometric techniques and the optical properties obtained with special setups.

Published
2020
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3. Prior-damage dynamics in a high-finesse optical enhancement cavity

Author

H. Monard, Laurent Pinard, Kevin Cassou, Lixin Yan, Fabian Zomer, Chuanxiang Tang, Kevin Dupraz, R. Chiche, Wenhui Huang, Daniele Nutarelli, Loïc Amoudry, Aurélien Martens, Jerome Degallaix, Huan Wang, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Scattering, business.industry, Synchrotron radiation, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Power (physics), 010309 optics, Coupling (electronics), Finesse, Optics, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, Inverse scattering problem, High harmonic generation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

An observation of prior-damage behavior inside a high-finesse optical resonator is reported. Intra-cavity average power drops appeared with magnitude and time scale depending on the power level. Increasing further the incident laser beam power led to irreversible damage of the cavity coupling mirror surface. The origin of this phenomenon is investigated with post mortem mirror surface imaging and analysis of the signals reflected and transmitted by the enhancement cavity. Scattering losses induced by surface deformation due to a hot-spot surface contaminant is found to be most likely the dominant physics process behind this phenomenon.

Published
2020
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4. Effect of heating treatment and mixture on optical properties of coating materials used in gravitational-wave detectors

Author

L. Pinard, Gianluca Gemme, Maurizio Canepa, Anthony A. Amato, Christophe Michel, M. Granata, Gianpietro Cagnoli, S. Terreni, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimeto di Fisica (Università di Genova), Università di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Band gap, Annealing (metallurgy), Optical metrology, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, 01 natural sciences, Materials heat treatment, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Optical properties, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Optical absorption, Process Chemistry and Technology, Detector, Coating materials, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Interferometry, Optoelectronics, Gravitational wave astronomy, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The interferometer mirrors of gravitational-wave detectors (GWDs) are Bragg reflectors made of alternate amorphous silica ( SiO 2) and titania-doped tantala ( TiO 2 : Ta 2 O 5) layers as low- and high-refractive index materials, respectively. A thermal treatment is usually performed to reduce both mechanical losses and near-infrared (NIR) optical absorptions of the coatings. The authors present a spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) investigation of the effect of annealing and Ti:Ta mixing on Ta 2 O 5 coatings deposited under conditions similar to those adopted for building up mirrors of GWDs. The broadband analysis covers both the NIR and the fundamental absorption threshold region. The data show an evident annealing-induced reduction of the fundamental optical absorption broadening. Modeling the data through the Cody-Lorentz formula confirms that NIR absorptions are below the SE sensitivity and shows a notable annealing-induced reduction of so-called Urbach tails. Titania-doping of tantala slightly reduces the Urbach energy. After the heating treatment, the resulting Urbach energy of the doped material is lower than that of annealed pure tantala. The observed reduction of Urbach tails is important because it parallels the reduction of the so-called internal friction observed in mechanical measurements so that SE emerges as a convenient tool for an agile diagnostic of both the optical and the mechanical quality of amorphous oxide coatings.The interferometer mirrors of gravitational-wave detectors (GWDs) are Bragg reflectors made of alternate amorphous silica ( SiO 2) and titania-doped tantala ( TiO 2 : Ta 2 O 5) layers as low- and high-refractive index materials, respectively. A thermal treatment is usually performed to reduce both mechanical losses and near-infrared (NIR) optical absorptions of the coatings. The authors present a spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) investigation of the effect of annealing and Ti:Ta mixing on Ta 2 O 5 coatings deposited under conditions similar to those adopted for building up mirrors of GWDs. The broadband analysis covers both the NIR and the fundamental absorption threshold region. The data show an evident annealing-induced reduction of the fundamental optical absorption broadening. Modeling the data through the Cody-Lorentz formula confirms that NIR absorptions are below the SE sensitivity and shows a notable annealing-induced reduction of so-called Urbach tails. Titania-doping of tantala sl...

Published
2019
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5. Amorphous optical coatings of present gravitational-wave interferometers

Author

Gianpietro Cagnoli, Benoit Sassolas, Julien Teillon, Christophe Michel, Lorenzo Mereni, Anthony A. Amato, Jerome Degallaix, Maurizio Canepa, Laurent Pinard, Danièle Forest, M. Granata, Laurent Balzarini, Vincent Dolique, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, gravitational-wave detectors, internal friction, thermal noise, thin lms, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Annealing (metallurgy), interferometer, Thin films, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, absorption: optical, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Thin film, LIGO, 010306 general physics, mirror, Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, refractive index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, gravitational radiation, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), gravitational radiation detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Amorphous solid, Optical coating, experimental equipment, VIRGO, engineering, Refractive index, experimental results
Abstract

We report on the results of an extensive campaign of optical and mechanical characterization of the ion-beam sputtered oxide layers (Ta2O5, TiO2, Ta2O5–TiO2, SiO2) within the high-reflection coatings of the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors: refractive index, thickness, optical absorption, composition, density, internal friction and elastic constants have been measured; the impact of deposition rate and post-deposition annealing on coating internal friction has been assessed. For Ta2O5 and SiO2 layers, coating internal friction increases with the deposition rate, whereas the annealing treatment either erases or largely reduces the gap between samples with different deposition history. For Ta2O5–TiO2 layers, the reduction of internal friction due to TiO2 doping becomes effective only if coupled with annealing. All measured samples showed a weak dependence of internal friction on frequency [ϕ c(f) = af b , with −0.208 < b < 0.140 depending on the coating material considered]. SiO2 films showed a mode-dependent loss branching, likely due to spurious losses at the coated edge of the samples. The reference loss values of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo input (ITM) and end (ETM) mirror HR coatings have been updated by using our estimated value of Young’s modulus of Ta2O5–TiO2 layers (120 GPa) and are about 10% higher than previous estimations.

Published
2019
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6. Progress in the measurement and reduction of thermal noise in optical coatings for gravitational-wave detectors

Author

Gianpietro Cagnoli, Laurent Pinard, Lorenzo Mereni, Matthieu Coulon, M. Granata, D. H. Forest, B. Sassolas, Jerome Degallaix, Anthony A. Amato, Julien Teillon, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Amorphous silicon, tantalum: oxygen, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Composite number, measurement methods, Refractive index, Laser modes, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Amorphous materials, Coating, LIGO, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, transducer, Optical coating, Silicon nitride, titanium: oxygen, magnesium: fluorine, Optoelectronics, silicon: oxygen, performance, Laser beams, Physics - Optics, Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, engineering.material, 010309 optics, Power spectral density, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, surface, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), aluminum: fluorine, Gravitational wave, business.industry, bibliography, Extinction coefficients, gravitational radiation detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Amorphous solid, VIRGO, chemistry, engineering, business, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

Coating thermal noise is a fundamental limit for precision experiments based on optical and quantum transducers. In this review, after a brief overview of the techniques for coating thermal noise measurements, we present the latest world-wide research activity on low-noise coatings, with a focus on the results obtained at the Laboratoire des Mat\'{e}riaux Avanc\'{e}s. We report new updated values for the Ta$_2$O$_5$, Ta$_2$O$_5$-TiO$_2$ and SiO$_2$ coatings of the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA detectors, and new results from sputtered Nb$_2$O$_5$, TiO$_2$-Nb$_2$O$_5$, Ta$_2$O$_5$-ZrO$_2$, MgF$_2$, AlF$_3$ and silicon nitride coatings. Amorphous silicon, crystalline coatings, high-temperature deposition, multi-material coatings and composite layers are also briefly discussed, together with the latest developments of structural analyses and models., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1909.03737

Published
2019
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7. Point defects in IBS coating for very low loss mirrors

Author

Laurent Pinard, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Benoit Sassolas, Viola Sordini, Jerome Degallaix, Sihem Sayah, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), FOS: Physical sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Micrometre, Laser interferometry, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Crystallographic defect, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optical coating, engineering, Optoelectronics, Spatial frequency, Scattered light, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

High reflective coatings are used in many physics experiments. Despite the high quality of the opticalcoating, the performances of the mirrors is altered by the scattered light induced by micrometers sizedefects in the coating layers. The topic of this paper is the study of the point-like scatterers present in thespecific coating of the mirrors used in state of the art, high sensitivity optical experiments. We studied thebehavior of the materials according to different thicknesses, and how the defects change after annealing.To our knowledge, this is a first insight into the formation of such defects for different materials andthickness and how this is reduced when samples are annealed., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Applied Optics - OSA

Published
2019
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8. Optical properties of high-quality oxide coating materials used in gravitational-wave advanced detectors

Author

Lorenzo Mereni, L. Pinard, D. Forest, Benoit Sassolas, Gianluca Gemme, S. Terreni, M. Granata, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Vincent Dolique, Anthony A. Amato, Christophe Michel, Maurizio Canepa, Julien Teillon, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universita degli studi di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (INFN, Sezione di Genova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Oxide, coatings, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, spectroscopic ellipsometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, General Materials Science, KAGRA, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Doping, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, amorphous solids, Amorphous solid, spectroscopic ellipsometry, amorphous solids, oxides, Urbach energy, gravitational waves, coatings, Wavelength, chemistry, gravitational waves, Urbach energy, oxides, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, business, Refractive index
Abstract

High-reflection interference mirrors for current gravitational wave detectors (aLIGO, Advanced Virgo, KAGRA) are made of high-quality oxide multi-layers deposited by ion beam sputtering (IBS) at the Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA). For this task, LMA uses a large IBS custom-made machine (the grand coater GC) able to deposit very uniform coatings over very large surfaces, with diameter of some tens of cm. We report for the first time about the optical characterization by spectroscopic ellipsometry of oxide coatings deposited by the GC under strictly the same conditions used for the production of interference mirrors. We have investigated oxide materials like silica (SiO2), tantala (Ta2O5) and titania-doped tantala (Ti:Ta2O5), providing for each material a broad-band (190–1700 nm) accurate determination of the complex index of refraction, with particular attention to wavelengths used in interferometers. Particular focus has been dedicated to the influence of Ti-doping on tantala coating. The doping induces a red-shift of the optical gap and an increase of the NIR refractive index. Furthermore, doping induces a decrease of the so-called Urbach energy, consistent with the well-known reduction of the internal friction in these kind of systems.

Published
2019
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9. Large and extremely low loss: the unique challenges of gravitational wave mirrors

Author

B. Sassolas, R. Flaminio, Vincent Dolique, L. Pinard, N. Straniero, Danièle Forest, Julien Teillon, Christophe Michel, Gianpetro Cagnoli, M. Granata, Laurent Balzarini, B. Lagrange, Jerome Degallaix, A. Allocca, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Degallaix, J., Michel, C., Sassolas, B., Allocca, A., Cagnoli, G., Balzarini, L., Dolique, V., Flaminio, R., Forest, D., Granata, M., Lagrange, B., Straniero, N., Teillon, J., and Pinard, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Laser interferometry, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Laser beams, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Interferometry, Neutron star, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, business
Abstract

International audience; This paper describes the making of large mirrors for laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors. These optics, working in the near infrared, are among the best optics ever created and played a crucial role in the first direct detection of gravitational waves from black holes or neutron star fusions.

Published
2019
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10. Correlated evolution of structure and mechanical loss of a sputtered silica film

Author

Benoit Sassolas, L. Pinard, Vincent Dolique, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Valérie Martinez, Alain Mermet, Elodie Coillet, Maurizio Canepa, M. Granata, Anthony A. Amato, C. Martinet, Jérémie Margueritat, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Population, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, symbols.namesake, Coating, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, education, Characteristic energy, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, education.field_of_study, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous solid, symbols, engineering, Density of states, 0210 nano-technology, Raman scattering
Abstract

Energy dissipation in amorphous coatings severely affects high-precision optical and quantum transducers. In order to isolate the source of coating loss, we performed an extensive study of Raman scattering and mechanical loss of a thermally-treated sputtered silica coating. Our results show that loss is correlated with the population of three-membered rings of Si-O$_4$ tetrahedral units, and support the evidence that thermal treatment reduces the density of metastable states separated by a characteristic energy of about 0.5 eV, in favour of an increase of the states separated by smaller activation energies. Finally, we conclude that three-fold rings are involved in the relaxation mechanisms only if they belong to more complex chain-like structures of 10 to 100 tetrahedra., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2018
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11. Vacuum-compatible low-loss Faraday isolator for efficient squeezed-light injection in laser-interferometer-based gravitational-wave detectors

Author

G. Pillant, Julia Casanueva, M. Mantovani, Camilla De Rossi, Christophe Michel, Laurent Pinard, E. Genin, M. Gosselin, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Optical isolator, Extinction ratios, Absorption coefficient, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High power lasers, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Quantum noise, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Laser light, Interferometry, Optical elements, business, Squeezed coherent state, Laser beams
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first low-loss vacuum-compatible thermally controlled Faraday isolator able to retain a good isolation factor under high-vacuum working conditions. The throughput that can be obtained with the developed device is as high as 99%, retaining an isolation factor higher than 40 dB. That very high isolation ratio can be kept over long time periods independently from external temperature conditions with a few Celsius degrees of variation due to thermal active control. The mechanical and optical configuration is detailed, and the performances achieved with this device are presented.

Published
2018
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12. High-Reflection Coatings for Gravitational-Wave Detectors: State of The Art and Future Developments

Author

Valérie Martinez, M. Granata, Danièle Forest, Laurent Pinard, Christophe Michel, Anthony A. Amato, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Jerome Degallaix, Maurizio Canepa, Benoit Sassolas, Julien Teillon, Elodie Coillet, Vincent Dolique, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
History, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Education, Physics and Astronomy (all), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Coating, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, noise: thermal, silicon: nitrogen, KAGRA, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], LIGO, 010306 general physics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Detector, mirror: surface, Physics - Applied Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Engineering physics, gravitational radiation detector, Computer Science Applications, Surface coating, VIRGO, engineering, mechanics
Abstract

International audience; We report on the optical, mechanical and structural characterization of the sputtered coating materials of Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational- waves detectors. We present the latest results of our research program aiming at decreasing coating thermal noise through doping, optimization of deposition parameters and post- deposition annealing. Finally, we propose sputtered Si3N4 as a candidate material for the mirrors of future detectors.

Published
2017
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13. A new method of probing mechanical losses of coatings at cryogenic temperatures

Author

Serge Galliou, Samuel Deléglise, Maxim Goryachev, Leonhard Neuhaus, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Salim Zerkani, Vincent Dolique, Jérémy Bon, Xavier Vacheret, Philippe Abbé, Laurent Pinard, Christophe Michel, Thibaut Karassouloff, Tristan Briant, Pierre-François Cohadon, Antoine Heidmann, Michael E. Tobar, Roger Bourquin, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARC Centre of Excellence Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Center of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics (ARC), Université de Lyon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Metal, Chromium, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Quartz, Deposition (law), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Dielectric loss, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

A new method of probing mechanical losses and comparing the corresponding deposition processes of metallic and dielectric coatings in 1-100 MHz frequency range and cryogenic temperatures is presented. The method is based on the use of extremely high-quality quartz acoustic cavities whose internal losses are orders of magnitude lower than any available coatings nowadays. The approach is demonstrated for Chromium, Chromium/Gold and a multilayer tantala/silica coatings. The ${\rm Ta}_2{\rm O}_5/{\rm Si}{\rm O}_2$ coating has been found to exhibit a loss angle lower than $1.6\times10^{-5}$ near 30 {\rm MHz} at 4 {\rm K}. The results are compared to the previous measurements.

Published
2016
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14. Mechanical loss in state-of-the-art amorphous optical coatings

Author

Danièle Forest, Gianpietro Cagnoli, R. Flaminio, Alix Cajgfinger, Christophe Michel, Janyce Franc, M. Granata, N. Morgado, L. Pinard, Vincent Dolique, E. Saracco, Jerome Degallaix, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), and LIGO-Virgo

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Dissipation, Amorphous solid, Interferometry, Optical coating, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We present the results of mechanical characterizations of many different high-quality optical coatings made of ion-beam-sputtered titania-doped tantala and silica, developed originally for interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Our data show that in multi-layer stacks (like high-reflection Bragg mirrors, for example) the measured coating dissipation is systematically higher than the expectation and is correlated with the stress condition in the sample. This has a particular relevance for the noise budget of current advanced gravitational-wave interferometers, and, more generally, for any experiment involving thermal-noise limited optical cavities., Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures

Published
2016
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15. Material loss angles from direct measurements of broadband thermal noise

Author

A. E. Villar, Christophe Michel, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Laurent Pinard, N. Morgado, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Riccardo DeSalvo, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Vincenzo Pierro, Ilaria Taurasi, Eric D. Black, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Principe, M., Pinto, I. M., Pierro, V., Desalvo, R., Taurasi, I., Villar, A. E., Black, E. D., Libbrecht, K. G., Michel, C., Morgado, N., and Pinard, L.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Amorphous solid, Interferometry, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 010306 general physics, Material properties, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; We estimate the loss angles of the materials currently used in the highly reflective test-mass coatings of interferometric detectors of gravitational waves, namely Silica, Tantala, and Ti-doped Tantala, from direct measurement of coating thermal noise in an optical interferometer testbench, the Caltech TNI. We also present a simple predictive theory for the material properties of amorphous glassy oxide mixtures, which gives results in good agreement with our measurements on Ti-doped Tantala. Alternative measurement methods and results are reviewed, and some critical issues are discussed.

Published
2015
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16. Photometric calibration of an in situ broadband optical thickness monitoring of thin films in a large vacuum chamber

Author

Gianpietro Cagnoli, B. Lagrange, L. Pinard, Christophe Michel, David Jonathan Hofman, Benoit Sassolas, Julien Teillon, Laurent Balzarini, Bertrand David, Eleonore Barthelemy-Mazot, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, (1205240) Photometry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 010309 optics, Optics, Coating, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, (1205700) Reflection, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Calibration, engineering, Light beam, OCIS codes: (3101860) Deposition and fabrication, Vacuum chamber, Business and International Management, Thin film, Reflection coefficient, business, Optical depth
Abstract

International audience; To improve the in situ monitoring of thin films at the Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés, a broadband optical monitoring of the coated thin films was developed and installed in the biggest ion-beam sputtering machine in the world. Due to the configuration of the coating machine and the chamber strain under vacuum, a standard calibration procedure is impossible and a double-beam optical system is not suitable. A novel theoretical and practical solution to calibrate the measurements was found and is described in this paper. Some relevant results achieved thanks to this technique are discussed as well.

Published
2017
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17. Measurement of the optical absorption of bulk silicon at cryogenic temperature and the implication for the Einstein Telescope

Author

C. Schwarz, Ronny Nawrodt, M. Granata, R. Flaminio, J. Komma, D. Heinert, Gianpietro Cagnoli, L. Pinard, Danièle Forest, G. Hofmann, Christophe Michel, Jerome Degallaix, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany]

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Silicon, optical absorption PACS numbers: 7840Fy, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Cross section (physics), Einstein Telescope, 0480Nn, 0103 physical sciences, Crystalline silicon, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Boron, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Doping, 9555Ym, silicon, Interferometry, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We report in this article on the measurement of the optical absorption of moderately doped crystalline silicon samples at 1550 nm, which is a candidate material for the main optics of the low temperature interferometer of the Einstein Telescope (ET). We observe a nearly constant absorption from room temperature down to cryogenic temperatures for two silicon samples presenting an optical absorption of 0.029 cm −1 and 780 ppm cm −1 , both crystals doped with boron. This is in contradiction to what was assumed previously—a negligible optical absorption at low temperature due to the carrier freezeout. As the main consequence, if the silicon intrinsic absorption can not be lowered , the cross section of the mirror suspension of the ET must be increased to be able to carry away the excess heat generated by the partially absorbed laser beam during the operation of the interferometer.

Published
2014
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18. Measurements of mechanical thermal noise and energy dissipation in optical dielectric coatings

Author

Ludovic Bellon, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Jerome Degallaix, Christophe Michel, N. Morgado, Tianjun Li, Mickael Geitner, Vincent Dolique, R. Flaminio, Laurent Pinard, Danièle Forest, M. Granata, Felipe Aguilar Sandoval, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics ECNU, East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LABEX Lyon Institute of Origins (ANR-10-LABX-0066) of the Université de Lyon, financial support within the program 'Investissements d'Avenir' (ANR-11-IDEX-0007), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Thermal noise, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Annealing (metallurgy), FOS: Physical sciences, Dielectric, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Coating, Dielectric mirror, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], Composite material, 010306 general physics, Tantala, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, viscoelasticity, Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, coating, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Silica, Saulson model, dissipation, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Dissipation, internal damping, structural damping, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], dielectric mirror, Optical coating, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], engineering, annealing, Dielectric loss, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Order of magnitude, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

In recent years an increasing number of devices and experiments are shown to be limited by mechanical thermal noise. In particular sub-Hertz laser frequency stabilization and gravitational wave detectors, that are able to measure fluctuations of 1E-18 m/rtHz or less, are being limited by thermal noise in the dielectric coatings deposited on mirrors. In this paper we present a new measurement of thermal noise in low absorption dielectric coatings deposited on micro-cantilevers and we compare it with the results obtained from the mechanical loss measurements. The coating thermal noise is measured on the widest range of frequencies with the highest signal to noise ratio ever achieved. In addition we present a novel technique to deduce the coating mechanical losses from the measurement of the mechanical quality factor which does not rely on the knowledge of the coating and substrate Young moduli. The dielectric coatings are deposited by ion beam sputtering. The results presented here give a frequency independent loss angle of (4.70 $\pm$ 0.2)x1E-4 with a Young's modulus of 118 GPa for annealed tantala from 10 Hz to 20 kHz. For as-deposited silica, a weak frequency dependence (~ f^{-0.025}) is observed in this frequency range, with a Young's modulus of 70 GPa and an internal damping of (6.0 $\pm$ 0.3)x1E-4 at 16 kHz, but this value decreases by one order of magnitude after annealing and the frequency dependence disappears., Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

Published
2014
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19. Search for gravitational wave ringdowns from perturbed intermediate mass black holes in LIGO-Virgo data from 2005?2010

Author

Li-Wei Wei, Kenneth A. Strain, Fabio Marchesoni, Kyungmin Kim, G. Quiroga, Yi Pan, K. E. Ramirez, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Michaela Pickenpack, Simon Stevenson, David Hammer, Joseph O'Dell, Hartmut Grote, G. Losurdo, Albrecht Ruediger, Neil J. Cornish, Peter Aufmuth, Jiayi Qin, Sammanani S. Premachandra, Jamie Scott, V. Re, Bruce Gendre, Robinjeet Singh, M. Yvert, T. D. Abbott, Jong H. Chow, Ludovico Carbone, P. Couvares, Benno Willke, J. Bauchrowitz, F. Garufi, Cristina Torres, Denis Martynov, S. G. Crowder, Federico Ferrini, Marco Colombini, A. F. Brooks, Q. Chu, Szymon Steplewski, Gerardo Moreno, Chunnong Zhao, J. Macarthur, Karen Roland, G. Vajente, David H. Shoemaker, M. Tse, D. M. Macleod, M. Meinders, W. D. Vousden, Gianpietro Cagnoli, L. Wallace, J. Poeld, R. Frey, Christophe Collette, Zhixing Yang, Evan Ochsner, Vicky Kalogera, Larry R. Price, Elaine Rhoades, Adrien Le Roux, Ajay Kumar, M. Leonardi, Carl Adams, C. Belczynski, M. A. Barton, Alessandra Buonanno, Brian O'Reilly, D. B. Kelley, Matteo Lorenzini, Linqing Wen, S. E. Zuraw, C. Palomba, R. Chakraborty, B. L. Swinkels, D. Verkindt, G. Kang, Christelle Buy, César A. Costa, Xing Zhu, S. Privitera, F. Vetrano, M. K. Haris, T. Vo, C. Bradaschia, P. Oppermann, Michele Vallisneri, M. S. Shahriar, Joris van Heijningen, Sascha Husa, Sonali Mohapatra, P. T. Beyersdorf, Andrew Lundgren, Eliu Huerta, Szabolcs Marka, Timothy A Welborn, M. T. Hartman, V. Kringel, Marica Branchesi, N. Straniero, Alessio Rocchi, D. R. Ingram, Ryan Fisher, Ivan Maksimovic, K. Siellez, A. Conte, Steffen Kaufer, Jo van den Brand, Daniel Amariutei, Saps Buchman, L. Sammut, A. Ain, D. Bersanetti, K. Mailand, K. A. Hodge, Marilyne Andersen, Mauro Tonelli, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, Alessandro Bertolini, Duncan Meacher, B. Shapiro, Jonathan F. Stebbins, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Zhihui Du, V. P. Mitrofanov, Sanjit Mitra, R. Mittleman, Sharad Gaonkar, Ik Siong Heng, Cyrus Reed, T. Z. Summerscales, Nelson Christensen, Sunil Susmithan, Oliver Puncken, Tyson Littenberg, D. Lodhia, Neil Gehrels, R. Lynch, V. Boschi, Hee Cho, Kasem Mossavi, Deepak Nanda Kumar, Grant David Meadors, R. Coyne, Haixing Miao, S. L. Danilishin, G. Bogaert, M. Shaltev, D. C. Coyne, J. Aasi, Jade Powell, David H. Reitze, Yi-Ming Hu, Sweta Shah, K. Izumi, D. Passuello, Nicolas Leroy, M. Barsuglia, E. O. Lebigot, Vuk Mandic, Alberto Di Lieto, Ignacio Santiago-Prieto, G. Vedovato, W. Katzman, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, Richard Gustafson, Suvadeep Bose, Z. Márka, Tomasz Bulik, Alexander Ivanov, C. Affeldt, P. Thomas, Jean-Pierre Zendri, Trevor Sidery, H. Heitmann, Ryan DeRosa, V. Loriette, Francesco Salemi, Pierre-François Cohadon, V. Litvine, Gurumurthy Rajalakshmi, O. Bock, István Rácz, K. L. Dooley, Sabrina D'Antonio, Joshua Yablon, Warren Anderson, Eric K. Gustafson, Sina Koehlenbeck, Jocelyn Read, F. Carbognani, J. Logue, H. J. Bulten, S. Gossler, David Kinzel, Almir Alemic, P. J. Veitch, Amber Stuver, Sanichiro Yoshida, Badri Krishnan, T. P. Bodiya, C. Vorvick, Marc Normandin, Ettore Majorana, Gary McIntyre, M. Edwards, Peter Wessels, Rosa Poggiani, Erik Katsavounidis, Namjun Kim, François Bondu, P. Leaci, A. Colla, Sean Morriss, M. Factourovich, P. Astone, J. Betzwieser, V. Kondrashov, Lisa Barsotti, Bala R. Iyer, Kieran Craig, Shaun Hooper, Valeria Malvezzi, Warren W. Johnson, Jay Marx, Antoine Heidmann, Piotr Jaranowski, Florent Robinet, P. Raffai, Kyle Ryan, Mark Barbet, Samuel Franco, Eric Thrane, Eric W. James, Manasadevi Thirugnanasamba, Sarah Caudill, E. Goetz, Scott Koranda, T. t. Fricke, J. B. Kanner, A. R. Wade, Rainer Weiss, Xu Chen, G. Bergmann, L. Matone, T. Dayanga, Martin van Beuzekom, Les Wade, Irene Di Palma, Young-Min Kim, Albert Lazzarini, Anthony Kremin, Fausto Acernese, Rajesh Kumar, R. J. G. Jonker, H. Overmier, Robert M. S. Schofield, Jessica McIver, Sang Oh, G. Mazzolo, G. Kuehn, D. Barker, K. Wette, F. Ricci, N. Mazumder, R. Quitzow-James, R. Day, Vladimir B. Braginsky, Maik Frede, C. C. Yancey, Giacomo Ciani, A. Mullavey, John J. Oh, D. Sellers, Alastair Grant, N. Morgado, H. Vahlbruch, A. Cumming, C. M. Mow-Lowry, H. Fehrmann, J. Meidam, Lisa M. Goggin, K. Riles, F. Ohme, S. J. Chamberlin, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Calum Torrie, J. Hanks, J. Y. Vinet, Archana Pai, E. J. King, Hyun Lee, B. P. Abbott, Andrea Moggi, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Rory Smith, Hernan Daveloza, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, Edwin J. Son, D. Ugolini, S. Vass, F. Paoletti, P. Ruggi, J. Eichholz, M. J. Cowart, Keiko Kokeyama, Riccardo Sturani, Andrzej Królak, Laurent Pinard, Fumiko Kawazoe, Tristan Briant, Benjamin William Allen, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, E. Genin, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre, Graham Woan, Stuart Reid, Steven D. Penn, Yuri Minenkov, Laura Cadonati, Mohana Mageswaran, Veronica Lockett, N. Letendre, Karsten Danzmann, C. Aulbert, R. Cavalieri, Scott Dossa, H. Wittel, Walter Del Pozzo, Riccardo DeSalvo, C. Messenger, Bastian Schulz, R. Vincent-Finley, Jeffery Kline, H. Radkins, J. D. Lough, S. T. Countryman, S. H. Huttner, Fabrice Matichard, W. Kells, Jacob Scheuer, M. Jacobson, M. Weinert, P. Campsie, Michelle E. Walker, J. Birch, Katrin Dahl, A. Libson, M. Punturo, D. Hoak, D. Sentenac, Patrick Brady, Leopoldo Milano, Slawomir Gras, F. Fidecaro, S. Biscans, Fred Raab, Valentina D. Mangano, P. Baker, M. Mantovani, Andrew Melatos, E. Saracco, A. Brillet, Gary Hemming, Michail Agathos, A. Masserot, Santiago Caride, C. L. Mueller, B. Behnke, Matthew Heintze, Richard L. Savage, Alberto Vecchio, G. M. Harry, E. Oelker, K. Venkateswara, Benjamin Aylott, Daniel Kozak, Martina Neri, A. S. Bell, John Miller, T. Prestegard, Charles Celerier, Craig Lawrie, Lee Samuel Finn, Fafhan Feroz, Soma Mukherjee, R. L. McCarthy, Yuri Levin, Thanh Vinh Nguyen, David Blair, Vincenzo Dattilo, E. Coccia, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, Dmitry Simakov, M. Brinkmann, L. Prokhorov, Will M. Farr, Elisabetta Cesarini, Troy Williams, Neil Gordon, Patrice Hello, Nancy Aggarwal, Robert Stone, Jordan Camp, James S. Clark, M. J. Hart, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Malik Rakhmanov, A. Pasqualetti, Roman Schnabel, J. G. Rollins, F. Y. Khalili, F. Travasso, Michał Bejger, Timo Denker, Luke Williams, J. C. Driggers, L. Austin, A. M. Gretarsson, A. R. Williamson, D. Feldbaum, S. Verma, A. Mytidis, J. E. Brau, L. Martinelli, Susan M. Scott, F. Marion, Efim A. Khazanov, Michael Thomas, A. Effler, Xiaoge Wang, Irene Fiori, G. Ballardin, Moritz Mehmet, David Stops, David Coward, Li Ju, Oleg Palashov, Daniel A. Shaddock, Adam Mercer, A. Basti, Philipp Moesta, Michael Rodruck, A. Allocca, Vincent Dolique, G. Valdes, Walter Winkler, Huan Yang, A. Perreca, M. Drago, B. Hughey, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Sheon Chua, M. Phelps, C. J. Guido, Paul Hopkins, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, A. S. Markosyan, J. Hanson, Robert Taylor, B. C. Stephens, Mátyás Vasúth, Koji Arai, P. G. Murray, Cody Arceneaux, Fan Zhang, Brian Moe, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Vaibhav Tiwari, Shin Chung, E. Chassande-Mottin, Martin Mohan, Th. Bauer, Michael E Zucker, D. S. Rabeling, Ron Burman, Riccardo Bassiri, Joseph Gleason, V. Fafone, Guido Mueller, Tito Dal Canton, Christophe Michel, Sheila Rowan, Massimiliano Bitossi, Timothy MacDonald, Alan G. Wiseman, K. E. Gushwa, Fabien Kéfélian, E. Maros, J. H. Hough, Rocco Romano, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, Chad Hanna, M. Kasprzack, Paul Fulda, Ling Kuo, G. Debreczeni, S. E. Gossan, Shane L. Larson, F. Clara, Mary West, F. Magaña-Sandoval, J.-P. Coulon, M. Was, Susanne Milde, A. Staley, H. Vocca, Roy Williams, M. Tacca, Kipp Cannon, Carl-Johan Haster, A. Giazotto, E. Schreiber, Todd Adams, Roland Schilling, Matthew Evans, E. Cuoco, Douglas R. Cook, David Murphy, T. Isogai, R. S. Ottens, Ilaria Nardecchia, Michele Zanolin, S. Doravari, Ilya Mandel, Alex Nitz, Igor Neri, Jaclyn Sanders, J. S. Areeda, V. Sequino, Ruth A. Anderson, P. Kwee, Jeffrey Lewis, Fabrizio Barone, Jesper Munch, Leo Singer, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, T. J. Massinger, R. Inta, R. W. P. Drever, C. Padilla, I. Ferrante, C. Mishra, J. K. Blackburn, Stephen S. Eikenberry, Innocenzo M. Pinto, J. Marque, Kat Grover, H. J. Jang, K. Haughian, S. Klimenko, Charlotte Bond, I. Kowalska, R. L. Ward, A. L. Lombardi, Corey Gray, M. Heurs, M. Boer, J. Steinlechner, A. S. Sengupta, P. Charlton, Gianluca Gemme, S. C. McGuire, Zsolt Frei, Marine Ducrot, G. D. Hammond, Anatoly Poteomkin, Angie Lin, M. Lormand, Máté Nagy, Sarah Recchia, R. Essick, D. Rosińska, S. P. Tarabrin, P. Puppo, D. Talukder, Nam Gyu Kim, M. Prijatelj, Jan Harms, R. Passaquieti, Marie-Anne Bizouard, G. Manca, Richard A. Matzner, S. Kandhasamy, B. Sorazu, Eric Quintero, J. C. Barayoga, R. Gouaty, Alexander Khalaidovski, E. Macdonald, Anthony Castiglia, Rosario DeRosa, H. Yamamoto, H. R. Paris, G. A. Prodi, John Worden, Alessandra Corsi, Viswanath Bavigadda, Nergis Mavalvala, Francisco Jimenez-Forteza, M. H. Wimmer, J. Greenhalgh, Chris Pankow, Junghyun Lee, F. Piergiovanni, Jerome Degallaix, Chang-Hwan Lee, Giancarlo Cella, A. Kutynia, C. Bogan, Tarun Souradeep, B. Mours, E. J. Daw, A. Gennai, A. Chiummo, F. Nocera, D. J. White, Alicia M. Sintes, Mark Lubinski, Igor Yakushin, M. Davier, J. Prasad, S. Grunewald, Kevin M. McLin, Nary-Catherine Man, Luca Gammaitoni, Andrea Chincarini, Steven Bloemen, Paolo Addesso, K. D. Giardina, M. Razzano, M. Born, D. Buskulic, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, C. Gill, Angela Di Virgilio, Jonathan R. Gair, Chris Van Den Broeck, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Damjanic, F. Martelli, Michael Smith, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Husne Dereli, Harald Lueck, F. Cleva, S. Meshkov, S. Farinon, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Eric Howell, Huang-Wei Pan, Gijs Nelemans, T. B. Edo, Thomas Dent, Vladimir Dergachev, Eric D. Black, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Lindy Blackburn, S. 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Wang, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), IVC Lab, Lenovo Research, Lenovo, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France ( PCC ), Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, ESPCI ParisTech, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Aasi, J., Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Alemic, A., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Amariutei, D., Andersen, M., Anderson, R., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C., Areeda, J., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Austin, L., Aylott, B. E., Babak, S., Baker, P. T., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barbet, M., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bauchrowitz, J., Bauer, T. h. S., Bavigadda, V., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Beker, M. G., Belczynski, C., Bell, A. S., Bell, C., Benacquista, M., Bergmann, G., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beyersdorf, P. T., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Biscans, S., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. A., Black, E., Blackburn, J. K., Blackburn, L., Blair, D., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonelli, L., Bonnand, R., Bork, R., Born, M., Boschi, V., Sukanta, Bose, Bosi, L., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Bridges, D. O., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brckner, F., Buchman, S., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burman, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Caldern Bustillo, J., Calloni, Enrico, Camp, J. B., Campsie, P., Cannon, K. C., Canuel, B., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Carbognani, F., Carbone, L., Caride, S., Castiglia, A., Caudill, S., Cavagli, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Celerier, C., Cella, G., Cepeda, C., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande Mottin, E., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Chow, J., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. F., Colla, A., Collette, C., Colombini, M., Cominsky, L., Constancio, M., Conte, A., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cordier, M., Cornish, N., Corpuz, A., Corsi, A., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S., Coulon, J. P., Countryman, S., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dahl, K., Dal Canton, T., Damjanic, M., Danilishin, S. L., Dantonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dattilo, V., Daveloza, H., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., Dayanga, T., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., Delglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., DE ROSA, Rosario, Derosa, R. T., Desalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Daz, M., Di Fiore, L., Di Lieto, A., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dolique, V., Donath, A., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dossa, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S., Eberle, T., Edo, T., Edwards, M., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Endrczi, G., Essick, R., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Feldbaum, D., Feroz, F., Ferrante, I., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Finn, L. S., Fiori, I., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fournier, J. D., Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frede, M., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gair, J., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S., Garufi, Fabio, Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, C., Gleason, J., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Goggin, L. M., Gondan, L., Gonzlez, G., Gordon, N., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S., Goler, S., Gouaty, R., Grf, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greenhalgh, R. J. S., Gretarsson, A. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grover, K., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guido, C., Gushwa, K., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hammer, D., Hammond, G., Hanke, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hanson, J., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Harstad, E. D., Hart, M., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. J., Haughian, K., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hewitson, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Holt, K., Hooper, S., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y., Huerta, E., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh, M., Huynh Dinh, T., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isogai, T., Ivanov, A., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacobson, M., James, E., Jang, H., Jaranowski, P., Ji, Y., Jimnez Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Haris, K, Kalmus, P., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karlen, J., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, H., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., Kflian, F., Keiser, G. M., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khazanov, E. A., Kim, C., Kim, K., Kim, N., Kim, N. G., Kim, Y. M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Kline, J., Koehlenbeck, S., Kokeyama, K., Kondrashov, V., Koranda, S., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kremin, A., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Krlak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, A., Nanda Kumar, D., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwee, P., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Larson, S., Lasky, P. D., Lawrie, C., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, J., Leonardi, M., Leong, J. R., Le Roux, A., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Levine, B., Lewis, J., T. G. F., Li, Libbrecht, K., Libson, A., Lin, A. C., Littenberg, T. B., Litvine, V., Lockerbie, N. A., Lockett, V., Lodhia, D., Loew, K., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J., Lubinski, M. J., Lck, H., Luijten, E., Lundgren, A. P., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macarthur, J., Macdonald, E. P., Macdonald, T., Machenschalk, B., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magana Sandoval, F., Mageswaran, M., Maglione, C., Mailand, K., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Manca, G. M., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mangini, N., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Mrka, S., Mrka, Z., Markosyan, A., Maros, E., Marque, J., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinelli, L., Martynov, D., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Matzner, R. A., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mcguire, S. C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., Mclin, K., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Meidam, J., Meinders, M., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Meyers, P., Miao, H., Michel, C., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, Leopoldo, Milde, S., Miller, J., Minenkov, Y., Mingarelli, C. M. F., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moe, B., Moesta, P., Moggi, A., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morgado, N., Morriss, S. R., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Mukherjee, S., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murphy, D., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nagy, M. F., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Necula, V., Nelemans, G., Neri, I., Neri, M., Newton, G., Nguyen, T., Nitz, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Normandin, M. E. N., Nuttall, L. K., Ochsner, E., Odell, J., Oelker, E., J. J., Oh, S. H., Oh, Ohme, F., Oppermann, P., Oreilly, B., Oshaughnessy, R., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Padilla, C., Pai, A., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pan, H., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Paoletti, F., Papa, M. A., Paris, H., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Pedraza, M., Penn, S., Perreca, A., Phelps, M., Pichot, M., Pickenpack, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Poeld, J., Poggiani, R., Poteomkin, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Premachandra, S., Prestegard, T., Price, L. R., Prijatelj, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Qin, J., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E., Quiroga, G., Quitzow James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Rcz, I., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajalakshmi, G., Rakhmanov, M., Ramet, C., Ramirez, K., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Re, V., Read, J., Recchia, S., Reed, C. M., Regimbau, T., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rhoades, E., Ricci, F., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rodruck, M., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. 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A., Straniero, N., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Susmithan, S., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tarabrin, S. P., Taylor, R., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Tse, M., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Urbanek, K., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Vallisneri, M., van Beuzekom, M., van den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., van der Sluys, M. V., van Heijningen, J., van Veggel, A. A., Vass, S., Vasth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Verma, S. S., Vetrano, F., Vicer, A., Vincent Finley, R., Vinet, J. Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vousden, W. D., Vyachanin, S. P., Wade, A., Wade, L., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Wang, M., Wang, X., Ward, R. L., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Wessels, P., West, M., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Wiesner, K., Wilkinson, C., Williams, K., Williams, L., Williams, R., Williams, T., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wiseman, A. G., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Yablon, J., Yakushin, I., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, H., Yang, Z., Yoshida, S., Yvert, M., Zadrony, A., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. P., Fan, Zhang, Zhang, L., Zhao, C., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S., Zweizig, J., Pinto, Innocenzo, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), (Astro)-Particles Physics, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Louisiana State University, INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Università di Salerno, University of Florida, LIGO Livingston Observatory, Cardiff University, Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Nikhef, LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Syracuse University, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Leibniz Universität Hannover, INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Università di Siena, Stanford University, University of Mississippi, California State University Fullerton, INFN, Sezione di Roma, University of Birmingham, Montana State University, European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), LIGO Hanford Observatory, SUPA, University of Glasgow, APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Columbia University, Università di Pisa, CAMK-PAN, Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, University of Texas at Brownsville, INFN, Sezione Genova, Università Degli Studi di Genova, San Jose State University, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, LAL, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Western Australia, Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Washington State University, INFN, Sezione di Perugia, INFN, Sezione di Firenze, Università Degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, University of Oregon, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, VU University Amsterdam, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. 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G., Università di Perugia, Accuray Inc., Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, American University, University of Adelaide, Raman Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Białystok University, University of Southampton, IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Hanyang University, IM-PAN, NCBJ, Institute for Plasma Research, University of Melbourne, INFN, Sezione di Padova, Monash University, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, ESPCI, CNRS, Argentinian Gravitational Wave Group, Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Texas at Austin, Southern University and AandM College, College of William and Mary, IISER-Kolkata, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, RRCAT, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Institute of Astronomy, Indian Institute of Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Andrews University, Trinity University, University of Washington, Southeastern Louisiana University, Abilene Christian University, INFN, Sezione di Genova, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI)

Subjects
SPACE-TELESCOPE EVIDENCE, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astronomy, Pacs number: 04.70.-s, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pacs number: 04.80.Nn, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, GLOBULAR-CLUSTER M15, Gravitational waves, black holes, interferometer, CORE, Quantum Cosmology, gravitational wave, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, EQUATIONS, QC, QB, Physics, Pacs number: 07.05.Kf, Oscillation, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, CANDIDATE, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, PERTURBATIONS, Pacs number: 95.85.Sz, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Gravitational wave, General Relativity, Stellar mass, General relativity, MERGERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, FIELD, COLLAPSE, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, BINARY, Mass ratio, LIGO, 13. Climate action, Globular cluster, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

We report results from a search for gravitational waves produced by perturbed intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) in data collected by LIGO and Virgo between 2005 and 2010. The search was sensitive to astrophysical sources that produced damped sinusoid gravitational wave signals, also known as ringdowns, with frequency $50\le f_{0}/\mathrm{Hz} \le 2000$ and decay timescale $0.0001\lesssim \tau/\mathrm{s} \lesssim 0.1$ characteristic of those produced in mergers of IMBH pairs. No significant gravitational wave candidate was detected. We report upper limits on the astrophysical coalescence rates of IMBHs with total binary mass $50 \le M/\mathrm{M}_\odot \le 450$ and component mass ratios of either 1:1 or 4:1. For systems with total mass $100 \le M/\mathrm{M}_\odot \le 150$, we report a 90%-confidence upper limit on the rate of binary IMBH mergers with non-spinning and equal mass components of $6.9\times10^{-8}\,$Mpc$^{-3}$yr$^{-1}$. We also report a rate upper limit for ringdown waveforms from perturbed IMBHs, radiating 1% of their mass as gravitational waves in the fundamental, $\ell=m=2$, oscillation mode, that is nearly three orders of magnitude more stringent than previous results., Comment: for the science summary, see http://www.ligo.org/science/Publication-S5S6RD/index.php

Published
2014
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20. External cavity enhancement of picosecond pulses with 28,000 cavity finesse

Author

Karoly Osvay, R. Flaminio, Péter Jójárt, R. Chiche, Fabian Zomer, L. Pinard, Alessandro Variola, V. Soskov, Adam Borzsonyi, Eric Cormier, Christophe Michel, University of Szeged [Szeged], Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-08-BLAN-0280,MightLaser,Amplification dans une cavité Fabry-Perot d'un laser à fibre picoseconde de très forte puissance moyenne. Application à la production de rayons gamma par interaction Compton.(2008), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Dept. Accelerateurs, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
PHASE, External cavity, POWER, Phase (waves), FREQUENCY, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Finesse, RESONATORS, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Pulse wave, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, REPETITION-RATE, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Pulse (physics), Picosecond, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Whispering-gallery wave, COMB, business, Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Abstract

International audience; We report on the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of the locking of a Fabry–Perot cavity with a finesse of 28,000 in the pulsed regime. The system is based on a stable picosecond oscillator, an ultrastable cavity with high-reflection mirrors, and an all-numerical feedback system that allows efficient and independent control of the repetition rate and the pulse to pulse carrier-to-envelop phase drift (CEP). We show that the carrier to envelop phase can have a dramatic effect even for pulses with hundreds of cycles. Moreover, we have succeeded in unambiguously measuring the CEP of a 2 ps pulse train. Finally, we discuss the potential of our findings to reach the MW average power level stored in an external cavity enhancement architecture.

Published
2013
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21. Bulk optical absorption of high resistivity silicon at 1550 nm

Author

M. Granata, Danièle Forest, Teddy Bertrand, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Christophe Michel, R. Flaminio, L. Pinard, Jerome Degallaix, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, High resistivity silicon, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Silicon, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, technology, industry, and agriculture, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, eye diseases, 010309 optics, Optics, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Crystalline silicon, sense organs, 010306 general physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business, Refractive index, Laser beams
Abstract

We report on the measurement of the optical absorption of bulk crystalline silicon at 1550 nm. Using the photodeflection technique, absorption as low as 5 ppm/cm has been measured on a sample with a resistivity of 10 kΩ⋅cm . The absorption as a function of the resistivity has been derived for n-type silicon.

Published
2013
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22. Cryogenic measurements of mechanical loss of high-reflectivity coating and estimation of thermal noise

Author

J. H. Hough, Danièle Forest, Salim Otmani, N. Morgado, M. J. Hart, Christophe Michel, W. R. Cunningham, Sheila Rowan, J. Hennig, L. Pinard, Gianpietro Cagnoli, M. Granata, Ian MacLaren, I. W. Martin, Jerome Degallaix, Kieran Craig, Cécile Carcy, R. Flaminio, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, High reflectivity, Spectral density, Absorption loss, Dielectric, engineering.material, Atmospheric temperature range, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Transmittance, engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

We report on low-frequency measurements of the mechanical loss of a high-quality (transmissivity T

Published
2013
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23. High quality factor mg-scale silicon mechanical resonators for 3-mode optoacoustic parametric amplifiers

Author

David Blair, Christophe Michel, Francis Achilles Torres, Kai-Yu Liu, Chunnong Zhao, Isabelle Roch-Jeune, Li Ju, R. Flaminio, Phillip Meng, Shiuh Chao, Mariusz Martyniuk, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Signal, Resonator, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Parametric statistics, Photoacoustic effect, business.industry, Amplifier, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Vibration, Vibration isolation, Q factor, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

Milligram-scale resonators have been shown to be suitable for the creation of 3-mode optoacoustic parametric amplifiers, based on a phenomena first predicted for advanced gravitational-wave detectors. To achieve practical optoacoustic parametric amplification, high quality factor resonators are required. We present millimetre-scale silicon resonators designed to exhibit a torsional vibration mode with a frequency in the 10^5 - 10^6 Hz range, for observation of 3-mode optoacoustic interactions in a compact table-top system. Our design incorporates an isolation stage and minimizes the acoustic loss from optical coating. We observe a quality factor of 7.5 x 10^5 for a mode frequency of 401.5 kHz, at room temperature and pressure of 10^-3 Pa. We confirmed the mode shape by mapping the amplitude response across the resonator and comparing to finite element modelling. This study contributes towards the development of 3-mode optoacoustic parametric amplifiers for use in novel high-sensitivity signal transducers and quantum measurement experiments., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables

Published
2013
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24. Towards the experimental demonstration of quantum radiation pressure noise

Author

Michael Bahriz, Rémy Braive, Thomas Antoni, Pierre-François Cohadon, L. Pinard, Alexios Beveratos, Tristan Briant, A. Tavernarakis, Isabelle Sagnes, Izo Abram, R. Flaminio, Slawomir Gras, C. Molinelli, Pierre Verlot, Christophe Michel, Antoine Heidmann, Aurélien Kuhn, Olivier Le Traon, Isabelle Robert-Philip, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mesures et Bruits Fondamentaux, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ (UMR_7162)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, and ONERA

Subjects
Physics, Quantum optics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Quantum noise, General Engineering, Shot noise, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, Radiation pressure, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, business, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Quantum radiation pressure noise has never been experimentally demonstrated, though it has been predicted for more than thirty years. It is, however, expected to limit the low-frequency sensitivity of second generation gravitational-wave interferometers. We have demonstrated classical radiation-pressure-induced correlations between two optical beams sent into the same high-finesse cavity with a moving mirror. Our two-beam scheme can be used to retrieve quantum noise embedded in an overwhelming classical noise, and has applications both in high-sensitivity measurements and in quantum optics.

Published
2011
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25. Twin mirrors for laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors

Author

Christophe Michel, J. Franc, R. Flaminio, Aline Lacoudre, L. Pinard, D. Forest, N. Morgado, Quentin Benoit, J.-L. Montorio, Massimo Galimberti, Benoit Sassolas, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, 010309 optics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Optics, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Light beam, Business and International Management, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Michelson interferometer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, LIGO, Interferometry, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Gravitational-wave detectors such as Virgo and the laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) use a long-baseline Michelson interferometer with Fabry–Perot cavities in the arms to search for gravitational waves. The symmetry between the two Fabry–Perot cavities is crucial to reduce the interferometer’s sensitivity to the laser amplitude and frequency noise. To this purpose, the transmittance of the mirrors in both cavities should be as close as possible. This paper describes the realization and the characterization of the first twin large low-loss mirrors with transmissions differing by less than 0.01%.

Published
2011
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26. Measurement of thermal noise in multilayer coatings with optimized layer thickness

Author

A. E. Villar, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Christophe Michel, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Vincenzo Pierro, Ilaria Taurasi, N. Morgado, Laurent Pinard, Eric D. Black, Vincenzo Galdi, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Riccardo DeSalvo, Villar, A. E., Black, E. D., Desalvo, R., Libbrecht, K. G., Michel, C., Morgado, N., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pierro, V., Galdi, V., Principe, M., and Taurasi, I.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Particle detector, Wavelength, Optics, Optical coating, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Measuring instrument, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

A standard quarter-wavelength multilayer optical coating will produce the highest reflectivity for a given number of coating layers, but in general it will not yield the lowest thermal noise for a prescribed reflectivity. Coatings with the layer thicknesses optimized to minimize thermal noise could be useful in future generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors where coating thermal noise is expected to limit the sensitivity of the instrument. We present the results of direct measurements of the thermal noise of a standard quarter-wavelength coating and a low noise optimized coating. The measurements indicate a reduction in thermal noise in line with modeling predictions., 8 pages, 14 figures

Published
2010
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27. A micromechanical resonator to reach the quantum regime

Author

Antoine Heidmann, R. Flaminio, Pierre-François Cohadon, L. Pinard, Michael Bahriz, O. Ducloux, C. Molinelli, S. Masson, Christophe Michel, Denis Janiaud, Aurélien Kuhn, Tristan Briant, O. Le Traon, Girod, Dominique, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Dielectric resonator antenna, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Output coupler, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Resonator, Surface micromachining, Interferometry, Optics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Q factor, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Helical resonator, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for the observation of its quantum ground state (QGS). To reach QGS, a high frequency resonator with the lowest possible mass and the highest possible quality factor, coupled with an extremely sensitive measurement technique, has to be implemented. Using a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity with a mirror coated on the resonator, we expect benefits from the unique sensitivity of optical interferometry (10−38 m2/Hz) and from the optomechanical coupling between the light and the micro-resonator both to laser cool the resonator down to its ground state and to observe its residual quantum position fluctuations. We present the resonator we have developed for that purpose, which takes advantage from the high intrinsic quality factor of single crystal quartz and is designed to obtain a high resonance frequency (a few MHz) as well as a low mass (a few tens of µg). A length extension mode is used in order to avoid any deformation of the mirror surface and so to preserve the intrinsic quality factor of the resonator. A dedicated crystallographic orientation and a beam equilateral cross-section have been defined with respect to the quartz trigonal symmetry, allowing the micromachining of the resonator by wet etching. A beam cross-section area of 10−2 mm2 has been chosen to ease the deposit of the multilayered mirror. First mechanical characterizations of the resonator give a resonance frequency of 3.6 MHz, with a 25 µg mass and a quality factor of 390 000. Next steps will be the coating of the low-loss mirror on the resonator and its implementation in the Fabry-Perot cavity.

Published
2010

28. EUV near normal incidence collector development at SAGEM

Author

R. Mercier Ythier, Andre Rinchet, Benoit Sassolas, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Marie-Françoise Ravet-Krill, Christophe Michel, Roland Geyl, Laurent Pinard, Elodie Roméo, Xavier Bozec, R. Flaminio, Christophe Hecquet, N. Morgado, Franck Delmotte, J.-L. Montorio, SAGEM Défense Sécurité [Massy], Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Computer cooling, business.industry, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Polishing, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Design for manufacturability, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Extreme ultraviolet, 0103 physical sciences, Water cooling, Silicon carbide, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Through its participation to European programs, SAGEM has worked on the design and manufacturing of normal incidence collectors for EUV sources. By opposition to grazing incidence, normal incidence collectors are expected to collect more light with a simpler and cheaper design. Designs are presented for the two current types of existing sources: Discharge Produced Plasma (DPP) and Laser Produced Plasma (LPP). Collection efficiency is calculated in both cases. It is shown that these collectors can achieve about 10 % efficiency for DPP sources and 40 % for LPP sources. SAGEM works on the collectors manufacturability are also presented, including polishing, coating and cooling. The feasibility of polishing has been demonstrated with a roughness better than 2 angstroms obtained on several materials (glass, silicon, Silicon Carbide, metals...). SAGEM is currently working with the Institut d'Optique and the Laboratoire des Materiaux Avances on the design and the process of EUV coatings for large mirrors. Lastly, SAGEM has studied the design and feasibility of an efficient thermal control, based on a liquid cooling through slim channels machined close to the optical surface.

Published
2008
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29. The BMV experiment : a novel apparatus to study the propagation of light in a transverse magnetic field

Author

Jacques Vigué, Benoit Pinto Da Souza, Carlo Rizzo, Laurent Pinard, Marc Nardone, Cécile Robilliard, Sebastien Batut, G. Trénec, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Christophe Michel, Oliver Portugall, Gilles Bailly, Remy Battesti, Geert L. J. A. Rikken, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés (LNCMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Interférométrie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Finesse, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Transverse magnetic field, Magnet, 0103 physical sciences, Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

In this paper, we describe in detail the BMV (Bir\'efringence Magn\'etique du Vide) experiment, a novel apparatus to study the propagation of light in a transverse magnetic field. It is based on a very high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity and on pulsed magnets specially designed for this purpose. We justify our technical choices and we present the current status and perspectives., Comment: To be published in the European Physical Journal D

Published
2008
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30. Experimental optomechanics with silicon micromirrors

Author

Lionel Rousseau, Pierre-François Cohadon, Tristan Briant, Olivier Français, Laurent Pinard, Olivier Arcizet, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Christophe Michel, Antoine Heidmann, C. Molinelli, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electronique, Systèmes de communication et Microsystèmes (ESYCOM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)

Subjects
Silicon, Measure (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Resonator, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Optomechanics, Quantum optics, Physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Ground state
Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the high-sensitivity optical monitoring of moving micromirrors, made of low-loss dielectric coatings upon silicon resonators of various shapes and sizes. The very high optical finesses obtained (\mathcal{F}\simeq 30\,000 ) have allowed us to measure the thermal noise of the micromirrors at room temperature with a shot-noise limited sensitivity at the 10^{-19}\,{\rm m}/\sqrt{\rm Hz} level and to completely characterize their mechanical behavior, in excellent agreement with the results of a finite-element computation. Applications of such optomechanical systems range from quantum optics experiments to the experimental demonstration of the quantum ground state of a macroscopic mechanical resonator.

Published
2008
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31. Titania-doped tantala/silica coatings for gravitational-wave detection

Author

Ian MacLaren, Steven D. Penn, Chinyere Nwabugwu, Laurent Pinard, A. E. Villar, Martin M. Fejer, Peter H. Sneddon, Gregory M. Harry, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Christophe Michel, Roger K. Route, K. L. Dooley, Andres E. Becerra-Toledo, Helena Armandula, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Matt Eichenfield, Sheila Rowan, Matthew R. Abernathy, Alban Remillieux, Eric D. Black, Colin R. How, P. G. Murray, J. H. Hough, David Crooks, P. Ganau, Stuart Reid, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 04.80.Nn, 62.40.+i, 95.55.Ym, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Silica coating, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Doping, Interferometry, Optical coating, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Optoelectronics, business, Caltech Library Services
Abstract

Reducing thermal noise from optical coatings is crucial to reaching the required sensitivity in next generation interferometric gravitational-waves detectors. Here we show that adding TiO$_2$ to Ta$_2$O$_5$ in Ta$_2$O$_5$/SiO$_2$ coatings reduces the internal friction and in addition present data confirming it reduces thermal noise. We also show that TiO$_2$-doped Ta$_2$O$_5$/SiO$_2$ coatings are close to satisfying the optical absorption requirements of second generation gravitational-wave detectors.

Published
2007
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32. I.B.S. coatings on large substrates: Towards an improvement of the mechanical and optical performances

Author

Jean-Luc Montorio, Alban Remillieux, Bernard Lagrange, P. Ganau, Danièle Forest, Renée Pignard, N. Morgado, Laurent Pinard, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Christophe Michel, Girod, Dominique, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VIRGO

Subjects
Wavefront, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Scattering, Virgo interferometer, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, Phase shifting interferometry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Q factor, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, business, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

présenté par A. Remillieux; Large mirrors (350 mm), having extremely low optical loss (absorption, scattering, wavefront) were coated for the VIRGO interferometer. The new mirror generation needs better wavefront and lower mechanical loss. The first results are discussed.

Published
2004

33. Original optical metrologies of large components

Author

B. Lagrange, Renée Pignard, Bernard Cimma, Alban Remillieux, J.-L. Montorio, P. Ganau, N. Morgado, Christophe Michel, Laurent Pinard, Danielle Forest, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Girod, Dominique, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VIRGO

Subjects
Materials science, Optical metrology, stitching interferometry, Surface finish, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Image stitching, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Calibration, 010306 general physics, roughness, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], birefringence, business.industry, scattering, Metrology, Interferometry, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Profilometer, Spatial frequency, business, absorption
Abstract

présentée par A. Remillieux; The coating deposition on large optical components (diameter 350 mm) has required the development of new metrology tools at 1064 nm. To give realistic values of the optical performances, the whole surface of the component needs to be scanned. Our scatterometer (commercial system) has been upgraded to support large and heavy samples. The other metrology tools are prototypes we have developed. We can mention the absorption (photothermal effect) and birefringence bench, a control interferometer equipped with an original stitching option, the optical profilometer (RMS roughness and small defect measurements). A detailed description of these metrology benches will be exposed. Their sensitivity, accuracy and capability to map the optical properties of substrates or mirrors will be discussed. We will describe the recent developments: the stitching option adapted to the Micromap profilometer to measure the RMS roughness on larger area (exploration of a new spatial frequency domain), the accurate bulk absorption calibration.

Published
2004

34. Large mirror surface control by corrective coating

Author

L. Pinard, Frédérique Marion, B. Lagrange, R. Flaminio, Pierre Mugnier, Laurent Giacobone, E. Pacaud, B. Mours, Christophe Michel, Romain Bonnand, Jerome Degallaix, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VIRGO

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Gravitational-wave observatory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Flatness (systems theory), Polishing, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Surface coating, Interferometry, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], engineering, Astronomical interferometer, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

The Advanced Virgo gravitational wave detector aims at a sensitivity ten times better than the initial LIGO and Virgo detectors. This implies very stringent requirement on the optical losses in the interferometer arm cavities. In this paper we focus on the mirrors which form the interferometer arm cavities and that require a surface figure error to be well below one nanometre on a diameter of 150 mm. This 'sub-nanometric flatness' is not achievable by classical polishing on such a large diameter. Therefore we present the corrective coating technique which has been developed to reach this requirement. Its principle is to add a non-uniform thin film on top of the substrate in order to flatten its surface. In this paper we will introduce the Advanced Virgo requirements and present the basic principle of the corrective coating technique. Then we show the results obtained experimentally on an initial Virgo substrate. Finally we provide an evaluation of the round-trip losses in the Fabry-Perot arm cavities once the corrected surface is used.

Published
2013
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35. Ion beam sputtering coatings on large substrates: toward an improvement of the mechanical and optical performances

Author

Renée Pignard, B. Lagrange, Danièle Forest, P. Ganau, N. Morgado, Alban Remillieux, Laurent Pinard, J.-L. Montorio, Bernard Cimma, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Christophe Michel, Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VIRGO

Subjects
Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Virgo interferometer, engineering.material, Optics at surfaces : Thin films, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, Tantalum pentoxide, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Materials : Optical materials, Business and International Management, Thin film, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Wavefront, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Scattering, Instrumentation measurement and metrology : Interferometry, Interferometry, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], engineering, business
Abstract

Large mirrors (∅350 mm) having extremely low optical loss (absorption, scattering, wavefront) were coated for the VIRGO interferometer. The new generation of mirrors needs to have a better wavefront and lower mechanical loss. To improve the component wavefront, the corrective coating technique was used. By doping the tantalum pentoxide layers, we improved, for the first time to our knowledge, the multilayer mechanical loss. The first results are discussed.

Published
2006
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