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1. Does the environmental history of mussels have an effect on the physiological response to additional stress under experimental conditions?

Author

Isabelle Boutet, Arnaud Tanguy, Michel Auffret, Dario Moraga, Simon Devin, Camille Lacroix, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), Cedre, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), cofunding from 'Region Bretagne' and from 'Universite de Bretagne Occidentale' (grant ARED-MYTILGEN)., ANR-12-ISV7-0004,IPOC,Interactions entre la POllution et les Changements climatiques : développement d'une nouvelle stratégie de surveillance(2012), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Genotype, Trade off, Mytilus edulis, Thermal stress, Environmental history, Environmental history, Mussel, Thermal stress, Transcriptomic response, Trade off, Genotype, 010501 environmental sciences, Trade-off, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Stress, Physiological, Coastal ecosystem, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mytilus, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Transcriptomic response, fungi, Reproducibility of Results, Biota, Mussel, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, [STAT]Statistics [stat], 13. Climate action, Water temperature, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; Expected effects on marine biota of the ongoing elevation of water temperature and high latitudes is of major concern when considering the reliability of coastal ecosystem production. To compare the capacity of coastal organisms to cope with a temperature increase depending on their environmental history, responses of adult blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) taken from two sites differentially exposed to chemical pollution were investigated during an experimental exposure to a thermal stress. Immune parameters were notably altered by extreme warming and transcriptional changes for a broad selection of genes were associated to the temperature increase following a two-step response pattern. Site-specific responses suggested an influence of environmental history and support the possibility of a genetic basis in the physiological response. However no meaningful difference was detected between the response of hybrids and M galloprovincialis. This study brings new information about the capacity of mussels to cope with the ongoing elevation of water temperature in these coastal ecosystems.

Published
2022
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2. Seasonal monitoring of blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) populations in a harbor area: A focus on responses to environmental factors and chronic contamination

Author

Michel Auffret, Camille Lacroix, C. Bassoulet, Georges Chapalain, Dario Moraga, J. Guyomarch, Nicolas Guillou, Eric Duvieilbourg, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet HA (Cerema Equipe-projet HA), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), Cedre, ANR-12-ISV7-0004,IPOC,Interactions entre la POllution et les Changements climatiques : développement d'une nouvelle stratégie de surveillance(2012), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Seasonal variation, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 010501 environmental sciences, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Chronic pollution, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [STAT.CO]Statistics [stat]/Computation [stat.CO], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Ecology, General Medicine, Pollution, Mytilus, France, Seasons, Blue mussel, Ship of opportunity, Environmental Monitoring, Biotope, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, Biology, Reproductive cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, Condition index, [MATH.MATH-GM]Mathematics [math]/General Mathematics [math.GM], Stress, Physiological, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Marine invertebrates, ACL, Aquatic animal, Mussel, biology.organism_classification, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Gene expression, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; Coastal waters corresponding to macrotidal systems are among the most variable marine biotopes. Sessile animals as bivalve mollusks may however be found forming intertidal beds at high densities, as allowed by full adaptation to local conditions. A better knowledge of adaptive responses to environmental factors is required to foresee possible adverse effects of global change. At the sub-cellular level, transcriptional responses are among the earliest signals of environmental disturbances and they can reveal subtle and meaningful changes in organism exposed to stress. Three blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) populations inhabiting the Bay of Brest (France) in sites exposed to different levels of chronic pollution, from low to moderate, were surveyed upon a seasonal schedule, with special attention to the reproductive cycle. Major seawater parameters were monitored over a full-year in the framework of the S! RANO project, based on an automatic high frequency acquisition system installed aboard a ship of opportunity. The health status of mussels has been assessed by measuring a condition index and gametogenesis has been followed by histology. Selected biological responses to environmental stress were detected using a multimarker approach including expression of genes involved in chemical stress response and energetic metabolism, and cellular immune parameters. Environmental parameters showed deep seasonal variations which differed among sites. Most biological responses followed a seasonal pattern. Late winter and spring corresponded to an active reproduction period in the Bay of Brest. Earlier spawning was observed in harbor areas compared to the oceanic site and an altered physiological state was assumed in commercial harbor mussels during the reproductive period, suggesting that their health is compromised at this time of year. However, no signs of severe chemical stress were detected in both harbor mussel populations, which could reflect adaptive responses to adverse environmental conditions.

Published
2017
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3. Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the Immunocompetence of two Bivalves Species (

Author

Emilie Lacaze, M. Fournier, P. Brousseau, A. Beaudry, Michel Auffret, A. Jobin-Piché, S. Masson, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, ecotoxicological evaluation, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, Fjord, RM1-950, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Article, E1, RA1190-1270, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pharmacology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Mytilus, Salinity, Fishery, Toxicology. Poisons, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Immunocompetence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Bivalves are filter feeders widely used in ecotoxicological monitoring because of their sensitivity to contaminants present in the environment. [...]

Published
2019
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4. Les biomarqueurs comme outils de surveillance dans le contexte de la directive-cadre sur l'eau : concept, avis et avancement de l'expertise

Author

Arnaud Chaumot, Olivier Geffard, Cédric Fisson, Michel Auffret, Thomas Milinkovitch, Catherine Mouneyrac, Benoit Xuereb, Olivier Perceval, Emilie Egea, Wilfried Sanchez, Alain Geffard, Christophe Minier, FONDATION ROVALTAIN FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Le Havre Normandie - UFR Sciences et Techniques (ULHN UFR ST), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), and French biodiversity agency (AFB)

Subjects
Computer science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Ecotoxicology, 01 natural sciences, Hazardous Substances, Water Framework Directive, Ecological monitoring, Contaminants, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Conservation of Water Resources, Ecology, Environmental Biomarkers, Water Pollution, Water, General Medicine, Research needs, Biodiversity, Pollution, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecological significance, Water Resources, Biomonitoring strategy, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; TheWater Framework Directive (WFD) currently supports chemical and ecological monitoring programmes in order to achieve the good water surface status. Although chemical and ecological assessments are necessary, they have some limitations. Chemical approaches focus on certain substances identified as priorities, but they do not take into account other potentially harmful substances and also ignore the hazards related to contaminant cocktails. On the other hand, while ecological approaches provide holistic information on the impairment of biological communities in ecosystems, they do not distinguish the role of contaminants in these alterations, and consequently do not allow the establishment of contaminant impact reduction plans. Consequently, ecotoxicologists suggest the use of effect-based tools such as biomarkers. Biomarkers highlight the effect of potentially harmful substances (or a cocktail), and their specificity towards the chemicalsmakes it possible to properly discriminate the role of toxicantswithin biological community impairments. Thus, the integration of such tools (besides existing chemical and ecological tools) in the WFD could considerably improve its biomonitoring strategy. The B n' B project (Biomarkers and Biodiversity) exposes key objectives that will allow to (i) establish an inventory of the biomarkers developed by French laboratories; (ii) determine their methodological advancement and limits and, on this basis, formulate recommendations for biomonitoring use and future research needs; (iii) discuss the biomarkers' ecological significance, specificity to contaminants and interpretation capacity; (iv) establish, in fine, a selection of valuable biomarkers to enter the WFD; and (iv) propose integrative tools to facilitate the decision-taking by stakeholders.

Published
2018
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5. Field biomonitoring using the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis following immunotoxic reponses. Is there a need to separate the two species?

Author

Stéphane Betoulle, Elise David, Pierre-Luc Cloutier, Pauline Brousseau, Michel Auffret, Mélanie Desrosiers, Lauris Evariste, Paule Emilie Groleau, Michel Fournier, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre d'expertise en Analyse Environnementale du Québec, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, This work was supported by the Champagne-Ardenne Region (France), by the Canadian Chair in Environmental Immunotoxicology, by the CFQCU (Conseil Franco-Québécois de Coopération Universitaire, 2014/138) and by a grant from both ANR and NSERC (STPGP-430539-2012) Agencies (joined France-Canada project) as a part of the research programme IPOC (Interactions between POllution and Climate changes: Development of improved monitoring strategy, ANR-12-ISV7-0004-01, 2013–2015)., and ANR-12-ISV7-0004,IPOC,Interactions entre la POllution et les Changements climatiques : développement d'une nouvelle stratégie de surveillance(2012)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hemocytes, Quagga mussel, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Bivalvia, Fresh Water, Environmental pollution, Introduced species, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, biology, General Medicine, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pollution, Bioaccumulation, 6. Clean water, MESH: Introduced Species, MESH: Seafood, MESH: Water Pollutants, Chemical, MESH: Fresh Water, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Sentinel species, Zoology, Dreissena, MESH: Rivers, Rivers, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MESH: Immune System, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Dreissenids, MESH: Hemocytes, Mussel, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Dreissena, Bivalvia, MESH: Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Seafood, 13. Climate action, Immune System, Biomonitoring, Zebra mussel, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Introduced Species, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha constitutes an extensively used sentinel species for biomonitoring in European and North American freshwater systems. However, this invasive species is gradually replaced in freshwater ecosystem by Dreissena bugensis, a closely related dreissenid species that shares common morphological characteristics but possess some physiological differences. However, few are known about differences on more integrated physiological processes that are generally used as biomarkers in biological monitoring studies. Declining of zebra mussel populations raises the question of the sustainability of using one or both species indifferently to maintain the quality of environmental pollution monitoring data. In our study, we performed a field comparative study measuring immune-related markers and bioaccumulation of PCBs, PAHs and PBDEs in sympatrically occurring mussel populations from three sites of the St. Lawrence River. For tested organisms, species were identified using RFLP analysis. Measurement of bioaccumulated organic compounds indicated a higher accumulation of PCBs and PBDEs in D. bugensis soft tissues compared to D. polymorpha while no differences were noticed for PAHs. Results of hemocytic parameters highlighted that differences of hemocyte distributions were associated to modulations of phagocytic activities. Moreover, marked differences occurred in measurement of hemocytic oxidative activity, indicating divergences between the two species for ROS regulation strategies. This physiological characteristic may deeply influence species responses facing environmental or pollution related stress and induce bias if the two species are not differentiated in further biomarker or bioaccumulation measurement-based studies.

Published
2018
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6. Cellular and biochemical responses of the oyster Crassostrea gigas to controlled exposures to metals and Alexandrium minutum

Author

Audrey Bruneau, Michel Auffret, Ricardo Riso, Nelly Le Goïc, Claudie Quéré, Hansy Haberkorn, Christophe Lambert, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés [Plouzané] (LPI), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and ANR-06-SEST-0023,MODECOPHY,Modélisation des mécanismes de contamination des coquillages par des phycotoxines(2006)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Hemocytes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Lipid peroxidation, Oysters, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phagocytosis, biology.animal, Botany, Hemolymph, Harmful algae, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Crassostrea, Physiological effects, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diacylglycerol kinase, Toxin accumulation, biology, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Dinoflagellate, food and beverages, Lipid metabolism, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Metals, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dinoflagellida, Marine Toxins, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Copper, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Cadmium
Abstract

International audience; Effects of simultaneous exposure of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, to both a harmful dinoflagellate that produces Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST), Alexandrium minutum, and cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), were assessed. Oysters were exposed to a mix of Cd-Cu with two different diets (i.e. A. minutum or Tisochrysis lutea) and compared to control oysters fed A. minutum or T. lutea, respectively, without metal addition. Metals and PST accumulations, digestive gland lipid composition, and cellular and biochemical hemolymph variables were measured after 4 days of exposure. Oysters exposed to Cd-Cu accumulated about thirty-six times less PSTs than oysters exposed to A. minutum alone. Exposure to Cd-Cu induced significant changes in neutral lipids (increase in diacylglycerol - DAG - and decrease in sterols) and phospholipids (decreases in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate) of digestive gland suggesting that lipid metabolism disruptions and/or lipid peroxidation have occurred. Simultaneously, concentrations, percentages of dead cells and phenoloxidase activity of hemocytes increased in oysters exposed to metals while reactive oxygen species production of hemocytes decreased. Feeding on the harmful dinoflagellate A. minutum resulted in significant decreases in monoacylglycerol (MAG) and DAG and ether glycerides (EG), as well as significant increases in hemocyte concentration and phagocytic activity as compared to oysters fed T. lutea. Finally, the present study revealed that short-term, simultaneous exposure to Cd-Cu and A. minutum may induce antagonistic (i.e. hemocyte concentration and phagocytosis) or synergic (i.e. DAG content in digestive gland) effects upon cellular and tissular functions in oysters.

Published
2014
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7. Comparisons of liver proteomes in the European flounder Platichthys flesus from three contrasted estuaries

Author

Michel Auffret, Vianney Pichereau, Louis Quiniou, Claire Galland, Cécile Dupuy, Carole Capitaine, Jean Laroche, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Sentinel species, Platichthys flesus, Vitelline membrane, Liver Proteomics, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Juvenile, 14. Life underwater, EUROPEAN FLOUNDER, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Estuary, Biomarker, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Platichthys, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Proteome
Abstract

International audience; Estuaries are important areas highly susceptible to anthropogenic degradations like pollution. Estuarine species have thus to cope with many types of constraints depending on the estuaries' characteristics. The European flounder Platichthys flesus is considered as a sentinel species for the monitoring of estuarine water quality. In this study, juvenile flounders (0+ group) were sampled from three contrasted Channel estuaries, i.e. the Seine, the Canche and the Tamar, and we characterized their liver proteomes by using a two-dimensional electrophoresis based proteomic approach. We showed that 27 protein spots differentially accumulated between the 3 populations. Six of these proteins were identified by MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Flounders from the Seine and from the Tamar, two highly polluted estuaries, displayed common differences, i.e. an increase of the energetic- and the glutathione-metabolism. The most accumulated protein in the Seine's samples (6.7-fold) was a Vitelline Membrane Outer layer protein 1 homolog, suggesting oogenesis deregulation in these juvenile (sexually immature) flounders. Future works applying this kind of proteomic approach on flounders experimentally exposed to conditions that mimic environmental constraints will help to better understand the significance of these environmental proteomic signatures.

Published
2013
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8. Variations in gene expression levels in four European zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, populations in relation to metal bioaccumulation: A field study

Author

Elodie Kerambrun, Lauris Evariste, Alain Geffard, Elise David, Damien Rioult, Laurence Delahaut, Michel Auffret, Sandrine Pain-Devin, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Plateau technique de cytométrie environnementale MOBICYTE, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by a grant from both ANR and NSERC Agencies (joined France-Canada project) as a part of the research program IPOC (Interactions between Pollution and Climate changes: development of improved monitoring strategy, ANR-12-ISV7-0004-01, 2013–2015)., and ANR-12-ISV7-0004,IPOC,Interactions entre la POllution et les Changements climatiques : développement d'une nouvelle stratégie de surveillance(2012)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0211 other engineering and technologies, Zoology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Dreissena, Biomonitoring, Gene expression, Metallothionein, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, biology, ATP synthase, Ecology, ACL, Energetic metabolism, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Zebra mussel, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Catalase, Metals, Oxidative stress, Bioaccumulation, biology.protein, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Detoxification
Abstract

International audience; The present study was performed to validate the suitability of using gene expression in zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, for biomonitoring of freshwater environment. Mussels were collected in four French rivers (Meuse, Moselle, Oise and Vilaine) in spring and autumn. Relative gene expression of 9 candidate genes involved in cellular metabolic activities (Cytochrome-c-oxidase - cox, and ATP synthase - atp), detoxification process (Metallothionein - mt and Glutathion-S-Transferase - gst), oxidative stress (Catalase - cat, Superoxyde Dismutase - sod and Glutathion peroxidase - gpx) and digestive functions (Amylase - amy and Cellulase - ghf) were measured in digestive gland. Metal bioaccumulation in tissues and morphometric parameters were also analyzed to interpret molecular responses. All our results are consistent with different physiological reactions to environmental condition between zebra mussel populations. In spring, the levels of mt, sod, gpx, cat, atp, amy and ghf relative expression were significantly higher in mussels with the lowest metal bioaccumulation (the Meuse) compared to at least one of the other sites. In autumn, this higher expression levels in Meuse River were still observed for gpx, cat, atp and amy. This study has also pointed out different sources of variability in gene expression (individual size, season, trophic resources and origin of mussels) which are inevitable in natural fluctuant environment. This underlines the importance to take them into account in field study to propose a correct interpretation of biomarker responses.

Published
2016
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9. Comparative sequence analysis of Hsp70 gene from Mytilus edulis desolationis and Aulacomya ater of the Kerguelen Islands

Author

Stéphane Betoulle, F. Caza, Michel Fournier, Pauline Brousseau, Michel Auffret, and Yves St-Pierre

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Sequence analysis, Hsp70 gene, Zoology, RM1-950, Toxicology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Hsp70, Kerguelen, RA1190-1270, 14. Life underwater, mussels, Aulacomya ater, Mytilus desolationis, Pharmacology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Mytilus, Fishery, Toxicology. Poisons, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Aulacomya
Abstract

Circumpolar studies have provided strong evidence of the vulnerability of marine ecosys- tems in response to anthropogenic activities. [...]

Published
2016

10. Effect of temperature on immunocompetence of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

Author

Michel Auffret, Stéphane Masson, Pauline Brousseau, M. Fournier, Alexandre Beaudry, and Marlène Fortier

Subjects
Cellular immunity, Gonad, Mytilus edulis, chemistry.chemical_element, RM1-950, bivalves, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Article, immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, RA1190-1270, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Viability assay, Food science, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, Cadmium, Ecology, temperature, biology.organism_classification, mussels, Pollution, Mytilus, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Toxicology. Poisons, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Lysozyme, Immunocompetence, Blue mussel
Abstract

The blue mussel is a filter-feeding bivalve commonly used in ecotoxicological monitoring as a sentinel species. Due to climate change and the increase of temperature expected in marine environment, it is important to anticipate potential impacts on this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunocompetence of blue mussels acclimated to different temperatures and on the effects of increasing temperatures (5, 10 and 20°C). Different indices and gonad maturation stages were also determined throughout the experiments. Cell viability, phagocytosis, serum lysozyme activity and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity were evaluated as immune parameters. The cellular immunity was also evaluated after hemocytes exposure to various cadmium concentrations in vitro. The results obtained demonstrate modulation of hemocyte viability and the ability of these cells to phagocytize in absence of contaminants. After the exposure to cadmium, hemocytes showed greater viability at 5°C while maintaining a higher phagocytic competence. In addition, the lysozyme activity stayed stable at all tested temperatures, contrary to that of COX, which increased when the mussels were maintained at 20°C. The evaluation of indices demonstrated no reduction of general conditions during all the experiment despite the increase of temperature and the reduction of the digestive gland weight. Moreover, the lack of food does not affect gonad maturation and the spawning process.

Published
2016
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11. Effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of diuron on oyster genitors during gametogenesis: responses of early molecular and cellular markers and physiological impacts

Author

Evelyne Bachère, Farida Akcha, Dominique Ménard, Abdellah Benabdelmouna, Thierry Burgeot, R. Rondon Sallan, Cinta Porte, A. Szczybelski, David Piquemal, Julien Rouxel, Pablo Alonso, Giorgio Dimastrogiovanni, C. Heude Berthelin, Audrey Barranger, Michel Auffret, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), ACOBIOM, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), Amélioration génétique, du contrôle des performances et de la santé des mollusques marins (AGSAE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-CESA-0016,GIMEPEC,Génotoxicité, IMmunotoxicité et rEprotoxicité des Pesticides chez Crassostrea gigas(2011), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oyster, Hemocytes, Histology, DNA repair, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Gametogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Gene expression, Botany, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Crassostrea, Gene, Steroid, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Herbicides, Reproduction, ACL, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], RT-qPCR, Immunity, General Medicine, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Cell biology, Pesticide, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Diuron, DNA methylation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Genitors of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were submitted during gametogenesis to a short pulse exposure to the herbicide diuron at a realistic environmental concentration. Histological analysis showed no effect of diuron on gametogenesis course, sex ratio and reproductive effort. A non-significant increase in testosterone and progesterone levels was observed in genitors exposed to the herbicide. At cell level, diuron exposure was shown to modulate the phagocytic activity of circulating hemocytes. The results of a transcriptional analysis showed that diuron affected the expression of genes belonging to functions known to play a major role during oyster gametogenesis such as gene transcription regulation, DNA replication and repair, DNA methylation and cytokinesis. Taking into account the results we previously obtained on the same genitors, this study showed a negative effect of diuron on oyster reproduction by inducing both structural and functional modifications of the DNA

Published
2016
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12. Multiple experimental approaches of immunotoxic effects of mercury chloride in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, through in vivo, in tubo and in vitro exposures

Author

Matthieu Duchemin, Marlène Fortier, Jocelyne Pellerin, Nathalie Wessel, Yves Morin, Michel Fournier, Michel Auffret, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), and Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)

Subjects
Hemocytes, Mytilus edulis, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Physiology, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Phagocytosis, Toxicity Tests, Individual exposure, Animals, Ecotoxicology, Potency, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Cell Death, Bivalve, Hormesis, Mercury, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Clearance rate, Pollution, Mytilus, Mercury (element), Immune system, chemistry, Mercuric Chloride, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Toxicity, Blue mussel
Abstract

International audience; Biological impairments due to mercury discharge into the environment are now an issue of global concern. From the three forms of mercury found in aquatic ecosystems, the immunotoxic effects of mercury chloride were examined in the model animal, the blue mussel. In order to investigate the toxic potency of this chemical, three exposure regimes were carried out: chronic exposure of groups of individuals, a new protocol "in tubo" designed for sub-acute exposures of individuals, and acute exposures of target cells. Chronic exposure revealed significant immunotoxic effects after 7 days at 10−6 M, while acute exposures showed significant inhibition of phagocytosis at 10−4 M and 10−3 M. In sub-acute exposures both circulating haemocytes and haemocyte mortality increased at 10−4 M and 10−3 M while phagocytosis and the clearance rate drew hormetic toxic effects on healthy individuals. These results suggest the use of the "in tubo" design for bivalve toxicological individual studies.

Published
2008
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13. Genotoxic and immunotoxic potential effects of selected psychotropic drugs and antibiotics on blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) hemocytes

Author

Michel Fournier, Julie Pedelucq, Pauline Brousseau, Emilie Lacaze, Marlène Fortier, Michel Auffret, Hélène Budzinski, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), This study was funded under the task 3 of the ANR/NSERC International Research Program IPOC (Interaction between POllution and Climate changes)., and ANR-12-ISV7-0004,IPOC,Interactions entre la POllution et les Changements climatiques : développement d'une nouvelle stratégie de surveillance(2012)

Subjects
Hemocytes, Cell Survival, Mytilus edulis, medicine.drug_class, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibiotics, Erythromycin, Intracellular R, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Pharmacology, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Phagocytosis, Hemolymph, medicine, Animals, Invertebrate, Mode of action, Comet assay, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Psychotropic Drugs, 0303 health sciences, Sulfamethoxazole, ACL, General Medicine, Pollution, Trimethoprim, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Pharmaceuticals, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Reactive Oxygen Species, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Genotoxicity, DNA Damage, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; The potential toxicity of pharmaceuticals towards aquatic invertebrates is still poorly understood and sometimes controversial. This study aims to document the in vitro genotoxicity and immunotoxicity of psychotropic drugs and antibiotics on Mytilus edulis. Mussel hemocytes were exposed to fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and erythromycin, at concentrations ranging from μg/L to mg/L. Paroxetine at 1.5 μg/L led to DNA damage while the same concentration of venlafaxine caused immunomodulation. Fluoxetine exposure resulted in genotoxicity, immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity. In the case of antibiotics, trimethoprim was genotoxic at 200 μg/L and immunotoxic at 20 mg/L whereas erythromycin elicited same detrimental effects at higher concentrations. DNA metabolism seems to be a highly sensitive target for psychotropic drugs and antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds affect the immune system of bivalves, with varying intensity. This attests the relevance of these endpoints to assess the toxic mode of action of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.

Published
2015
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14. A selection of reference genes and early-warning mRNA biomarkers for environmental monitoring using Mytilus spp. as sentinel species

Author

Michel Auffret, V. Coquillé, Dario Moraga, Camille Lacroix, J. Guyomarch, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), Cedre, and ANR-12-ISV7-0004,IPOC,Interactions entre la POllution et les Changements climatiques : développement d'une nouvelle stratégie de surveillance(2012)

Subjects
Gill, Gills, animal structures, Sentinel species, mRNA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Reference genes, Animals, 14. Life underwater, RNA, Messenger, Mytilus spp, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Genetics, Mytilus, 0303 health sciences, Messenger RNA, Ecology, ACL, Mussel, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Gastrointestinal Tract, qPCR, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Biomonitoring, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Multivariate Analysis, Biomarker (medicine), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; mRNA biomarkers are promising tools for environmental health assessment and reference genes are needed to perform relevant qPCR analyses in tissue samples of sentinel species. In the present study, potential reference genes and mRNA biomarkers were tested in the gills and digestive glands of native and caged mussels (Mytilus spp.) exposed to harbor pollution. Results highlighted the difficulty to find stable reference genes in wild, non-model species and suggested the use of normalization indices instead of single genes as they exhibit a higher stability. Several target genes were found differentially expressed between mussel groups, especially in gills where cyp32, pi-gst and CuZn-sod mRNA levels could be biomarker candidates. Multivariate analyses confirmed the ability of mRNA levels to highlight site-effects and suggested the use of several combined markers instead of individual ones. These findings support the use of qPCR technology and mRNA levels as early-warning biomarkers in marine monitoring programs.

Published
2014
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15. Mitochondrial activity, hemocyte parameters and lipid composition modulation by dietary conditioning in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Author

Edouard Kraffe, Michel Auffret, Philippe Soudant, Tony Dudognon, Christophe Lambert, Claudie Quéré, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés [Plouzané] (LPI), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Gills, Male, 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Hemocytes, Physiology, Mitochondrion, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Superoxides, Microalgae, Citrate synthase, Phospholipids, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Fatty Acids, Pacific oyster, Mitochondria, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Crassostrea, Female, Cell Survival, Membrane lipids, Phospholipid, Citrate (si)-Synthase, Membrane Lipids, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, Diet, chemistry, Crassostrea gigas, biology.protein, Cytochromes, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Several parameters can affect membrane lipid composition in bivalves, including diet. Although two fatty acids (FA) 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 are essential membrane components, they are sparingly synthesized by bivalves and must be obtained from their diet. Here, effects of dietary modifications of membrane lipid composition were studied at both cellular and subcellular levels in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. To this end, we compared oysters fed two monoalgal diets that differed markedly in their FA composition and a mix of both. As expected, algae impacted phospholipids, in particular 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3, reflecting differences of dietary microalgae FA composition. Meantime, total saturated FA, total monounsaturated FA, total polyunsaturated FA and total non-methylene-interrupted FA varied little and phospholipid class composition was only slightly affected by diets. Measures made in hemocytes indicated that only mitochondrial membrane potential was affected by diets. Total ROS production as well as mitochondrial superoxide production did not differ with diet. There was no difference in phosphorylating (state 3) and non-phosphorylating (state 4) rates of oxygen consumption rates or in cytochrome c oxidase activity of mitochondria isolated from gills between the three diets. Similarly, neither cytochromes a, b, c or c 1 content nor citrate synthase activities were changed, suggesting that number and morphology of mitochondria were not affected by dietary treatment. These results suggest that oysters could possess high homeostatic capabilities, at both cellular and subcellular levels, to minimize the effect of dietary FA and related membrane lipid FA modifications on mitochondrial functions. These capabilities could be a means to face variations in diet composition in their natural environment and to preserve important oyster physiological functions such as growth and reproduction.

Published
2014
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16. An integrated environmental approach to investigate biomarker fluctuations in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. in the Vilaine estuary, France

Author

Hansy Haberkorn, Laurent Lagadic, Micheline Heydorff, Emilie Farcy, Thierry Burgeot, Jean-Pierre Allenou, Nicolas Mazzella, Michel Auffret, Thierry Caquet, Dominique Ménard, Hélène Budzinski, Romain Pete, Florence Mondeguer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire Cotier Morbihan Pays de Loire, Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseaux épuration et qualité des eaux (UR REBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll, Hemocytes, Mytilus edulis, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Malondialdehyde, Phycotoxins, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Temperature, General Medicine, Catalase, Pollution, Mytilus, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Acetylcholinesterase, France, Seasons, Estuaries, Blue mussel, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental fluctuations, Confounding factors, Biology, Algal bloom, Organic contaminants, Reproductive cycle, Phagocytosis, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Vitellins, Benzopyrene Hydroxylase, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phycotoxin, geography, Herbicides, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Chlorophyll A, Water Pollution, fungi, Estuary, Mussel, biology.organism_classification, Oxidative Stress, 13. Climate action, Reactive Oxygen Species, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Estuarine areas represent complex and highly changing environments at the interface between freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the aquatic organisms living in estuaries have to face highly variable environmental conditions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of environmental changes from either natural or anthropogenic origins on the physiological responses of Mytilus edulis. Mussels were collected in the Vilaine estuary during early summer because this season represents a critical period of active reproduction in mussels and of increased anthropogenic inputs from agricultural and boating activities into the estuary. The physiological status of the mussel M. edulis was evaluated through measurements of a suite of biomarkers related to: oxidative stress (catalase, malondialdehyde), detoxication (benzopyrene hydroxylase, carboxylesterase), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase), reproductive cycle (vitelline, condition index, maturation stages), immunotoxicity (hemocyte concentration, granulocyte percentage, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, oxidative burst), and general physiological stress (lysosomal stability). A selection of relevant organic contaminant (pesticides, (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls) was measured as well as environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, turbidity, chlorophyll a, pheopigments) and mussel phycotoxin contamination. Two locations differently exposed to the plume of the Vilaine River were compared. Both temporal and inter-site variations of these biomarkers were studied. Our results show that reproduction cycle and environmental parameters such as temperature, organic ontaminants, and algal blooms could strongly influence the biomarker responses. These observations highlight the necessity to conduct integrated environmental approaches in order to better understand the causes of biomarker variations.

Published
2013
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17. In vivo effects of the soluble fraction of light cycle oil on immune functions in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linné)

Author

Jose L. Zambonino-Infante, Claire Quentel, Hélène Thomas-Guyon, David Mazurais, Michel Auffret, Anne Bado-Nilles, Stéphane Le Floch, Laboratoire de Ploufragan - Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire Adaptation Reproduction et Nutrition des poissons marins (ARN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), and Cedre

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Immune parameters, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Light cycle oil, Leukocytes, Bile, Petroleum Pollution, Food science, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Muscles, Acenaphthene, General Medicine, Pollution, Bioaccumulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dicentrarchus, Lysozyme, Fuel Oils, Spleen, Naphthalenes, 03 medical and health sciences, Necrosis, medicine, Animals, Dicentrarchus labrax, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Sea bass, Leucocytes, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Inflammation, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Exposure, Phenanthrene, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, 13. Climate action, Immune System, Bass, Gene expression
Abstract

International audience; Hydrocarbons are major contaminants that may affect biota at various trophic levels in estuaries and coastal ecosystems. The effects of accidental pollution by light cycle oil (LCO), a refined product of heavy fuel oil, on bioaccumulation, depuration processes and immune-related parameters in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, were investigated in the laboratory after 7 days of exposure and a 2-week recovery period. Exposure of fish to the soluble fraction of LCO (1600 ng L(-1)) for 7 days led to the bioaccumulation of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in muscles: naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene. After 7 days of recovery period, half-elimination of naphthalene was reported in fish muscles due to facilitated diffusive loss by the epithelium and a faster elimination rate proven by the presence of a high level of naphthalene biliary metabolites. The other bioaccumulated molecules displayed a slower deputation rate due to their elimination by the formation of hydrophobic metabolites excreted through bile or urine. Three days after the beginning of the recovery period, each contaminated fish showed severe external lesions (tissue necrosis, suppurative exudates, haemorrhagic area). The hypothesis of a possible link with inflammatory phenomenon was supported by (i) an inversion of the leucocyte sub-population percentage, (ii) a significant up-expression in the spleen of the tumour necrosis factor alpha gene, (iii) a significant increase in ACH(50). Moreover, the lack of C3 gene regulation in the spleen suggested a non-renewal of this component. The reduction of phagocytic activity and lysozyme concentration reflected immune suppression. Finally, LCO toxicity in this fish was clearly demonstrated to be related to inflammatory reaction and immune depletion.

Published
2011
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18. In vivo effects of LCO soluble fraction on immune-related functions and gene transcription in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)

Author

Nicole Faury, Michel Auffret, Tristan Renault, Hélène Thomas-Guyon, Stéphane Le Floch, Anne Bado-Nilles, Claire Quentel, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), Cedre, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Site de Ploufragan-Plouzané (AFSSA), Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Oyster, Transcription, Genetic, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Immune parameters, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Light cycle oil, biology.animal, Gene expression, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Crassostrea, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, fungi, food and beverages, Aquatic animal, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Bioaccumulation, Enzyme assay, Petroleum, Gene transcription, Environmental chemistry, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, biology.protein, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; The effects of a soluble fraction of light cycle oil (LCO) on haemocyte parameters, phenoloxidase (PO) activity and mRNA expression of immune-related genes, in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were tested after seven days of exposure and two weeks of recovery period. Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) out of ten detected in tank water had bioaccumulated at the end of the contamination period. The concentration of PAHs in oyster tissues decreased during the recovery period and 14 days after the exposure, 69% of bioaccumulated PAHs were detected in contaminated oysters. The exposure induced severe oyster mortality (21%), external and internal green colouration of the shell and a significant decrease of PO activity. The mRNA expression of several genes was altered. As a conclusion, a modulation of immune-related parameters was demonstrated using three different approaches, namely cellular (flow cytometry), biochemical (spectrophotometry) and genomics (gene transcription) in oysters after contact with soluble fraction of LCO.

Published
2009
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19. Immune effects of HFO on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Author

Hélène Thomas-Guyon, Béatrice Gagnaire, Tristan Renault, Anne Bado-Nilles, Stéphane Le Floch, Claire Quentel, Michel Auffret, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), Cedre, Site de Ploufragan-Plouzané (AFSSA), Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Time Factors, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Complement Pathway, Alternative, Pilot Projects, 010501 environmental sciences, Immune parameters, 01 natural sciences, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 0303 health sciences, biology, Cell Death, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Heavy fuel oil, General Medicine, Pacific oyster, 16. Peace & justice, Pollution, Bioaccumulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Crassostrea, Body Burden, Dicentrarchus, Fuel Oils, Environmental Monitoring, Fish Proteins, Zoology, Hemolysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Phagocytosis, Animals, Dicentrarchus labrax, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Sea bass, Phenoloxidase activity, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, Aquatic animal, biology.organism_classification, Ostreidae, Immunity, Innate, Fishery, 13. Climate action, Complement activity, Immune System, Crassostrea gigas, Antibody Formation, Bass, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; The European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to a soluble fraction of heavy fuel oil for 5 and 9 days, respectively. The organisms were then transferred to non-contaminated seawater for 1 month. The bioaccumulation and elimination of PAHs in contaminated tissues were dissimilar between species. In fish, acenaphthene and naphthalene were detected and naphthalene was still detectable 30 days after the beginning of the recovery period. In oysters, on the other hand, pyrene and phenanthrene were bioaccumulated and 14 days after exposure no more PAHs were detected. Concerning innate immune parameters, the increase of haemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway in fish and the reduction of phenoloxidase activity in oysters endured, respectively, 1 and 2 weeks in contaminated organisms. This indicates that these two enzymatic cascades could be quite useful for monitoring pollution by oil.

Published
2008
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20. Comparison of hemocyte parameters in the pericardial cavity and the adductor muscle sinus in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas using two types of flow cytometers

Author

Tristan Renault, Matthieu Duchemin, Michel Auffret, Hélène Thomas-Guyon, Béatrice Gagnaire, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés (CRELA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amélioration génétique, du contrôle des performances et de la santé des mollusques marins (AGSAE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Oyster, animal structures, Hemocytes, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, Phagocytosis, biology.animal, Hemolymph, medicine, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, fungi, Pericardial cavity, Becton dickinson, Anatomy, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Crassostrea
Abstract

Parameters of hemocyte populations have been considered as relevant indicators of bivalve health and are currently used in immunotoxicological studies. Hemocytes in hemolymph can be collected by puncturing either the pericardial cavity or the adductor muscle sinus with a syringe. Flow cytometry is a methodological approach that is increasingly being used in laboratories for the study of hemocyte parameters in aquatic invertebrates. However, various protocols for hemocyte processing in laboratories equipped with different types of cytometers have been published. In this context, two flow cytometers ( EPICS XL4 (R), Beckman Coulter and FacsCalibur (R), Becton Dickinson) and two sites of hemocyte collection ( pericardial cavity and adductor muscle sinus) were compared for the analysis of hemocyte parameters in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Hemolymph cells were analyzed in terms of their number and organelle contents. Cell mortality, phagocytosis, non specific esterase, extension of the lysosomal compartment and production of reactive oxygen species were quantified. The results showed that the phagocytic index was higher for hemocytes obtained in the muscle sinus hemolymph. The results are discussed with respect to the potential use of flow cytometry as a tool for hemocyte studies in bivalves.

Published
2008
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21. Flow cytometric measurement of the clearance rate in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the development of a new individual exposure system for aquatic immunotoxicological studies

Author

Matthieu Duchemin, Michel Fournier, Nathalie Wessel, Michel Auffret, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), and Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Mytilus edulis, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Physiology, Immune parameters, Ecotoxicology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Aquatic pollution, Individual exposure, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Physiological condition, Health condition, Environmental Exposure, General Medicine, Environmental exposure, Flow Cytometry, Bivalvia, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Clearance rate, Mytilus, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Blue mussel, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Animals in poor health condition are not relevant biological models. The current study focused on the use of the clearance rate of Mytilus edulis to assess the gross physiological condition of individuals maintained in stressful experimental conditions. This approach was developed in a new, highly controlled experimental exposure device designed to investigate individual responses in aquatic ecotoxicological studies. Both clearance rate values and immune parameters analysis indicated that the health condition of mussels kept in 50 ml tubes for 24 h or 48 h was not altered compared to controls, while most parameters were depressed after 72 h. Moreover, this study confirms the relevance of flow cytometric for the measurement of clearance rate compared to techniques utilizing microscopy. Current results prompted us to perform further 24 h chemical exposure using this "in tubo" device.

Published
2008
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22. Immunological and cytotoxicological responses of the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea (M.), experimentally exposed to cadmium

Author

J. F. Narbonne, Michel Auffret, Olivier Champeau, A. Bassères, Miren P. Cajaraville, Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country, Pôle R&D Mont/Lacq, and TOTAL FINA ELF

Subjects
Hemocytes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Phagocytosis, Clinical Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Ecotoxicology, Animals, Water Pollutants, Corbicula fluminea, freshwater, Mollusca, Corbicula, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Cadmium, biology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ecology, Bivalve, Bivalvia, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, haemocytes, Toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Immunocompetence, Lysosomes, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Bivalve molluscs, as filter-feeding organisms, are known to accumulate metals that can produce deleterious effects on organisms. The phagocytic activity of haemocytes and lysosomal alterations in the digestive gland cells were measured in the freshwater Asian clam exposed to cadmium, in order to assess the possible use of immunocompetence and lysosomal responses as biomarkers of freshwater quality. Clams were exposed in the laboratory to nominal concentrations of 3, 10, 21.4, 46.5 and 100 microg 1(-1) of cadmium and sampled after 7, 15 and 30 days of exposure. The results show a decrease of phagocytic activity after only 7 days of exposure to 10 microg 1(-1) of cadmium. This response was also observed as the exposure time was increased. Lysosomes in the digestive cells increased in size and number after 7 days of exposure as cadmium concentration increased. After 30 days of exposure, a decrease in size and number indicated a change in the response to the metal from concentrations of 46.5 microg 1(-1) of cadmium. A dose and time response both in phagocytic activity of haemocytes and lysosomal structure demonstrated a possible use of these biomarkers in freshwater biomonitoring.

Published
2007
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23. A multiparametric approach for monitoring immunotoxic responses in mussels from contaminated sites in Western Mediterranea

Author

Dario Moraga, Matthieu Duchemin, Sabrina Rousseau, Jacques Baron, Arnaud Tanguy, Michel Auffret, Isabelle Boutet, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire du Domaine Côtier, Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pollution, Geologic Sediments, Hemocytes, Environmental contamination, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Environmental pollution, Immunotoxicology, Population survey, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Phagocytosis, Metals, Heavy, Mediterranean Sea, Ecotoxicology, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Mollusca, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Immunotoxicological index, 0303 health sciences, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Contamination, Bivalvia, biology.organism_classification, Mytilus, 13. Climate action, Bivalve mollusks, Environmental chemistry, Immune System, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Pollution, Lysosomes, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; As a part of the multidisciplinary program Biological Effects of Environmental Pollution in Marine Coastal Ecosystems of the European Commission, this study aimed to validate immunological alterations as biomarkers of exposure to chemical contamination in polluted areas of Western Mediterranea. The status of the immune system has been assessed in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) by measuring several immunopathological and immunocompetence parameters. Alterations of total hemocyte counts, lysosomal stability, and phagocytosis were among the most reliable effects observed in polluted sites and suggested immunosuppressive conditions in contaminated mussels. An immunotoxicological index was calculated from the set of individual data. By providing a single value per sampling station to score immunological alterations in mussels, this novel approach allowed recognition of a gradient of perturbation correlated to pollution intensity in two of the three sites monitored. Processing a set of biological parameters by this method was found to increase the ecotoxicological relevance of such multiparametric studies for the assessement of chemical contamination in coastal waters.

Published
2006
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24. Size distribution effects of cadmium tellurium quantum dots (CdS/CdTe) immunotoxicity on aquatic organisms

Author

Michel Auffret, Christian Gagnon, Audrey Bruneau, Marlène Fortier, François Gagné, Michel Fournier, Thomas A Davis, P. Turcotte, Azam F. Tayabali, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fluvial Ecosystem Research, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau (HECSB), Health Canada, CSA, and Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

Subjects
Hemocytes, Cell Survival, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Sulfides, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Phagocytosis, Quantum Dots, Cadmium Compounds, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Particle Size, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cadmium, biology, Chemistry, Macrophages, Elliptio, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, Bivalvia, Membrane, Quantum dot, Oncorhynchus mykiss, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Particle size, Tellurium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The increasing use of products derived from nanotechnology has raised concern about their potential toxicity to aquatic life. This study sought to examine the comparative immunotoxicity of capped cadmium sulphide/cadmium telluride (CdS/CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) and possible impact of particle/aggregate size on two bivalves (Mytilus edulis and Elliptio complanata) and a fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The QDs were dispersed in sterile water and fractionated using a series of micro/ultrafiltration membranes of decreasing pore size: 450 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm, 25 nm, 100 kDa (6.8 nm), 30 kDa (4.6 nm), 10 kDa (3.2 nm) and 1 kDa (1.5 nm). The total concentrations of cadmium and tellurium were determined for the filtered material and for that retained on the filters (retentate). The immunotoxicity was determined by measuring cell viability and phagocytosis. Results revealed that nanoparticles retained on the ultrafilters had a higher Cd/Te ratio compared to the permeate fraction (ratio of 5 and 2 respectively) which could indicate that the CdS core was not associated with the permeable fraction of Cd. Our results demonstrate that the toxicity of CdS/CdTe QDs was concentration and size dependent. Large CdS/CdTe QD aggregates (25 nm < size < 100 nm) reduced phagocytosis more than did smaller nanoparticles (

Published
2013
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