Author: "Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)" / Topic: 01 natural sciences - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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135 results on '"Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)"'

1. Industrial Ramie Growing on Reclaimed Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Elements Mine Tailings in Southern China: Defibration and Fibers Quality

Author: Rongliang Qiu, Hermine Huot, Isabelle Zigler-Devin, Chang Liu, Jean-Louis Morel, Ye-Tao Tang, Mahdi Hedri, Nicolas Brosse, César Segovia, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, 020209 energy, rare earth elements, phytoremediation, 02 engineering and technology, degumming, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Ramie, 010608 biotechnology, Ultimate tensile strength, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Fiber, Waste Management and Disposal, Natural fiber, Steam explosion, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Alkali metal, Tailings, steam explosion, Phytoremediation, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, ramie, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea) have been cultivated on ion-adsorption rare earth elements (REEs) mine tailings and showed a low ability to accumulate REEs, especially in the stems (REE= 24±17 mg kg-1) with higher concentration in leaves and roots (REE= 57 to 66 mg kg-1). Ramie individual fibers were isolated using three degumming processes: a traditional alkali treatment (AT), a steam explosion (SE) treatment after a neutral (SEN) or after a basic (SEB) impregnation. Cellulose-rich (> 80%) fine fibers with very low amounts of non-cellulosic sugars (
Published: 2021

2. SLAM-aided forest plot mapping combining terrestrial and mobile laser scanning

Author: Thibault Lejemble, Guangjian Yan, Jie Shao, Nan Wang, Shuangna Jin, Nicolas Mellado, Shangshu Cai, Wuming Zhang, Lei Luo, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Structural Models and Tools in Computer Graphics (IRIT-STORM), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Camille Jordan [Villeurbanne] (ICJ), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wuhan Polytechnic University, and National University of Defense Technology [China]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Laser scanning, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Point cloud, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Data acquisition, Robustness (computer science), Motion estimation, Computer vision, Computers in Earth Sciences, Engineering (miscellaneous), 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, 3D reconstruction, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], 15. Life on land, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computer Science Applications, Lidar, Data pre-processing, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: International audience; Precise structural information collected from plots is significant in the management of and decision-making regarding forest resources. Currently, laser scanning is widely used in forestry inventories to acquire three-dimensional (3D) structural information. There are three main data-acquisition modes in ground-based forest measurements: single-scan terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), multi-scan TLS and multi-single-scan TLS. Nevertheless, each of these modes causes specific difficulties for forest measurements. Due to occlusion effects, the single-scan TLS mode provides scans for only one side of the tree. The multi-scan TLS mode overcomes occlusion problems, however, at the cost of longer acquisition times, more human labor and more effort in data preprocessing. The multi-single-scan TLS mode decreases the workload and occlusion effects but lacks the complete 3D reconstruction of forests. These problems in TLS methods are largely avoided with mobile laser scanning (MLS); however, the geometrical peculiarity of forests (e.g., similarity between tree shapes, placements, and occlusion) complicates the motion estimation and reduces mapping accuracy.Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method combining single-scan TLS and MLS for forest 3D data acquisition. We use single-scan TLS data as a reference, onto which we register MLS point clouds, so they fill in the omission of the single-scan TLS data. To register MLS point clouds on the reference, we extract virtual feature points that are sampling the centerlines of tree stems and propose a new optimization-based registration framework. In contrast to previous MLS-based studies, the proposed method sufficiently exploits the natural geometric characteristics of trees. We demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and accuracy of the proposed method on three datasets, from which we extract structural information. The experimental results show that the omission of tree stem data caused by one scan can be compensated for by the MLS data, and the time of the field measurement is much less than that of the multi-scan TLS mode. In addition, single-scan TLS data provide strong global constraints for MLS-based forest mapping, which allows low mapping errors to be achieved, e.g., less than 2.0 cm mean errors in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
Published: 2020

3. Progressive Folding and Adaptive Multivalent Recognition of Alkyl Amines and Amino Acids in p ‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene Hosts: Solid‐State and Solution Studies

Author: Liya Dai, Dan Dumitrescu, Mihail Barboiu, Dawei Wang, Wei-Xu Feng, Arie van der Lee, Shao-Ping Zheng, Ji-Jun Jiang, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and ELLETRA
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, 010405 organic chemistry, Hydrogen bond, macromolecular substances, General Chemistry, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Folding (chemistry), Crystallography, Molecular recognition, chemistry, Calixarene, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Alkyl
Abstract: International audience; Calix[4]arenes have the ability to encapsulate biomimetic guests, offering interesting opportunities to explore their molecular recognition, very close to biological scenarios. In this study, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (C4 A) anions and hydrated alkali cations have been used for the in situ recognition of cationic 1,ω-diammonium-alkanes and 1,ω-amino-acids of variable lengths. NMR spectroscopy illustrates that these systems are stable in aqueous solution and the interaction process involves several binding states or stabilized conformations within the C4 A anion, depending of the nature of the guest. DOSY experiments showed that monomeric 1 : 1 host-guest species are present, while the cation does not influence their selfassembly in solution. The folded conformations observed in the solid-state X-ray single-crystal structures shed light on the constitutional adaptivity of flexible chains to environmental factors. Futhermore, a comprehensive screening of 30 single crystal structures helped to understand the in situ conformational fixation and accurate determination of the folded structures of the confined guest molecules, with a compression up to 40 % compared with their linear conformations.
Published: 2020

4. Determination of global land surface temperature using data from only five selected thermal infrared channels: Method extension and accuracy assessment

Author: Huabing Huang, Xiaopo Zheng, Françoise Nerry, Zhao-Liang Li, Tianxing Wang, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land surface temperature, Soil Science, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Temperature-emissivity separation, Emissivity, Computers in Earth Sciences, Retrieval algorithm, Energy exchange, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Thermal infrared, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Accuracy assessment, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Thermal infrared data, Land surface temperature (LST), Split window, Scale (map), Communication channel
Abstract: International audience; Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential input for modeling the processes of energy exchange and balance of the earth's surface. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is considered to be the most efficient way to obtain accurate LST, both regionally and globally. Currently, many LST retrieval algorithms have been developed, including the up-to-date SW-TES (SW: split window; TES: temperature-emissivity separation) method, which is claimed to be able to accurately derive LST without the need for atmospheric information and land surface emissivity (LSE) based on the selected multiple TIR channel configuration. However, this hybrid method is actually not applicable to observations with large viewing angles and was only preliminarily evaluated in Australia. In this study, this method was extended for application to global TIR measurements with different viewing angles. Additionally, the performance of this extended SW-TES method was assessed globally for different seasons by using the MODIS LST product as a reference, and was also validated using in-situ LST measurements from the SURFRAD (SURFace RADiation budget network) sites. The results showed that the LST retrievals using the extended SW-TES method were comparable to the MODIS LST product, with discrepancies of 4.0 K). Overall, in this study, the SW-TES method was extended, and the performance was comprehensively evaluated at the global scale, which may help in facilitating its potential applications.
Published: 2022

5. Improved global-scale predictions of soil carbon stocks with Millennial Version 2

Author: Katerina Georgiou, Xiaofeng Xu, Bertrand Guenet, Haicheng Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, R. Z. Abramoff, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Stanford University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), San Diego State University (SDSU), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), R.Z.A. thanks Jinyun Tang and Elisa Thébault for helpful discussion about model formulation. R.Z.A. was supported by the French government grant 'Make Our Planet Great Again' and by a Marie Skłodowska–Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant no. 834-169) from the European Union's Horizon 2020 program. K.G. was supported as a Lawrence Fellow at Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) by the LLNL-LDRD Program under Project No. 21-ERD-045 and the US DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program as part of the LLNL Microbes Persist Scientific Focus Area, SCW1632. Work at LLNL was conducted under the auspices of US DOE Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. X.X. has been supported by the ORNL Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Scientific Focus Area (ORNL TES-SFA) and NGEE Arctic projects and DE-SC0014416, which are supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science., European Project: 834169,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2018,FlexMod(2020), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineral association, Soil organic carbon stocks, Biome, Soil Science, Fractionation, Atmospheric sciences, Microbial decomposition, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Latitude, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Particulates, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Soil carbon modeling, Cycling
Abstract: Soil carbon (C) models are used to predict C sequestration responses to climate and land use change. Yet, the soil models embedded in Earth system models typically do not represent processes that reflect our current understanding of soil C cycling, such as microbial decomposition, mineral association, and aggregation. Rather, they rely on conceptual pools with turnover times that are fit to bulk C stocks and/or fluxes. As measurements of soil fractions become increasingly available, it is necessary for soil C models to represent these measurable quantities so that model processes can be evaluated more accurately. Here we present Version 2 (V2) of the Millennial model, a soil model developed to simulate C pools that can be measured by extraction or fractionation, including particulate organic C, mineral-associated organic C, aggregate C, microbial biomass, and low molecular weight C. Model processes have been updated to reflect the current understanding of mineral-association, temperature sensitivity and reaction kinetics, and different model structures were tested within an open-source framework. We evaluated the ability of Millennial V2 to simulate total soil organic C (SOC), as well as the mineral-associated and particulate fractions, using three independent data sets of soil fractionation measurements spanning a range of climate and geochemistry in Australia (N = 495), Europe (N = 175), and across the globe (N = 659). When using all the data together (N = 1329), the Millennial V2 model predicted SOC (RMSE = 3.3 kg C m−2, AIC = 675, R i n 2 = 0.31, R o u t 2 = 0.26) better than the widely-used first-order decomposition model Century (RMSE = 3.4 kg C m−2, AIC = 696, R i n 2 = 0.21, R o u t 2 = 0.18) across sites, despite the fact that Millennial V2 has an increase in process complexity and number of parameters compared to Century. Millennial V2 also reproduced the observed fraction of C in MAOM and larger particle size fractions for most latitudes and biomes, and allows for a more detailed understanding of the pools and processes that affect model performance. It is important to note that this study evaluates the spatial variation in C stock only, and that the temporal dynamics of Millennial V2 remain to be tested. The Millennial V2 model updates the conceptual Century model pools and processes and represents our current understanding of the roles that microbial activity, mineral association and aggregation play in soil C sequestration.
Published: 2022

6. Processing of Plants to Products: Gold, REEs and Other Elements

Author: Marie-Odile Simonnot, Ye-Tao Tang, Baptiste Laubie, Bastien Jally, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), van der Ent A., Baker A.J.M., Echevarria G., Simonnot M.O., and Morel J.L.
Subjects: [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Circular economy, Scale (chemistry), Rare earth, Biomass, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Tailings, 12. Responsible consumption, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, Environmental science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Nickel recovery by agromining has been widely studied because of the abundance of species that hyperaccumulate this element. But at the same time, in the context of the circular economy, there is growing interest in recovery of other elements for both economic and environmental reasons. Firstly, the recovery of gold from mine tailings appears increasingly promising, as does that of rare earth elements, which are strategic for numerous advanced technologies. In both cases, the economic value is a driver but also a need to remediate mine tailing by nature-based solutions. Secondly, despite being less valuable, the recovery of Cd and Zn has been much studied, because these two elements are contaminants of many industrial or agricultural soils and many plants are capable of accumulating them. It is therefore essential to find solutions for disposal of the biomass contaminated with metals and preferably by profiting from it. For this set of elements, processes based on thermal or chemical methods have been proposed on a small scale and some are on the verge of being scaled up. Other elements, such as metals of the platinoid family, Mn or molecules of pharmaceutical interest, have been the subject of pioneering work that remains to be developed. At the present time, it can be considered that in this area there is still a world to explore.
Published: 2021

7. Multiple tectonic-magmatic Mo-enrichment events in Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, NW China and its’ implications for the formation of giant porphyry Mo deposit

Author: Jun Gao, Laurent Oscar, Tao Hong, Mingguo Zhai, Yuejun Wang, Kateřina D. Schlöglová, David Dolejš, Xing-Wang Xu, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], College of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Beijing], University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)
Subjects: Mineralization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Phanerozoic, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace elements, Geology, Tectonics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Molybdenum, Molybdenite, Economic Geology, Re-Mo Molybdenite, Negative correlation, Porphyry deposits, Multiple Mo enrichment
Abstract: International audience; The Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit located in the Chinese Altay-East Junggar, a section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the world's largest Phanerozoic subduction-accretionary orogen, witnessed the multistage tectonic-magmatic evolution and mineralization from arc to syn- and post-collision environment over a time span of about 52 Ma. Four types of molybdenite have been distinguished: (1) primary magmatic-hydrothermal, undeformed molybdenite in porphyry, (2) recrystallized molybdenite associated with ductile deformation, (3) recrystallized, intrafoliational molybdenite, and (4) fracture-related hydrothermal molybdenite, and these are characterized by decreasing Re abundances from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions. Individual molybdenite types are non-stoichiometric and exhibit the following negative correlation between the Mo and Re contents:Re (apfu) = −0.0026 Mo (apfu) + 0.00268.This trend reflects successive stages of tectonic-hydrothermal events from a magmatic island-arc to a post-collisional setting. These repetitive mineralization events produced Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo grade of the Yuleken deposit, and are recorded in progressively decreasing Re concentrations in molybdenite. Statistical evaluation of Mo and Re abundances in giant to small porphyry deposits worldwide also indicates that decreasing Re in molybdenite will lead to lower overall Re resource (in a single deposit) and to greater overall Mo resource (in the same deposit). Multiple mineralization processes related to repetitive tectonomagmatic episodes in large porphyry Mo deposits that display Re depletion in molybdenite suggest that reworking of mantle-derived porphyry systems by successive events of crustal growth may be the responsible for Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo ore grade, and eventually produce giant porphyry molybdenum deposits.
Published: 2021

8. Time-Dependent Conformal Transformations and the Propagator for Quadratic Systems

Author: Peter A. Horvathy, Pengming Zhang, Qiliang Zhao, School of Physics and Astronomy [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut Denis Poisson (IDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11975320)., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, Conformal map, frequency: time dependence, classical general relativity, 01 natural sciences, PACS : 03.65.-w, 03.65.Sq, 04.20.-q, Quadratic equation, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 0103 physical sciences, oscillator, Computer Science (miscellaneous), QA1-939, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Mathematical Physics, transformation: conformal, Mathematical physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Mathieu, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phase correction, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], quantum mechanics, Propagator, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Quadratic system, Transformation (function), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Chemistry (miscellaneous), semiclassical theories and applications, Free form, propagator, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Mathematics
Abstract: The method proposed by Inomata and his collaborators allows us to transform a damped Caldiroli-Kanai oscillator with time-dependent frequency to one with constant frequency and no friction by redefining the time variable, obtained by solving a Ermakov-Milne-Pinney equation. Their mapping ``Eisenhart-Duval'' lifts as a conformal transformation between two appropriate Bargmann spaces. The quantum propagator is calculated also by bringing the quadratic system to free form by another time-dependent Bargmann-conformal transformation which generalizes the one introduced before by Niederer and is related to the mapping proposed by Arnold. Our approach allows us to extend the Maslov phase correction to arbitrary time-dependent frequency. The method is illustrated by the Mathieu profile., Comment: This paper celebrates the 90th birthday of Akira Inomata. 28 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version
Published: 2021

9. Atmospheric Impacts of COVID-19 on NOx and VOC Levels over China Based on TROPOMI and IASI Satellite Data and Modeling

Author: Tao Wang, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Xiaoqin Shi, Claire Granier, Michel Van Roozendael, Yiming Liu, Thierno Doumbia, Isabelle De Smedt, Simone Tilmes, Benjamin Gaubert, Sabine Darras, N. Elguindi, Maite Bauwens, Guy Brasseur, Lieven Clarisse, Jean-François Müller, Christophe Lerot, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, Bruno Franco, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), nitrogen dioxide, Pollutant emissions, Anthropogenic emissions, Traitement de potabilisation de l'eau, Atmospheric model, atmospheric modeling, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phénomènes atmosphériques, Satellite data, Formaldehyde, Meteorology. Climatology, volatile organic compounds, Nitrogen dioxide, Volatile organic compounds, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, COVID-19, Technologie de l'environnement, contrôle de la pollution, Atmospheric modeling, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Environmental science, formaldehyde, anthropogenic emissions, Traitement des eaux résiduaires, QC851-999
Abstract: China was the first country to undergo large-scale lockdowns in response to the pandemic in early 2020 and a progressive return to normalization after April 2020. Spaceborne observations of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), including formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), reveal important changes over China in 2020, relative to 2019, in response to the pandemic-induced shutdown and the subsequent drop in pollutant emissions. In February, at the peak of the shutdown, the observed declines in OVOC levels were generally weaker (less than 20%) compared to the observed NO2 reductions (-40%). In May 2020, the observations reveal moderate decreases in NO2 (-15%) and PAN (-21%), small changes in CHOCHO (-3%) and HCHO (6%). Model simulations using the regional model MAGRITTEv1.1 with anthropogenic emissions accounting for the reductions due to the pandemic explain to a large extent the observed changes in lockdown-affected regions. The model results suggest that meteorological variability accounts for a minor but non-negligible part (~-5%) of the observed changes for NO2, whereas it is negligible for CHOCHO but plays a more substantial role for HCHO and PAN, especially in May. The interannual variability of biogenic and biomass burning emissions also contribute to the observed variations, explaining e.g. the important column increases of NO2 and OVOCs in February 2020, relative to 2019. These changes are well captured by the model simulations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021
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10. New Forest Aboveground Biomass Maps of China Integrating Multiple Datasets

Author: Ying-Ping Wang, Mengxiao Yu, Youxin Ma, Sheng Du, Sanaa Hobeichi, Sassan Saatchi, Genxu Wang, Nannan Cao, Keping Ma, Huabing Huang, Lei Fan, Yang Chen, Zhongbing Chang, Shenggong Li, Xuli Tang, Guoyi Zhou, Shijie Han, Gab Abramowitz, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Junhua Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), University of South Wales (USW), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Southwest University [Chongqing], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
Subjects: China, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mean squared error, Science, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Decision tree, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, remote sensing, forest aboveground biomass, carbon stock, field measurements, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, Field (geography), 020801 environmental engineering, Random forest, Weighting, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Scale (map)
Abstract: International audience; Mapping the spatial variation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) at the national or regional scale is important for estimating carbon emissions and removals and contributing to global stocktake and balancing the carbon budget. Recently, several gridded forest AGB products have been produced for China by integrating remote sensing data and field measurements, yet significant discrepancies remain among these products in their estimated AGB carbon, varying from 5.04 to 9.81 Pg C. To reduce this uncertainty, here, we first compiled independent, high-quality field measurements of AGB using a systematic and consistent protocol across China from 2011 to 2015. We applied two different approaches, an optimal weighting technique (WT) and a random forest regression method (RF), to develop two observationally constrained hybrid forest AGB products in China by integrating five existing AGB products. The WT method uses a linear combination of the five existing AGB products with weightings that minimize biases with respect to the field measurements, and the RF method uses decision trees to predict a hybrid AGB map by minimizing the bias and variance with respect to the field measurements. The forest AGB stock in China was 7.73 Pg C for the WT estimates and 8.13 Pg C for the RF estimates. Evaluation with the field measurements showed that the two hybrid AGB products had a lower RMSE (29.6 and 24.3 Mg/ha) and bias (-4.6 and -3.8 Mg/ha) than all five participating AGB datasets. Our study demonstrated both the WT and RF methods can be used to harmonize existing AGB maps with field measurements to improve the spatial variability and reduce the uncertainty of carbon stocks. The new spatial AGB maps of China can be used to improve estimates of carbon emissions and removals at the national and subnational scales.
Published: 2021

11. The role of mangrove fine root production and decomposition on soil organic carbon component ratios

Author: Shing Yip Lee, Yisheng Peng, Yasong Zhang, Mikael Motelica-Heino, Dongsheng Guan, Ling Xiao, Yujuan Chen, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil salinity, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Dissolved organic carbon, Path analysis, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SOC component ratios, Abiotic component, Biomass (ecology), Mangrove fine root, Decomposition, Sea-land gradient, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Production, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Litter, Environmental science, Mangrove
Abstract: International audience; Mangrove fine roots are an important contributor to soil organic matter (SOC), yet how their production and decomposition affect SOC accumulation across the sea-land gradient is still elusive. This study aimed to investigate the influencing path of biotic and abiotic factors of fine root production and decomposition dynamics on SOC component ratios involving particulate organic carbon (POC)/SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)/SOC, and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)/SOC. Based upon sequential root coring and the litter bag method, the production, and decomposition of mangrove fine roots were investigated. The production and turnover rate of mangrove fine roots increased from 90.9 g⋅m − 2 to 510.9 g⋅m − 2 and 0.44 yr − 1 to 1.49 yr − 1 across the sea-land gradient respectively. After one year of decomposition, 69.5-80.8% and 58.3-69.2% of low-order and highorder fine roots remained, respectively. Decomposition rates of both low-order and high-order fine roots were significantly slower in the landward zone than in the seaward zones. Redundancy analysis (RDA) illustrated that vegetation biomass and soil salinity were respectively the main biotic and abiotic factors affecting the production and decomposition of mangrove fine roots and they explained 91.2% of mangrove fine root production and decomposition. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the production of fine roots was mainly influenced by mangrove vegetation biomass while their decomposition was negatively affected by soil salinity. POC and SOC increased significantly from 20.13 t⋅ha − 1 to 58.71 t⋅ha − 1 and 78.42 t⋅ha − 1 to 139.01 t⋅ha − 1 respectively while DOC/SOC and MBC/SOC reduced from 0.33 to 0.24 and from 0.55 to 0.44 across the sea-land gradient. RDA results indicated that low-order fine root production was the major control of the ratio of SOC components among the production and decomposition of low-order and high-order fine roots, explaining 90.9% of SOC component ratio changes. Based upon structural equation modeling, the path coefficient of biotic and abiotic factors POC/SOC was 0.914 (P < 0.001), indicating that mangrove fine root production affecting by vegetation biomass and soil salinity was the main drive of SOC accumulation. Nevertheless, mangrove fine root decomposition played a minor role in SOC component change. The information gained in this study will facilitate policy decisions concerning the restoration of mangrove forests in China.
Published: 2021

12. Hollow Cobalt Phosphide with N-Doped Carbon Skeleton as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

Author: Yanyu Xie, Mengke Cai, Huanfeng Huang, Jun Teng, Mihail Barboiu, Dawei Wang, Cheng-Yong Su, Ya-Nan Fan, Minqi Chen, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire Franco-Chinois d'Informatique, d'Automatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LIAMA), Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institute of Automation - Chinese Academy of Sciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Nanostructure, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Hydrogen, Dopamine, chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, Electrocatalyst, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Metal-Organic Framework, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Bifunctional, 010405 organic chemistry, Oxygen evolution, Nanocrystals, 0104 chemical sciences, CO, chemistry, Chemical engineering, High-Performance, Nanoparticles, Water splitting, Highly Efficient, Metal-organic framework, Catalyst, Polyhedron
Abstract: International audience; The development of cost-effective, high-performance, and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting remains highly desirable yet quite challenging. Here, by selecting appreciate precursors of dopamine and a Co-containing metal-organic framework of ZIF-67, we subtly couple their reaction processes to develop a facile approach for the synthesis of a hollow CoP nanostructure with N-doped carbon skeleton (H-CoP@NC). Benefiting from the highly porous nanostructure and conductive carbon skeleton, H-CoP@NC is capable of working as highly active and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction. When further used as the electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, H-CoP@NC delivers excellent activity (cell voltage of 1.72 V at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2)), close to that of the noble-metal-based benchmark catalyst couple of Pt/C parallel to RuO2. Our work thus provides new insights into the development of transitional metal phosphides based hollow hybrid nanostructures, particularly those with multiple functionalities in sustainable energy conversion technologies and systems.
Published: 2019

13. Removal of organic dye by biomass-based iron carbide composite with an improved stability and efficiency

Author: Nan Zhao, Jean Louis Morel, Boyuan Hao, Feiran Chang, J. Z. Zhang, Lian Yu, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Peking University, China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS (UCAS)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Carbon Compounds, Inorganic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Carbonation, Composite number, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Iron oxide, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Ferric Compounds, Fe(3)C composite, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Fe(0), Degradation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Methyl orange, Environmental Chemistry, Reactivity (chemistry), Biomass, Coloring Agents, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, In situ chemical reduction, Chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Pollution, Kinetics, Chemical engineering, Colorimetry, Adsorption, Azo Compounds, Stability, Pyrolysis, Iron Compounds, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; The efficiency of zero-valent iron (Fe-0)for the degradation of contaminants in water or soil can be highly reduced by side reactions with oxygen or water. This work was conducted to test whether this drawback can be effectively suppressed by the carbonation of Fe-0 with pyrolyzed biomass, which forms a Fe3C composite. The composite Fe3C was characterized and its reactivity and stability were assessed in batch tests with methyl orange (MO) as a model pollutant. The results indicated that the removal rate of MO on Fe3C composite was higher than that of Fe-0 (7.587 mg/(g.min) vs. 4.306 mg/(g.min)) at pH 4, where the degradation mechanism was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. More importantly, the produced iron oxide in the Fe3C composite was highly suppressed. Regeneration studies showed that after three times of cycling, the removal efficiency of MO on Fe3C composite was kept to 99.42%, but Fe-0 almost lost its reactivity. In situ chemical reduction of a colorimetric redox probe (indigo-5, 5'-disulfonate, I2S) quantitatively demonstrated that Fe3C composite has the reduction kinetics of I2S obviously slower than Fe-0, indicating that Fe3C composite improved the stability of incorporated Fe-0 to resist the side oxidation.
Published: 2019

14. Co-deposition of silicon with rare earth elements (REEs) and aluminium in the fern Dicranopteris linearis from China

Author: Chang Liu, Hermine Huot, Wen-Shen Liu, Ye-Tao Tang, Jean Louis Morel, Antony van der Ent, Mei-Na Guo, Rongliang Qiu, Hong-Xiang Zheng, School of Environmental Science and Engineering [Sun Yat-sen University], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), The University of Queensland, and University of Queensland [Brisbane]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Frond, Silicon, Rare earth, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Accumulation, Dry weight, Aluminium, Botany, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Co-deposition, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Apoplast, Compartmentalization, chemistry, Dicranopteris linearis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Fern, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Aims: Dicranopteris linearis is a fern that accumulates unusually high concentrations (up to 0.3% dry weight) of rare earth elements (REEs) in China. Previously, we reported that D. linearis accumulates high concentrations of aluminium (Al) and silicon (Si) in the fronds, but the interactions between these elements and REEs were unknown. Methods: In this study, a range of analytical techniques, including chemical extractions, Scanning-Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used to study the association of REEs with Al and Si. Results: The results show that D. linearis accumulates high concentrations of REEs (up to 3830 mg kg−1), Al (up to 9660 mg kg−1) and Si (up to 20,300 mg kg−1), with concentrations increasing with age and frond order of pinna. The extraction patterns suggest the existence of REEs-Si and Al-Si complexes. The SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the existence of phytoliths (Al) deposits in the protoplast and apoplast of the pinna cells. The upper epidermis of the pinnule and the pericycle of the midvein are more concentrated in phytoliths (Al) particles. The LA-ICP-MS analysis revealed that REEs and Al are preferentially compartmentalized within bio-inactive tissues of the pinnules, e.g. necrotic tissues (REEs) and in the margins (Al). Conclusions: Co-deposition of Si with REEs and Al may be a mechanism for dealing with the high concentrations of REEs and Al in D. linearis fronds.
Published: 2019

15. Raman study of Ming porcelain dark spots: Probing Mn‐rich spinels

Author: Philippe Sciau, Tiequan Zhu, Ariane Pinto, J. Groenen, Bing Zhao, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie Orientale (CRCAO), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux Multi-fonctionnels et Multi-échelles (CEMES-M3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Materials science, Spinel, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, chemistry, Jacobsite, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], engineering, symbols, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spectroscopy, Hausmannite
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

16. Influence of anthropogenic emission inventories on simulations of air quality in China during winter and summer 2010

Author: Dongsheng Ji, Qi Fan, Guy Brasseur, Zirui Liu, Wei Gao, Xuemei Wang, Claire Granier, Lili Wang, Nellie Elguindi, Idir Bouarar, Ying Xie, Katinka Petersen, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Shanghai Center for Urban Environmental Meteorology (SCUEM), School of Environmental Science and Engineering [Guangzhou] (SESE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Jinan University [Guangzhou], Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Wind speed, Troposphere, Ozone, Beijing, 11. Sustainability, Air quality modelling, medicine, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Particulates, Trace gas, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Anthropogenic Emissions, Environmental science, WRF-Chem, PM25
Abstract: We apply the regional chemistry-transport model WRF-Chem to investigate the air pollution characteristics in three Chinese metropolitan areas (Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou) and assess the model performance in wintertime (January 2010) and summertime (July 2010) conditions. Three simulations utilizing the HTAPv2, REASv2 and MACCity anthropogenic emission inventories are conducted and compared with satellite and ground-based measurements to assess the sensitivity of the model predictions to anthropogenic emissions. Model-predicted surface meteorological fields are overall in good agreement with surface observations. However, the model tends to overestimate maximum surface wind speed, a feature also found in previous WRF-Chem modelling studies. Large discrepancies between the three emission inventories are found, specifically in the spatial distribution and the magnitude of the emissions (e.g. over 98%, 86% and 85% differences in some regions for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO) and organic carbon (OC) emissions, respectively). As a result, we find large differences between the simulations. When compared to satellite and surface observations, the HTAPv2-and REASv2-based simulations better reproduce the magnitude and spatial patterns of CO total columns and NO2 tropospheric columns derived from MOPITTv6 and GOME2 satellite observations, respectively. The simulations satisfactorily reproduce the air pollution characteristics in January 2010 as observed at surface monitoring stations in Beijing and Shanghai. The HTAPv2-based simulation better captures the pollution episode that occurred in Beijing in mid-January 2010, which is found to be related to a combination of different meteorological factors that led to the build-up of pollution. The high photochemical activity and convective turbulence in July 2010, in addition to differences in the emissions used, led to more pronounced differences between the simulations and lower statistical skills in particular for trace gases. This study shows that a considerable part of uncertainties in air quality model predictions for China can be attributed to uncertainties in current anthropogenic emission inventories. It highlights the need for more accurate and highly resolved emissions in order to improve the accuracy of model predictions. However, this study reveals that in some cases, model-observation discrepancies cannot be attributed only to inaccuracies in the emissions. For example, we found that regardless of the adopted emissions, all of the simulations fail to capture the temporal variability of particulate matter in Guangzhou during January 2010, indicating that factors other than emissions have a considerable influence on the atmospheric composition in this region. This work shows that inaccuracies in the predicted meteorological parameters (e.g. wind speed/direction, relative humidity, etc.) significantly affect the model performance, as found for example in the model predictions for Shanghai for July 2010, which show high and abrupt increases of NOx and particulates due to rapid decreases in wind speed in the model.
Published: 2019

17. Microwave surface transport in narrow-bandgap PdSe2 -MOSFETs

Author: T. Taniguchi, Z Liu, Christophe Voisin, R Le Goff, E. Bocquillon, Emmanuel Baudin, J.-M. Berroir, Y Peng, J Chazelas, Kenji Watanabe, Bernard Plaçais, M. Rosticher, Gwendal Fève, Nano-Optique, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Physique Mésoscopique, Unité de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), CNRS International - NTU - Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), THALES [France]-Nanyang Technological University [Singapour]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), photodetection, Materials science, microwave, business.industry, Band gap, Mechanical Engineering, PdSe2, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, MOSFET, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, transistor, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: Group-10 transition-metal dichalcogenides are puckered van der Waals semiconductors, with a narrow bandgap, envisioned for ultra-broadband infrared (IR) detection. To assess their dynamical transport properties we investigate P d S e 2 n-MOSFETs by using microwave admittance spectroscopy. We report on surface channel inversion-depletion-accumulation behaviors with a depletion length of 15 n m , a mobility of 110 c m 2 V − 1 s − 1 , and a bulk bandgap of 0.15 e V . Our 10 µm long devices have an electronic cut-off frequency in the GHz range promising a large gain-bandwidth product, competitive with that of III–V (InAs) and II–VI (HgCdTe) devices. The integration of bulk absorption and surface readout in P d S e 2 -MOSFETs is a monolithic geometry suitable for fast IR detection in the application-rich 1– 10 μ m range, which includes molecular spectroscopy, atmospheric communications and thermal sensing.
Published: 2021

18. Weighted $$L^2$$ Version of Mergelyan and Carleman Approximation

Author: John Erik Fornæss, Séverine Biard, Jujie Wu, Laboratoire de Mathématiques pour l’Ingénieur (LMI), Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Subharmonic function, Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematics::Complex Variables, 010102 general mathematics, Holomorphic function, Mathematics::Analysis of PDEs, [MATH.MATH-CV]Mathematics [math]/Complex Variables [math.CV], 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, State (functional analysis), Lipschitz continuity, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Domain (mathematical analysis), Combinatorics, Square-integrable function, Differential geometry, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics::Metric Geometry, Geometry and Topology, 0101 mathematics, Complex Variables (math.CV), Mathematics
Abstract: We study the density of polynomials in $H^2(E,\varphi)$, the space of square integrable functions with respect to $e^{-\varphi}dm$ and holomorphic on the interior of $E$ in $\mathbb{C}$, where $\varphi$ is a subharmonic function and $dm$ is a measure on $E$. We give a result where $E$ is the union of a Lipschitz graph and a Carath\'{e}odory domain, that we state as a weighted $L^2$-version of the Mergelyan theorem. We also prove a weighted $L^2$-version of the Carleman theorem. Keywords: Mergelyan theorem, Carleman theorem, Weighted $L^2$- spaces, Rectifiable non-Lipschitz arc, Comment: 26 pages, Comments are welcome
Published: 2021

19. Consistently positive effect of species diversity on ecosystem, but not population, temporal stability

Author: Ying Yan, Qianna Xu, Michel Loreau, Lin Jiang, Xian Yang, Shaopeng Wang, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Peking University [Beijing], Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), European Project: 666971,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,BIOSTASES(2015), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Population, Population Dynamics, Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological stability, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, Species diversity, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, respiratory system, stability, meta-analysis, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ecosystem functions, Terrestrial ecosystem, asynchrony, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Despite much recent progress, our understanding of diversity–stability relationships across different study systems remains incomplete. In particular, recent theory clarified that within-species population stability and among-species asynchronous population dynamics combine to determine ecosystem temporal stability, but their relative importance in modulating diversity-ecosystem temporal stability relationships in different ecosystems remains unclear. We addressed this issue with a meta-analysis of empirical studies of ecosystem and population temporal stability in relation to species diversity across a range of taxa and ecosystems. We show that ecosystem temporal stability tended to increase with species diversity, regardless of study systems. Increasing diversity promoted asynchrony, which, in turn, contributed to increased ecosystem stability. The positive diversity–ecosystem stability relationship persisted even after accounting for the influences of environmental covariates (e.g., precipitation and nutrient input). By contrast, species diversity tended to reduce population temporal stability in terrestrial systems but increase population temporal stability in aquatic systems, suggesting that asynchronous dynamics among species are essential for stabilizing diverse terrestrial ecosystems. We conclude that there is compelling empirical evidence for a general positive relationship between species diversity and ecosystem-level temporal stability, but the contrasting diversity–population temporal stability relationships between terrestrial and aquatic systems call for more investigations into their underlying mechanisms.
Published: 2021

20. Acceleration of western Arctic sea ice loss linked to the Pacific North American pattern

Author: Gabriel J. Bowen, Zhongwang Wei, Francis Codron, Zhongfang Liu, Sha Li, Xiaogang He, Camille Risi, Dong Chen, Christopher J. Poulsen, State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology [Shanghai], Tongji University, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Singapore], National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), University of Utah, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Downwelling, Sea ice, Arctic climate, Atmospheric science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Greenhouse warming, Advection, General Chemistry, Longwave radiation, Arctic ice pack, 030104 developmental biology, Ocean sciences, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, human activities, geographic locations
Abstract: Recent rapid Arctic sea-ice reduction has been well documented in observations, reconstructions and model simulations. However, the rate of sea ice loss is highly variable in both time and space. The western Arctic has seen the fastest sea-ice decline, with substantial interannual and decadal variability, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, through both observations and model simulations, that the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern is an important driver of western Arctic sea-ice variability, accounting for more than 25% of the interannual variance. Our results suggest that the recent persistent positive PNA pattern has led to increased heat and moisture fluxes from local processes and from advection of North Pacific airmasses into the western Arctic. These changes have increased lower-tropospheric temperature, humidity and downwelling longwave radiation in the western Arctic, accelerating sea-ice decline. Our results indicate that the PNA pattern is important for projections of Arctic climate changes, and that greenhouse warming and the resultant persistent positive PNA trend is likely to increase Arctic sea-ice loss., The fastest sea-ice decline has been observed in the western Arctic, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, the authors show that the Pacific North American pattern plays an important role in western Arctic sea-ice variability.
Published: 2021

21. Comparison of Absorbed and Intercepted Fractions of PAR for Individual Trees Based on Radiative Transfer Model Simulations

Author: Genevieve Ow, Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof, Shanshan Wei, Wenjuan Li, Andrew J. Whittle, Tiangang Yin, Wojciech Wojnowski, Xian-Xiang Li, University of Gdańsk (UG), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Maryland [Baltimore], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), National University of Singapore (NUS), and Singapore Botanic Gardens
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, discrete anisotropic radiative transfer model (DART), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, urban background, Science, Irradiance, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, urban individual tree, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Radiative transfer, Zenith, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, illumination, Crown (botany), Primary production, 15. Life on land, Photosynthetically active radiation, fAPAR, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, fIPAR, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) is a key parameter for estimating the gross primary production (GPP) of trees. For continuous, dense forest canopies, fAPAR, is often equated with the intercepted fraction, fIPAR. This assumption is not valid for individual trees in urban environments or parkland settings where the canopy is sparse and there are well-defined tree crown boundaries. Here, the distinction between fAPAR and fIPAR can be strongly influenced by the background and large illumination variations due to multi-scattering and shadows of buildings. This study investigates the radiative budget of PAR bands using a coupled leaf-canopy radiative transfer model (PROSPECT-DART), considering a suite of tropical tree species over a wide range of assumed leaf chlorophyll contents. The analyses simulate hyperspectral images (5 nm bandwidth) of individual tree crowns for the selected background (concrete vs. grass) and illumination conditions. We then use an artificial neural network-based method to partition sunlit vs. shaded leaves within each crown, as the latter have lower fAPAR and fIPAR values. Our results show fAPAR of sunlit leaves decreases with the ratio of diffuse to direct scene irradiance (SKYL), while SKYL has minimal influence for shaded leaves. Both fAPAR and fIPAR decrease at more oblique solar zenith angles (SZA). Higher values of fAPAR and fIPAR occur with concrete backgrounds and the influence of the background is larger at higher diffuse ratio and solar zenith angles. The results show that fIPAR is typically 6–9% higher than fAPAR, and up to 14% higher for sunlit leaves with a concrete background at SKYL = 0. The differences between the fIPAR and fAPAR also depend on the health condition of the leaves, such as chlorophyll content. This study can improve the understanding of urban individual trees fAPAR/fIPAR and facilitate the development of protocols for fAPAR field measurements.
Published: 2021

22. Element Case Studies: Rare Earth Elements

Author: Chang Liu, Ming Yuan, Wen-Shen Liu, Mei-Na Guo, Hong-Xiang Zheng, Hermine Huot, Bastien Jally, Ye-Tao Tang, Baptiste Laubie, Marie-Odile Simonnot, Jean Louis Morel, Rong-Liang Qiu, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. van der Ent, A.J.M. Baker, G. Echevarria, M.O. Simonnot, and J.L. Morel
Subjects: 13. Climate action, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The growing demand for strategic resources such as rare earth elements (REEs) for development of modern technologies has spurred an increase in mining activities and consequently a release of REEs into the environment, posing a potential threat to human health. Phytoextraction or phytomining, regarded as an in situ and low-cost means to use the growth and harvest of hyperaccumulator plants that take up high concentrations of metals in their shoots, allowing metal removal from contaminated soil (phytoextraction) or commercial production of high value metals (phytomining). In this chapter, we review the discovery of REE hyperaccumulators worldwide, focusing on the fern species Dicranopteris linearis (synonym D. dichotoma) that preferentially takes up light REEs and Phytolacca americana that preferentially incorporates heavy REEs. Although less well understood, mechanisms of REE uptake, translocation, and distribution in hyperaccumulator plants are discussed. Finally, we analyze the challenge of improving REE yield by phytomining, and taking D. linearis and P. americana as examples, estimate the phytomining potential for REEs using these species based on their biomass production, REE concentrations in the ash and current market prices for REEs.; La demande croissante de ressources stratégiques telles que les éléments de terres rares (ETR) pour le développement de technologies modernes a entraîné une augmentation des activités minières et, par conséquent, un rejet d'ETR dans l'environnement, ce qui constitue une menace potentielle pour la santé humaine. La phytoextraction ou phytomining, considérée comme un moyen in situ et peu coûteux d'utiliser la croissance et la récolte de plantes hyperaccumulatrices qui absorbent de fortes concentrations de métaux dans leurs pousses, permet d'éliminer les métaux des sols contaminés (phytoextraction) ou de produire commercialement des métaux de grande valeur (phytomining). Dans ce chapitre, nous passons en revue la découverte des hyperaccumulateurs d'ETR dans le monde, en nous concentrant sur les espèces de fougères Dicranopteris linearis (synonyme D. dichotoma) qui absorbe préférentiellement les ETR légers et Phytolacca americana qui incorpore préférentiellement les ETR lourds. Bien que moins bien compris, les mécanismes d'absorption, de translocation et de distribution des ETR dans les plantes hyperaccumulatrices sont discutés. Enfin, nous analysons le défi d'améliorer le rendement des ETR par phytomining, et en prenant D. linearis et P. americana comme exemples, nous estimons le potentiel de phytomining pour les ETR en utilisant ces espèces sur la base de leur production de biomasse, des concentrations en ETR dans les cendres et des prix actuels du marché pour les ETR.
Published: 2021

23. Boron nitride nanosheets can induce water channels across lipid bilayers leading to lysosomal permeabilization

Author: Alberto Bianco, Paula Weston, Matteo Andrea Lucherelli, Paolo Samorì, Huajian Gao, Matilde Eredia, Annette von dem Bussche, Wenpeng Zhu, Xuliang Qian, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, University of Strasbourg, France, Brown University, USA, Sun Yat-sen University, China, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique (I2CT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brown University, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), and univOAK, Archive ouverte
Subjects: Lipid Bilayers, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Molecular Dynamics, 01 natural sciences, Cathepsin B, Nanomaterials, Cell membrane, Molecular dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biomembranes, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], General Materials Science, Lipid bilayer, nanomaterials, lungs, Biological sciences::Biophysics [Science], White Graphene, biomembranes, Cell Uptake, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Exfoliation joint, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mechanics of Materials, Boron nitride, Chimie/Chimie thérapeutique, White graphene, 0210 nano-technology, Boron Compounds, Materials science, Cell Survival, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, 010402 general chemistry, Mathematics and analysis::Simulations [Engineering], Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Nanotechnology [Engineering], Mechanical Engineering, Cell Membrane, molecular dynamics, In vitro, Nanostructures, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Medicine::Biomedical engineering [Science], Biophysics, cell uptake, Lungs, Lysosomes
Abstract: While the interaction between 2D materials and cells is of key importance to the development of nanomedicines and safe applications of nanotechnology, still little is known about the biological interactions of many emerging 2D materials. Here, an investigation of how hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) interacts with the cell membrane is carried out by combining molecular dynamics (MD), liquid-phase exfoliation, and in vitro imaging methods. MD simulations reveal that a sharp hBN wedge can penetrate a lipid bilayer and form a cross-membrane water channel along its exposed polar edges, while a round hBN sheet does not exhibit this behavior. It is hypothesized that such water channels can facilitate cross-membrane transport, with important consequences including lysosomal membrane permeabilization, an emerging mechanism of cellular toxicity that involves the release of cathepsin B and generation of radical oxygen species leading to cell apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, two types of hBN nanosheets, one with a rhomboidal, cornered morphology and one with a round morphology, are prepared, and human lung epithelial cells are exposed to both materials. The cornered hBN with lateral polar edges results in a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, whereas round hBN does not cause significant toxicity, thus confirming our premise. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University M.A.L. and X.Q. contributed equally to this work. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the EU Graphene Flagship project (No. 881603) and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-15-GRFL-0001-05, G-Immunomics). H.G. acknowledges support from the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) under T1 Award #020565-00001. X.Q. and H.G. acknowledge support from a start-up grant from the Nanyang Technological University. X.Q. acknowledges support from the Presidential Fellowship from Brown University. This work was supported in part by ANR through the LabEx project Chemistry of Complex Systems (ANR-10-LABX-0026_CSC). The authors wish to acknowledge the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC). Molecular dynamics simulations reported were performed on resources provided by the Center for Computation and Visualization at Brown University, the High Performance Computing Centre at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, and the National Supercomputing Centre, Singapore (http://www.nscc.sg). The authors are indebted to Shi Guo and Fanny Richard for their help in sample preparation and XRD analyses, to Cathy Royer from the Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro de l'ITI Neurostra for SEM analyses, and to Islah El Masoudi for the ICP-MS measurements.
Published: 2021

24. A simplified analysis of the Chernobyl accident

Author: Jiajie Liang, Di Yang, Bertrand Mercier, Ziyue Zhuang, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Shock wave, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Flash evaporation, Mechanics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Rod, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Core (optical fiber), Xenon, chemistry, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Void (composites), RBMK, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We show with simplified numerical models, that for the kind of RBMK operated in Chernobyl: The core was unstable due to its large size and to its weak power counter-reaction coefficient, so that the power of the reactor was not easy to control even with an automatic system. Xenon oscillations could easily be activated. When there was xenon poisoning in the upper half of the core, the safety rods were designed in such a way that, at least initially, they were increasing (and not decreasing) the core reactivity. This reactivity increase has been sufficient to lead to a very high pressure increase in a significant amount of liquid water in the fuel channels thus inducing a strong propagating shock wave leading to a failure of half the pressure tubes at their junction with the drum separators. The depressurization phase (flash evaporation) following this failure has produced, after one second, a significant decrease of the water density in half the pressure tubes and then a strong reactivity accident due to the positive void effect reactivity coefficient. We evaluate the fission energy released by the accident
Published: 2021

25. Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests

Author: Ying-Ping Wang, Bin He, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Jin Wu, Pierre Gentine, Chen Wang, Fanxi Gong, Fabienne Maignan, Hui Liu, Shilong Piao, Yongxian Su, Qing Ye, Liu Liyang, Xuli Tang, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Xiuzhi Chen, Jiali Shang, Hui Yang, Xueqin Yang, Lei Fan, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Peking University [Beijing], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Southwest University [Chongqing], Columbia University [New York], Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Canada Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GDAAS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)
Subjects: Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, canopy height, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Climate Change, Biome, Climate change, Water supply, drought, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Trees, vegetation optical depth, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Water content, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, tropical forests, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Tropical Climate, microwave remote sensing, Ecology, canopy dynamics, business.industry, 15. Life on land, Droughts, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dryness, Environmental science, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: International audience; Our limited understanding of the impacts of drought on tropical forests significantly impedes our ability in accurately predicting the impacts of climate change on this biome. Here, we investigated the impact of drought on the dynamics of forest canopies with different heights using time-series records of remotely sensed Ku-band vegetation optical depth (Ku-VOD), a proxy of top-canopy foliar mass and water content, and separated the signal of Ku-VOD changes into drought-induced reductions and subsequent non-drought gains. Both drought-induced reductions and non-drought increases in Ku-VOD varied significantly with canopy height. Taller tropical forests experienced greater relative Ku-VOD reductions during drought and larger non-drought increases than shorter forests, but the net effect of drought was more negative in the taller forests. Meta-analysis of in situ hydraulic traits supports the hypothesis that taller tropical forests are more vulnerable to drought stress due to smaller xylem-transport safety margins. Additionally, Ku-VOD of taller forests showed larger reductions due to increased atmospheric dryness, as assessed by vapor pressure deficit, and showed larger gains in response to enhanced water supply than shorter forests. Including the height-dependent variation of hydraulic transport in ecosystem models will improve the simulated response of tropical forests to drought.
Published: 2021

26. HYPROP measurements of the unsaturated hydraulic properties of a carbonate rock sample

Author: Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Tatiana Lipovetsky, Austin Boyd, Luca Moriconi, Luwen Zhuang, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Elizabeth M. Pontedeiro, Paulo Couto, José L. D. Alves, Hydrogeology, Environmental hydrogeology, TATIANA LIPOVETSKY, UFRJ, LUWEN ZHUANG, UTRECHT UNIVERSITY/SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY, WENCESLAU GERALDES TEIXEIRA, CNPS, AUSTIN BOYD, UFRJ, ELIZABETH MAY PONTEDEIRO, UFRJ/UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, LUCA MORICONI, UFRJ, JOSÉ L. D. ALVES, UFRJ, PAULO COUTO, UFRJ, MARTINUS TH. VAN GENUCHTEN, UTRECHT UNIVERSITY/UNESP., Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Utrecht University, Sun Yat-sen University, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP)
Subjects: Evaporação, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rocha carbonática, Condutividade Hidráulica, HYPROP evaporation method, Flow (psychology), 0207 environmental engineering, Evaporation, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, WP4C, 01 natural sciences, Hydraulic conductivity, Rocha, Propriedades hidráulicas insaturadas, medicine, Fluid dynamics, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Carbonate rock, 6. Clean water, Unsaturated hydraulic Properties, Water retention, Dew point, Funções hidráulicas bimodais, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Soil water, Bimodal hydraulic functions, medicine.symptom, Geology, Método de evaporação HYPROP
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:15:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 The unsaturated hydraulic properties provide important theoretical and practical information about fluid flow in soils and rocks for a range of soil, environmental and engineering applications. In this study we used the evaporation (HYPROP) and chilled-mirror dew point (WP4C) methods to estimate the water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves of an Indiana Limestone carbonate rock sample. The obtained data were analyzed in terms of unimodal and bimodal VG (van Genuchten, 1980) and PDI (Peters et al., 2015) type functions. Bimodal functions were found to produce excellent descriptions for the unsaturated hydraulic data we measured, slightly better than the standard unimodal formulations. For our particular test using an Indiana Limestone rock sample, we did not find much improvement when accounting for film and corner flow using the PDI formulation, relative to the VG model. As far as we know, this is the first time the HYPROP methodology was applied to a rock sample. LRAP Department of Civil Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University School of Civil Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Embrapa Soils Department of Physics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Center for Environmental Studies CEA São Paulo State University UNESP Center for Environmental Studies CEA São Paulo State University UNESP
Published: 2020

27. A global multinational survey of cefotaxime-resistant coliforms in urban wastewater treatment plants

Author: Yunho Lee, Manika Choudhury, Om Prakash, Donald Morrison, Hélène Guilloteau, Heidrun Mayrhofer, María Inmaculada Polo-López, Belen Esteban, Katarzyna Slipko, Leonardo Pantoja Munoz, Samira Nahim–Granados, José Manuel Guillén-Navarro, Marco Guida, Stela Krizanovic, Hemda Garelick, Pilar Caballero, Traore Ousmane, Marcos Quintela-Baluja, Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz, Helmut Bürgmann, Nikolina Udiković-Kolić, Carsten Ulrich Schwermer, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Milena Milaković, Ester Heath, Marta Piotrowska, Andrea Di Cesare, Célia M. Manaia, Ying Yang, Amy Pruden, Anne F.C. Leonard, Erica Donner, Tanel Telson, Christophe Merlin, Karin Beck, Ana Agüera, Anhony A Adegoke, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Bastian Herzog, Joana Abreu-Silva, Leonie Henn, Norbert Kreuzinger, Younggun Yoon, Stefanie Heß, Olga C. Nunes, Alice L. Petre, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Gianluca Brunetti, Roberto B. M. Marano, Stella Michael, Thor A. Stenström, Ayella Maile-Moskowitz, Popi Karaolia, Joshua T. Bunce, Giovanni Libralato, Jérôme Ory, Yogesh Nimonkar, Alfieri Pollice, Aneta Luczkiewicz, Carlo Salerno, Andrew Scott, Shichun Zou, Antoni Oliver, Barbara Drigo, Isabel Martínez-Alcalá, Virginia Riquelme, Veljo Kisand, Anna Baraniak, William H. Gaze, Edward Topp, Edouard Jurkevitch, Isabel Henriques, Telma Fernandes, Eddie Cytryn, José Luis Balcázar, Marta Tacão, Thomas Schwartz, Thomas Jäger, Gianluca Corno, Mailis Laht, Thomas U. Berendonk, Roberto Rosal, Magdalena Popowska, Pawel Krzeminski, Connor L. Brown, Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Marano, R. B. M., Fernandes, T., Manaia, C. M., Nunes, O., Morrison, D., Berendonk, T. U., Kreuzinger, N., Telson, T., Corno, G., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Merlin, C., Topp, E., Jurkevitch, E., Henn, L., Scott, A., Hess, S., Slipko, K., Laht, M., Kisand, V., Di Cesare, A., Karaolia, P., Michael, S. G., Petre, A. L., Rosal, R., Pruden, A., Riquelme, V., Aguera, A., Esteban, B., Luczkiewicz, A., Kalinowska, A., Leonard, A., Gaze, W. H., Adegoke, A. A., Stenstrom, T. A., Pollice, A., Salerno, C., Schwermer, C. U., Krzeminski, P., Guilloteau, H., Donner, E., Drigo, B., Libralato, G., Guida, M., Burgmann, H., Beck, K., Garelick, H., Tacao, M., Henriques, I., Martinez-Alcala, I., Guillen-Navarro, J. M., Popowska, M., Piotrowska, M., Quintela-Baluja, M., Bunce, J. T., Polo-Lopez, M. I., Nahim-Granados, S., Pons, M. -N., Milakovic, M., Udikovic-Kolic, N., Ory, J., Ousmane, T., Caballero, P., Oliver, A., Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Balcazar, J. L., Jager, T., Schwartz, T., Yang, Y., Zou, S., Lee, Y., Yoon, Y., Herzog, B., Mayrhofer, H., Prakash, O., Nimonkar, Y., Heath, E., Baraniak, A., Abreu-Silva, J., Choudhury, M., Munoz, L. P., Krizanovic, S., Brunetti, G., Maile-Moskowitz, A., Brown, C., Cytryn, E., The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia (CQFB), Requimte, Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Universidade do Porto, Edinburgh Napier University, Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Technology [Tartu, Estonia], University of Tartu, CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus (UCY), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EKUK), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Area de Quimica Inorganica - Centro de Investigacion en Energia Solar (CIESOL) (CIESOL), Universidad de Almería (UAL), Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Durban University of Technology, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), University of South Australia [Adelaide], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Middlesex University [London], Universidade de Aveiro, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Department of Applied Microbiology [Warsaw], Institute of Microbiology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), School of Engineering [Newcastle], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Plataforma Solar de Almeria – CIEMAT, Tabernas, Almeria, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratorio EMATSA, Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), NCMR, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), National Medicines Institute - Narodowy Instytut Leków [Warsaw] (NIL), Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Volcani Center, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marano, Robert BM, Fernandes, Telma, Manaia, Celia M, Nunes, Olga, Donner, Erica, Drigo, Barbara, Brunetti, Gianluca, and Cytryn, Eddie
Subjects: Cefotaxime, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coliforms, Antibiotic resistance, Sewage, Microorganismes -- Resistència als medicaments, Wastewater treatment, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Surveys and Questionnaires, Microorganisms -- Drug resistance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, 6. Clean water, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Europe, Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences, Health, Sewage treatment, Biotechnology, medicine.drug, Life sciences, biology, Aigua -- Reutilització, Asia, Quantification methods, Aigües residuals -- Plantes de tractament, Culture and Communities, Water Purification, Applied microbiology, Water reuse, Environmental health, ddc:570, medicine, Microbiology Research Group, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, antibiotic resistance, coliforms, ESBLs, wastewater treatment, wastewater reuse, Sewage disposal plants, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Coliform, business.industry, Australia, Fecal coliform, Antibiotic resistance, Coliforms, ESBLs, Wastewater treatment, Water reuse, ESBL, North America, Environmental science, business
Abstract: The World Health Organization Global Action Plan recommends integrated surveillance programs as crucial strategies for monitoring antibiotic resistance. Although several national surveillance programs are in place for clinical and veterinary settings, no such schemes exist for monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. In this transnational study, we developed, validated, and tested a low-cost surveillance and easy to implement approach to evaluate antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by targeting cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) coliforms as indicators. The rationale for this approach was: i) coliform quantification methods are internationally accepted as indicators of fecal contamination in recreational waters and are therefore routinely applied in analytical labs; ii) CTX-R coliforms are clinically relevant, associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and are rare in pristine environments. We analyzed 57 WWTPs in 22 countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. CTX-R coliforms were ubiquitous in raw sewage and their relative abundance varied significantly (
Published: 2020

28. Simulating Erosion‐Induced Soil and Carbon Delivery From Uplands to Rivers in a Global Land Surface Model

Author: Haicheng Zhang, Ronny Lauerwald, Wenping Yuan, Marta Camino-Serrano, Kristof Van Oost, Victoria Naipal, Bertrand Guenet, Philippe Ciais, Pierre Regnier, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: upscaling, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, River runoff, land surface model, Drainage basin, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Carbon Cycling, Biogeosciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, lateral carbon transport, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, Global Change from Geodesy, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, lcsh:Oceanography, Paleoceanography, carbon cycle, Environmental Chemistry, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, lcsh:GC1-1581, lcsh:Physical geography, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, soil erosion, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, Aquatic ecosystem, Primary production, Soil carbon, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, Physical Modeling, 6. Clean water, Earth System Modeling, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Cryosphere, lcsh:GB3-5030, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Natural Hazards, Research Article
Abstract: Global water erosion strongly affects the terrestrial carbon balance. However, this process is currently ignored by most global land surface models (LSMs) that are used to project the responses of terrestrial carbon storage to climate and land use changes. One of the main obstacles to implement erosion processes in LSMs is the high spatial resolution needed to accurately represent the effect of topography on soil erosion and sediment delivery to rivers. In this study, we present an upscaling scheme for including erosion‐induced lateral soil organic carbon (SOC) movements into the ORCHIDEE LSM. This upscaling scheme integrates information from high‐resolution (3″) topographic and soil erodibility data into a LSM forcing file at 0.5° spatial resolution. Evaluation of our model for the Rhine catchment indicates that it reproduces well the observed spatial and temporal (both seasonal and interannual) variations in river runoff and the sediment delivery from uplands to the river network. Although the average annual lateral SOC flux from uplands to the Rhine River network only amounts to 0.5% of the annual net primary production and 0.01% of the total SOC stock in the whole catchment, SOC loss caused by soil erosion over a long period (e.g., thousands of years) has the potential to cause a 12% reduction in the simulated equilibrium SOC stocks. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for including the erosion‐induced lateral carbon flux from the land to aquatic systems into LSMs and highlights the important role of erosion processes in the terrestrial carbon balance., Key Points We presented an upscaling scheme for including erosion‐induced lateral soil and carbon transfers into a global land surface modelOur model is a useful tool to estimate the impacts of climate and land cover changes on erosion‐induced soil carbon loss at large scaleModel application for the Rhine basin demonstrates that erosion‐induced soil carbon losses substantially reduce soil carbon stocks
Published: 2020

29. Low occurrence of molar use in black-tufted capuchin monkeys: Should adaptation to seed ingestion be inferred from molars in primates?

Author: Ghislain Thiery, John Chih Mun Sha, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire de paléontologie, évolution, paléoécosystèmes, paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM ), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Molar, 010506 paleontology, Captivity, Zoology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Predation, stomatognathic system, Animal model, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Anterior teeth, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Enamel paint, Paleontology, food and beverages, Seed predation, Diet, Biting, visual_art, Sapajus apella, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Paleoecology, Adaptation, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; From squirrels to peccaries, seed predators are found in several mammalian orders. To access protected kernels, they use either their incisors or canines to remove seed shells but can also use their premolars and molars to break seed shells. Both behaviors can result in dental adaptations, such as a thicker enamel or round cusps. However, a large part of the literature focuses on molars, which is based on the basic assumption that seed predators commonly chew hard food or use their molars to break hard seed shells. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of molar seed breaking in a seed predator, the black-tufted capuchin monkey Sapajus apella. We conducted 65 feeding trials on captive specimens (N = 11) at the Guangzhou Zoo using soft shell (peanut) and hard shell seeds (walnut).Molars biting represented 5.5% of the whole feeding repertoire. We did not find clear evidence of a difference in molar biting between peanuts and walnuts. This low occurrence of molar use suggests a preference for the use of anterior teeth when monkeys are ingesting challenging food. The occurrence of all ingesting behavior, including molar biting, was lower in males which was attributed to their larger size, stronger arms and jaw muscles. Molar shell breaking is therefore interpreted as a costly behavior, only performed when other behaviors cannot be used to open the shells. While captivity could have affected feeding behavior, the low occurrence observed in this study questions the choice of S. apella as a preferred model of seed shell breaker in paleoecological studies. Morphological traits which allow S. apella to break hard shells using its molars could have been co-opted along adaptations to chew abrasive foods.
Published: 2020

30. Supramolecular redox-responsive ferrocene hydrogels and microgels

Author: Haibin Gu, Xiong Liu, Fangfei Liu, Li Zhao, Didier Astruc, Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), and Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry, Nanotechnology, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Redox, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ferrocene, Covalent bond, Self-healing hydrogels, Materials Chemistry, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have lately attracted a lot of attention in the chemistry and material fields because of the “smart” change of their properties under outside stimuli including light, temperature, electric or magnetic field, pH, chemicals, shear stress, and redox reagents. Ferrocenyl (Fc) is often employed as a redox-responsive building unit due to its properties of chemical and electrochemical redox reversibility. This property involves reversible change between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, which endows hydrogels with unexpected features. Also, Fc derivatives are used as guest molecules featuring host–guest interactions with macrocyclic host molecules, mainly including cyclodextrins and pillararenes, commonly leading to the formation of supramolecular hydrogels with shape-memory, self-healing and sol–gel transition performances. This review focuses on the fabrication of various kinds of Fc-containing hydrogels and describes their gelling mechanisms, characteristic structures and properties, as well as functional applications. The review is divided into covalently cross-linked hydrogels and supramolecular cross-linked hydrogels. Furthermore, Fc-containing microgels constructed by chemically cross-linked three-dimensional polymer networks that are related to traditional hydrogels are also discussed. Fc-containing hydrogels and microgels are becoming more and more important as advanced functional materials, especially biomedical, shape-memory and self-healing materials.
Published: 2020

31. Robust Matrix Effect-Free Method for Simultaneous Determination of Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Crop and Soil Matrices

Author: Rongliang Qiu, Yun Liu, Can Zhou, Xiongfei Huang, Hang Yu, Shizhong Wang, Yuya Dai, Qingqi Lin, Jean Louis Morel, Chen Lei, School of Environmental Science and Engineering [Guangzhou] (SESE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University (SCAU)-South China Agricultural University (SCAU), and National Key R&D Program of China 2019YFC18039002018YFD0800700National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)4170309841671313Guangdong Provincial Key RD Program 2019B110207002Ministry of Education, China - 111 ProjectB18060China Postdoctoral Science Foundation2017M622868Sun Yat-sen University Universite de Lorraine
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollution, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Crops, Agricultural, Analyte, Soil test, media_common.quotation_subject, Food Contamination, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Soil Pollutants, Ultrasonics, soils, matrix effect, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, media_common, Detection limit, Fluorocarbons, Chromatography, solid-phase extraction cleanup, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Solid Phase Extraction, General Chemistry, crops, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, UPLC-MS/MS, Soil water, emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), Perfluorooctanoic acid, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Increasing use of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has caused extensive concerns around the world. Effective detection methods to trace their pollution characteristics and environmental behaviors in complex soil-crop systems are urgently needed. In this study, a reliable and matrix effect (ME)-free method was developed for simultaneous determination of 14 legacy and emerging PFASs, including perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, 6 hydrogenous PFASs, 3 chlorinated PFASs, and 3 hexafluoropropylene oxide homologues, in 6 crop (the edible parts) and 5 soil matrices using ultrasonic extraction combined with solid-phase extraction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. The varieties of extractants and cleanup cartridges, the dosage of ammonia hydroxide, and the ME were studied to obtain an optimal pretreatment procedure. The developed method had high sensitivity and accuracy with satisfactory method detection limits (2.40-83.03 pg/g dry weight) and recoveries (72-117%) of all target analytes in matrices at five concentrations, that is, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/g. In addition, the ME of this method (0.82-1.15) was negligible for all PFASs, even considering 11 different matrices. The successful application of the ME-free method to simultaneously determine the legacy and emerging PFASs in crop and soil samples has demonstrated its excellent practicability for monitoring emerging PFASs in soil-crop systems.
Published: 2020

32. GCN5 modulates salicylic acid homeostasis by regulating H3K14ac levels at the 5′ and 3′ ends of its target genes

Author: Ruggieri, Valentino, Alexiou, Konstantinos, Morata, Jordi, Argyris, Jason, Pujol, Marta, Yano, Ryoichi, Nonaka, Satoko, Ezura, Hiroshi, Cigliano, Riccardo Aiese, Sanseverino, Walter, Puigdomenech, Pere, Casacuberta, Josep, Kirienko, Anna, Porozov, Yuri, Malkov, Nikita, Akhtemova, Gulnara, Le Signor, Christine, Thompson, Richard, Saffray, Christine, Dalmais, Marion, Tikhonovich, Igor, Dolgikh, Elena, Boucheham, Anouar, Sommard, Vivien, Zehraoui, Farida, Batouche, Mohamed, Israeli, David, Tahi, Fariza, Jacob, Pierre, Avni, Adi, Ligerot, Yasmine, De Saint Germain, Alexandre, Waldie, Tanya, Kadakia, Nikita, Pillot, Jean-Paul, Prigge, Michael, Aubert, Gregoire, Leyser, Ottoline, Estelle, Mark, Debellé, Frederic, Rameau, Catherine, GOUZY, Jerome, Badouin, Hélène, Lemainque, Arnaud, Vergne, Philippe, Moja, Sandrine, Choisne, Nathalie, Pont, Caroline, Carrere, Sebastien, Caissard, Jean-Claude, Couloux, Arnaud, Cottret, Ludovic, Aury, Jean-Marc, Szécsi, Judit, Madoui, Mohammed-Amin, Yang, Shu-Hua, Piola, Florence, Larrieu, Antoine, Perez, Magali, Labadie, Karine, Perrier, Lauriane, govetto, Benjamin, LABROUSSE, Yoan, Villand, Priscilla, Bardoux, Claudia, Boltz, Véronique, Lopez-Roques, Celine, Heitzler, Pascal, Vernoux, Teva, Quesneville, Hadi, Boualem, Adnane, Liu, Chang, Le Bris, Manuel, Salse, Jerome, Baudino, Sylvie, Wincker, Patrick, François, Léa, Verdenaud, Marion, Fu, Xiaopeng, Ruleman, Darcy, Dubois, Annick, Vandenbussche, Michiel, Raymond, Olivier, Just, Jérémy, Bendahmane, Mohammed, Giner, Ana, Pascual, Laura, Bourgeois, Michael, Gyetvai, Gabor, Rios, Pablo, Picó, Belén, Troadec, Christelle, Bendahmane, Abdel, Garcia-Mas, Jordi, MARTIN-HERNANDEZ, Ana Montserrat, Kim, Soonkap, Piquerez, Sophie, Ramirez-Prado, Juan, Mastorakis, Emmanouil, Veluchamy, Alaguraj, Latrasse, David, Manza-Mianza, Deborah, Brik-Chaouche, Rim, Huang, Ying, Rodriguez-Granados, Natalia, Concia, Lorenzo, Blein, Thomas, Citerne, Sylvie, Bendahmane, Abdelhafid, Bergounioux, Catherine, Crespi, Martin, Mahfouz, Magdy, Raynaud, Cécile, Hirt, Heribert, Ntoukakis, Vardis, BENHAMED, Moussa, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), IRTA, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, University of Tsukuba, Sequentia Biotech SL, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-Nord (LIPN), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut Galilée-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIRE laboratory, Constantine, University of Constantine, GENETHON 3, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Laboratoire de chimie organique et organométallique (LCOO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Biology [La Jolla], University of California-University of California, UMR 0441 INRA / CNRS : Laboratoire de Biologie moléculaire des relations plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sexe et évolution, Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées aux Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales (LBVPAM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Département de chirurgie, CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Plant Integrative Biology [Nothingham] (CPIB), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Huazhong Agricultural University, Division of Biology [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GAFL), Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Economics and Management [Beijing] (BUAA), Beihang University, Institut de biotechnologie des plantes (IBP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Warwick [Coventry], AgroParisTech, and ANR-18-CE20-0015,EPICLIPSE,Dynamique des marques épigénétiques dans les cellules hôtes infectées et subversion de l'épigénome par le pathogène.(2018)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Transcription, Genetic, AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Histones, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Homeostasis, Plant Immunity, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Epigenetics, Promoter Regions, Genetic, QH426, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Histone Acetyltransferases, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Arabidopsis Proteins, Lysine, Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics, Acetylation, Biotic stress, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Cell biology, Chromatin, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), Histone, Acetyltransferase, Transcription Coactivator, biology.protein, 5' Untranslated Regions, Salicylic Acid, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The modification of histones by acetyl groups has a key role in the regulation of chromatin structure and transcription. The Arabidopsis thaliana histone acetyltransferase GCN5 regulates histone modifications as part of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator complex. GCN5 was previously shown to acetylate lysine 14 of histone 3 (H3K14ac) in the promoter regions of its target genes even though GCN5 binding did not systematically correlate with gene activation. Here, we explored the mechanism through which GCN5 controls transcription. First, we fine-mapped its GCN5 binding sites genome-wide and then used several global methodologies (ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq) to assess the effect of GCN5 loss-of-function on the expression and epigenetic regulation of its target genes. These analyses provided evidence that GCN5 has a dual role in the regulation of H3K14ac levels in their 5′ and 3′ ends of its target genes. While the gcn5 mutation led to a genome-wide decrease of H3K14ac in the 5′ end of the GCN5 down-regulated targets, it also led to an increase of H3K14ac in the 3′ ends of GCN5 up-regulated targets. Furthermore, genome-wide changes in H3K14ac levels in the gcn5 mutant correlated with changes in H3K9ac at both 5′ and 3′ ends, providing evidence for a molecular link between the depositions of these two histone modifications. To understand the biological relevance of these regulations, we showed that GCN5 participates in the responses to biotic stress by repressing salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-mediated immunity, highlighting the role of this protein in the regulation of the crosstalk between diverse developmental and stress-responsive physiological programs. Hence, our results demonstrate that GCN5, through the modulation of H3K14ac levels on its targets, controls the balance between biotic and abiotic stress responses and is a master regulator of plant-environmental interactions.
Published: 2020

33. Selective Proton-Mediated Transport by Electrogenic K+-Binding Macrocycles

Author: Yu-Hao Li, Shao-Ping Zheng, Mihail Barboiu, Dawei Wang, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010405 organic chemistry, Stereochemistry, Supramolecular chemistry, KcsA potassium channel, crown-ethers, General Medicine, self-assembly, 010402 general chemistry, Branching (polymer chemistry), 01 natural sciences, ion-channels, supramolecular chemistry, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mediated transport, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Self-assembly, Selectivity, Alkyl, Ion channel, bilayer membranes
Abstract: International audience; Synthetic K +-binding macrocycles have potential as therapeutic agents for diseases associated with KcsA K + channel dysfunction. We recently discovered that artificial self-assembled n-alkyl-benzoureido-15-crown-5-ether form selective ion-channels for K + cations, which are highly preferred to Na + cations. Here, we describe an impressive selective activation of the K + transport via electrogenic macrocycles, stimulated by the addition of the carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) proton carrier. The transport performances show that both the position of branching or the size of appended alkyl arms favor high transport activity and selectivity SK + /Na + up to 48.8, one of the best values reported up to now. Our study demonstrates that high K + /Na + selectivity obtained with natural KcsA K + channels is achievable using simpler artificial macrocycles displaying constitutional functions.
Published: 2020

34. Molecular Insight into Fluorocarbon Adsorption in Pore Expanded Metal–Organic Framework Analogs

Author: Yan-Zhong Fan, Radha Kishan Motkuri, Papri Bhattacharya, Jeromy J. Jenks, Guillaume Maurin, Manish Shetty, Dushyant Barpaga, Jian Zheng, B. Peter McGrail, Benjamin A. Trump, Craig M. Brown, Cheng-Yong Su, CAS Key Laboratory of Basic Plasma Physics, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Chiller, Absorption spectroscopy, Chemistry, General Chemistry, Microporous material, Calorimetry, 010402 general chemistry, Cooling capacity, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Adsorption, Chemical engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Fluorocarbon, Powder diffraction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The rapid growth in the global energy demand for space cooling requires the development of more efficient environmental chillers for which adsorption-based cooling systems can be utilized. Here, in this contribution, we explore sorbents for chiller use via a pore-engineering concept to construct analogs of the 1-dimensional pore metal-organic framework MOF-74 by using elongated organic linkers and stereochemistry control. The prepared pore-engineered MOFs show remarkable equilibrium adsorption of the selected fluorocarbon refrigerant that is translated to a modeled adsorption-based refrigeration cycle. To probe molecular level interactions at the origin of these unique adsorption properties for this series of Ni-MOFs, we combined in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared techniques, and molecular simulations. Our results reveal the coordination of fluorine (of CH2F in R134a) to the nickel(II) open metal centers at low pressures for each Ni-MOF analog and provide insight into the pore filling mechanism for the full range of the adsorption isotherms. The newly designed Ni-TPM demonstrates exceptional R134a adsorption uptake compared to its parent microporous Ni-MOF-74 due to larger engineered pore size/volume. The application of this adsorption performance toward established chiller conditions yields a working capacity increase for Ni-TPM of about 400% from that of Ni-MOF-74, which combined with kinetics directly correlates to both a higher coefficient of performance and a higher average cooling capacity generated in a modeled chiller.
Published: 2020

35. Depth-to-bedrock map of China at a spatial resolution of 100 meters

Author: Wei Shangguan, Jing Zhang, Fapeng Yan, Bifeng Hu, Sch Atmospher Sci, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Climate Change & Nat Disas, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), College of Global Change and Earth System Scienc, Beijing Normal University, Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers, Université d'Orléans (UO), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University (BNU), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and InfoSol (InfoSol)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Library and Information Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Education, sciences du sol, Hydrology (agriculture), lcsh:Science, soil map, carte pédologique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, chine, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Computer Science Applications, Quantile regression, Random forest, soil sciences, Earth system science, Metadata, Tree (data structure), 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Q, Gradient boosting, Hydrology, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Information Systems
Abstract: Depth to bedrock influences or controls many of the Earth’s physical and chemical processes. It plays important roles in soil science, geology, hydrology, land surface processes, civil engineering, and other related fields. However, information about depth to bedrock in China is very deficient, and there is no independent map of depth to bedrock in China currently. This paper describes the materials and methods to produce high-resolution (100 m) depth-to-bedrock maps of China. For different research and application needs, two sets of data are provided for users. One is the prediction by the ensemble of the random forests and gradient boosting tree models, and the other is the prediction and the uncertainty of prediction based on quantile regression forests model. In comparison with depth-to-bedrock maps of China extracted from previous global predictions, our predictions showed higher accuracy and more spatial details. These data sets can provide more accurate information for Earth system research compared with previous depth-to-bedrock maps., Measurement(s)depthTechnology Type(s)computational modeling techniqueFactor Type(s)biomass yield • slope • wetness • rock type • soil type • geographic locationSample Characteristic - EnvironmentlandSample Characteristic - LocationChina Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11358929
Published: 2020

36. Modeling the impacts of diffuse light fraction on photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE (v5453) land surface model

Author: Y. Zhang, A. Bastos, F. Maignan, D. Goll, O. Boucher, L. Li, A. Cescatti, N. Vuichard, X. Chen, C. Ammann, M. A. Arain, T. A. Black, B. Chojnicki, T. Kato, I. Mammarella, L. Montagnani, O. Roupsard, M. J. Sanz, L. Siebicke, M. Urbaniak, F. P. Vaccari, G. Wohlfahrt, W. Woodgate, P. Ciais, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Augsburg [Augsburg], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of British Columbia (UBC), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], University of Helsinki, Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Fundación Ikerbasque [Bilbao], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Queensland [Brisbane], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), European Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream, 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project., ANR-15-CE01-0011,CHINA-TREND-STREAM,Tendances des deux grands fleuves Chinois, effets de l'usage des sols et du changement climatique(2015), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] (IBE | CNR), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Lumière du jour, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol, Cloud cover, Flux, cloud cover, Atmospheric model, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, ddc:550, Aérosol, cloud, Photosynthèse, Dispersion de la lumière, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, lcsh:QE1-996.5, General Medicine, air quality, air temperature, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Sciences du sol, Carbone organique du sol, light effect, Eddy covariance, atmospheric modeling, Photosynthesis, 114 Physical sciences, environmental impact, Carbon cycle, Couvert, carbon cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, photosynthesis, land surface, Primary production, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, Modélisation, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Cycle du carbone, numerical model, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Aerosol- and cloud-induced changes in diffuselight have important impacts on the global land carbon cy-cle, as they alter light distribution and photosynthesis in veg-etation canopies. However, this effect remains poorly rep-resented or evaluated in current land surface models. Here,we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy lighttransmission module to the ORCHIDEE (Organising Car-bon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surfacemodel (trunk version, v5453) and use the revised model, OR-CHIDEE_DF, to estimate the fraction of diffuse light andits effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a multilayercanopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using fluxobservations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe.Our results show that, compared with the original model,ORCHIDEE_DF improves the GPP simulation under sunnyconditions and captures the observed higher photosynthe-sis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types(PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP undercloudy conditions compared with sunny conditions is mainlydriven by increased diffuse light in the morning and in theafternoon as well as by a decreased vapor pressure deficit(VPD) and decreased air temperature at midday. The obser-vations show that the strongest positive effects of diffuse lighton photosynthesis are found in the range from 5 to 20◦C andat a VPD < 1 kPa. This effect is found to decrease when theVPD becomes too large or the temperature falls outside of theabovementioned range, which is likely due to the increasingstomatal resistance to leaf CO2uptake. ORCHIDEE_DF un-derestimates the diffuse light effect at low temperature in allPFTs and overestimates this effect at high temperature and ata high VPD in grasslands and croplands. The new model hasthe potential to better investigate the impact of large-scaleaerosol changes and long-term changes in cloudiness on theterrestrial carbon budget, both in the historical period and inthe context of future air quality policies and/or climate engi-neering This research has been supported by the Eu- ropean Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream and the new 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the “Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes” (KUSCO2) project.
Published: 2020

37. The 22 December 2018 tsunami from flank collapse of Anak Krakatau volcano during eruption

Author: Hiroo Kanamori, Luis Rivera, Kenji Satake, Dimas Sianipar, Lingling Ye, Yu Zhou, Thorne Lay, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Earthquake Research Institute [Tokyo], and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: Flank, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Magnitude (mathematics), SciAdv r-articles, Landslide, Time duration, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic wave, Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Ground shaking, Geology, Seismology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Research Article
Abstract: Rapid quantification of the Anak Krakatau landslide by regional seismic data could have aided in warning of the resulting tsunami., On 22 December 2018, a devastating tsunami struck Sunda Strait, Indonesia without warning, leaving 437 dead and thousands injured along the western Java and southern Sumatra coastlines. Synthetic aperture radar and broadband seismic observations demonstrate that a small
Published: 2020

38. Novel Representation of Leaf Phenology Improves Simulation of Amazonian Evergreen Forest Photosynthesis in a Land Surface Model

Author: Philippe Ciais, Xiuzhi Chen, Daniel S. Goll, Michael O'Sullivan, Adriana Castro da Conceição, Nicolas Viovy, Wenping Yuan, Fabienne Maignan, Liyang Liu, Chao Yue, Ana Bastos, Shushi Peng, Jin Wu, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Biomass Allocation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Plants (botany), lcsh:GC1-1581, Photosynthesis, litterfall, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Phenology, Leaf Area Index, tropical forest phenology, Gross Primary Production, Forestry, Net Primary Production, Carbon Flux, Evergreen forest, Latent Heat, Solar Radiation, Evergreen Forest, Eddy Covariance, Eddy covariance, Litterfalls, Litterfall, lcsh:Oceanography, Amazonia, Surface Measurement, Tropical Forest, Light Use Efficiency, Environmental Chemistry, Leaf area index, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Physical geography, Amazon, Carbon Allocation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, carbon and water fluxes, Humid Tropics, gross primary production (GPP), Tropics, Land Surface, Seasonality, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, Photosynthetic capacity, Carbon, Leaf Area, Water Flux, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, carbon allocation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:GB3-5030, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Leaf phenology in the humid tropics largely regulates the seasonality of forest carbon and water exchange. However, it is inadequately represented in most global land surface models due to limited understanding of its controls. Based on intensive field studies at four Amazonian evergreen forests, we propose a novel, quantitative representation of tropical forest leaf phenology, which links multiple environmental variables with the seasonality of new leaf production and old leaf litterfall. The new phenology simulates higher rates of leaf turnover (new leaves replacing old leaves) in dry seasons with more sunlight, which is then implemented in ORCHIDEE, together with recent findings of ontogeny-associated photosynthetic capacity, and is evaluated against ground-based measurements of leaf phenology (canopy leaf area index and litterfall), eddy covariance fluxes (photosynthesis and latent heat), and carbon allocations from field observations. Results show the periodical cycles of solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit are the two most important environmental variables that are empirically related to new leaf production and old leaf abscission in tropical evergreen forests. The model with new representation of leaf phenology captures the seasonality of canopy photosynthesis at three out of four sites, as well as the seasonality of litterfall, latent heat, and light use efficiency of photosynthesis at all tested sites, and improves the seasonality of carbon allocations to leaves, roots, and sapwoods. This study advances understanding of the environmental controls on tropical leaf phenology and offers an improved modeling tool for gridded simulations of interannual CO2 and water fluxes in the tropics.
Published: 2020

39. Spatially Resolved Localization of Lanthanum and Cerium in the Rare Earth Element Hyperaccumulator Fern Dicranopteris linearis from China

Author: Jean Louis Morel, Antony van der Ent, Kathryn Spiers, Rongliang Qiu, Peter D. Erskine, Guillaume Echevarria, Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier, Wen-Shen Liu, Ye-Tao Tang, School of Environmental Science and Engineering [Guangzhou] (SESE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY)
Subjects: biology, Epidermis (botany), Chemistry, Rare-earth element, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, biology.organism_classification, Vascular bundle, 01 natural sciences, Pericycle, Dicranopteris linearis, Botany, ddc:333.7, Environmental Chemistry, Life Science, Hyperaccumulator, Fern, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Gleicheniaceae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The fern Dicranopteris linearis (Gleicheniaceae) from China is a hyperaccumulator of rare earth element (REE), but little is known about the ecophysiology of REE in this species. This study aimed to clarify tissue-level and organ-level distribution of REEs via synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results show that REEs (La + Ce) are mainly colocalized with Mn in the pinnae and pinnules, with the highest concentrations in necrotic lesions and lower concentrations in veins. In the cross sections of the pinnules, midveins, rachis, and stolons, La + Ce and Mn are enriched in the epidermis, vascular bundles, and pericycle (midvein). In these tissues, Mn is localized mainly in the cortex and mesophyll. We hypothesize that the movement of REEs in the transpiration flow in the veins is initially restricted in the veins by the pericycle between vascular bundle and cortex, while excess REEs are transported by evaporation and cocompartmentalized with Mn in the necrotic lesions and epidermis in an immobile form, possibly a Si-coprecipitate. The results presented here provide insights on how D. linearis regulates high concentrations of REEs in vivo, and this knowledge is useful for developing phytotechnological applications (such as REE agromining) using this fern in REE-contaminated sites in China.
Published: 2020

40. Modeling and control of xenon oscillations in thermal neutron reactors

Author: Chen Liyi, Shao Nuoya, Zeng Ziliang, Bertrand Mercier, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, PID controller, chemistry.chemical_element, Mechanics, Derivative, Nuclear reactor, lcsh:TK9001-9401, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Instability, Neutron temperature, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Xenon, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, 010306 general physics, Doppler effect
Abstract: We study axial core oscillations due to xenon poisoning in thermal neutron nuclear reactors with simple 1D models: a linear one-group model, a linear two-group model, and a non-linear model taking the Doppler effect into account. Even though nuclear reactor operators have some 3D computer codes to simulate such phenomena, we think that simple models are useful to identify the sensitive parameters, and study the efficiency of basic control laws. Our results are that, for the one-group model, if we denote the migration area by M 2 and by H the height of the core, the sensitive parameter is H/M. H being fixed, for the 2 groups model, there are still 2 sensitive parameters, the first one being replaced by M12+M22 where M12 denotes the migration area for fast neutrons and M22 the migration area for thermal neutrons. We show that the Doppler effect reduces the instability of xenon oscillations in a significant way. Finally, we show that some proportional/integral/derivative (PID) feedback control law can damp out xenon oscillations in a similar way to the well-known Shimazu control law [Y. Shimazu, Continuous guidance procedure for xenon oscillation control, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 32, 1159 (1995)]. The numerical models described in our paper have been applied to PWR.
Published: 2020

41. Retrospect driving forces and forecasting reduction potentials of energy-related industrial carbon emissions from China's manufacturing at city level

Author: Ningsheng Huang, Raffaele Lafortezza, Hongou Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Chaoqun Zhang, Changjian Wang, Yongxian Su, Yang Wang, Yilong Wang, Jianping Wu, Bo Zheng, Xiuzhi Chen, Yuyao Ye, Qian Li, Guangqing Huang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, carbon emission driver, Heavy industry, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 12. Responsible consumption, city level, 11. Sustainability, Production (economics), Coal, China, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Light industry, scenario design, Energy mix, Environmental economics, carbon emission mitigation, manufacturing, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, mitigation strategy, business, Efficient energy use
Abstract: Lack of either spatial or temporal coverage in city-level carbon emissions analysis might curb our understanding of historical drivers and make future forecasting uncertain. To fill these gaps, we analyzed time-series energy-related industrial carbon emissions (EICEs) from manufacturing in over 99 cities nationwide in China during the period 2000–2015. We estimated these cities’ EICEs reduction potential up until 2030 by improving scenario design, which imposed constraints separately on different city groups based on historical drivers. Results indicated distinct changes of EICEs around 2013 for the heavy manufacturing [HM], light manufacturing [LM] and high-tech development [HD] city groups and of emissions intensity for the energy production [EP] city group. The slowing economic growth would partly explain these transformations since 2013. Energy efficiency and industrial structure contributed most to these switches for the EP and HD city groups, respectively, while energy mix and energy efficiency were also major contributors for the HM and LM city groups. Given economic growth at a normal speed, EICEs will increase by 59%, 78%, 90% and 95% for the EP, HM, LM and HD city groups, respectively, from 2015–2030. Our scenarios show that energy efficiency improvement and industrial structure optimization will spur the EICEs to peak before 2030 and limit future EICEs increase by 6.4% and 33.4% in 2030 for the EP and HD city groups, respectively. This implies that energy efficiency improvement and industrial structure optimization are key emissions mitigation factors for the EP and HD cities. Equally important, our study found more unclean fuel structure with higher coal share in the HM and LM city groups than in the other groups. It is therefore imperative to improve their energy efficiency and optimize energy and industrial structures in the HM and LM cities. Results highlight the need to impose different constraints in scenario design and provide mitigation strategies at city level.
Published: 2020

42. A Voltage‐Responsive Synthetic Cl- -Channel Regulated by pH

Author: Mihail Barboiu, Ji-Jun Jiang, Arie van der Lee, Shao-Ping Zheng, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Chemistry, Antiporter, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Cell membrane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Amphiphile, medicine, Biophysics, Self-assembly, Lipid bilayer, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Ion channel
Abstract: International audience; Transmembrane protein channels are an important inspiration for the design of artificial ion channels. Their dipolar structure helps overcome the high energy barrier to selectively translocate water and ions sharing one pathway, across the cell membrane. Herein, we report that the amino‐imidazole (Imu) amphiphiles self‐assemble via multiple H‐bonding to form stable artificial Cl−‐channels within lipid bilayers. The alignment of water/Cl− wires influences the conduction of ions, envisioned to diffuse along the hydrophilic pathways; at acidic pH, Cl−/H+ symport conducts along a partly protonated channel, while at basic pH, higher Cl−/OH− antiport translocate through a neutral channel configuration, which can be greatly activated by applying strong electric field. This voltage/pH regulated channel system represents an unexplored alternative for ion‐pumping along artificial ion‐channels, parallel to that of biology.
Published: 2020

43. Dayside nitrogen and carbon escape on Titan: the role of exothermic chemistry

Author: F. He, Jun Cui, D.-D. Niu, Panayotis Lavvas, Yong Wei, H. Gu, XiaoShu Wu, J. H. Guo, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Space Science Institute [Macau] (SSI), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)
Subjects: Exothermic reaction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric escape, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Chemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, symbols.namesake, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Chemical physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Terrestrial planet, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Test particle, Ionosphere, Titan (rocket family), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Dissociative recombination, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Context. Atmospheric escape has an appreciable impact on the long-term climate evolution on terrestrial planets. Exothermic chemistry serves as an important mechanism driving atmospheric escape and the role of such a mechanism is of great interest for Titan due to its extremely complicated atmospheric and ionospheric composition. Aims. This study is devoted to a detailed investigation of neutral N and C escape on the dayside of Titan, which is driven by exothermic neutral–neutral, ion–neutral, and dissociative recombination (DR) reactions. It was carried out based on the extensive measurements of Titan’s upper atmospheric structure by a number of instruments on board Cassini, along with an improved understanding of the chemical network involved. Methods. A total number of 14 C- and N-containing species are investigated based on 146 exothermic chemical reactions that release hot neutrals with nascent energies above their respective local escape energies. For each species and each chemical channel, the hot neutral production rate profile is calculated, which provides an estimate of the corresponding escape rate when combined with the appropriate escape probability profile obtained from a test particle Monte Carlo model. Results. Our calculations suggest a total N escape rate of 9.0 × 1023 s−1 and a total C escape rate of 4.2 × 1023 s−1, driven by exothermic chemistry and appropriate for the dayside of Titan. The former is primarily contributed by neutral-neutral reactions, whereas the latter is dominated by ion–neutral reactions; however, contributions from neutral–neutral and DR reactions to the latter cannot be ignored either. Our calculations further reveal that the bulk of N escape is driven by hot N(4S) production from the collisional quenching of N(2D) by ambient N2, while C escape is mainly driven by hot CH3 and CH4 production via a number of important ion–neutral and neutral–neutral reactions. Conclusions. Considered in the context of prior investigations of other known escape mechanisms, we suggest that exothermic chemistry is likely to contribute appreciably to non-thermal C escape on the dayside of Titan, although it plays an insignificant role in N escape.
Published: 2020

44. Polarity governs atomic interaction through two-dimensional materials

Author: Yuewei Zhang, Doyoon Lee, Kevin M. Daniels, Yang Shao-Horn, Tom Osadchy, D. Kurt Gaskill, Richard J. Molnar, Sang-Hoon Bae, Suresh Sundram, Kyusang Lee, Rachael L. Myers-Ward, Jeffrey C. Grossman, Yang Yu, Jeehwan Kim, Huashan Li, Kuan Qiao, Abdallah Ougazzaden, Yifan Nie, Yunjo Kim, Siddharth Rajan, Kyeongjae Cho, Wei Kong, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Georgia Tech - CNRS [Metz] (UMI2958), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-SUPELEC-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Georgia Institute of Technology [Lorraine, France]-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre for Crop System Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), NASA Headquarters, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CAMBRIDGE USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)
Subjects: Materials science, Polarity (physics), 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Monolayer, General Materials Science, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Thin film, Polarization (electrochemistry), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Graphene, Mechanical Engineering, Intermolecular force, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The transparency of two-dimensional (2D) materials to intermolecular interactions of crystalline materials has been an unresolved topic. Here we report that remote atomic interaction through 2D materials is governed by the binding nature, that is, the polarity of atomic bonds, both in the underlying substrates and in 2D material interlayers. Although the potential field from covalent-bonded materials is screened by a monolayer of graphene, that from ionic-bonded materials is strong enough to penetrate through a few layers of graphene. Such field penetration is substantially attenuated by 2D hexagonal boron nitride, which itself has polarization in its atomic bonds. Based on the control of transparency, modulated by the nature of materials as well as interlayer thickness, various types of single-crystalline materials across the periodic table can be epitaxially grown on 2D material-coated substrates. The epitaxial films can subsequently be released as free-standing membranes, which provides unique opportunities for the heterointegration of arbitrary single-crystalline thin films in functional applications.
Published: 2018

45. Phenothiazine-based theranostic compounds for in vivo near-infared fluorescence imaging of β-amyloid plaques and inhibition of Aβ aggregation

Author: Yan Xiong Fang, Chang-Zhi Dong, Yongliang Li, Jing Cai, Wanzheng Zhang, Longjia Yan, Zhiyun Du, Bernard Meunier, Huixiong Chen, Li Li, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), China Science Foundation (grant no.21672043), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging, Chemistry, Inhibitors, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Chemical Engineering, Transgene, Near-infrared fluorescence imaging, 02 engineering and technology, Neuropathology, Alzheimer's disease, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Theranostic agents, In vivo, Biophysics, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Senile plaques, Cognitive decline, 0210 nano-technology, Preclinical imaging
Abstract: International audience; A global burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been growing over last decades. Evidence indicates that β-amyloid (Aβ) production and senile plaque deposition in the brain is causative in the onset of AD pathogenesis. It appears much earlier than cognitive decline and plays a key role in initiating and developing AD neuropathology. As such, there is an intense passion with discovering theranostic agents which make a significant impact in diagnostic and therapy. Herein, we report an investigation of novel phenothiazine-based compounds as promising potential theranostic agents for AD. Remarkably, they have exhibited a high binding affinity toward Aβ aggregates, a good biostability and a strong increase in their fluorescence intensity with blue shift when interacting with Aβ aggregates. Furthermore, they have been simultaneously applied to perform NIR in vivo imaging of β-amyloid plaques in double transgenic AD mouse model, to prevent self-aggregation of Aβ monomer from forming toxic oligmers and to reduce Aβ-induced toxicity of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y).
Published: 2019

46. Brazilian montane rainforest expansion induced by Heinrich Stadial 1 event

Author: Ingrid Horák-Terra, Fausto O. Sarmiento, Gregório Ceccantini, Zhuo Zheng, Mark B. Bush, Augusto José Pereira Filho, Frédéric Boyer, Daniel Abel-Schaad, Anne-Marie Lézine, Jorge L. D. Pinaya, Paulo Eduardo de Oliveira, Maicon A. Silva, Thomas Kenji Akabane, Rachid Cheddadi, Felipe Vemado, Nicolás Misailidis Stríkis, Francesco Ficetola, Alain Hambuckers, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Francisco W. Cruz, Alexandra-Jane Henrot, Kangyou Huang, Cristiano Mazur Chiessi, Majda Nourelbait, Matthieu Carré, Pierre Taberlet, Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa, Louis François, Eric Coissac, Rudney de Almeida Santos, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, María Soledad López, Carlos Henrique Grohmann, Ali Rhoujjati, Vanda Brito de Medeiros, Polytechnic School [São Paulo], University of São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Geociências [São Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Departamento de Geoquimica (DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOQUIMICA), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Florida Institute of Technology [Melbourne], Unité de Modélisation du Climat et des Cycles Biogéochimiques (UMCCB), Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), School of Earth Science and Geological Engineering [Guangzhou], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Université Chouaib Doukkali (UCD), Laboratoire Géoressources, Morocco, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Institute of Biosciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (IAG), School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Institute of Energy and Environment, Fluminense Federal University [Niterói], Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri = Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Vallays (UFJMV), Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition Federal University of ABC, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Unité de biologie du comportement, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Géo-ressources, Unité associée au CNRST (URAC 42) (LGR), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), University of Georgia [USA], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Podocarpus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Weinmannia, lcsh:Medicine, Rainforest, Subtropics, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Article, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Stadial, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Multidisciplinary, biology, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Climate-change ecology, lcsh:R, MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA, Palaeoecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Biogeography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Araucaria
Abstract: The origin of modern disjunct plant distributions in the Brazilian Highlands with strong floristic affinities to distant montane rainforests of isolated mountaintops in the northeast and northern Amazonia and the Guyana Shield remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that these unexplained biogeographical patterns reflect former ecosystem rearrangements sustained by widespread plant migrations possibly due to climatic patterns that are very dissimilar from present-day conditions. To address this issue, we mapped the presence of the montane arboreal taxa Araucaria, Podocarpus, Drimys, Hedyosmum, Ilex, Myrsine, Symplocos, and Weinmannia, and cool-adapted plants in the families Myrtaceae, Ericaceae, and Arecaceae (palms) in 29 palynological records during Heinrich Stadial 1 Event, encompassing a latitudinal range of 30°S to 0°S. In addition, Principal Component Analysis and Species Distribution Modelling were used to represent past and modern habitat suitability for Podocarpus and Araucaria. The data reveals two long-distance patterns of plant migration connecting south/southeast to northeastern Brazil and Amazonia with a third short route extending from one of them. Their paleofloristic compositions suggest a climatic scenario of abundant rainfall and relative lower continental surface temperatures, possibly intensified by the effects of polar air incursions forming cold fronts into the Brazilian Highlands. Although these taxa are sensitive to changes in temperature, the combined pollen and speleothems proxy data indicate that this montane rainforest expansion during Heinrich Stadial 1 Event was triggered mainly by a less seasonal rainfall regime from the subtropics to the equatorial region., This work was funded by FAPESP research grant 2015/50683-2 to P.E. De Oliveira, VULPES Project, Belmount Forum.
Published: 2019

47. Dynamic Graded Epistemic Logic

Author: Hans van Ditmarsch, Minghui Ma, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Computational Epistemic Logic in LOrraine (CELLO), Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Logic, Generalization, Computer science, 0102 computer and information sciences, Statistics::Other Statistics, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, 01 natural sciences, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Epistemic modal logic, Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science, Calculus, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Event (probability theory), Mathematics::Commutative Algebra, Kripke models, Mathematics::Rings and Algebras, 06 humanities and the arts, Extension (predicate logic), 16. Peace & justice, Computer Science::Multiagent Systems, Philosophy, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Completeness (logic), 060302 philosophy, Dynamic epistemic logic, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract: Graded epistemic logic is a logic for reasoning about uncertainties. Graded epistemic logic is interpreted on graded models. These models are generalizations of Kripke models. We obtain completeness of some graded epistemic logics. We further develop dynamic extensions of graded epistemic logics, along the framework of dynamic epistemic logic. We give an extension with public announcements, i.e., public events, and an extension with graded event models, a generalization also including nonpublic events. We present complete axiomatizations for both logics.
Published: 2019

48. A new method for recovering rare earth elements from the hyperaccumulating fern Dicranopteris linearis from China

Author: Zeinab Chour, Marie-Odile Simonnot, Jean Louis Morel, Baptiste Laubie, Rongliang Qiu, Bastien Jally, Laurence Muhr, Ye-Tao Tang, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ICEEL, and Labex Ressources 21
Subjects: 02 engineering and technology, Dicranopteris, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 020501 mining & metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Recovery, Nitric acid, Hydrometallurgy, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Hyperaccumulator, Rare earth elements, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Agromining, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Extraction (chemistry), General Chemistry, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, biology.organism_classification, Tailings, 0205 materials engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Control and Systems Engineering, Sodium hydroxide, Dicranopteris linearis, Environmental chemistry, Phytomining, Environmental science, Fern
Abstract: International audience; Hyperaccumulator plants are new alternative sources for elements of interest e.g., nickel, rare-earth elements(REEs), as concentrations in their aerial parts are higher than in common low-grade ores. The fern Dicranopterislinearis naturally grows on former mine tailings in Southern China and is classified as a REE hyperaccumulator.The efficient recovery of REEs is fundamental to ensure economic viability and to limit the environmental impactof the process. This study presents a novel approach for the treatment of the Dicranopteris biomass after incinerationto ash to drastically improve the “bio-ore” grade and to generate heat. Ash structure and composition isdescribed, and challenges for efficient recovery of REEs are discussed. A pre-processing step, aiming at renderingthe REEs available for extraction, was designed to dissolve aluminum (Al) using concentrated sodium hydroxide(6 M) at an average temperature (80 ◦C). The operating parameters were investigated through experimentmethodology design and parametric studies to build an empirical model. Additional experiments revealed thatthe formation of insoluble aluminosilicate compounds limited the removal of aluminium. Rinsing the REE-richresidue proved to be effective to increase the REE concentration and was carefully designed. Subsequently,the REEs were extracted under mildly acidic conditions using nitric acid (25 ◦C, pH 4.8), producing a valuablesolution devoid of aluminium and containing 74% of the REEs.
Published: 2021

49. Mesozoic-Cenozoic cooling history of the Eastern Qinghai Nan Shan (NW China): Apatite low-temperature thermochronology constraints

Author: Feng Cheng, Jing Liu-Zeng, Yuntao Tian, Chang' an Li, Marc Jolivet, Xu Lin, China Three Gorges University, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Tianjin University (TJU), University of Rochester [USA], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41671011, 41702178, 41972212), Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 2019JJ40198), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, U-Th/He, Yellow River, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Fission track dating, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Tibetan Plateau, Fission track, Mesozoic, Longyang Gorge, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Canyon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, 15. Life on land, Cretaceous, Thermochronology, Closure temperature, Cenozoic, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the formation of the Qilian Shan in the NE Tibetan Plateau provides insights into the growth mechanisms of the northern portion of the plateau through time. The onset time of exhumation in the Qilian Shan is still debated. The Qinghai Nan Shan subrange, located in the southeastern Qilian Shan, is cut by the Yellow River that forms Longyang Gorge, providing a good vertical profile for thermochronological investigation of exhumation. In this paper, we reconstruct the cooling and exhumation history of the Eastern Qinghai Nan Shan using apatite fission-track(AFT) and apatite (Usingle bondTh)/He(AHe) thermochronological dating on basement rocks. The fission-track data display a marked age-elevation trend from Early Cretaceous (114–122 Ma) ages at the bottom of the canyon to Early-Middle Jurassic ages (165–180 Ma) at the top. Mean (Usingle bondTh)/He ages are mainly Early Cretaceous (97–128 Ma) with one Eocene outlier (42 Ma). Combined with fission track lengths, Dpar values and thermal modeling results, these data indicate that the study area resided above the closure temperature of AFT and AHe until Early Cretaceous. Rapid cooling occurred during the Early Cretaceous and early Cenozoic likely driven by the Lhasa and Indian blocks collision with the southern margin of the Asian continent. Nonetheless, since then exhumation was limited to less than a few kilometers in the study area. Combined with regional geological studies, the thermochronological analysis demonstrates that, since the Mesozoic, intense exhumation occurred simultaneously along the northern and southern margins of the Qilian Shan. Hence, we suggest that the geomorphic framework of the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau was established during the Early Cretaceous-early Cenozoic.
Published: 2021

50. Unusual adsorption behaviours and responsive structural dynamics via selective gate effects of an hourglass porous metal–organic framework

Author: Ji-Jun Jiang, Mihail Barboiu, Dawei Wang, Cheng-Xia Chen, Cheng-Yong Su, Zhang-Wen Wei, Ying Xiong, Yan-Zhong Fan, Sha Chen, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Ligand, General Chemical Engineering, Diffusion, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Adsorption, Chemical physics, law, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Hourglass, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, Single crystal
Abstract: International audience; An hourglass porous metal-organic framework, LIFM-12, constructed on a T-shaped flexible ligand with Cu 2+ paddle-wheel clusters, shows temperature and gas adsorption responsive structural dynamics upon reversible molecular guest binding. Temperature-dependent single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction experiments show that the open gate status of the framework with adaptive behaviours facilitates kinetic diffusion of gas molecules resulting in the sequential filling of pores of different sizes, thus creating a breathing behaviour reminiscent of the observation of several steps in adsorption isotherms. In addition, adsorption studies revealed that LIFM-12 performs exceptional adsorption selectivity of 10-25 for CO 2 versus light gases N 2 , CH 4 , and CO and up to 200 for C 3 H 6 versus CH 4 .
Published: 2019

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