Search

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T22:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Spatial and temporal beta diversity of seedlings in tropical wetland remain poorly understood. We assessed the ecological pattern of taxonomic beta diversity of seedling assemblages along a topographic gradient, seasonally flooded disturbance, and sampling years in a tropical wetland. We tested that seasonally flooded disturbance on seedling assemblage promotes a high taxonomic beta diversity due to a high taxonomic turnover along the topographical gradient. Here we examined a large database from 200 plots (each having 0.5 × 0.5 m), across eight seasonally flooded grasslands in the Pantanal of central-west Brazil. We selected data on ponds for four years at two characteristic hydrological phases per year: post-flood (July and August), and post-dry season (October and November). We classified the topographical gradient into three levels 1) low—longer duration of flood; 2) mid—intermediate level; and 3) high—short duration of flood (dry soil). For both post-flood and post-dry seasons, we counted the number of seedlings within five plots at each topographic level. Additionally, taxonomic beta diversity was examined via novel abundance-based metrics (including both turnover and nestedness patterns). Overall, taxonomic beta diversity was consistently higher in high topographic level and post-dry season plots. We observed differences in beta diversity components between topographical levels, seasons and years. Topographical gradient and seasonally flooded promotes more variation in taxonomic turnover and beta diversity; due to these environmental filters we presume that the resulting beta diversity can be decisive in the species diversity in this tropical wetland. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad Universidade Federal de Viçosa Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Plantas Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Instituto de Ciências Naturais Humanas e Sociais Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul Morphological characteristics are still the most used tools for the identification of plant species. In this context, leaves are the most available plant organ used, given their perenniality and diversity. Computer-based image analysis help extract morphological features for botanical identification and maybe a solution to taxonomic problems requiring extensively trained specialists that use visual identification as the primary method for this approach. In this study, were collected 40 leaves from 30 trees and shrub species from 19 different families. Here, we compared two popular image capture devices: a scanner and a mobile phone. Features analyzed comprised color, shape, and texture. The performance of both devices was compared through three machine learning algorithms (adaptive boosting—AdaBoost, random forest, support vector machine—SVM) and an artificial neural network model (deep learning). Computer vision showed to be efficient in the identification of species (higher than 93%), with similar results obtained for both mobile phones and scanners. The algorithms SVM, random forest and deep learning performed more efficiently than AdaBoost. Based on the results, we present the Inovtaxon Plant Species Identification Software, available at https://github.com/DeborahBambil/Inovtaxon. Department of Plant Biology Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Department of Cell Biology University of Brasília (UnB) Catholic University Dom Bosco Bioscience Institute São Paulo State University Directory of Informatics Mato Grosso do Sul State University Department of Botany UnB Embrapa Pantanal Federal University of Mato Grosso Bioscience Institute São Paulo State University

Plant-based materials are promising adsorbents for treating liquid effluents. This study describes the kinetic and equilibrium parameters that best represent the copper(II) and lead(II) removal process by Eichhornia crassipes (Aguape) dry biomass from aqueous solution, using a batch adsorption system. The plants were washed, dried, and reduced to small particles. The adsorption kinetics were assessed by varying the metal concentrations in 5, 10, and 20 mg L–1 and a control treatment (without metals) with a mixture contact time of between 5 and 720 min. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Kinetic assay revealed fast adsorption: kinetic equilibrium was attained within 2 h with a removal efficiency of ~ 60%. The results demonstrated a fast recovery cycle of metals using the biosorbent. The biomass of E. crassipes is low cost with potential for use as a biosorbent to remove metals from solutions.

The Amazon forest is vulnerable to climate change and anthropic actions, such as fire and deforestation, which together represent a troubling scenario. Many traditional populations that inhabit the region depend on non-timber forest resources for food or economic sustenance. We demonstrated that climate change predicted for 2050 may affect the geographic distribution of 18 species of palms and trees that are extracted and used as resources by traditional populations living in extractive reserves (RESEX). According to our ecological niche models, 11 species may have a reduction in their areas of environmental suitability (AES), and nine of them may disappear from some RESEXs. In addition, 21 RESEXs may lose one or more species, while four may lose all their extractive species. We warn that the lack of socio-environmental diagnoses of these reserves makes it difficult to forecast social impacts and to develop mitigation measures. Finally, we identify priority places for the implementation of conservation policies for extractive species.

Aquatic macrophytes play a key role in nutrient cycling and in the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. Many species have been evaluated in terms of their potential in phytoremediation processes in environments contaminated by metals. Considering this kind of application, we evaluated the potential for the bioaccumulation and biosorption of mercury by Salvinia biloba as a function of (i) different concentrations of mercury ions in the solution, (ii) the exposure time of live plants and dry biomass to the contaminant, and (iii) different pH’s, besides (iv) analyzing the effects of this metal on morphological and anatomical parameters. Bioaccumulation was evaluated by subjecting live plants to treatments with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μg.mL−1 of mercury in the solution and the control (0 μg.mL−1), at intervals of 3 days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days) at pH values of 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5. For biosorption, we used the dry biomass applying the same design, only changing the time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). The bioaccumulated and biosorbed mercury was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. High values of mercury were bioaccumulated and biosorbed, and accordingly, as the concentration of mercury ions increases in the solution, the higher the value accumulated by both living plant and dry biomass. The time of exposure and the different pH values presented variation when associated with different concentrations in the bioaccumulation of mercury. Finally, few symptoms of toxicity in living plants were observed, evidencing the resistance of S. biloba to mercury and its potential use as a phytoremediation in water bodies contaminated by this metal.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:29:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652018000100085.pdf: 732201 bytes, checksum: 8b993e8f77ff717514e91f3543ec4728 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The Brazilian Pantanal is an extensive wetland with heterogeneous habitats, primarily due to the riverfloodplain system and plants with differential adaptations and reproductive strategies. Factors such as altitude, distance among plant formations, and flood pulse must be considered to better understand its diversity. Aiming to assess the influence of biogeographic patterns in this system, we analyzed the floristic composition of six areas along the Paraguay River, including residual relieves, verifying the pattern of similarity, and effects of distance and altitude. We recorded 356 species in 87 families, mostly perennial (75%), and some annuals (15%) and pluriannuals (5%). Herbaceous plants were the most represented (48%), followed by arboreal (23%), shrubby (15%) and epiphytic (14%) habits, only 12% being endemic to Brazil. The studied areas showed low floristic similarity, but higher resemblance of species between neighboring areas, and no relation with altitude. The upper Paraguay River is diverse, with high spatial variability of species, predominantly perennial. The river-floodplain connectivity may be a determinant factor in species richness and occurrence of endemic species. Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA Laboratório de Botânica, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Av. Costa e Silva, 549, Cidade Universitária Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS Instituto de Biociências, Av. Costa e Silva, 549, Cidade Universitária Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Instituto de Ciências Naturais Humanas e Sociais, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Cidade Jardim Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista CAPES: 308793/2013-7

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:36:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-33062019000100078.pdf: 4091277 bytes, checksum: afbce045bcf5dd1b3de0b02b6a0feace (MD5) Sociedade Botanica do Brasil Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) PROBIP/UEG Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Initiatives directed at managing information on aquatic plants can support different areas of scientific research, educational practices and political decisions for sustainable management and protection of wetlands and natural resources, as well as reveal knowledge gaps regarding aquatic plants and wetlands. Furthermore, such initiatives can contribute directly to consolidating wetland classification systems in Brazil. The objectives of this work are to present and explore the use of a data repository and online platform created specifically for the management of data on aquatic plants in Brazil. The data repository for aquatic plants was developed to store information on species occurrence records in a standardized form considering: systematics, taxonomy, habit, life form, geographic distribution, hydrographic basin, wetland, bibliographic references and herbarium material. A total of 3,903 records referring to the Southeast Region of Brazil were generated for the data repository. This total encompassed 1,036 species distributed among 132 families and 466 genera. Our results illustrate the diversity of information available regarding aquatic plants, circumscribe this group of species and serve as a source of data about them. Similar databases and electronic infrastructures can be developed for other flora in the future. SBB, NEPA, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Inst Estadual Florestas, Herbario Parque Estadual Rio Doce, Parque Estadual Rio Doce, BR-35185000 Marlieria, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Bot, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Bot, Lab Sistemat Vegetal, BR-30130000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Vale Sao Francisco, Nucleo Ecol & Monitoramento Ambiental, BR-56300000 Petrolina, PE, Brazil Univ Estadual Mato Grosso Sul, BR-79400000 Coxim, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Dept Biol, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Bot, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Lab Anat Vegetal, BR-66040170 Belem, Para, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Inst Ciencias Nat Humanas & Sociais, BR-78550728 Sinop, MT, Brazil Univ Estadual Goias, Herbario Jose Angelo Rizzo, BR-75860000 Quirinopolis, Go, Brazil Ctr Univ Belo Horizonte, BR-30455610 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Bot, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2015/13112-7

Aquatic macrophytes have properties and mechanisms which are useful for the removal of substances in solution, commonly used in phytoremediation processes in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the performance of copper (Cu) accumulation by Salvinia biloba Raddi (Salviniaceae) in different metal concentrations (1, 3 and 5 µg mL-1), as well as the control treatment, measured at intervals of 0, 7 and 14 days under laboratory conditions, with control as to pH and luminosity. After the experiment, the S. biloba biomass was washed, kiln dried, crushed and subjected to the process of digestion, and subsequently the accumulated copper content was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that S. biloba is apt at accumulating copper, varying significantly between different treatments and days of exposure to the contaminant, as well as its interaction (treatment × days). The highest accumulation values were observed in treatment with 5 µg mL-1, which at 14 days, with 11,861 µg g-1 of copper. We observed symptoms of toxicity and mortality in plants, probably indicating the effect of copper on the species when at high levels. Salvinia biloba is an efficient species in the removal of copper in solution, its recommendation as a remediating agent in aquatic ecosystems being possible. Resumo Macrófitas aquáticas apresentam propriedades e mecanismos úteis à remoção de substâncias presentes em solução, comumente, utilizadas em processos de fitorremediação de ambientes aquáticos. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de acumulação de cobre (Cu) por Salvinia biloba Raddi (Salviniaceae) em diferentes concentrações do metal (1, 3 e 5 µg mL-1), além do tratamento controle, avaliados em intervalos de 0, 7 e 14 dias, sob condições laboratoriais, com controle de pH e luminosidade. Após o experimento a biomassa de S. biloba, foi lavada, seca em estufa, triturada e submetida ao processo de digestão, sendo, posteriormente, o teor de cobre acumulado determinado por espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Os resultados evidenciaram que S. biloba é hábil em acumular cobre em sua biomassa, variando significativamente entre os diferentes tratamentos e dias de exposição ao contaminante, bem como por sua interação (tratamentos × dias). Os maiores teores de acúmulo foram observados no tratamento com 5 µg mL-1, que aos 14 dias apresentou até 11.861 µg g-1 de Cu. Observamos sintomas de toxicidade e mortalidade nas plantas, evidenciando, provavelmente, o efeito do cobre sobre a espécie quando em elevados níveis. Salvinia biloba é uma espécie eficiente na remoção do cobre em solução, sendo possível sua recomendação como agente de remediação em ecossistemas aquáticos.

Different factors can influence the absorption and storage of substances in plant biomass. In this study, we evaluated the effect of copper concentration in growth medium and plant exposure time on copper accumulation in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. (Pontederiaceae) roots and leaves under controlled conditions. Plants were subjected to four treatments of copper concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 μg.mL -1 , with a control treatment of 0 μg.mL -1 , and evaluated at seven-day intervals over 21 days. Copper concentration in biomass was analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy with flame atomisation. The results showed that copper concentration in the growth medium and time of exposure had a significant effect on the amount of copper accumulated by E. crassipes roots and leaves, with roots more efficient compared to leaves. It is likely that E. crassipes has mechanisms for the translocation of metal from the root system to the leaves. Symptoms of copper toxicity were observed in the vegetative parts of the plants at the end of the experiments. This study demonstrates that E. crassipes presents great potential in the absorption and accumulation of copper under laboratory conditions, indicating its effectiveness for applications in phytoremediation processes.