1. Thymol Chemotype Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil as a Potential Selective Bio-Based Herbicide on Monocot Plant Species
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Daniela Gruľová, Janka Poráčová, Vincenzo De Feo, Lucia Caputo, Ippolito Natale Camele, Zuzana Gogaľová, Laura De Martino, Beáta Baranová, Hazem S. Elshafie, and Vincent Sedlák
- Subjects
Antifungal activity ,Antimicrobial activity ,Dicots ,Monocots ,Phytotoxicity ,Thymol chemotype ,Pharmaceutical Science ,phytotoxicity ,Pseudomonas savastanoi ,dicots ,01 natural sciences ,Lepidium sativum ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anti-Infective Agents ,law ,Origanum ,Drug Discovery ,Thymol ,Triticum ,Botrytis cinerea ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Cytotoxins ,food and beverages ,Free Radical Scavengers ,Plants ,Monilinia fructicola ,monocots ,thymol chemotype ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,Sinapis ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Article ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Species Specificity ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Botany ,Oils, Volatile ,Humans ,Plant Oils ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Essential oil ,030304 developmental biology ,antimicrobial activity ,Chemotype ,Herbicides ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,antifungal activity ,Hordeum ,biology.organism_classification ,Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Hordeum vulgare ,Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor - Abstract
Searching for new bio-based herbicides is crucial for decreasing chemical pollution, protecting the environment, and sustaining biodiversity. Origanum vulgare is considered a promising source of essential oil with herbicidal effect. The mode of action is not known. The present study focused on (1) comparison of phytotoxic activity of Origanum vulgare EO on monocot (Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare) and dicot species (Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba), (2) and evaluating other antimicrobial biological activities against phytopatogen bacteria (Clavibacter michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Pseudomonas savastanoi, and Xanthomonas campestris), antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum, and Botrytis cinerea, cytotoxic activity and antioxidant activity. According to the GC/MS analyses, the EO belongs to the thymol chemotype O. vulgare with its high content of thymol (76%). Germination of all four species was not influenced by EO. The phytotoxic effect was statistically significant in the monocot species, while in the dicot species the opposite was observed&mdash, a stimulation effect, which was also statistically significant. Strong biological activity of O. vulgare EO was noted on all phytopatogen bacteria and fungi in the highest dose. Cytotoxic activity showed an IC50 = 50.5 &mu, g/mL. Antioxidant activity showed an IC50 = 106.6 &mu, g/mL after 45 min experimental time. Based on the presented results, it is possible to conclude that thymol chemotype O. vulgare essential oil could be potentially used as a herbicide with selective effects on monocot plant species.
- Published
- 2020
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