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We report the simultaneous existence of acoustic and optical asymmetric transmission by combining a periodic array of silicon rods in air with a periodic grating (grating-phoxonic crystals). Theoretically and numerically, we demonstrate that the grating-phoxonic crystals with a square lattice of silicon rods can exhibit simultaneous asymmetric propagation in the same reduced frequency range both for sound and light. The sound and light can transmit through the composite structure when incident from the grating interface but are completely reflected for the reverse direction incidence. Furthermore, when the silicon rods are tuned into a triangular lattice, reversed asymmetric transmissions are also achieved. Sound and light are blocked when incident from the grating interface while being fully able to pass through the composite structure for the reverse direction incidence. These two tunable dual acoustic and optical asymmetric transmissions show great potential for acoustic-optic devices by simultaneously manipulating sound and light.