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Background Previous studies have shown that cypermethrin has a teratogenic effect on rat feti born to exposed dam or buck with no information on its effect on their reproductive parameters at maturity. The present study was aimed at evaluating the reproductive effect of perinatal beta cypermethrin (β-cyp) exposure on female F1 generation rat. Methods Fifteen pregnant animals (day 0 = day of mating, average body-weight = 190 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A (control) received 0.5 ml olive oil, group B (15 mg/kg β-cyp), and group C (30 mg/kg β-cyp) by oral gavage from gestational day (GD) 1—post natal day (PND) 20. On PND 21, the pups were weaned and bred to 12 weeks of age (maturity). At maturity, 5 females were randomly taken from each group. The estrous cycle was determined for 14 days. Thereafter, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected for hormonal assay (LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone) using enzyme immunoassay. Results β-cyp had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the estrous cycle. There was no significant (p > 0.05) change in the serum concentration of the sex hormones except the LH concentration where there was a dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) decrease in treated groups relative to the control. Conclusion It is therefore concluded that perinatal beta cypermethrin exposure could have a deleterious effect on the reproductive development of female F1 generation rats, even at maturity.