111 results on '"Zheng Duan"'
Search Results
2. A novel hybrid dragonfly optimization algorithm for agricultural drought prediction
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Pouya Aghelpour, Hadigheh Bahrami-Pichaghchi, Saeid Mehdizadeh, and Babak Mohammadi
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Mean squared error ,Optimization algorithm ,Stochastic modelling ,business.industry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Support vector machine ,Water balance ,Agriculture ,Statistics ,Environmental Chemistry ,Autoregressive–moving-average model ,Time series ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Mathematics - Abstract
Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is known as a robust agricultural drought index since it considers the water balance conditions in the soil. It has been widely used as a reference index for monitoring agricultural drought. In this study, the PDSI time series were calculated for nine synoptic stations to monitor agricultural drought in semi-arid region located at Zagros mountains of Iran. Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) was used as the stochastic model while Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied as Machine Learning (ML)-based techniques. According to the time series analysis of PDSI, for the driest months the most PDSI drought events are normal drought and mild drought conditions. As an innovation, Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) was used in this study to optimize the SVM’s parameters, called as the hybrid SVM-DA model. It is worthy to mention that the hybrid SVM-DA is developed as a meta-innovative model for the first time in hydrological studies. The novel hybrid SVM-DA paradigm could improve the SVM’s accuracy up to 29% in predicting PDSI and therefore was found as the superior model. The best statistics for this model were obtained as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 0.817, Normalized RMSE (NRMSE) = 0.097, Wilmott Index (WI) = 0.940, and R = 0.889. The Mean Absolute Error values of the PDSI predictions via the novel SVM-DA model were under 0.6 for incipient drought, under 0.7 for mild and moderate droughts. In general, the error values in severe and extreme droughts were more than the other classes; however, the hybrid SVM-DA was the best-performing model in most of the cases.
- Published
- 2021
3. Bistatic scattering simulations of circular and linear polarizations over land surface for signals of opportunity reflectometry
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Shuanggen Jin, Jin Xu, Song Yezhi, and Xuerui Wu
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Forward scatter ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Satellite system ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,SoOp Refletometry ,Polarization ,Radiative transfer ,Reflectometry ,lcsh:Science ,Water content ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Physics ,Vegetation ,Bistatic scattering ,Scattering ,GNSS-R ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Polarization (waves) ,lcsh:Geology ,GNSS applications ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,Soil moisture - Abstract
Signals of Opportunity Reflectometry (SoOp-R) employs the communication system, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellation and other potential Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) as the transmitters. In recent years, it has gained increased interests. Several experiments have been carried out, however it is still in the initial development stage. Theoretical predictions of SoOp Reflectometry for land surface parameters detection, such as soil moisture and vegetation biomass, should be carried out simultaneously. Meanwhile, at present less works are paid attention to the polarization study of the polarizations. The first-order radiative transfer equation models are employed here and they are developed according to the wave synthesis technique to get the various polarization combinations. Using the two models as analysis tools, we simulate the bistatic scattering at all potential SoOp Reflectometry bands, i.e., P-, L-, C- and X-band for circular polarizations and linear polarizations. While the original commonly used microwave scattering models are linear polarizations, here we compare the difference. Although the models can simulate bistatic scattering at any incident angles and scattering angles. Four special observation geometry are taken into considerations during the analysis. Using the developed models as tools, the developed models establish the relationship between the land surface parameters (such as soil moisture, soil roughness and vegetation water content, diameters et al.) and bistatic radar cross section. The forward scattering models developed here enables the understanding of the effects of different geophysical parameters and transmitter–receiver observation scenarios on the bisatic scattering at any polarization combinations for any potential SoOP reflectometry bands. Robust retrieval methods for soil moisture and vegetation biomass can benefit from the forward scattering models.
- Published
- 2021
4. Phosphine-Catalyzed (4 + 2) Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes with Enones and Its Asymmetric Variant
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Erqing Li, Ke Li, and Zhenjie Gan
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Dihydropyran ,Organic Chemistry ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Cycloaddition ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Zwitterion ,Phosphonium ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Phosphine - Abstract
Herein we reported a novel phosphine-catalyzed (4 + 2) cyclization reaction of electron-deficient conjugated dienes with enones to generate functionalized dihydropyran skeletons. A mechanistic investigation reveals that the reaction produces a new phosphonium zwitterion, which undergoes consecutive reactions. In addition, an asymmetric variant was developed by efficient and economical chiral phosphine catalysis.
- Published
- 2021
5. FeCl2 Catalyzed Three-Component Reactions of Phospholes, Pyrrolidine, and Ketones (Aldehydes): Chemoselective Synthesis of 1-Phosphafulvenes
- Author
-
Rongqiang Tian, Xinran Fan, Zheng Duan, and Yanjie Liu
- Subjects
Nucleophilic addition ,010405 organic chemistry ,Component (thermodynamics) ,Organic Chemistry ,Phosphole ,Iminium ,Azomethine ylide ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Medicinal chemistry ,Cycloaddition ,Pyrrolidine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
We have developed an unprecedented approach for the synthesis of transient 1-phosphafulvenes through three component reactions of phospholes. The generation of 1-phosphafulvenes was demonstrated by in situ [6 + 4] cycloaddition with 2H-phospholes and [6 + 6] self-dimerization. The [6 + 4] and [6 + 6] reaction pathway could be modulated by the starting ketones and aldehydes. The construction of 1-phosphafulvenes is illustrated by a proposed mechanism combining nucleophilic addition of phospholide to the iminium or isomerized azomethine ylide and a [1,5]-shift of phosphole.
- Published
- 2021
6. Mn2(CO)10-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dimerization of Diphosphirane Complexes
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Min Wang, Lingzhi Qiu, Rongqiang Tian, Mingyue Cui, and François Mathey
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Intramolecular force ,Organic Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis - Abstract
In this report, a series of biphosphirane complexes 1 were synthesized from the phosphiranide complex. The binuclear Mn2(CO)10-catalyzed intramolecular dimerization of these biphosphirane complexes...
- Published
- 2021
7. Synthesis of phosphanaphthalenes and nido-carborane fused six-membered phosphacycles
- Author
-
Guanyu Tao, Zheng Duan, Yang Li, François Mathey, Feichao Yang, and Lujun Zhang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Carborane ,Alkyne ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0210 nano-technology ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences - Abstract
A simple method to synthesize luminescent λ5-phosphanaphthalenes and zwitterionic nido-carborane fused six-membered phosphacycles was developed from the reaction of ortho-phosphinobenzoaldehydes or ortho-phosphinocarboranylaldehydes with an electron-deficient alkyne, respectively. Similar results were obtained with the imino analogues.
- Published
- 2021
8. Cycloadditions of 1-iminylphosphirane complexes with allenes
- Author
-
Juan Li, Zheng Duan, François Mathey, Rongqiang Tian, and Mingyue Cui
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Bicyclic molecule ,Double bond ,Chemistry ,Aryl ,Heteroatom ,Regioselectivity ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Ring (chemistry) ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,Cycloaddition ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Moiety ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A cascade carbonylative ring expansion and [2 + 2]/[4 + 2] cycloaddition of strained 1-iminylphosphirane complexes with aryl allenes were reported. The carbonylative ring expansion of 1-iminylphosphirane complexes provides an azaphosphacyclohexone complex intermediate with a C P double bond. The following [2 + 2] or dearomatic [4 + 2] cycloaddition of this intermediate with allenes is modulated by the aryl substituents on the imino carbon. The regioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition with 1,1-diarylallene provides an entry to bicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one skeletons featuring a four-membered phosphacyclobutane moiety. While dearomatic [4 + 2] cycloaddition was preferred with less aromatic naphthalene and yielded octahydrochrysene skeleton containing heteroatoms.
- Published
- 2021
9. Nonbenzenoid aromaticity of 1-phosphafulvenes: synthesis of phosphacymantrenes
- Author
-
François Mathey, Yanjie Liu, Zheng Duan, and Rongqiang Tian
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry ,Proton ,010405 organic chemistry ,Computational chemistry ,Aromaticity ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Coordination complex ,Adduct - Abstract
The coordination chemistry of 1-phosphafulvenes was investigated by employing their [6 + 4] adducts or α-C2-bridged biphospholes as a precursor. Unbridged phosphacymantrenes arise from 1-phosphafulvenes via proton abstraction. α-C2-bridged biphosphacymantrenes are probably yielded by the reductive coupling of 1-phosphafulvene with Mn2(CO)10. The coordination behavior of 1-phosphafulvenes is comparable to that of pentafulvenes, which again demonstrates the phosphorus-carbon analogy in low-coordinate organophosphorus chemistry.
- Published
- 2021
10. Cleavage of the Inert C(sp2)–Ar σ-Bond of Alkenes by a Spatial Constrained Interaction with Phosphinidene
- Author
-
Donghui Wei, François Mathey, Zheng Duan, and Junjian Wang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Inert ,Alkene ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Cleavage (embryo) ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis ,Cycloaddition ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,chemistry ,Phosphinidene ,Electrophile ,Bond cleavage - Abstract
[1 + 2] cycloaddition is a classical reaction between the electrophilic phosphinidene and an alkene. However, a spatial constraint blocks this well-known reaction and enables an unprecedented chemoselective C(sp2)-Ar σ-bond insertion of the alkene. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that this C-C bond cleavage is energetically feasible and thermodynamically favored through an electrophilic rearrangement and concomitant 1,9-aryl migration without involving any strained intermediate.
- Published
- 2020
11. Tectonic transition from subduction to retreat of the palaeo-Pacific plate: new geochemical constraints from the late Mesozoic volcanic sequence in eastern Fujian Province, SE China
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Minggang Yu, Mingxuan Cao, Xilin Zhao, Feipeng Fan, Guangfu Xing, Rong Chen, and Pingli Chu
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Subduction ,Lava ,Geochemistry ,Pyroclastic rock ,Geology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Volcanic rock ,Tectonics ,Volcano ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Zircon ,Petrogenesis - Abstract
The widespread occurrence of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in SE China is associated with widespread mineralization. Most geologists have accepted the model of Pacific plate subduction beneath the eastern Asian continent, but there are still controversies, especially the initial timing of the tectonic transition. In order to understand the tectonic evolution of the palaeo-Pacific plate subduction, an integrated study of zircon U–Pb, Lu–Hf isotope compositions and whole-rock geochemistry was carried out for Mesozoic volcanic rocks in eastern Fujian Province. According to the field observations and zircon U–Pb ages, these volcanic rocks can be divided into three phases: an early stage of Late Jurassic volcanic rocks (Phase 1, 159–153 Ma), a late stage of Late Jurassic volcanic rocks (Phase 2, 152–146 Ma) and an early stage of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks (Phase 3, 143–139 Ma). Overall, these volcanic rocks are composed of intermediate–acid pyroclastic rocks and lava, with high SiO2, Na2O, K2O and Al2O3 contents, belonging to the high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous series, with enrichment in large ion lithophile and light rare earth elements but depletion in high-field-strength elements and heavy rare earth elements. However, the Phase 1 and 2 volcanic rocks contain different zircon Hf isotopic compositions and whole-rock geochemistry to the Phase 3 volcanic rocks, implying that they have a different petrogenesis. Our study combined with previous research shows that the decreasing zircon ϵHf(t) values of the Middle–Late Jurassic volcanic rocks indicate a decreasing mantle-derived material contribution. On the contrary, the majority of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks have variable ϵHf(t) values, requiring varied degrees of involvement of juvenile components in their origin. Thus, we consider that the Late Jurassic volcanic rocks were generated in a compressional tectonic environment during the early stage (> 146 Ma) of palaeo-Pacific subduction. In contrast, the Cretaceous volcanic rocks were formed in an extensional tectonic setting during a later stage (< 143 Ma) of subduction.
- Published
- 2020
12. Evaluation and Hydrological Application of CMADS Reanalysis Precipitation Data against Four Satellite Precipitation Products in the Upper Huaihe River Basin, China
- Author
-
Shanhu Jiang, Zheng Duan, Feng Zhong, Junchao Shi, Ruolan Liu, Liliang Ren, and Menghao Wang
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Correlation coefficient ,Soil and Water Assessment Tool ,Drainage basin ,Forcing (mathematics) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Climatology ,Streamflow ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,Precipitation ,Global Precipitation Measurement ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Satellite- and reanalysis-based precipitation products are important data source for precipitation, particularly in areas with a sparse gauge network. Here, five open-access precipitation products, including the newly released China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) reanalysis dataset and four widely used bias-adjusted satellite precipitation products [SPPs; i.e., Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42 Version 7 (TMPA 3B42V7), Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique satellite-gauge blended product (CMORPH-BLD), Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR)], were assessed. These products were first compared with the gauge observed data collected for the upper Huaihe River basin, and then were used as forcing data for streamflow simulation by the Xin’anjiang (XAJ) hydrological model under two scenarios with different calibration procedures. The performance of CMADS precipitation product for the Chinese mainland was also assessed. The results show that: (1) for the statistical assessment, CMADS and CMORPH-BLD perform the best, followed by TMPA 3B42V7, CHIRPS, and PERSIANN-CDR, among which the correlation coefficient (CC) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of CMADS are optimal, although it exhibits certain significant negative relative bias (BIAS; −22.72%); (2) CMORPH-BLD performs the best in capturing and detecting rainfall events, while CMADS tends to underestimate heavy and torrential precipitation; (3) for streamflow simulation, the performance of using CMADS as input is very good, with the highest Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values (0.85 and 0.75 for calibration period and validation period, respectively); and (4) CMADS exhibits high accuracy in eastern China while with significant negative BIAS, and the performance declines from southeast to northwest. The statistical and hydrological evaluations show that CMADS and CMORPH-BLD have high potential for observing precipitation. As high negative BIAS values showed up in CMADS evaluation, further study on the error sources from original data and calibration algorithms is necessary. This study can serve as a reference for selecting precipitation products in data-scarce regions with similar climates and topography in the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) era.
- Published
- 2020
13. 1,1-Addition of α-C2-Bridged Biphospholes with Alkynes
- Author
-
Keke Zhang, Zheng Duan, Rongqiang Tian, François Mathey, and Yanjie Liu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reaction conditions ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Alkyne ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Terminal (electronics) ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,Atom economy ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Chemoselectivity - Abstract
An unusual chemoselective 1,1-addition of α-C2-bridged biphospholes to terminal alkynes is reported. The developed protocol provides simple access to the unknown 1,3-diphosphepines, which has poten...
- Published
- 2020
14. Mercury as a Geophysical Tracer Gas - Emissions from the Emperor Qin Tomb in Xi´an Studied by Laser Radar
- Author
-
Yiyun Li, Shiming Zhu, Guangyu Zhao, Ming Lian, Zheng Duan, Weixing Zhang, Sune Svanberg, and Ningbin Hou
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,010309 optics ,TRACER ,0103 physical sciences ,Underground storage ,lcsh:Science ,Geothermal gradient ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Radioactive waste ,Gas emissions ,Geophysics ,Mercury (element) ,Environmental sciences ,Lidar ,Optics and photonics ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,Terracotta - Abstract
Mercury is, because of its high vapor pressure and its prevalence in the atmosphere as atoms, an interesting geophysical tracer gas, also with potential archaeological applications. According to historical records dating back 2200 years, the mausoleum chamber of the “Terracotta Army Emperor” Qin in Xi´an, China, contains large amounts of liquid mercury, considered as an elixir of life at the time. We here report on measurements of the atmospheric contents of atomic mercury above the tomb mound performed with a mobile differential absorption lidar (light detection and ranging) system. Our measurements, which were performed from three different locations around the mound, indeed indicate elevated atmospheric mercury levels, with localizations, which correlate with previous in situ soil sampling results. Concentrations up to 27 ng/m3 were observed, significantly higher than the typical general pollutant level in the area which was found to be around 5–10 ng/m3. An out-flux of about 5×10−8 kg/s was estimated. Highly volatile mercury may be escaping through cracks, which developed in the structure over time, and our investigation supports ancient chronicle records on the tomb, which is believed never to have been opened/looted. Our findings also have bearings on the proposed use of mercury as a tracer gas for valuable ores and geothermal resource exploration, and also bring problematics around reliable nuclear waste long-term underground storage to mind.
- Published
- 2020
15. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of semi-solid squeeze casting AZ91D
- Author
-
Zhuang-zheng Duan, Gang-ping Qiao, Gao Jinglei, Jiang Aoxue, Zhi-yong You, and Ling-bing Guo
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,az91d ,semi-solid squeeze casting ,solution aging treatment ,microstructure ,mechanical properties ,Materials science ,lcsh:T ,Alloy ,Metals and Alloys ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,Grain size ,lcsh:Manufactures ,0103 physical sciences ,Volume fraction ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Magnesium alloy ,Elongation ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,lcsh:TS1-2301 ,Tensile testing - Abstract
Semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy billets were prepared by near-liquidus heat holding. Semi-solid squeeze casting was conducted at 575, 585 and 595 °C, respectively, with 1 mm·s−1 squeeze speed. The semisolid squeeze casting AZ91D samples were heat treated by T4 (solution at 415 °C for 24 h) and T6 (solution at 415 °C for 24 h + 220 °C for 8 h) processes, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy in different states were investigated by means of OM, SEM and tensile testing machine. The results show that compared to as-cast alloy, the grain size of the semi-solid squeezed AZ91D decreased significantly, and with the increase of semi-solid squeeze temperature, the grain size of AZ91D increased. The grains of the alloy were refined by T4 treatment, and further refined by T6 treatment. T6 treatment greatly improved the tensile strength, elongation, and hardness, but did not significantly improve yield strength. After 575 °C squeeze casting and T6 treatment, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 285 MPa, the elongation reached 13.36%, and the hardness also reached the maximum (106.8 HV), but the yield strength (YS) was only 180 MPa. During the process of semi-solid squeeze casting and heat treatment, the matrix grain was refined and a large number of precipitated and secondary precipitated phases of Mg17Al12 appeared. Both the average size of matrix grain and secondary precipitated phase decreased, while the volume fraction of secondary precipitated phase increased. All these resulted in high tensile strength, elongation and hardness.
- Published
- 2020
16. Divergent intramolecular reactions between phosphines and alkynes
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Yanying Song, Lili Wang, and François Mathey
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Intramolecular reaction ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Alkyne ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Intramolecular force ,Molecule ,0210 nano-technology ,Phosphine ,Bond cleavage ,Protic solvent - Abstract
A divergent intramolecular reaction of phosphine tethered alkyne in protic solvent was developed. This provided a novel and simple access to a large variety of (Z)-alkenylphosphine oxides and phospholane oxides. Our preliminary studies suggested that these divergent reactions are closely related to the reaction condition and molecular structure. A possible mechanism of C-P bond cleavage of a pentacoordinated hydroxyphosphorane intermediate was proposed.
- Published
- 2020
17. Phosphine/Palladium Cooperative Catalysis: (4 + 3) Annulations of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates and Vinyl Benzoxazinanones
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Siming Jia, Yue Wang, and Erqing Li
- Subjects
Annulation ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Substrate (chemistry) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Azepine ,Phosphine ,Palladium - Abstract
A novel (4 + 3) annulation reaction of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates and vinyl benzoxazinanones has been developed by using phosphine/palladium dual catalysis. This reaction demonstrates a wide substrate scope, providing a range of vinyl 2, 3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine derivatives in moderate to good yields and diastereoselectivities. Experimental results indicate that both palladium and phosphine play crucial roles in the annulation reactions.
- Published
- 2019
18. Impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on vegetation change: Evidence from typical areas in China
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Yanjuan Wu, Yu Xu, Chao Gao, Yanwei Sun, Kaiyuan Zheng, and Linshan Tan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,China ,Population ,General Decision Sciences ,Climate change ,Context (language use) ,Geodetector ,010501 environmental sciences ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ,Urbanization ,medicine ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,QH540-549.5 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Global change ,Greening ,Trend analysis ,Geography ,Vegetation change ,Anthropogenic activities ,Physical geography ,medicine.symptom ,Vegetation (pathology) - Abstract
Understanding the interactions of climate-vegetation and human-vegetation has been a critical issue and increasingly attracting attention from scientific community in the field of global change research. This study investigated the heterogeneous impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on vegetation change by applying the trend analysis and Geodetector approach. The spatial and temporal patterns of MODIS NDVI and LAI during 2003–2017 were firstly examined in China. We then quantified the contribution and interactions effects of climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) and anthropogenic factors (population, gross domestic product and other four categories of forestry investment) on vegetation change in five typical areas of China. Both NDVI and LAI across China demonstrated a significant increasing trend over the past two decades. However, the eastern developmental regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and Yangtze River Delta exhibited a decreasing trend due to fast urbanization. Socio-economical inputs (the explanatory power of forestry investment > 40%, the range of explanatory power is 0 to 100%) were identified as the dominant driving forces of vegetation change for the most of study areas. Precipitation was the most important natural influencing factor of vegetation change. We also found that the interactions between forestry investment and other factors presented much greater explanatory power on vegetation change than a single factor. Our research highlights that the afforestation program in China during the past several decades plays an important role in contributing to vegetation greening across the country. Greening and degradation, however, are largely related to landscape context, which could be due to natural change and anthropogenic impact. To maintain high levels of forests, conserving the vegetation is more important than increasing the economic development.
- Published
- 2021
19. Transition‐Metal‐Like Reversible Cycloadditions of [ t BuSP‐W(CO) 5 ] with Alkenes and Alkynes
- Author
-
François Mathey, Yang Xu, Zheng Duan, Min Wang, Rongqiang Tian, and Donghui Wei
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,Sulfur ,Catalysis ,Cycloaddition ,Dissociation (chemistry) ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transition metal ,chemistry ,Methanol ,HOMO/LUMO ,Lone pair - Abstract
tert-Butylthiophosphinidene complex [tBuSP-W(CO)5 ] was generated by dissociation of 1-(tert-butylthio)phosphirane-W(CO)5 complex under mild conditions. The formation of transient [tBuSP-W(CO)5 ] was indicated by trapping reactions with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, alkynes, phenanthrene-9,10-dione, and methanol. The LUMO of [MeSP-W(CO)5 ] is significantly lower in energy than those of [Me2 NP-W(CO)5 ], [MeOP-W(CO)5 ], and [Me2 PP-W(CO)5 ]. The HOMO of [MeSP-W(CO)5 ] contains a significant contribution from the in-plane lone pair of P and the LUMO shows a typical π* characteristic. Since stabilized by sulfur lone pair and coordinated by W(CO)5 , [tBuSP-W(CO)5 ] undergoes facile and reversible cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes.
- Published
- 2019
20. Harvesting environment energy from water-evaporation over free-standing graphene oxide sponges
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Changhong Liu, Xin Qi, Guang Zhang, Wei Yao, Hui Zhang, Yantong Xu, Weigang Ma, and Long Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Evaporation ,Oxide ,Environmental pollution ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Engineering physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electricity generation ,chemistry ,law ,General Materials Science ,Electricity ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Power density ,Voltage - Abstract
Due to increasing global energy demands, environmental pollution, and the rapid development of self-powered devices, converting ubiquitous environmental energy to usable energy, e.g., electricity is attracting increasing interests worldwide. Herein, a type of porous graphene oxide (GO) sponges is fabricated using the freeze-drying method. Then an annealing treatment and UV + O3 oxidation are carried out to achieve partially reduced GO (rGO) sponges. We find that these rGO sponges can convert environmental energy to electricity via the natural evaporation of water. The generated open-circuit voltages are measured to be as high as about 0.63 V over a single piece of rGO sponges. The maximum output power and output power density are calculated to be approximately 17.30 μW and 1.74 μW cm−2, respectively. We suggest that streaming potentials, which arise from water molecule-graphene interactions, should be the underlying mechanism of water-evaporation-induced electricity generation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ambient temperatures, airflow velocities, and evaporation-areas all can seriously influence the electricity generation. Moreover, the water-evaporation-induced voltage can be easily scaled up to as high as about 2.34 V by connecting multiple samples in series. Therefore, our work supplies a potential method of converting ubiquitous environmental energy to electricity.
- Published
- 2019
21. Ag/P-Stereogenic Phosphine-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions: A Method to Optically Active Pyrrolidines
- Author
-
Zhenjie Gan, Mengna Zhi, Zheng Duan, François Mathey, Rong Ma, Erqing Li, and Hao Cui
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Enantioselective synthesis ,Optically active ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Medicinal chemistry ,Cycloaddition ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,Adduct ,Stereocenter ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Chirality (chemistry) ,Phosphine - Abstract
A Ag/P-stereogenic phosphine-complex-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with electron-deficient olefins is reported. In this reaction, highly functionalized pyrrolines with a spiro-quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in good yields (up to 99%) with excellent levels of diastereo- (up to >20:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The chirality of adducts was controlled predominantly by the P-stereogenic phosphines.
- Published
- 2019
22. P-Stereogenic Phosphines Directed Copper(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions
- Author
-
Mengna Zhi, Zheng Duan, Zhenjie Gan, François Mathey, Erqing Li, and Ruiping Han
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Enantioselective synthesis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Copper ,Cycloaddition ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,Stereocenter ,Yield (chemistry) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
A new pair of P-stereogenic ligands with multiple chiral centers were synthesized and used in the copper(I)-catalyzed enatioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of iminoesters with alkenes. A variety of highly functionalized pyrrolidines were obtained in excellent yield and enatioselectivity. This is the first example of a pair of P-stereogenic ligands working as pseudoenantiomers to tune the enantio- and diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and providing a pair of enantiomerically pure pyrrolidines, respectively.
- Published
- 2019
23. The vertical influence of temperature and precipitation on snow cover variability in the Central Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China
- Author
-
Xueliang Zhang, Xiaobing Zhou, Runjie Li, Senyao Wu, Ye Tuo, Jinkang Du, and Zheng Duan
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0207 environmental engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric sciences ,Snow ,01 natural sciences ,Altitude ,Hydrology (agriculture) ,High elevation ,Snowmelt ,Period (geology) ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,020701 environmental engineering ,Snow cover ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Seasonal snow cover in mountainous regions will affect local climate and hydrology. In this study, we assessed the role of altitude in determining the relative importance of temperature and precipitation in snow cover variability in the Central Tianshan Mountains. The results show that: (a) in the study area, temperature has a greater influence on snow cover than precipitation during most of the time period studied and in most altitudes. (b) In the high elevation area, there is a threshold altitude of 3,900 ± 400 m, below which temperature is negatively correlated whereas precipitation is positively correlated to snow cover, and above which the situation is the opposite. Besides, this threshold altitude decreases from snow accumulated period to snow stable period and then increases from snowmelt period to snow-free period. (c) Below 2,000 m, there is another threshold altitude of 1,400 ± 100 m during the snow stable period, below (above) which precipitation (temperature) is the main driver of snow cover. (Less)
- Published
- 2019
24. The impact of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on hydrological extremes
- Author
-
Guoyong Leng, Ralf Ludwig, Jian Peng, Zheng Duan, Thomas Jagdhuber, Wei-Dong Guo, and Simon Dadson
- Subjects
Wet season ,CCI Soil moisture ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ocean current ,0207 environmental engineering ,evaporative stress index ,Madden–Julian oscillation ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric thermodynamics ,Monsoon ,01 natural sciences ,wet/dry seasons ,Air temperature ,Climatology ,Evapotranspiration ,ESI ,Environmental science ,GLEAM ,Precipitation ,020701 environmental engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Extreme climate events such as severe droughts and floods have become more frequent and widespread in the 21st Century. Recent studies have revealed the tele-connections between Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and extreme precipitation over different regions such as South America, India and China. This study investigates the influence of MJO on global extreme dry and wet conditions, and how the strength of the relationship changes across the MJO phases over the globe. The Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) calculated from global GLEAM evapotranspiration dataset is used to represent extreme dry and wet conditions. Strong correlations between MJO and extreme dry and wet conditions are found, particularly over monsoon regions such as South Asia, South America and East Africa. The underlying mechanism of the influence of MJO on extreme dry and wet conditions is associated with the variation of precipitation, air temperature and soil moisture modulated by the MJO. The study suggests that MJO impacts on extreme dry and wet conditions should be taken into account in investigation of droughts/floods around the world particularly over monsoon areas.
- Published
- 2019
25. Global sensitivity analysis of the APSIM-Oryza rice growth model under different environmental conditions
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Fang Shen, Junzhi Liu, Qiuliang Lei, A-Xing Zhu, and Zhangcong Liu
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Irrigation ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Climate ,Climate Change ,Perturbation (astronomy) ,Oryza ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Stability (probability) ,Dry weight ,Range (statistics) ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Dry matter ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Environmental Monitoring ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This study conducted the global sensitivity analysis of the APSIM-Oryza rice growth model under eight climate conditions and two CO2 levels using the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test method. Two output variables (i.e. total aboveground dry matter WAGT and dry weight of storage organs WSO) and twenty parameters were analyzed. The ±30% and ±50% perturbations of base values were used as the ranges of parameter variation, and local fertilization and irrigation managements were considered. Results showed that the influential parameters were the same under different environmental conditions, but their orders were often different. Climate conditions had obvious influence on the sensitivity index of several parameters (e.g. RGRLMX, WGRMX and SPGF). In particular, the sensitivity index of RGRLMX was larger under cold climate than under warm climate. Differences also exist for parameter sensitivity of early and late rice in the same site. The CO2 concentration did not have much influence on the results of sensitivity analysis. The range of parameter variation affected the stability of sensitivity analysis results, but the main conclusions were consistent between the results obtained from the ±30% perturbation and those obtained the ±50% perturbation in this study. Compared with existing studies, our study performed the sensitivity analysis of APSIM-Oryza under more environmental conditions, thereby providing more comprehensive insights into the model and its parameters.
- Published
- 2019
26. Phosphindole fused pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles: a new single-molecule junction for charge transport
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Jueting Zheng, Chenyong Xu, Di Wu, Wenjing Hong, Dawei Kang, and François Mathey
- Subjects
Materials science ,010405 organic chemistry ,Conductance ,Charge (physics) ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Core (optical fiber) ,Crystallography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Molecule ,Luminescence ,Thermostability ,Pyrrole - Abstract
A new family of phosphindole fused ladder-type heteroacenes with a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core were synthesized and characterized, which show good luminescence efficiency, high thermostability and tunable conductance.
- Published
- 2019
27. Cyclization of ortho-alkynylphenylphosphine P-ylides; dependence on ylide nucleophilicity
- Author
-
Xu Zhao, François Mathey, Zheng Duan, Youzhi Xu, Zhenjie Gan, and Jingjing Hou
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Medicinal chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Nucleophile ,Ylide ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
P=CH2 ylides derived from ortho-alkynylphenylphosphines readily cyclize to give phosphindole derivatives. With a stabilized ylide such as P=CHC(O)Ph, the outcome of the reaction is completely different. The reaction proceeds at high temperature and produces phosphanaphthalenes.
- Published
- 2019
28. An approach to 7-aza-1-phosphanorbornane complexes: strain promoted rearrangement of 1-iminylphosphirane complexes and cycloaddition with olefins
- Author
-
Yang Xu, Zheng Duan, Min Wang, Rongqiang Tian, François Mathey, and Donghui Wei
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Strain (chemistry) ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Ring (chemistry) ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,Cycloaddition ,0104 chemical sciences - Abstract
1-Iminylphosphirane W(CO)5 complexes react with alkenes under an atmosphere of CO at 130 °C to form the original 7-aza-1-phosphanorbornane complexes. The reaction works well with both electron-rich and electron-poor alkenes. On the basis of DFT calculations, we propose a mechanism including the rearrangement of phosphirane into a dipolar five-membered ring and the following cycloaddition of this dipolar intermediate with alkenes.
- Published
- 2019
29. Spatial evaluation of L-band satellite-based soil moisture products in the upper Huai River basin of China
- Author
-
Junzhi Liu, Zheng Duan, A-Xing Zhu, and Liming Zhu
- Subjects
smos ,Atmospheric Science ,L band ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Drainage basin ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Oceanography ,satellite-based soil moisture products ,smap ,lcsh:GC1-1581 ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,China ,Water content ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Applied Mathematics ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,ddc ,lcsh:Geology ,l-band ,Spatial ecology ,Environmental science ,esa cci ,Satellite - Abstract
Using dense soil moisture (SM) measurements in the upper Huai River basin of China, this study evaluated the spatial patterns of L-band satellite-based SM products, including Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L3, Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) L3 and the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) SM products. The mean difference (MD), root mean squared error (RMSE), unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (R), were used in the evaluation. The evaluation results presented that SMAP and ESA CCI products can well capture the temporal variation of SM at single points quite well, with average R values of 0.51 and 0.46, respectively. And SMAP had the highest overall accuracy among the three satellite-based products in study area. We also analyzed the correlations between the four accuracy indexes and six environmental factors including the proportions of five land use/land cover types (i.e. water bodies, paddy fields, construction land, dryland and forest) and the average NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in 2016 in each grid. Analysis showed that the proportions of paddy fields and water bodies in each grid had significant positive correlations with MD, RMSE and ubRMSE, while NDVI, and the proportions of dryland and construction land had significant negative correlations with these three indexes. The significant correlations between the accuracy of SMAP, SMOS and ESA CCI SM products and environmental factors indicate that there exist systematic biases in these products, which can provide valuable insights into algorithm improvements.
- Published
- 2019
30. Phosphine-catalyzed regiodivergent annulations of γ-substituted allenoates with conjugated dienes
- Author
-
Erqing Li, Yunpeng Chu, Yan‐Chuan Gong, You Huang, Zheng Duan, and Zhenjie Gan
- Subjects
Annulation ,010405 organic chemistry ,Cyclohexenes ,Metals and Alloys ,Regioselectivity ,General Chemistry ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Nucleophile ,Functional group ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Phosphine - Abstract
A phosphine catalyzed regiodivergent annulation of γ-substituted allenoates with conjugated dienes is reported, and highly functionalized cyclohexenes or cyclopentenes were obtained in high yields and regioselectivities. This transformation takes advantage of mild conditions, wide substrate scope and significant functional group tolerance. The high regioselectivity can be achieved by tuning the nucleophilicity of the phosphine catalyst.
- Published
- 2019
31. First principles investigation of mono-vacancy defective properties of Cr2AlC
- Author
-
Juan Fang Han, Wei Dong Ling, Wen Shan Duan, Ya Ping Shao, Ji Zheng Duan, Da Qiang Zhao, and Pan Wei
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Bulk modulus ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Fluence ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Shear modulus ,Brittleness ,Chemical physics ,Vacancy defect ,0103 physical sciences ,Radiation damage ,Irradiation ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
For possessing high tolerance to oxidation and radiation damage under irradiation of high fluence heavy ions, nano-laminated Cr2AlC is a better candidate material when used as the functional material in high temperature and nuclear reactors. In this study, the mono-vacancy defect-related properties in Cr2AlC have been investigated by first-principle calculations. The results indicate that the C vacancy could be easily formed due to its low formation energy. It is inferred that the vacancy-mediated migration in Cr2AlC is energetically most favorable for Al vacancy, which can be a proof for elucidating the good oxidation tolerance of Cr2AlC under an oxidizing environment. The conductivity of Cr2A1C will be reduced by the formation of vacancies, while its theoretical Vickers’ hardness will be slightly increased. On the other hand, the bulk modulus will be increased through the introduction of mono-vacancy, which will have a negative impact on the shear modulus and the brittle performance of Cr2AlC. In view of the present work, we propose that Cr2AlC can be excellent material for the applications in extreme environments according to our study based on the first-principle calculation.
- Published
- 2019
32. Spatiotemporal analysis of nonlinear trends in precipitation over Germany during 1951–2013 from multiple observation‐based gridded products
- Author
-
Hongkai Gao, Qiuwen Chen, Meng Wei, Cheng Chen, Junzhi Liu, Xianfeng Song, and Zheng Duan
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Global precipitation ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Spatiotemporal Analysis ,0207 environmental engineering ,Climate change ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,Cru ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Full data ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,020701 environmental engineering ,Derived Data ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Spatial and temporal patterns of trends in annual and seasonal precipitation over Germany during 1951–2013 were analysed using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method. Three widely used and recognized high-resolution observation-based gridded precipitation products, the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) time-series data, Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) Full Data Reanalysis data and the EU-FP6 project ENSEMBLES derived data set (EOBS), were used and compared. Comparison among different products showed that the CRU used a considerably lower number of gauge stations (maximum 36) in the construction of gridded product over Germany and should be used with great caution for other applications, and overall CRU presented less precipitation and smaller inter-annual variability; GPCC and EOBS agreed well in the spatial and temporal distribution of seasonal and annual precipitation, as well as the identified trends. The spatiotemporal analysis of trends showed that trends in precipitation during 1951–2013 were, in most cases, highly nonlinear and varying over time. In particular, the spring, summer and autumn precipitation showed large variations in trends. Therefore, the assumption of linear trends on which previous studies were based is invalid. Annual precipitation showed increasing trends in over 66% of Germany (particularly northern and eastern Germany), and the magnitude of increasing trends were generally enhanced over time, e.g. GPCC showed that the average magnitude of increasing trends rose from 6.3% for the 1951–1980 period to 12% for the 1951–2013 period. There were considerable spatial and temporal variabilities in trends in seasonal precipitation totals over Germany. This study is among one of the first studies applying the EEMD method to a comprehensive analysis of time-varying trends in precipitation over Germany, which is expected to improve our understanding of the complex and nonlinear regional climate system. (Less)
- Published
- 2018
33. Design of 1-Phosphanorbornene Derivatives as Chiral Organocatalysts for Enantioselective (4 + 2) Annulation Reactions of γ-Benzyl Allenoates
- Author
-
Mengmeng Ma, Siming Jia, Zheng Duan, Erqing Li, and Françis Mathey
- Subjects
Annulation ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Enantioselective synthesis ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Phosphine - Abstract
Two novel diastereoisomeric P-chirogenic phosphine catalysts, i.e., JiaPhos, which can be easily derived from inexpensive and commercially available starting materials in five chemical operations (totally 4.16g scale), are introduced. To our delight, the JiaPhos catalysts display good performance in enantioselective (4 + 2) annulations involving 3-methylene-2-oxindoles and γ-benzyl allenoates, providing a wide range of 3,3'-spirocyclic oxindoles with good efficiency and enantioselectivity.
- Published
- 2021
34. Mapping regional surface water volume variation in reservoirs in northeastern Brazil during 2009-2017 using high-resolution satellite images
- Author
-
Axel Bronstert, Pedro Henrique Augusto Medeiros, Bjoern Waske, Zheng Duan, Shuping Zhang, Saskia Foerster, and José Carlos de Araújo
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Range (biology) ,Water ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Macrophyte ,Droughts ,Hydrology (agriculture) ,Evapotranspiration ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Bathymetry ,Precipitation ,Digital elevation model ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Surface water ,Brazil ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The multiple-year drought that started in 2011 and reached climax in 2015 was the most severe and prolonged one in the semiarid northeastern (NE) Brazil in recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the reservoir surface water volume (SWV) variation in NE Brazil from 2009 to 2017 in four representative regions covering a total area of approximately 10,000 km2 there and encompassing 2,140 reservoirs (areas range from 0.003 to 21 km2). High-resolution (10 m) digital elevation models (DEMs) were generated from the TanDEM-X data acquired during October–December 2015 to represent the reservoirs' bathymetric maps. The water extents in the reservoirs were delineated from high-resolution (6.5 m) RapidEye images acquired during 2009–2017. The combination of the aforementioned two variables yielded reservoir SWV with an accuracy of 0.64 × 106–1.06 × 106 m3, corresponding to 3.1%–5.6% of the maximum SWV in the reservoirs. The results showed that: 1) 81%–99% of the reservoirs in the four regions were from the groups with maximum water extent 50 ha and contributed 40%–98% to the regional SWV; 2) From 2009 to 2017, reservoir SWV in the four regions decreased at the rates of 2.3 × 106–17.8 × 106 m3/year; and 3) The SWV in the reservoirs responded differently to the regional terrestrial water budget, i.e. the differences between precipitation and evapotranspiration (P-ET). This study filled the data gap of bathymetric maps for the 2140 reservoirs, regardless of their sizes and macrophyte coverage. The SWV variations derived in those reservoirs over a period covering the recent drought can support better preparedness for drought in NE Brazil and better understanding of the regional hydrology in semi-arid regions.
- Published
- 2021
35. Assessing glacier retreat and its impact on water resources in a headwater of Yangtze River based on CMIP6 projections
- Author
-
Hong Li, Yuzhe Wang, Zijing Feng, Xi Chen, Xiaobo He, Ze Ren, Tong Zhang, Xicai Pan, Zheng Duan, Weiya Zhang, and Hongkai Gao
- Subjects
geography ,Coupled model intercomparison project ,education.field_of_study ,Environmental Engineering ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Global warming ,Population ,Climate change ,Glacier ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Peak water ,Glacier mass balance ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Physical geography ,Surface runoff ,education ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Glacier retreat caused by global warming alters the hydrological regime and poses far-reaching challenges to water resources and nature conservation of the headwater of Yangtze River, and its vast downstream regions with dense population. However, there is still lack of a robust modeling framework of the “climate-glacier-streamflow” in this water tower region, to project the future changes of glacier mass balance, glacier geometry, and the consequent impacts on runoff. Moreover, it is imperative to use the state-of-the-art sixth phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to assess glacio-hydrology variations in future. In this study, we coupled a glacio-hydrological model (FLEXG) with a glacier retreat method (Δh-parameterization) to simulate glacio-hydrological processes in the Dongkemadi Glacier (over 5155 m.a.s.l), which has the longest continuous glacio-hydrology observation on the headwater of Yangtze River. The FLEXG-Δh model was forced with in-situ observed meteorological data, radar ice thickness, remote sensing topography and land cover data, and validated by measured runoff. The results showed that the model was capable to simulate hydrological processes in this glacierized basin, with Kling-Gupta efficiency (IKGE) of daily runoff simulation 0.88 in calibration and 0.70 in validation. Then, forcing by the bias-corrected meteorological forcing from the eight latest CMIP6 Earth system models under two climate scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), we assessed the impact of future climate change on glacier response and its hydrological effects. The results showed that, to the end of simulation in 2100, the volume of the Dongkemadi Glacier would continuously retreat. For the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, the glacier volume will decrease by 8.7 × 108 m3 (74%) and 10.8 × 108 m3 (92%) respectively in 2100. The glacier runoff will increase and reach to peak water around 2060 to 2085, after this tipping point water resources will likely decrease.
- Published
- 2020
36. Short-range remote sensing of water quality by a handheld fluorosensor system
- Author
-
Ye Yuan, Zheng Duan, Sune Svanberg, Junchen Lu, and Guangyu Zhao
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Measurement method ,China ,South china ,Natural water ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010309 optics ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,Rivers ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,Range (aeronautics) ,Water Quality ,0103 physical sciences ,Remote Sensing Technology ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Mobile device ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Remote sensing ,Environmental Monitoring ,Fluorescent Dyes - Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence is a powerful measurement method for determining the concentration of organic pollutants as well as the amount of algae in water. It can be applied in remote sensing of natural waters and has the advantages of high speed and sensitivity. In this paper, we present a compact handheld fluorosensor system for water quality assessment. The power of the technique is demonstrated in measurements at a river system in South China.
- Published
- 2020
37. Enhancement of evaporative heat transfer on carbon nanotube sponges by electric field reinforced wettability
- Author
-
Changhong Liu, Zheng Duan, Long Li, Wei Yao, Yantong Xu, and Guang Zhang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Evaporation ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Carbon nanotube ,Permeation ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,law.invention ,Superhydrophilicity ,law ,Heat transfer ,Electrowetting ,Wetting ,0210 nano-technology ,Porosity - Abstract
Phase-change thermal management devices are the most effective approach to managing the increasing redundant heat in integrated electronic chips. The cooling performance of phase-change thermal management devices can be obviously enhanced via micro- and nano-structured materials with special wettability. Here, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sponges are fabricated, and the strategy to enhance evaporative heat transfer properties on the CNTs sponges by electrowetting method is presented. The electrowetting method induces a higher degree of wettability of porous CNTs sponges, which results in spreading and even permeation of the liquids without any physical or chemical treatment. In this case, the electrowetting method could lead to a much better evaporative heat transfer properties. Specifically, evaporation areas and evaporation rates of liquids on CNTs sponges are enlarged about 5–7 times and 2.8–10.5 times by the electrowetting method, respectively. The electrowetting method also induces much better temperature uniformity properties that play vital roles in phase-change thermal management devices. The CNTs sponges also have chemical stability and are light-weight versus traditional metallic materials. Thus, our work reported here is a promising opportunity to enhance the evaporative heat transfer properties of liquids with a profound influence on thermal management techniques.
- Published
- 2018
38. Lidar mapping of atmospheric atomic mercury in the Wanshan area, China
- Author
-
Jonas Sommar, Sune Svanberg, Shiming Zhu, Yiyun Li, Guangyu Zhao, Zheng Duan, Ming Lian, Xinbin Feng, Lihai Shang, Guangle Qiu, and Bo Meng
- Subjects
China ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Atmospheric pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Mining ,Differential absorption lidar ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,Air Pollutants ,Atmosphere ,Cross sectional geometry ,Mercury ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Mercury (element) ,Depth sounding ,Lidar ,Atmosphere of Earth ,chemistry ,Remote Sensing Technology ,Environmental science ,Environmental Pollution ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
A novel mobile laser radar system was used for mapping gaseous atomic mercury (Hg0) atmospheric pollution in the Wanshan district, south of Tongren City, Guizhou Province, China. This area is heavily impacted by legacy mercury from now abandoned mining activities. Differential absorption lidar measurements were supplemented by localized point monitoring using a Lumex RA-915M Zeeman modulation mercury analyzer. Range-resolved concentration measurements in different directions were performed. Concentrations in the lower atmospheric layers often exceeded levels of 100 ng/m3 for March conditions with temperature ranging from 5 °C to 20 °C. A flux measurement of Hg0 over a vertical cross section of 0.12 km2 resulted in about 29 g/h. Vertical lidar sounding at night revealed quickly falling Hg0 concentrations with height. This is the first lidar mapping demonstration in a heavily mercury-polluted area in China, illustrating the lidar potential in complementing point monitors.
- Published
- 2018
39. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) gene family in Brassica napus L
- Author
-
Mou-Zheng Duan, Jinqi Ma, Ledong Jia, Bo Yang, Chao Zhang, Xin-Tong Zhou, Liyuan Zhang, Fu-Yu Jing, Jiana Li, Xue Chen, Sheng-Sen Zhang, and Cailin Qiao
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Pigments ,Leaves ,Arabidopsis ,Plant Science ,Protein Structure Prediction ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Biochemistry ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Macromolecular Structure Analysis ,Structural motif ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Materials ,Phylogeny ,Plant Proteins ,Regulation of gene expression ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Plant Anatomy ,food and beverages ,Chromosome Mapping ,Eukaryota ,Software Engineering ,Plants ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Multigene Family ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Engineering and Technology ,Sequence Analysis ,Genome, Plant ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Protein Structure ,Bioinformatics ,Science ,Arabidopsis Thaliana ,Materials Science ,Brassica ,Flowers ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Dioxygenases ,Computer Software ,03 medical and health sciences ,Model Organisms ,Plant and Algal Models ,Sequence Motif Analysis ,Gene family ,Gene ,Molecular Biology ,Organic Pigments ,Brassica napus ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Carotenoids ,Gene expression profiling ,030104 developmental biology ,Membrane protein ,RPE65 ,Animal Studies ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), a key enzyme in carotenoid metabolism, cleaves carotenoids to form apo-carotenoids, which play a major role in plant growth and stress responses. CCD genes had not previously been systematically characterized in Brassica napus (rapeseed), an important oil crop worldwide. In this study, we identified 30 BnCCD genes and classified them into nine subgroups based on a phylogenetic analysis. We identified the chromosomal locations, gene structures, and cis-promoter elements of each of these genes and performed a selection pressure analysis to identify residues under selection. Furthermore, we determined the subcellular localization, physicochemical properties, and conserved protein motifs of the encoded proteins. All the CCD proteins contained a retinal pigment epithelial membrane protein (RPE65) domain. qRT-PCR analysis of expression of 20 representative BnCCD genes in 16 tissues of the B. napus cultivar Zhong Shuang 11 ('ZS11') revealed that members of the BnCCD gene family possess a broad range of expression patterns. This work lays the foundation for functional studies of the BnCCD gene family.
- Published
- 2019
40. Brønsted Acid Tuned, Lewis Base Promoted [4 + 2] Annulation Reactions of Allenoates with Electron-Deficient Olefins
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Erqing Li, Qiuzhen Xi, and Zhenjie Gan
- Subjects
Annulation ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organocatalysis ,Organic Chemistry ,Lewis acids and bases ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences - Published
- 2018
41. λ3 -Pyrroloazaphosphinines with Relatively Stable P=C Double Bonds
- Author
-
François Mathey, Guanyu Tao, Ruoqing Wang, Min-Can Wang, Zheng Duan, Jingjing Hou, Zhibin Wei, and Haiyang Huang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Crystallography ,Double bond ,chemistry ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences - Published
- 2018
42. A robust Multi-Band Water Index (MBWI) for automated extraction of surface water from Landsat 8 OLI imagery
- Author
-
Xueliang Zhang, Jinkang Du, Hao Guo, Xiaobiao Wang, Zheng Duan, Cheng Chen, and Shunping Xie
- Subjects
Global and Planetary Change ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Pixel ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Drainage basin ,Image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Water environment ,Range (statistics) ,Environmental science ,Extraction (military) ,Satellite imagery ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Surface water ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Surface water is vital resources for terrestrial life, while the rapid development of urbanization results in diverse changes in sizes, amounts, and quality of surface water. To accurately extract surface water from remote sensing imagery is very important for water environment conservations and water resource management. In this study, a new Multi-Band Water Index (MBWI) for Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images is proposed by maximizing the spectral difference between water and non-water surfaces using pure pixels. Based on the MBWI map, the K-means cluster method is applied to automatically extract surface water. The performance of MBWI is validated and compared with six widely used water indices in 29 sites of China. Results show that our proposed MBWI performs best with the highest accuracy in 26 out of the 29 test sites. Compared with other water indices, the MBWI results in lower mean water total errors by a range of 9.31%–25.99%, and higher mean overall accuracies and kappa coefficients by 0.87%–3.73% and 0.06–0.18, respectively. It is also demonstrated for MBWI in terms of robustly discriminating surface water from confused backgrounds that are usually sources of surface water extraction errors, e.g., mountainous shadows and dark built-up areas. In addition, the new index is validated to be able to mitigate the seasonal and daily influences resulting from the variations of the solar condition. MBWI holds the potential to be a useful surface water extraction technology for water resource studies and applications.
- Published
- 2018
43. Synthetic Applications of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C−P Bond Cleavage
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Hui Chen, and Lili Wang
- Subjects
Coordination sphere ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Homogeneous catalysis ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Transition metal ,Organic synthesis ,Bond cleavage - Abstract
The wide occurrence of carbon-phosphorus bond activation in modern organic synthesis, catalyst deactivation, and biological process has attracted interest for synthetic applications. Over the past few decades, transition-metal-mediated transformations have become extremely powerful tools in organic synthesis. In this review, considerable progress that has been made in catalytic activations and transformations of carbon-phosphorus bonds within the coordination sphere of transition metals is described. Mechanistic information is also presented, and it is hoped that this review not only provides an account of the state of the art in the field, but also highlights the future potential of these reactions in organic synthesis.
- Published
- 2018
44. Effect of an Auxiliary Plate on Passive Heat Dissipation of Carbon Nanotube-Based Materials
- Author
-
Shou-Shan Fan, Guang Zhang, Zheng Duan, Changhong Liu, and Wei Yu
- Subjects
Natural convection ,Materials science ,Passive cooling ,Mechanical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Carbon nanotube ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Thermal conductivity ,law ,Thermal radiation ,Emissivity ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Overheating (electricity) - Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other related CNT-based materials with a high thermal conductivity can be used as promising heat dissipation materials. Meanwhile, the miniaturization and high functionality of portable electronics, such as laptops and mobile phones, are achieved at the cost of overheating the high power-density components. The heat removal for hot spots occurring in a relatively narrow space requires simple and effective cooling methods. Here, an auxiliary passive cooling approach by the aid of a flat plate (aluminum-magnesium alloy) is investigated to accommodate heat dissipation in a narrow space. The cooling efficiency can be raised to 43.5%. The cooling performance of several CNT-based samples is compared under such circumstances. Heat dissipation analyses show that, when there is a nearby plate for cooling assistance, the heat radiation is weakened and natural convection is largely improved. Thus, improving heat radiation by increasing emissivity without reducing natural convection can effectively enhance the cooling performance. Moreover, the decoration of an auxiliary cooling plate with sprayed CNTs can further improve the cooling performance of the entire setup.
- Published
- 2018
45. Selective Synthesis of (Z)-Diazadiphosphafulvalene from 2,2′-bis-Azaphosphindole
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Guanyu Tao, Haiyang Huang, François Mathey, Huiying Luo, Weihua Cai, and Jing Cao
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Regioselectivity ,Crystal structure ,Alkylation ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Fluorescence ,Medicinal chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Stereoselectivity ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
The unprecedented 2,2'-bis(azaphosphindole) has been synthesized via a new route. Reaction with NaH afforded a dianion derivative 5, which is easily transformed to alkylated bis(azaphosphindole) or (Z)-P,P,N,N-cisoid diazadiphosphafulvalene. The reaction features good regioselectivity and high steroselectivity. Relatively strong fluorescence is observed with diazadiphosphafulvalenes. The X-ray crystal structure analysis showed that dianion ligand 5 is bonded to two Na atoms in a bridging cis-fashion, which allows the synthesis of diazadiphosphafulvalene in a highly stereoselective approach.
- Published
- 2018
46. Reactivity of sp2 Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Stable Imidazolophosphinine
- Author
-
Guanyu Tao, François Mathey, Zheng Duan, Zhibin Wei, Jingjing Hou, Haiyang Huang, and Min-Can Wang
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Substituent ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Protonation ,Crystal structure ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Nitrogen ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Bond length ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,chemistry ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Lone pair ,Methyl iodide - Abstract
A polycyclic imidazolophosphinine has been synthesized by collapse of the bridge of an appropriate 7-phosphanorbornene. This stable compound has been characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis. It is fully planar with a P═C bond length of 1.733(4) A. The lone pair at P is poorly reactive and corresponds to HOMO–3. The compound reacts with a protic acid and methyl iodide at the sp2 nitrogen and with AuCl with the α-methoxy substituent, yielding a zwitterionicacylphosphidewhose complexation at P gives a bis-gold complex. Both the protonated product and the bis-gold complex have been characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
- Published
- 2018
47. Electrical potential induced switchable wettability of super-aligned carbon nanotube films
- Author
-
Long Li, Zheng Duan, Wei Yao, Qinggong Wang, Changhong Liu, and Guang Zhang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Heat transfer enhancement ,Microfluidics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Carbon nanotube ,Chemical vapor deposition ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,law.invention ,Superhydrophilicity ,law ,Electrowetting ,Wetting ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Controlling of the wettability of micro-nano scale surfaces not only plays important roles in basic science but also presents some significant applications in interference shielding materials, microfluidics and phase-change heat transfer enhancement, etc . Here, the superhydrophobic super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) films are firstly obtained by the chemical vapor deposition method and the annealing process. Then their wettabilities are in-situ switched by the electrowetting strategy. Specifically, the fascinating transformation of superhydrophobicity to the superhydrophilicity is achieved by exerting external DC voltages across the CNT-liquid interfaces, and the transitions of Cassie-to-Wenzel states are observed on the multilayer SACNT films. In addition, the electrowetting induced salt absorption of the porous SACNT is also reported here. Finally, the threshold voltages of the electrowetting behaviors for different liquids on the SACNT films and unit capacitances across the CNT-liquid interfaces are obtained, which reveal that the SACNT films have much more outstanding electrowetting properties than the previously reported works. Our approach reported here demonstrates that the wettability of SACNT films could be simply, effectively and in-situ controlled by the electrowetting method, which will have many profound implications in numerous applications such as phase-change heat transfer enhancement, optical lens with variable focal length and microfluidics, etc .
- Published
- 2018
48. Electric-field control of ferromagnetism through oxygen ion gating
- Author
-
Zheng Duan, Nianpeng Lu, Weichao Wang, Wei-Hua Wang, Ce-Wen Nan, Yujia Wang, Pu Yu, Tianzhe Chen, Yujun Shi, Hao-Bo Li, Qinghua Zhang, Hui Liu, Zhuolu Li, Shuzhen Yang, Deqiang Feng, Kui Jin, Jing Ma, and Lin Gu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Science ,Oxide ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Gating ,01 natural sciences ,Redox ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Metal ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electric field ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Heterojunction ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Coupling (electronics) ,Ferromagnetism ,chemistry ,Chemical physics ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Electric-field-driven oxygen ion evolution in the metal/oxide heterostructures emerges as an effective approach to achieve the electric-field control of ferromagnetism. However, the involved redox reaction of the metal layer typically requires extended operation time and elevated temperature condition, which greatly hinders its practical applications. Here, we achieve reversible sub-millisecond and room-temperature electric-field control of ferromagnetism in the Co layer of a Co/SrCoO2.5 system accompanied by bipolar resistance switching. In contrast to the previously reported redox reaction scenario, the oxygen ion evolution occurs only within the SrCoO2.5 layer, which serves as an oxygen ion gating layer, leading to modulation of the interfacial oxygen stoichiometry and magnetic state. This work identifies a simple and effective pathway to realize the electric-field control of ferromagnetism at room temperature, and may lead to applications that take advantage of both the resistance switching and magnetoelectric coupling., It has been suggested that the magnetic properties of metal layers using reversible redox reactions could form the basis of memory devices but this requires fast electric control to be practical. Here the authors demonstrate this on sub-millisecond timescales in a metal–oxide heterostructure.
- Published
- 2017
49. A novel multi-source data fusion method based on Bayesian inference for accurate estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration over eutrophic lakes
- Author
-
Hanlu Yan, Zhiyuan Wang, Qiuwen Chen, Zheng Duan, Gang Li, He Mengnan, Jianwei Dong, and Cheng Chen
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Mean squared error ,Ecological Modeling ,Cumulative distribution function ,Multiplicative function ,010501 environmental sciences ,Bayesian inference ,Sensor fusion ,Residual ,01 natural sciences ,Statistics ,Likelihood function ,Nonlinear regression ,Software ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mathematics - Abstract
A novel multi-source data fusion method based on Bayesian inference (BIF) was proposed in this study to blend the advantages of in-situ observations and remote sensing estimations for obtaining accurate chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration in Lake Taihu (China). Two error models (additive and multiplicative) were adopted to construct the likelihood function in BIF; the BIF method was also compared with three commonly used data fusion algorithms, including linear and nonlinear regression data fusion (LRF and NLRF) and cumulative distribution function matching data fusion (CDFF). The results showed the multiplicative error model had small normalized residual errors and was a more suitable choice. The BIF method largely outperformed the data fusion algorithms of CDFF, NLRF and LRF, with the largest correlation coefficients and smallest root mean square error. Moreover, the BIF results can capture the high Chla concentrations in the northwest and the low Chla concentrations in the east of Lake Taihu.
- Published
- 2021
50. Planar Polycyclic Oxaphosphoranes Incorporating a Benzophosphole Unit
- Author
-
François Mathey, Xu Zhao, Zhenjie Gan, Zheng Duan, and Chaopeng Hu
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Coplanarity ,010402 general chemistry ,Grafting ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Planar ,law ,Organic chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Filtration - Abstract
A facile method to synthesize quaternized benzophospholes on gram scale was reported, and the products were isolated by simple filtration. During this research, a series of σ5-oxaphosphoranes incorporating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were obtained. The grafting of α-phenolate groups on the phosphorus center enhances the coplanarity of the system.
- Published
- 2017
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.