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1. Development of a self-contained device for rapid detection of volatile impurities in the oil system of a turbine

Author

V. V. Shangin, D. V. Volosnikov, V. G. Bukhman, Aleksandr A. Starostin, and Pavel V. Skripov

Subjects
Engineering, Noise (signal processing), business.industry, Electrical engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Thermal power station, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Turbine, Signal, Automotive engineering, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Volumetric flow rate, Microcontroller, 020401 chemical engineering, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Resistance thermometer, 0204 chemical engineering, business
Abstract

The research is devoted to development of a self-contained device for rapid detection of volatile impurities in the oil system of a turbine and testing it using the operating equipment. The device consists of a remote sensor, whose sensitive element is a 3–5-mm long wire probe 20 microns in diameter, and a measurement unit that comprises a microcontroller with a set of peripherals. The design of the device enables automation of the measurement procedure with a minimum number of preset settings and real-time output of information to the operator console. The software of the device provides two-stage pulse heating of the wire probe and a resistance temperature detector. The two-stage mode proves to be the most sensitive to appearance in the system of moisture, including its trace amounts. The characteristic time of the heating is of the order of 10 ms. The measurement procedure is based on a method that consists in automatic search for spontaneous boiling-up temperature of the oil accompanied by a characteristic response signal. The results were interpreted by formal correlation of the measured values with an array of calibration data obtained in similar experiments with well-defined oil samples. An experimental method for application of the device has been developed that takes into account technological factors, such as comparatively high values of the flow rate and the temperature of the oil in locations of the oil drain from bearings, the variability of these values, and the variety of noise types that accompany the operation of the thermal power equipment that complicate the online measurements. Tests of the device were carried out in locations of oil drain from supporting bearings. The test results have demonstrated the possibility of applying the device directly in the oil system of a turbine and provided a practical basis for development of a system of multipoint control of the technological scheme in real time.

Published
2016
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2. Detection of volatile impurities in turbine oils by the heat-pulse testing method

Author

V. V. Shangin, Aleksandr A. Starostin, Pavel V. Skripov, and V. A. Demin

Subjects
Millisecond, Materials science, Moisture, Nuclear engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Turbine, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 020401 chemical engineering, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Heat flux, Impurity, Mass transfer, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Thermal stability, Resistance thermometer, 0204 chemical engineering
Abstract

The research is aimed at development and implementation of methods and devices to control critical sections of the oil system of the power equipment that operates in the real time mode. The task was to develop a method for rapid detection of volatile impurities in turbine oils. The approach to the study is based on quantitative assessment of the short-term thermal stability of the substance that is formally associated with the content of the volatile impurity. The approach was selected on the basis of the results of search experiments taking into consideration the formulation of requirements for the method and the device, viz., (1) the method should reliably determine the moisture content in the range of 10–150 g of the impurity per ton of oil and (2) the device is to be applicable “in situ.” For this purpose, a variant of the method of the controlled pulse heating of a wire probe, a resistance thermometer, has been developed. The advantages of the method are its speed, sensitivity to small contents of volatile impurities regardless of the nature of the impurity, and smallness of methodologically contributed perturbation. The heating conditions of the probe most sensitive to the appearance of moisture— including its trace amounts—in the system, has been defined. The duration of the measurement is on the order of milliseconds; the heat flux density through the surface of the probe reaches 1 MW/m2. The essence of the method consists in measuring, in the characteristic time interval, the temperature of the thermal instability onset associated with the content of the volatile impurity. The approach proposed by the authors is aimed at increasing the lifetime of the oil and preventing unpredictable failures of the operating equipment.

Published
2016
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3. PHENIX detector overview

Author

C. H. Kuberg, N. N. Ajitanand, J.D. Lopez, J. Chiba, L. Kotchenda, B. D. Fox, S. Bhaganatula, P. Pitukhin, Shunji Nishimura, J. Behrendt, R. A. Soltz, D.E. Hurst, F. Heistermann, G.W. Thornton, Takahiro Nakamura, G. C. Mishra, Ryo Yamamoto, Takao Sakaguchi, J.B. Archuleta, M. Grosse Perdekamp, A. L. Godoi, C. Blume, G.W. Hart, C. Klein-Boesing, A. Durum, Stephen Daniels, X. Liu, J. D. Tepe, V. Bumazhnov, A. D. Frawley, G. Riabov, A. Usachev, Wuzheng Meng, C. L. Woody, J. LaBounty, M. Issah, H. Funahashi, D. S. Brown, J. Mead, A. Lebedev, L. Hawkins, G.A. Sleege, A. Shajii, P.S. Willis, A. Khomutnikov, J.S. Hicks, D. Engo, A. Ster, R. Cunningham, S. Chollet, A. G. Hansen, S. H. Aronson, E. Taniguchi, W.D. Thomas, E. Vznuzdaev, S. F. Pate, H. Tsuruoka, R.B. Chappell, K. N. Barish, Felix E. Obenshain, V. Baublis, T. Honaguchi, I. V. Sourikova, H. Torii, V.D. Lebedev, T. Shiina, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, S. Batsouli, E. P. Hartouni, Gerry Bunce, W. Lenz, T. L. Thomas, W. Holzmann, R. Ruggiero, H.D. Skank, Charles Maguire, Y. Sumi, M. Ono, Y. J. Kwon, W. Liccardi, Ryugo S. Hayano, B. V. Dinesh, J. Chang, Y. Riabov, J. Bowers, S. S. Adler, G. S. Kyle, K. Enosawa, S. Hahn, H.-J. Kehayias, Kenta Shigaki, V. Papavassiliou, B. Libby, Sébastien Gadrat, A. S. Nyanin, E. Stenlund, E. Bosze, Y. Miyamoto, Y. I. Makdisi, W. C. Chang, F. Messer, Yasushi Nagasaka, J. Banning, D.J. Clark, N. Miftakhov, D. E. Fields, T. Ushiroda, B. V. Jacak, G. T. Danby, M.S. Musrock, T. K. Hemmick, Sean A. Kelly, M. Sugioka, Wei Xie, A. Deshpande, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Y. Yokota, James Alexander, O. Tarasenkova, Jason Newby, J.P. Jones, Wei Tian, R. du Rietz, L. Sanfratello, T.F. Gee, Y. Wan, S. Sakai, S.H. Robinson, V. Vasiliev, J. G. Boissevain, N. Kamihara, V.I. Vishnevskii, An.A. Vorobyov, F. G. Bellaiche, M. Velkovsky, Josh Moss, V. Lebedev, M. Tamai, S. Butsyk, Vladimir Samsonov, K. Katou, C.M. Dabrowski, S. T. Belyaev, P. J. Kroon, Y. Liu, M. J. Tannenbaum, V.S. Kozlov, A. K. Purwar, T. A. Carey, J.R. Archuleta, M. Sekimoto, L. Zhang, V. S. Pantuev, G. Gogiberidze, J.P. Freidberg, E. Kistenev, Nu Xu, A. P.T. Palounek, Vladislav Manko, M. Messer, Athanasios Petridis, A. Kiyomichi, D.W. Crook, M. Murray, Senta Greene, Alexei Khanzadeev, V. V. Ikonnikov, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, A. Kozlov, C. Velissaris, G. R. Young, R. Averbeck, A. A. Vinogradov, V.V. Kuriatkov, R. Raynis, K. Adcox, J. Tradeski, E.M. Stein, S. Sawada, F. Matathias, Junji Tojo, P. Steinberg, R. Armendariz, B. Azmoun, M.S. Emery, J.L. Thomas, S. S. Kapoor, Junwei Wu, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, L.W. Wright, R. Seto, Zhedong Zhang, Keith W. Jones, Henrik Tydesjö, C. P. Singh, Mark Allen, Mikhail Ippolitov, M. Pollack, N. Bruner, T. A. Shibata, V.A. Onuchin, W.L. Bryan, S. Garpman, Graham H. Turner, Steven E. Skutnik, Tetsufumi Hirano, Franck Gastaldi, B. Khachaturov, O. Fackler, J.W. Walker, Alexander Milov, M. D. Marx, M. Stepanov, G. Roche, G. Jackson, V. Ivanov, A. Kandasamy, E. O'Brien, C. Pancake, D. Bucher, J. Barrette, Hyun-Chul Kim, J. M. Qualls, J. Milan, M. Rosati, G.P. Solodov, M. Bobrek, T. Matsumoto, X. He, L.Donald Isenhower, H. En'yo, W. W. Kinnison, Michael L. Simpson, P. Constantin, S. Boose, M. C. McCain, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, M. J. Leitch, J. L. Nagle, M. S. Chung, P. Giannotti, R. Rao, C. Witzig, S. Klinksiek, H. Cunitz, Y. Kamyshkov, R. Hoade, R. Lacey, S. Yoneyama, O. Drapier, M. Vznuzdaev, J. H. Kang, T. C. Awes, R. Belkin, X.B. Martinez, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, R. Machnowski, S. Migluolio, J. S. Haggerty, A. Romana, J. S. Kapustinsky, Hideki Hamagaki, L. Nikkinen, Akira Masaike, D. P. Morrison, Jun Kikuchi, Philippe Rosnet, Joakim Nystrand, N. Starinsky, H. Hara, Y. Tanaka, A. Drees, D.-W. Kim, T. K. Shea, J. Negrin, W. Von Achen, M. Suzuki-Nara, G. David, V. E. Semenov, A. Moore, R. E. Mischke, J. Johnson, C. Zhang, L. L. Chavez, C.T. Hunter, Tai Sakuma, G.T. Alley, M.L. Brooks, T. Chujo, L. Wood, V.S. Griffin, Anders Nils Erik Oskarsson, Riko Higuchi, M. Kann, T. Christ, J. Harder, A. A. Rose, J. Ferrierra, J. DeMoss, D.G. Markushin, B. K. Nandi, Christopher B. Williams, K. Minuzzo, Y. Nakada, John D. Jackson, W. Guryn, M. A. Volkov, R. Conway, R. Thern, E. J. Desmond, Viktor Riabov, R.A. Todd, V. Tarakanov, Z. Sun, F. Toldo, P. L. McGaughey, Yongsun Kim, P. W. Stankus, J. Gosset, S. Esumi, J. P. Sullivan, R. Granier de Cassagnac, N. Ericson, B. R. Schlei, W. A. Zajc, Yuri Efremenko, M. Hibino, M. Kennedy, L.G. Kudin, R. Gentry, J. M. Burward-Hoy, W. Verhoeven, M. Libkind, S. Lin, Z. Li, Dong Jo Kim, T. Shimada, R.H. Hance, A. Denisov, S. Y. Kim, O. Dietzsch, D. M. Lee, V. Cianciolo, Andy W. Brown, K. Karadjev, S.A. Kahn, M. Cutshaw, C. A. Ogilvie, Sergey Fokin, G.G. Moscone, H. Buesching, Dipanwita Dutta, V. Armijo, Iou.A. Koutcheryaev, V. Shangin, A. Hoover, I. Tserruya, V.V. Kashikhin, F. Barta, A.B. Barker, R. Amirikas, Julia Velkovska, L. Villatte, I. E. Yushmanov, V. Shelikhov, T. C. Sangster, L. Paffrath, R. Savino, V. Singh, E. Fujisawa, M.A. Echave, G. B. Kim, J. Gannon, D. Koehler, H. Hayashi, K. Ebisu, Yasuo Miake, M. Lenz, Melissa C. Smith, Xingguo Li, Hirohiko Sato, K. El Chenawi, S. K. Tuli, E. Roschin, D. J. Lim, W. Stokes, Zhongfan Liu, R. Jayakumar, J. Lauret, Aya Sakaguchi, German Martinez, M. Gonin, George Davey Smith, Y. H. Shin, Shih-Chang Lee, Martin Purschke, Y. Kuroki, W. Y. Jang, Minghui Liu, K. S. Sim, R. Begay, Alexander Vasiliev, Sebastian N. White, K. Kurita, M. Sivertz, T. Weimer, Kenneth Francis Read, D. Kotchetkov, T. Plagge, Z. Fraenkel, H.-Å. Gustafsson, A.W. Bland, J. Stewering, S. Bathe, D. Borland, Hiroyuki Sako, K. Imai, F. Kajihara, S. P. Stoll, H. Delagrange, V.A. Evseev, M. Kopytine, K. Yagi, S. Zhou, D.C. Smith, B. Komkov, B.R. Whitus, J. L. Drachenberg, Markus Merschmeyer, C. Britton, Y. Severgin, Norio Saito, S. Wang, T. E. Miller, R. Santo, R. Hutter, A. Enokizono, Kensuke Homma, P. Chung, E. Melnikov, K. Pope, T. Ferdousi, W.F. Sandhoff, R. K. Choudhury, A. Debraine, M.A. Kelley, Yoshio Arai, S.S. Frank, T. Ichihara, S. P. Sorensen, S. C. Johnson, Y. J. Mao, W. Sippach, D. Jouan, S. Chernichenko, M. J. Kweon, K. Koseki, Peter M. Nilsson, A. Franz, J. T. Mitchell, F. K. Wohn, B. Bassalleck, F. Mühlbacher, T. K. Ghosh, L. Ewell, T. Moore, J. G. Lajoie, T. Hachiya, S. A. Nikolaev, M. R. Shaw, K.C. Cook, U. Jagadish, M. Rau, Atsushi Taketani, H. W. Van Hecke, I. D. Ojha, Motoi Inaba, L. Britton, H. Kobayashi, S. Salomone, M. Vassent, S. K. Mark, S. Rankowitz, David D'Enterria, Y. Berdnikov, J. E. Frantz, R. Petersen, J. Simon-Gillo, R. P. Pisani, D. Jaffe, Y. Akiba, P. D. Barnes, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, Herve Borel, Lennart Osterman, Nikolay Tyurin, S. Nagamiya, Kazuhiro Tanaka, A. Glenn, S. Urasawa, Klaus Johannes Reygers, R. Schleuter, B.C. Montoya, G. Rao, S. Steffens, S. Y. Fung, V. Kochetkov, J.R. Mahon, P. Kravtsov, Nathan Longbotham, Y. Cobigo, Jack Fried, M. Kurata-Nishimura, I. Sibiriak, I. Ravinovich, P. Chand, F. Plasil, L.C. Watkins, Ryan M. Roth, J. Halliwell, S. S. Ryu, D. Autrey, M. Van Lith, Y. Melnikov, Ahmed Al-Jamel, T. Kohama, Masayasu Ishihara, John Hill, K. Oyama, L. Kluberg, B.G. Wong-Swanson, Susumu Sato, A.L. Wintenberg, M. Muniruzzaman, P. O'Conner, F. Staley, S. Markacs, Toru Sugitate, V. Trofimov, S. Kametani, Y. Yang, B. M. Johnson, H. Akikawa, Y. Watanabe, R. Prigl, M.M. Cafferty, François Fleuret, M. Aizama, Brian Cole, R. S. Towell, J. H. Thomas, L. Davis Isenhower, S. Marino, J.C. Biggs, M. J. Bennett, K. Wolniewicz, N. Hayashi, A. Soldatov, D. S. Ho, J. Fellenstein, N. Heine, C. Y. Chi, W.E. Sondheim, E. Lockner, A. A. Tsvetkov, T. Peitzmann, Saskia Mioduszewski, H. Wang, Yves Roland Schutz, C. Pinkenburg, J. Murata, S. Botelho, Shiv K. Gupta, J.-S. Chai, J. M. Heuser, Sumio Kato, E. M. Takagui, I. Shein, I. Otterlund, A.R. Harvey, Alberto Baldisseri, A. Danmura, S. Yokkaichi, S. Held, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Harrison M. Ludlam T. Ozaki S., PHENIX, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Muon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Electron, Nuclear matter, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Instrumentation
Abstract

The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2003

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