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Scalable fabrication of thick sulfur electrodes with high-energy-density and good calendering-compatibility is a prerequisite for the practical success of lithium-sulfur batteries. However, this task turns out extremely challenging due to the lack of scalable production of rationally designed sulfur-rich particles, as well as fundamental understanding of the main issues of thick electrodes. Here, we develop a hail-inspired sulfur nanostorm (HSN) technology to efficiently produce calendering-compatible sulfur-rich secondary particles with customizable composition and material functions. To dig out the fundamental links between sulfur-rich particles properties and their electrochemical performance, an electro-mechanical method is proposed to evaluate the sulfur-rich particles properties (calendering-compatibility and conductivity). Meanwhile, the role of active material calendering-compatibility in controlling its electrochemical performance is discussed by a “healthy” microenvironment model as learned from cell biology. Consequently, a high areal capacity of 12 mAh cm−2 @ 1 mA cm−2 is realized in coin-cell. Furthermore, a pouch cell with a high specific capacitance of 1294 mAh g−1 in a quasi-lean electrolyte is successfully demonstrated. In a nutshell, this study may provide guidelines for the design, fabrication and characterization of high-quality of thick sulfur cathode for Li-S batteries.

A low cost Gd34Ni33Al33 metallic glass with excellent magnetocaloric properties was successfully prepared in the present work. The magnetic properties of the ribbons were measured by constructing the relationship of magnetic entropy change (–ΔSm) on temperature as well as magnetic field. The amorphous alloy shows typical magnetocaloric behaviors, large maximum –ΔSm (11.06 J/(kg·K) under 5 T) and adiabatic temperature rise (4.3 K under 5 T) near 40 K, indicating that the low cost Gd34Ni33Al33 metallic glass is a good candidate material for low temperature magnetic refrigeration.

Mould casting and drop-tube techniques were used to solidify a AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy under conditions of high cooling rate. The samples obtained from two different methods present the same phase constituent, FCC and B2 phases. During mould casting experiments the alloy almost solidified into the eutectic structure consisting of lamellar and anomalous morphology, with a tiny fraction of cellular and dendrite morphology being observed at certain sites of the sample surface due to the corresponding high cooling rate. Instead, during drop-tube experiments a typical, coarse dendrite structure of FCC single phase was formed across the entire 106-150 μm particle. The cellular structure can also be formed directly from the melt. The rest region solidified into the general eutectic morphology as was observed in the casting rods. The results clearly indicate the transition from coupled eutectic growth to single-phase dendrite growth with increasing departures from equilibrium for the multi-component AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy.

Fluorescence probes have great potential to empower bioimaging, precision clinical diagnostics and surgery. However, current probes are limited to in vivo high-contrast diagnostics, due to the substantial background interference from tissue scattering and nonspecific activation in blood and normal tissues. Here, we developed a kind of cell endocytosis-activated fluorescence (CEAF) probe, which consists of a hydrophilic polymer unit and an acid pH-sensitive small-molecule fluorescent moiety that operates in the “tissue-transparent” second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. The CEAF probe stably presents in the form of quenched nanoaggregates in water and blood, and can be selectively activated and retained in lysosomes through cell endocytosis, driven by a synergetic mechanism of disaggregation and protonation. In vivo imaging of tumor and inflammation with a passive-targeting and affinity-tagged CEAF probe, respectively, yields highly specific signals with target-to-background ratios over 15 and prolonged observation time up to 35 hours, enabling positive implications for surgical, diagnostic and fundamental biomedical studies., A Cell Endocytosis-Activated Fluorescent (CEAF) probe triggered by disaggregation and protonation is designed for high contrast in vivo bioimaging and diagnostics in the second near-infrared window (1000–1700 nm).

Mid-infrared (MIR) photodetection is of significance in civil and military applications because it shows superiority in absorbing the vibration of various molecules and covering atmospheric transmission windows. Recently, the PtTe2, a typical type-II Dirac semimetal, has come under the spotlight due to its unique photodetection sensibility in the MIR region and robust stability in the atmosphere. Here, the high-quality and large-scale 1T-PtTe2 thin films with air stability were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Broadband photoresponse of the photodetectors of PtTe2 from 420 nm to 10.7 μm shows high responsivity and detectivity of 0.2 mA W-1 and 2.6 × 107 Jones at 10.7 μm and 1.6 mA W-1 and 2.2 × 108 Jones at 4.7 μm under the atmosphere, respectively. Moreover, the photodetectors exhibit high sensitivity in visible and near-infrared regions (8.2 mA W-1 at 650 nm and 15.6 mA W-1 at 960 nm). The power- and polarization-dependent photoresponse measurements reveal the linear relationship of power photoresponse and obvious anisotropic photoresponse (the ratio of anisotropy ellipse is 8.3 at 10.7 μm), respectively. These results suggest that the PtTe2 could be expected to be an advanced photodetection material for polarization angle-sensitive detection, infrared imaging, and photodetection from the visible to MIR range.

Stability diagrams are of great importance for investigating deoxidation equilibrium and controlling inclusions in molten steel. Combined with programming for calculation and drawing, the three-dimensional stability diagrams of MgO, MgO·Al2O3, and Al2O3 in the Fe–Al–Mg–O system were successfully drawn, which can visually explain the meaning of the iso-oxygen contours and the borderlines among different phases. They also offer straight evidence that the borderline method is imperfect. The three-dimensional stability diagrams can visually show more vital details that cannot be illustrated by the iso-oxygen contours. The most significant advantage of three-dimensional stability diagrams is not only judging the most stable phase in the specific component area but also visually showing the transformation trend among the phases from a three-dimensional perspective, especially when the equilibrium surfaces of these phases are relatively close. Besides, an interesting transformation of inclusions in the Fe–Al–Mg–O system was found. When the magnesium content is higher than 0.0065% and the aluminum content is lower than 0.21%, the equilibrium products of aluminum-magnesium composite deoxidation may be transformed from MgO to MgO·Al2O3 and Al2O3 in turn, which can be directly observed from the three-dimensional stability diagram based on the calculations.

Developing bifunctional nanoplatforms integrating advanced biological imaging with high-performance therapeutic functions is interesting for nanoscience and biomedicine. Herein, thin-layered FePS3 nanosheets modified with amine polyethylene glycol (FePS3-PEG) are synthesized by ultrasonicated exfoliation of bulk FePS3 single crystals under Ar atmosphere and in situ chemical functionalization with amine PEG. The prepared FePS3-PEG nanosheets give a photothermal conversion efficiency of 22.1% under 808-nm laser and evident T1 relaxation (r1 = 2.69 (mmol L−1)−1 S−1) in external magnetic fields. Biologically experimental results in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that FePS3-PEG nanosheets have good biocompatibility and exhibit excellent photothermal therapy (PTT) effect under clear T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The characteristics of FePS3-PEG nanosheets enable them to be a promising nanomedicine for T1-weighted MRI-guided near-infrared PTT of cancers.

A new deaminase, TadA8e, was recently evolved in the laboratory. TadA8e catalyzes DNA deamination over 1,000 times faster than the widely used ABE7.10. Here, we took advantage of this speed to develop a high-efficiency adenine base editor, rABE8e (rice ABE8e), which combines monomeric TadA8e, bis-bpNLS and codon optimization. rABE8e had substantially increased editing efficiencies at both NG-protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and NGG-PAM target sequences compared with ABEmax. For most targets, rABE8e exhibited close to 100% editing efficiency and high homozygous substitution rates in the specific editing window, especially at positions A5 and A6. The ability to rapidly generate plant materials with homozygous base substitutions will benefit gene function research and precision molecular breeding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Hot electrons generated in metallic nanostructures have shown promising perspectives for photodetection. This has prompted efforts to enhance the absorption of photons by metals. However, most strategies require fine-tuning of the geometric parameters to achieve perfect absorption, accompanied by the demanding fabrications. Here, we theoretically propose a Ag grating/TiO2 cladding hybrid structure for hot electron photodetection (HEPD) by combining quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC) and plasmonic hot electrons. Enabled by quasi-BIC, perfect absorption can be readily achieved and it is robust against the change of several structural parameters due to the topological nature of BIC. Also, we show that the guided mode can be folded into the light cone by introducing a disturbance to become a guided resonance, which then gives rise to a narrow-band HEPD that is difficult to be achieved in the high loss gold plasmonics. Combining the quasi-BIC and the guided resonance, we also realize a multiband HEPD with near-perfect absorption. Our work suggests new routes to enhance the light-harvesting in plasmonic nanosystems.

Heterostructures constructed from two-dimensional building blocks have shown promise for field-effect transistors, memory devices, photosensors and other electronic applications1,2. 2D nanosheet crystals can be constructed into multilayer heterostructures using layer-by-layer methods3, but that method cannot be used to fabricate large-scale and thick heterostructures, due to the time-consuming nature and low efficiency of the process. An alternative approach to deposit different two-dimensional materials is by inkjet printing4-7. Here we show the fabrication of a nanosheet supercapacitor by inkjet printing Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets as electrodes, and graphene oxide nanosheets as solid-state electrolyte. The free water molecules trapped between graphene oxide sheets facilitate proton movement through the layered solid electrolyte8. The as-made supercapacitor shows high areal capacitance, good cycling stability and high areal energy and power densities comparable with existing printed supercapacitors. Moreover, the specific capacitance can be increased further by addition of liquid electrolytes., Comment: original article including supporting information file

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been widely applied in the synthesis of organic hybrid chalcogenidometalates, while the other types of ionic liquids are rarely tried. Reported here is the first application of a pyridinium-based ionic liquid in the preparation of two main-group heterometallic selenides featuring isomorphic three-dimensional frameworks. Of particular interest is that three gallium-tin selenides possessing another type of three-dimensional framework have been prepared by replacing the pyridinium-based ionic liquid with imidalolium-based ionic liquids under the same reaction conditions.

We disclose herein a Au(I)-catalyzed domino cyclization of 1,6-diynes incorporated with indole. This protocol enabled the diastereoselective buildup of indole-fused azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes from linear precursors. Density functional theory calculations showed that the reaction proceeded via an unprecedented cascade dearomatization/rearomatization/dearomatization process. Independent gradient model analysis revealed that a noncovalent attractive interaction between the distal alkyne and the Au/proximal complex was responsible for the chemoselectivity of the first spirocyclization step.

In this work, a modified surface-effect incorporated beam model based on Gurtin and Murdoch (GM) surface elasticity theory is established by satisfying the required balance equations on surfaces, which is often overlooked by researchers in this field. With the refinement, the proposed model is more rigorous in mathematics and mechanics compared with GM theory-based beam models in literature. To demonstrate the model, the problem for static bending of simply supported beam considering surface effects is solved by applying the general equations derived, and numerical results are obtained and discussed.

In this study, layered Li–Ni–Co–Mn oxide (LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2) cathode materials with different transition metal compositions (LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) are synthesized by a simple mixing process and solid-state reaction at a high temperature. The samples show a typical hexagonal α–NaFeO2 structure with a single phase and predominantly spherical morphology with a homogeneous particle size distribution. The electrochemical properties of the samples are investigated in different voltage ranges by galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The results reveal that the capacity increases with increasing the charging cutoff voltage by 0.1 V for all the samples. In addition, the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 samples deliver initial discharge capacities of 161.0, 170.8, and 202.3 mAh g−1, respectively, at a 0.1 C rate with the voltage ranging from 3.0 to 4.3 V, which increase by 23.4%, 18.8%, and 8.2%, respectively, with the increase in the charging cutoff voltage from 4.3 to 4.6 V. Furthermore, compared with LiCoO2, the samples exhibit a relatively superior cycling performance with an increase of the charging cutoff voltage. Cyclic voltammetry tests reveal that the redox process at approximately 4.5–4.6 V corresponds to Co3+/Co4+, and that at approximately 3.6–3.8 V corresponds to Ni2+/Ni4+. X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the reversible phase transition and excellent structural stability of the LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 materials against prolonged cycling.

Drought has caused serious damage to the water resource system and agricultural production in Shandong Province, China. This study calculated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) based on the monthly precipitation and average temperature data of 25 meteorological stations in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2017. The trend analysis method and ArcGIS software were utilized to analyze the multi-scale (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, and SPEI-12) spatiotemporal changes of drought. The results revealed that (1) The intensity of drought showed an increasing trend in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2017; (2) The main periods of the drought on the seasonal scale (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and annual scale were 8 years, 4 years, 15 years, 4 years, and 4 years, respectively; (3) Of the four seasons, the frequency of drought in autumn and winter were the highest. At the annual scale, the high-frequency drought areas were mainly concentrated in the southern mountainous regions; (4) In terms of the spatial change trend of drought, Shandong Province as a whole displayed a trend of becoming wet in the central and southwest regions and dry in the eastern region; and (5) Droughts were discovered to be simultaneously influenced by multiple atmospheric circulation indices in Shandong Province. HIGHLIGHTS The intensity of drought showed an increasing trend.; The spatial distribution of drought in Shandong Province varies greatly at different scales.; The aridity trend across the entire province in autumn.; Droughts in Shandong Province were simultaneously affected by multiple atmospheric circulation indices.

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has attracted increasing attention for the applications in the gas phase plasma chemical reactions. The utilization of electrode cooling has been proved to enhance the performance of plasma chemical reactions in the coaxial DBD reactor. However, the universal understanding on how the electrode cooling improves the plasma reaction is very limited. Here, we investigated the discharge characteristics in the N2 DBD with and without water cooling for outer electrode. The influence of water cooling on the discharge characteristics of the N2 DBD was examined by the diagnostics of electrical, optical, and temperature characters. The results showed that at the same initial applied voltage, the N2 DBD with water cooling exhibited a more stable discharge with higher intensity in comparison with that without water cooling, which was reflected by the smaller decrease and higher level in applied voltage, number of current pulses, transferred charge, relative intensity of the main reactive species, and energy efficiency as a function of discharge time. From the temperature measurement, the temperature of the DBD reactor was maintained in the lower and more stable level in the presence of water cooling, indicating that more energy was injected into the plasma reactions rather than wasted as heat dissipation to the environment, which led to the higher energy efficiency in the N2 DBD with water cooling. Overall, this work provides essential references for the development and optimization of the DBD reactors in practical applications (e.g., chemical synthesis using plasma processes).

Morphology and texture detection, which are important components of tactile sensing, augment the response of human beings to external stimuli. Similarly, tactile sensing-based information acquisition systems in robots can help enhance the interactions of robots with the surroundings. The main drawback of morphology and texture sensing methods is their inability to explain and quantify sensing information, which makes it difficult to utilize prior knowledge and necessitates a new training process to fit the new task, even if the changes between the existing and new tasks are minuscule. Another drawback is its dependence on large datasets. To solve these problems, a hybrid connectionist symbolic model (HCSM) is proposed herein that combines historic symbolic knowledge and end-to-end neural networks. The symbolic model requires a smaller dataset and possesses an improved transferability of detection. Neural networks can be easily established and exhibit better fault tolerance for non-ideal samples. The HCSM model combines these advantages. Experiments with the tactile-based morphology and texture detection demonstrated that the new method can transfer the detection ability to fit new tasks without requiring additional retraining and has a 16% higher recognition precision than a convolutional neural network, LeNet, AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet. The HCSM method with these features can broaden the range of applications of tactile sensing.

High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) combined with leucovorin (LV) is the first-line drug therapy for many kinds of malignant tumors. However, the specific treatment plans, such as dosage and duration of administration, are usually formulated according to the clinician’s experience and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of methotrexate in patients’ plasma, which are responsible for strong individual differences of drug usage. A large number of studies have shown that methotrexate targets the inside of the cell. The key cytotoxic component is the methotrexate polyglutamates (MTXPGs) in the cell. The concentration of methotrexate in plasma does not reflect the efficacy and side effects well. Based on mass spectrometry technology, we developed and validated an accurate, sensitive, and stable method to quantify the intracellular MTX (MTXPG1) and its metabolites MTXPG2–7 simultaneously. The lower limit of quantification was 0.100 ng/ml, and the run time was only 3 min. Moreover, our team has already developed two LC-MS/MS-based methods to respectively quantify methotrexate in plasma samples and two key proteins (γ-glutamyl hydrolase [GGH] and folylpolyglutamate synthetase [FPGS]) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Through these highly sensitive and accurate approaches, we have gained a deep understanding of the whole pharmacokinetic process of MTX and explored the key factors affecting the accumulation process of intracellular active components (MTXPGs). Based on this research, it is possible to find a more effective way to provide an accurate reference for clinical drug use than traditional therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

For sustainable environment development in the countryside and rural tourism destinations, we must pay greater attention to acoustic environment management and rural soundscape planning. Field surv...

The pre-Cenozoic northern South China Sea (SCS) Basin basement was supposed to exist as a complex of heterogeneous segments, divided by dozens of N–S faulting. Unfortunately, only the Hainan Island and the northeastern SCS region were modestly dated while the extensive basement remains roughly postulated by limited geophysical data. This study presents a systematic analysis including U-Pb geochronology, elemental geochemistry and petrographic identification on granite and meta-clastic borehole samples from several key areas. Constrained from gravity-magnetic joint inversion, this interpretation will be of great significance revealing the tectono-magmatic evolution along the southeastern margin of the Eurasian Plate. Beneath the thick Cenozoic sediments, the northern SCS is composed of a uniform Mesozoic basement while the Precambrian rocks are only constricted along the Red River Fault Zone. Further eastern part of the northern SCS below the Cenozoic succession was widely intruded by granites with Jurassic-to-early Cretaceous ages. Further western part, on the other hand, is represented by meta-sedimentary rocks with relatively sporadic granite complexes. To be noted, the western areas derived higher-degree and wider metamorphic zones, which is in contrast with the lower-degree and narrower metamorphic belt developed in the eastern region. Drastic collisions between the Indochina Block and South China continent took place since at least late Triassic, resulting in large-scale suturing and deformation zones. At the westernmost part of the northern SCS, the intracontinental amalgamation with closure of the Meso-Tethys has caused fairly stronger and broader metamorphism. One metamorphic biotite granite is located on the suturing belt and yields a Precambrian U-Pb age. It likely represents the relict from the ancient Gondwana supercontinent or its fringes. Arc-continental collision between the Paleo-Pacific and the southeast China Block, on the other hand, results in a relatively narrow NE-SW trending metamorphic belt during the late Mesozoic. Within the overall geological setting, the Cenozoic SCS oceanic basin was subsequently generated from a series of rifting and faulting processes along the collisional-accretionary continental margin.

The United States produces more than 10 million tons of waste oils and fats each year. This paper aims to establish a new biomanufacturing platform that converts waste oils or fats into a series of value-added products. Our research employs the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a case study for citric acid (CA) production from waste oils. First, we conducted the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the bioreactor system and identified that the extracellular mixing and mass transfer is the first limiting factor of an oil fermentation process due to the insolubility of oil in water. Based on the CFD simulation results, the bioreactor design and operating conditions were optimized and successfully enhanced oil uptake and bioconversion in fed-batch fermentation experiments. After that, we investigated the impacts of cell morphology on oil uptake, intracellular lipid accumulation, and CA formation by overexpressing and deleting the MHY1 gene in the wild type Y. lipolytica ATCC20362. Fairly good linear correlations (R2 > 0.82) were achieved between cell morphology and productivities of biomass, lipid, and CA. Finally, fermentation kinetics with both glucose and oil substrates were compared and the oil fermentation process was carefully evaluated. Our study suggests that waste oils or fats can be economical feedstocks for biomanufacturing of many high-value products.

Humidity monitoring plays a key role in the human–machine interface (HMI) and health-related devices. Current inorganic sensing materials provide a stable and fast method to monitor relative humidity (RH). However, these materials require complicated preparation processes and even toxic reagents. Organic humidity-sensing materials were considered to be biocompatible, but they face slow response time and cannot be used in real-time systems. There is still a great challenge to seek biocompatible humidity-sensing materials with high performance. Micro-nano structures formed by self-assembled peptides have been proven to have good optical, mechanical, semiconductive properties and intrinsic biocompatibility, which can be used for monitoring human health and activities. Herein, we reported an environmentally friendly humidity sensor based on peptide self-assembled micro-nano fibers. This humidity sensor was fabricated by a drop-coating method, in which the peptide fiber served as the humidity-sensing material and the Au electrode was used as a substrate. Self-assembled fiber networks exhibit excellent absorption of water molecules, which result in an extraordinary humidity sensitivity of more than 30,000 as well as ultrafast response (66 ms). To demonstrate the multifunctional possibilities, peptide humidity sensors were applied to respiration monitoring, non-contact switch, and baby diaper wetting monitoring. Our results provide useful strategies for detecting humidity changes in physiological activities based on peptide self-assembled fibers. These results indicated that peptide could be a promising candidate for human–machine interaction and healthcare humidity monitoring.

The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE), the phenomenon in which a transverse voltage can be produced without a magnetic field, provides a potential alternative for rectification or frequency doubling1,2. However, the low-temperature detection of the NLHE limits its applications3,4. Here, we report the room-temperature NLHE in a type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4, which hosts a robust NLHE due to broken inversion symmetry and large band overlapping at the Fermi level. We also observe a temperature-induced sign inversion of the NLHE in TaIrTe4. Our theoretical calculations suggest that the observed sign inversion is a result of a temperature-induced shift in the chemical potential, indicating a direct correlation of the NLHE with the electronic structure at the Fermi surface. Finally, on the basis of the observed room-temperature NLHE in TaIrTe4 we demonstrate the wireless radiofrequency (RF) rectification with zero external bias and magnetic field. This work opens a door to realizing room-temperature applications based on the NLHE in Weyl semimetals. Broken inversion symmetry in a type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4 enables observation of the room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect as well as wireless radiofrequency rectification.

Nanoscaled zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized via a benign mineralization reaction using mono-amino acid as templates. Characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the microstructure of as-prepared ZnO can be fine-tuned into olive-like and flake-like structures with leucine and histidine respectively. Otherwise, the photoluminescence (PL) results indicate that biomineralized ZnO nanoparticles show a potential application in the fields of optical devices. To further explore the biological performance of as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles, antibacterial activity tests against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and cytocompatibility on mouse MC3T3 cells were also investigated. The superior biological properties of these biomineralized ZnO together with their intrinsic photoluminescent properties open perspectives for the development of biomedical applications.

To assess phosphorus (P) status of forest soil under naturally restored vegetation, P fractions in the 10-cm soil layer were quantified at different successional stages on the clear-cut site of mixed broadleaved and Korean pine forest. Four communities of shrub, softwood broad-leaved forest, softwood and hardwood broad-leaved forest, and hardwood broad-leaved forest represented different successional stages. A soil sample from a primary broad-leaved and Korean pine stand was the control. A sequential P fractionation scheme extracted empirically defined pools of P and path analysis used to partition the direct and indirect contribution of soil P fractions to available P. The results show that available P increased significantly with long-term succession, while both sodium bicarbonate-extractable P (NaHCO3-P) and sodium hydroxide-extractable P (NaOH-P) fractions were reduced in early successional stages and increased in late stages. Compared to the primary forest, concentrations of P fractions in the four stages significantly decreased except for HCl-P, indicating that soil P supplements over the long-term did not return to primary forest levels. The results of related analysis also showed that NaHCO3-Pi levels were significantly related to available phosphorus. According to the path analysis coefficient, NaHCO3-Pi exhibited the highest effect on available P among eight P fractions; the indirect effects of other P fractions via NaHCO3-Pi were larger than those with other P fractions. Overall, this study suggests that soil P bioavailability gradually improved during natural vegetation restoration on clear-cut sites mainly through the increase of NaHCO3-P, where phosphorous is immediately available, and subsequently available phosphorus NaOH-P.

The 2-methoxyiminoacyl-mediated arylation of substituted phenylalanines has been examined. Selective monoarylation at the ortho position was achieved using pyridone ligands which decelerate the arylation process. Density functional theory (DFT) study of a continuous C-H arylation process that included the first and second arylation stage was performed. The computational result shows that the introduction of a pyridone ligand obviously disfavors the second arylation stage, which directly contributes to the selectivity between the mono/diarylated products. Furthermore, results of the kinetic isotope effect and a control experiment are agreed with DFT study.

Although voluminous Jurassic ophiolites have been reported along the Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone (BNSZ), the tectonic setting of ophiolites and the Jurassic evolution history of the Meso-Tethys Oce...

Bi incorporations can reduce the bandgap of GaAs1-xBix. With a Bi content of 10.5%, GaAsBi is predicted to emit light at 1.55 μm. However, high Bi incorporation is difficult for material growth and deteriorates the optical property of GaAsBi. In this work, a GaAsBi quantum dot (QD)/InAlAs structure on InP platform is proposed to fabricate 1.55 μm laser diodes. Strain distributions and band structures are calculated with different Bi contents and QD sizes using finite element method. High Bi contents and large QD sizes are beneficial for achieving long wavelengths. GaAsBi QD/InAlAs structures with a low Bi content of 5.6% and proper QD sizes, such as a diameter of 30 nm and a height of 6 nm, can emit light at 1.55 μm. The proposed structure can be realized by migration enhanced epitaxy and droplet epitaxy and provides a feasible way for fabricating GaAsBi based 1.55 μm laser diodes applied in fiber-optic communications. The emission wavelength of GaAsBi QDs with different sizes and Bi contents

CXCR4 plays an important role in a number of immunological-based diseases and cancers. The development of radiotracers targeting CXCR4 can provide a valuable tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions involving deregulation of the receptor. The incorporation of multiple radionuclides into small molecules, peptides, and CXCR4 ligands have been reported and characterized. In this study, a 99mTc labeled AMD3465 with high yields and radiochemical purity was prepared. In vitro and in vivo study of [99mTc]TcAMD3465 showed high stability and binding affinity, with a hydrophilic log P value of − 2.67. Biodistribution study was investigated using tissue and organ samples with a well-type Na(I) detector, high radioactivity accumulation was observed in liver, spleen and bone, consistent with high CXCR4 expression in these organs. SPECT imaging was performed in H460 xenograft mouse model, [99mTc]TcAMD3465 showed comparable tumor uptake and a significantly high tumor-to-background ratio, suggesting potential utility of [99mTc]TcAMD3465 as a CXCR4 receptor imaging agent.

Semiconductor nanowires with proximity-induced superconductivity are leading contenders for manifesting Majorana fermions in condensed matter1–5. However, unambiguous detection of these quasiparticles is controversial6, and one proposed method is to show that the peak in the conductance at zero applied bias is quantized to the value of 2e2/h (refs. 7–10). This has been reported previously11, but only by probing one end of the device. Yet, if peaks come from Majorana modes, they should be observed at both ends simultaneously. Here we fabricate devices that feature tunnel probes on both ends of a nanowire and observe peaks that are close to the quantized value. These peaks evolve with the tunnel barrier strength and magnetic field in a way that is consistent with Majorana zero modes. However, we only find nearly quantized zero-bias peaks localized to one end of the nanowire, while conductance dips are observed for the same parameters at the other end. We also identify delocalized states near zero magnetic field and at higher electron density, which is not in the basic Majorana regime. These results enable us to lay out procedures for assessing the non-locality of subgap wavefunctions and provide a classification of nanowire bound states based on their localization. Majorana bound states should appear at both ends of a nanowire if it is in the topological regime. This paper reports that, in many cases, zero-bias conduction peaks only occur on one end of the wire, which casts doubt on whether they are Majoranas.

Hydrogen auto-transfer (HAT) or borrowing hydrogen (BH) methodology which combines dehydrogenation, intermediate reaction and hydrogenation, is recognized as an excellent strategy for one-pot synthesis from an economic and environmental point of view. Although much effort has been made on the development of catalysts for HAT reactions, harsh conditions, external base or large amounts of noble metals are still required in most reported catalysis systems, and thus the exploration of a highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst remains meaningful. In this work, a novel bimetallic catalyst, Fe10Pd1/NC500 derived from bimetallic MOF NH2-MIL-101(Fe10Pd1), has been prepared, and the catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance for the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols via a hydrogen auto-transfer methodology. High yields of the desired products were achieved at 120 °C with an alcohol/amine molar ratio of 2 : 1 and required no external additive or solvent. A distinct enhancement in catalytic performance is observed when compared with monometallic catalysts, which can be ascribed to the “synergistic effects” inside the bimetallic alloys. The N-doped carbon support has been revealed to provide the necessary basicity which avoids the requirement of an external base. Moreover, a wide substrate range and remarkable reusability have been shown by Fe10Pd1/NC500, and this work highlights new possibilities for bimetallic catalysts applied in sustainable chemistry.

Fe–N–C exhibits excellent electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, but the synergistic effect between metallic and isolated iron species remains unclear. Herein, N-doped carbon nanostructure encapsulated Fe3C nanoparticles coupled with atomically dispersed Fe–N4 (Fe3C–FeN/NC) were synthesized by a general pyrolytic strategy. The introduction of Zn species promoted the formation of Fe–N4 during pyrolysis. Theoretical calculations indicated that the oxygen adsorption capacity of Fe3C was further enhanced by Fe–N4, which facilitated the breakage of O–O bonds. As a result, its onset potential of 0.95 V surpassed that of Fe3C/NC (0.89 V) and NC (0.85 V) in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. Only a 7 mV negative shift was obtained after 5000 cycles, which outperformed Pt/C catalysts. The assembled primary Zn–air battery (ZAB) displayed a high open-circuit potential of 1.41 V and a maximum power density of 166 mW cm−2 with an excellent specific capacity of 745 mA h g−1, outperforming the battery assembled with a commercial Pt/C catalyst.

First principles investigation and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) crystals have been carried out. The geometrical and electronic structures of TATB molecules in the crystal and gas phases were compared. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the TATB crystal structure shows that the intermolecular H⋯O interactions make important contributions in stabilizing the TATB crystal, while other intermolecular H⋯N and H⋯C interactions, O⋯O, N⋯O, C⋯O, and C⋯N close contacts also make contributions. QTAIM analyses of the intermolecular interactions in the molecular pairs confirm the presence of these intermolecular interactions based on Hirshfeld surface analyses, indicating that these intermolecular interactions play important roles in the crystal. The reason why the TATB crystal adopts a high energy conformer in which the NO2 and NH2 groups are coplanar with the benzene ring is elaborated. The cooperativity between hydrogen bonding and π⋯π interactions in the TATB crystal is verified and illustrated.

A new copper/silver-co-mediated three-component bicyclization of benzene-linked 1,6-enynes with ICF2CO2Et with TMSN3 was reported, and used to produce a wide range of hitherto unreported difluorinated tetrahydroindeno[1,2-c]azepine-3,6-diones with moderate to good yields. The mechanistic pathway consists of radical-induced 1,6-addition–cyclization, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, nitrene insertion and N–O cleavage, resulting in continuous multiple bond-forming events including C–C and C–N bonds to build up a 6/5/7 tricyclic framework.

To date, many methods have been developed for inducing tumor cell death, such as using chemical drugs and radiation. However, all of them have a common problem, a lack of mechanisms for precisely regulating the death of tumor cells. It often leads to nonspecific death and systemic side effects. Therefore, the efficacy and further application of these traditional methods are limited. In this paper, a logic AND-gated sonogene nanosystem was designed for precisely regulating the apoptosis of tumor cells. The running of this system required two essential parts, MscL I92L channel protein and ultrasound. Ultrasound could open the MscL I92L protein channel which when expressed on cells triggers the influx and outflux of small molecules through the channel. When the channel is kept open for a long time, Ca2+ influx becomes excessive which in turn activates the Ca2+ apoptosis pathway of cells. The expression of MscL I92L protein and the applying of ultrasound constituted the logic AND gate which could implement the precise regulation to apoptosis. This strategy would help reduce nonspecific triggers and side effects. In this system, cationic nanoliposomes were prepared as the carrier for effectively delivering MscL I92L plasmids to tumor cells in vivo. We investigated the apoptosis-promoting effect of this system in different tumor cell lines (HeLa, B16, and 4T1). The results demonstrated that the apoptosis rate was highest in the B16 cell line (the early apoptosis rate was 11.9% and the late apoptosis rate was 59.1%) when the cells were subjected to consistent ultrasound (6 MHz, 15 W) for 30 min. This logic AND-gated sonogene nanosystem is expected to provide a new strategy and development direction for tumor therapy.

Pregnancy is a period of major endocrine and metabolic changes which modulate both maternal and child’s health. Pregnancy exposures such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), elevated maternal pre-pregnancy body-mass-index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, overweight, and metabolic syndrome not only in the mother. Maternal diabetes and obesity to induce marked abnormalities in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in the fetus, and are linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disease in the offspring. In recent years, the study of metabolomics has begun to receive increasing international attention, especially as it pertains to medical research. This is due in part to the potential for discovery of new biomarkers in the metabolome and to a new understanding of the “exposome”, which refers to the endogenous and exogenous compounds that reflect external exposures. Consequently, metabolomics research into pregnancy-related issues has increased. Biomarkers discovered through metabolomics may shed some light on the etiology of certain pregnancy-related complications and their adverse effects on future maternal health and infant development and improve current clinical management. The discoveries and methods used in these studies will be compiled and summarized within the following paper. A further focus of this paper is the use of hair as a biological sample, which is gaining increasing attention across diverse fields due to its noninvasive sampling method and the metabolome stability. At the end we have concluded that maternal BMI and glycemia are associated with different components of the new born metabolism, consistent with their independent effects on new born size at birth. Maternal BMI is associated with a new born metabolic signature characteristic of insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults. Thus we can say that metabolomics is a useful tool and it helps to develop targeted therapeutic tool to investigate these complications at early stages.

Ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) is an effective imaging technique that applies the ultrasensitive detector of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensor to detect the MR signal at a microtesla field range. In this work, we designed and developed a SQUID-based ULF MRI system with a frequency-adjustable measurement field, the performance of which was characterized via water phantoms. In order to enhance the MR signals, a 500 mT Halbach magnet was used to prepolarize the magnetization of the sample prior to excitation. The signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the spin-echo- (SE-) based pulse sequence can reach up to 70 in a single scan. The images were then reconstructed successfully by using the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm based on the backprojection imaging method. It was demonstrated that an in-plane resolution of 1.8 × 1.8 mm2 can be achieved which indicated the feasibility of SQUID-based MRI at the ULF.

A novel TiO2(B) confined in porous bio-derived carbon has been prepared for dehydrogenated catalyzation of NH3BH3. The microstructural characterizations of as-prepared samples show that the nanoconfinement in well-organized micro/mesopores of carbon can avoid the aggregations of TiO2(B) nanoparticles and NH3BH3. The dehydrogenation measurement demonstrates the dehydrogenated thermodynamic and dynamic properties of NH3BH3 could be improved under the con-catalyzation of TiO2(B) and porous carbon. The results suggest that both TiO2(B) and porous bio-derived C are promising catalysts. Additionally, it also provides a high-value solution for the disposal of agricultural wastes.

Local adaptation is particularly likely in invertebrate pests that typically have short generation times and large population sizes, but there are few studies on pest species investigating local adaptation and separating this process from contemporaneous and historical gene flow. Here, we use a population genomic approach to investigate evolutionary processes in the two most dominant spider mites in China, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara and Tetranychus pueraricola Ehara et Gotoh, which have wide distributions, short generation times, and large population sizes. We generated genome resequencing of 246 spider mites mostly from China, as well as Japan and Canada at a combined total depth of 3,133×. Based on demographic reconstruction, we found that both mite species likely originated from refugia in southwestern China and then spread to other regions, with the dominant T. truncatus spreading ~3,000 years later than T. pueraricola. Estimated changes in population sizes of the pests matched known periods of glaciation and reinforce the recent expansion of the dominant spider mites. T. truncatus showed a greater extent of local adaptation with more genes (76 vs. 17) associated with precipitation, including candidates involved in regulation of homeostasis of water and ions, signal transduction, and motor skills. In both species, many genes (135 in T. truncatus and 95 in T. pueraricola) also showed signatures of selection related to elevation, including G‐protein‐coupled receptors, cytochrome P450s, and ABC‐transporters. Our results point to historical expansion processes and climatic adaptation in these pests which could have contributed to their growing importance, particularly in the case of T. truncatus.

Chemiluminescence (CL) sensing without external excitation by light and autofluorescence interference has been applied to high-contrast in vitro immunoassays and in vivo inflammation and tumor microenvironment detection. However, conventional CL sensing usually operates in the range of 400-850 nm, which limits the performance of in vivo imaging due to serious light scattering effects and signal attenuation in tissue. To address this challenge, a new type of CL sensor is presented that functions in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II CLS) with a deep penetration depth (≈8 mm). Successive CL resonance energy transfer (CRET) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the activated CL substrate to two rationally designed donor-acceptor-donor fluorophores BTD540 and BBTD700 occurs. NIR-II CLS can be selectively activated by hydrogen peroxide over other reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Moreover, NIR-II CLS is capable of detecting local inflammation in mice with a 4.5-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than that under the NIR-II fluorescence modality.

O-Acetylation of polysaccharides predominantly modifies plant cell walls by changing the physicochemical properties and, consequently, the structure and function of the cell wall. Expression regulation and specific function of cell wall-acetylating enzymes remain to be fully understood. In this report, we cloned a previously identified stunted growth mutant named sucrose uncoupled1 (sun1) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). SUN1 encodes a member of the TRICHOME BIREFRINGEN-LIKE family, AtTBL37. AtTBL37 is highly expressed in fast-growing plant tissues and encodes a Golgi apparatus-localized protein that regulates secondary cell wall thickening and acetylation. In sun1, jasmonate signaling and expression of downstream chemical defense genes, including VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEIN1 and BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINOTRANSFERASE4, are increased but, unexpectedly, sun1 is more susceptible to insect feeding. The central transcription factor in jasmonate signaling, MYC2, binds to and induces AtTBL37 expression. MYC2 also promotes the expression of many other TBLs. Moreover, MYC activity enhances cell wall acetylation. Overexpression of AtTBL37 in the myc2-2 background reduces herbivore feeding. Our study highlights the role of O-acetylation in controlling plant cell wall properties, plant development, and herbivore defense.

Heteroarenes are structural motifs found in many bioactive compounds and functional materials. Dehydrogenative cross-coupling of heteroarenes with aliphatic C-H bonds provides straightforward access to functionalized heteroarenes from readily available materials. Established methods employ stoichiometric chemical oxidants under conditions of heating or light irradiation. By merging electrochemistry and photochemistry, we have achieved efficient photoelectrochemical dehydrogenative cross-coupling of heteroarenes and C(sp3 )-H donors through H2 evolution, without the addition of metal catalysts or chemical oxidants. Mechanistically, the C(sp3 )-H donor is converted to a nucleophilic carbon radical through H-atom transfer with chlorine atom, which is produced by light irradiation of anodically generated Cl2 from Cl- . The carbon radical then undergoes radical substitution to the heteroarene to afford alkylated heteroarene products.

The recent evolution of active components yielded brilliant progresses for organic solar cells (OSCs), yet the mechanism is needed to be clearly understood. In this work, two electron acceptors, a linear SN6-2Br and a V-shaped BTP-2Br, are developed with nitrogen atoms introduced to replace the traditional sp3-hybridized carbon in the fused ring. BTP-2Br possesses an electron-deficient central core, which exhibits slightly blue-shifted absorption as well as deepened HOMO-level compared with SN6-2Br. The corresponding photovoltaic performance from V-shaped BTP-2Br based devices exhibit superior performance especially in short-circuit current (Jsc), despite an enhanced absorption and charge carrier mobilities for SN6-2Br. The primary reason for the higher Jsc from BTP-2Br is faster exciton diffusion and dissociation in blends, than those of SN6-2Br. As a result, PBDB-TF:BTP-2Br based devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.84% with an voltage-loss of only 0.46 V, which is one of the lowest values ever reported. Moreover, we fabricated semitransparent OSCs that exhibit an excellent PCE of 9.62% with average visible transparency of 20.1%.

Early-season crop type mapping could provide important information for crop growth monitoring and yield prediction, but the lack of ground-surveyed training samples is the main challenge for crop type identification. Although reference time series based method (RBM) has been proposed to identify crop types without the use of ground-surveyed training samples, the methods are not suitable for study regions with small field size because the reference time series are mainly generated using data set with low spatial resolution. As the combination of Landsat data and Sentinel-2 data could increase the temporal resolution of 30-m image time series, we improved the RBM by generating reference normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)/enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series at 30-m resolution (30-m RBM) using both Landsat and Sentinel-2 data, then tried to estimate the potential of the reference NDVI/EVI time series for crop identification at early season. As a test case, we tried to use the 30-m RBM to identify major crop types in Hengshui, China at early season of 2018, the results showed that when the time series of the entire growing season were used for classification, overall classification accuracies of the 30-m RBM were higher than 95%, which were similar to the accuracies acquired using the ground-surveyed training samples. In addition, cotton, spring maize and summer maize distribution could be accurately generated 8, 6 and 8 weeks before their harvest using the 30-m RBM; but winter wheat can only be accurately identified around the harvest time phase. Finally, NDVI outperformed EVI for crop type classification as NDVI had better separability for distinguishing crops at the green-up time phases. Comparing with the previous RBM, advantage of 30-m RBM is that the method could use the samples of the small fields to generate reference time series and process image time series with missing value for early-season crop classification; while, samples collected from multiple years should be further used so that the reference time series could contain more crop growth conditions.

Sn-based electrocatalysts have been gaining increasing attention due to their potential contribution in the conversion of CO2 into HCOOH driven by sustainable energy sources; however, their actual capability to catalyze CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) still cannot meet the requirements of commercial-scale applications. Therefore developing Sn-based catalyst is of vital importance. Herein, the sheet-like heterophase SnO2/Sn3O4 with a high density of phase interfaces has been first engineered by a facile hydrothermal process, with Sn3O4 as the dominant phase. The evidences from experiments and theoretical simulation indicate that the charge redistribution and built-in electric field at heterophase interfaces boost CO2 adsorption and HCOO* formation, accelerate the charge transfer between the catalysts and reactants, and ultimately greatly elevate the intrinsic activity of the heterophase SnO2/Sn3O4 towards CO2RR. Meanwhile, the in-situ generated porous structure and metal Sn during CO2RR improve the mass transmission within the interlayer volume and the conductivity of SnO2/Sn3O4. The heterophase SnO2/Sn3O4 displays high activity and selectivity for CO2RR, achieving an improvement in CO2 reduction current density, 88.3% Faradaic efficiency of HCOOH conversion at −0.9 VRHE, along with a long-term tolerance in CO2RR. This study demonstrates that heterophase interface engineering is an efficient strategy to regulate advanced catalysts for different applications.

Tissue implant-related infections are among the most serious complications after surgical implantation, including orthopedics and dentistry. Implants with antibacterial ion release systems are efficient and economical antibiotic substitutes to fight against bacterial infections. However, the excessive amount of released antibacterial ions may cause biological toxicity while killing bacteria. This raises a fundamental issue on how to properly control the amounts of ions and their efficacy. Here, we develop low-dose antibacterial ions-incorporated ferroelectric implants (copper-doped potassium sodium niobate, K0.5Na0.5NbO3-Cu, KNNCu) whose surface potential can be tuned via external polarization. The released Cu2+ ions can be targeted to bacteria via endogenous electric field (EEF) between KNNCu implants and negatively charged bacteria. Intriguingly, the antibacterial efficacy of the implants is determined by the amount of Cu2+ ions that reaches bacteria, instead of the total amount of released Cu2+ ions. The amount of Cu2+ ions reaching bacteria from the high-surface-potential implant is 2.4 times that from the lowsurface- potential implant within 12 h, resulting in the increased antibacterial ratio from about 65% to 100%, while remaining low cell toxicity. This work provides insights into the specific role of the EEF in guiding mass transport between charged materials and living organisms, and a new perspective for the design of high-performance antibacterial biomaterials.

During a hypothetical severe accident of light water reactors, the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) could fail due to its creep under the influence of high-temperature corium. Hence, modelling of creep behavior of the RPV is paramount to reactor safety analysis since it predicts the transition point of accident progression from in-vessel to ex-vessel phase. In the present study we proposed a new creep model for the classical French RPV steel 16MND5, which is adapted from the “theta-projection model” and contains all three stages of a creep process. Creep curves are expressed as a function of time with five model parameters θ i ( i = 1 − 4 a n d m ) . A model parameter dataset was constructed by fitting experimental creep curves into this function. To correlate the creep curves for different temperatures and stress loads, we directly interpolate the model’s parameters θ i ( i = 1 − 4 a n d m ) from this dataset, in contrast to the conventional “theta-projection model” which employs an extra single correlation for each θ i ( i = 1 − 4 a n d m ) , to better accommodate all experimental curves over the wide ranges of temperature and stress loads. We also put a constraint on the trend of the creep strain that it would monotonically increase with temperature and stress load. A good agreement was achieved between each experimental creep curve and corresponding model’s prediction. The widely used time-hardening and strain-hardening models were performing reasonably well in the new method.

Electrolyte additives play an important role in suppressing lithium dendrites through tailoring the composition/property of the SEI, however lacking of additives can achieve high performances both in ether and carbonate electrolytes hinders further enhancement of the high voltage lithium-metal batteries. Here, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) has been presented as an excellent additive to meet the above requirements. An optimized chemical composition of SEI can be achieved through the formation of ionic association. Our results indicate that the LiClO4 behaves like a catalyst, which promotes LiTFSI to form a better SEI to inhibit further reaction. Superior coulombic efficiencies and cycling performances were obtained both in ether and carbonate electrolytes. This study paves a new pathway for designing bi-soluble additives for safe lithium metal batteries.

A novel headspace solid phase microextraction arrow (HS-SPME Arrow) method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for extraction and analysis of volatile organic compounds of Microcystis aeruginosa under simulated natural conditions. By selecting suitable extraction fibers, 210 kinds of volatile metabolites were identified by full scanning qualitative analysis from the samples of Microcystis aeruginosa in producing period. The metabolic changes of volatile molecules during the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis and clustering analysis. Chemometric analysis based on principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis and heat map associated with hierarchical cluster analysis provided a suitable tool to differentiate volatile organic compounds in algal material. Also 10 metabolites with statistical significance were identified, including cyclohexanol, dimethyl trisulfide, benzenemethanol, camphor, 2-methoxyphenol, 3-hexene-1-ol, 2,4-decadienal, indole, citral and 1-nonanol. Parameters affecting the extraction, such as extraction temperature, time and salt contents were systematically evaluated. The analytical conditions, including desorption temperature and time as well as gas chromatographic parameters, were also optimized. The calibration curves showed a good linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.998) in the concentration range of 0.050–1000 ng/L. The detection limits of this method were 0.010–0.030 ng/L, and the recoveries at the concentration level of 100 ng/L were 76.3%–93.0%. The new method exhibited good precision, with the RSDs values of less than 12.7%. Furthermore, the method also had many advantages such as simplicity, rapidness and applicability to complex matrices, and hence it was suitable to the determination of volatile metabolites in natural water at the early stage of blue-green algae bloom.