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Thick electrode design with a high mass loading of active materials is a promising strategy to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the development toward thick electrode is severely limited by electrode mechanical instability and sluggish electronic/ionic transport (causing especially rate capability). Herein, ultrahigh-capacity thick LiFePO4 (UCT-LFP)-based freestanding electrodes with vertically-aligned channels are prepared by a phase inversion method. Their porous yet conductive matrix provides the high electronic conductivity and facilitates the permeation of liquid electrolyte, while the unique vertically-aligned micro-channels serve as the fast ion/electron transport pathways. Consequently, the UCT-LFP electrode with a high mass loading of 20 mg cm−2 shows a superior rate capability (110 mA h g−1 at 10 C) and an enhanced cycling performance. Notably, an ultra-thick LFP electrode (1.3 mm thick) with a remarkably high areal capacity (15.1 mA h cm−2) has been successfully achieved. This study provides a novel strategy for constructing thick electrodes toward high energy density LIBs.

Little is known about how multiple factors including land-based inputs and ocean currents affect the spatiotemporal distribution of the mycoplankton in coastal regions. To explore the seasonal changes of mycoplanktonic communities and potential environmental drivers, we collected water samples from the Yellow Sea, used here as a model for subtropical sea habitats, in different seasons over two years. Compared with winter and spring, summer exhibited higher levels of fungal richness and community heterogeneity in the water column. The seasonal shifts in mycoplankton diversity and community composition were mainly ascribed to freshwater inputs, the Cold Water Mass and invasion of the Yellow Sea Warm Current. Among the physicochemical variables tested, temperature was the primary determinant of fungal diversity and showed contrasting influences on fungal richness in the surface and bottom waters during summer. In addition, we provide evidence for the community similarity and dissolved nutrients of different water bodies to highlight the potential origin of the Cold Water Mass. Our findings bring new understanding on the factors determining the dynamics of mycoplankton communities by modelling the influence of physicochemical variables and tracking the geographical distribution of certain fungal taxa.

In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT) based nanocomposites with high mass fraction are proposed by in-situ bridging carbon matrix into CNT paper through optimized chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). Nanoinfiltration behavior of CNTs is basically investigated under the CVI process. The contact between each CNT can be strengthened and the conductive pathways can be established, resulting in the better mechanical and electrical properties. Compared with the pristine CNT paper, the CNT/C composite after pyrolysis process confirms a remarkable advance in tensile strength (up to 310 ± 13 MPa) and Young's modulus (up to 2.4 ± 0.1 GPa). Besides, a notable feature of electrical conductivity also shows an improvement up to 8.5 S/cm, which can be attributed to the mass fraction of CNT (41 wt%) breaking the limits of percolation thresholds and the efficient densification of this sample to establish the conductive pathways. This study has a broad application in the development of the multi-functional electrical and engineering materials.

The catalytic room temperature oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is widely considered as a viable method for the abatement of indoor toxic HCHO pollution. Herein, Pt/MnO2 nanoflowers anchored to boron nitride aerogels (Pt/MnO2 -BN) were fabricated for the catalytic room temperature oxidation of HCHO. The three-dimensional Pt/MnO2 -BN aerogels demonstrated superior catalytic activity as a result of the improved diffusion of the reactant molecules within the porous structure. Furthermore, the porous aerogels displayed excellent HCHO adsorption capacities, which promote a rapid HCHO gas-phase concentration reduction and a subsequent complete oxidation of the adsorbed HCHO. The combined adsorption and oxidation properties of the Pt/MnO2 -BN aerogels enhance the oxidative removal of HCHO. The optimized Pt/MnO2 -BN demonstrated excellent catalytic activity toward HCHO (200 ppm) at room temperature, achieving a 96 % formaldehyde conversion after 50 min.

Although the great demand for high-energy-density batteries has inspired the renewed interest of rechargeable lithium metal batteries that use metallic lithium as the anode, short lifespan and serious safety risks caused by the substantial volume change of the Li electrode during plating/stripping and the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites are two main issues of Li metal anode. In this study, a new 3D Cu current collector with a pore structure of vertical micro-channels coated with a lithiophilic Li-Sb interphase is prepared via a facile synthesis procedure. The introduced lithiophilic interphase can dramatically reduce the Li nucleation barrier to inhibit the formation of Li dendrites. The vertical micro-channels pore structure can effectively lower the local current density to regulate a smooth Li deposition. Consequently, the symmetrical cells with the hybrid architecture substrate demonstrates an ultra-long lifespan over 2000 h at 12 mA cm−2 for 12 mAh cm−2. Full cells made of such a 3D copper supported Li anode coupled with a LiFePO4 cathode with a similar architeture can achieve a remarkable retention of 91.23% at a high areal capacity (~ 6 mAh cm−2) over 150 cycles under a harsh condition (low N/P capacity ratio of 1.5).

After the bursting of the Zhuonai Lake in Hoh Xil, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in 2011, the water area and level of the Salt Lake increased rapidly. The lake area expanding would accelerate the melting of permafrost and contribute to many severe environmental issues, including the surface deformation around the lake. In this article, we retrieve the deformation of the permafrost area around the Salt lake using the time-series synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) method with ENVISAT and Sentinel-1A images from October 2006 to December 2018. In order to get more measurement points, the distributed scatterers were utilized. Moreover, a deformation model combining two components, long-term linear deformation related with temperature, was adopted in the InSAR processing. The experimental results show that before the outburst of the Zhuonai Lake, the ground deformation was not obvious with the mean deformation rate of −5 to 5 mm/year from the ENVISAT results. From 2014 to 2018, the ground deformation around the Salt Lake gradually increased with the maximum deformation rate over −25 mm/year. The water area and the water level of Salt Lake were extracted based on the SAR amplitude images and Cryosat-2 radar altimeter data, showing a rapid increasing trend after 2017. The time-series displacement in the south of lake shows a high correlation with the lake level history. This study clearly illustrate that time-series InSAR could provide valuable information for monitoring potential hazards in permafrost region.

In this work, the interconnected graphene scaffolds are prepared by three-dimensional (3D) printing for multifunctional gas detection with tunable sensitivity. The scaffolds with regularly aligned graphene conductive networks exhibit significant mechanical strength and high electrical stability to multi-direction deformation, which can be attributed to the typical core-shell structure of graphene and PVP. The resistance of the free-standing scaffolds can realize the real-time response to H2O and NO2, and the relative resistance change to 100 ppm H2O and 100 ppm NO2 can reach 2% and 2.5 %, respectively. The charge doping of the oxidizing gases is considered to be the main reason for various response sensitivities of the scaffolds with different orthogonal layers, in which the interconnected conductive network can generate a large specific surface area and significantly improving the adsorption of the target gases and the transfer of charge. The controllable fabrication of regular structure has appropriately great potential for further optimizations and applications in gas detection.

Energy consumption monitoring technology plays a very important role in the realization of intelligent building energy saving, but it is not accepted widely in China. The main reasons for this are the low public energy-saving awareness and incomplete informational policy instruments; thus, studying how informational policy instruments affect the adoption of energy consumption monitoring technology and the impact of energy-saving awareness is of great significance to the widespread acceptance of energy consumption monitoring technology and its role in the realization of intelligent building energy saving. This paper introduces informational policy instruments and energy-saving awareness into technology acceptance model and builds an extended technology acceptance model. A questionnaire survey of 298 respondents who related to the operation and management of public buildings was used to explore the effect mechanism of informational policy instruments on adopting energy consumption monitoring technology. The results show that (1) informational policy instruments have no direct impact on the acceptance of energy consumption monitoring technology (2) and energy-saving awareness, attitudes, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use can mediate the relationship between informational policy instruments and behavioral intention of adopting energy consumption monitoring technology, namely, informational policy instruments can affect behavioral intention through six paths which are informational policy instruments ➔ energy-saving awareness ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ energy-saving awareness ➔ attitudes ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ attitudes ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ perceived ease of use ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ perceived ease of use ➔ perceived usefulness ➔ behavioral intention, informational policy instruments ➔ perceived usefulness ➔ behavioral intention. Finally, relevant policies and suggestions are put forward based on the results.

There is a growing interest in the impact of light intensity and temperature on vegetable growth and dietary quality characteristics. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), as one of the model vegetables in ...

The control of layer thickness and phase structure in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) like MoTe2 has recently gained much attention due to their broad applications in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. Continuous-wave laser-based thermal treatment has been demonstrated to realize layer thinning and phase engineering in MoTe2, but requires long heating time and is largely influenced by the thermal dissipation of the substrate. The ultrafast laser produces a different response but is yet to be explored. In this work, we report the nonlinear optical interactions between MoTe2 crystals and femtosecond (fs) laser, where we have realized the nonlinear optical characterization, precise layer thinning, and phase transition in MoTe2 using a single fs laser platform. By using the fs laser with a low fluence as an excitation light source, we observe the strong nonlinear optical signals of second-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing in MoTe2, which can be used to identify the odd-even layers and layer numbers, respectively. With increasing the laser fluence to the ablation threshold (Fth), we achieve layer-by-layer removal of MoTe2, while 2H-to-1T' phase transition occurs with a higher laser fluence (2Fth to 3Fth). Moreover, we obtain highly ordered subwavelength nanoripples on both the thick and few-layer MoTe2 with a controlled fluence, which can be attributed to the fs laser-induced reorganization of the molten plasma. Our study provides a simple and efficient ultrafast laser-based approach capable of characterizing the structures and modifying the physical properties of 2D TMDCs.

In this paper, we deal with the problem of optimally allocating two active [standby] redundancies in a series system consisting of n-components ( n ≥ 2 ) in the sense of the stochastic ordering. Fo...

The hydrochemical characteristics of 15 travertine-depositing hot springs and 7 hot springs that do not deposit travertine in western Yunnan of China are compared to obtain a better understanding of the hydrochemical factors affecting deposition of travertine from hot springs. The analyses of hydrochemical characteristics of the hot springs include the concentrations of Ca and HCO3, the percentage compositions of Ca among cations and HCO3 among anions, the milliequivalent ratio of Ca to HCO3 ( γ Ca/ γ HCO3), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), saturation index (SI) and hydrochemical types of the water samples. All the travertine-depositing hot springs contain high concentrations of CO2, Ca and HCO3. Their partial pressures of CO2 (0.03–0.76 atm) are much higher than that of atmosphere (0.03% atm) and the values of pH range from 5.9 to 7.7. Hydrochemical investigations show that water samples in the travertine-depositing hot springs have relatively high TDS (higher than 590 mg/L) and they are mainly of HCO3–Ca type. The concentrations of Ca and HCO3 are higher than 55 mg/L and 300 mg/L, respectively, and the values of γ Ca/ γ HCO3 are in the range of 0.1–2. The saturation index values of calcite (SIc) are almost positive. By comparison, the concentrations of Ca and HCO3 in the hot springs that do not deposit travertine are relatively low, the range of value of γ Ca/ γ HCO3 is mostly lower than 1 and the hydrochemical types vary greatly. In addition, the concentrations of CO2, Ca and HCO3 decrease along the flow path of the travertine-depositing Nanni hot spring.

A widely sourced and low-cost waste oil-based fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) solvent was prepared from waste cooking oil, as an alternative to separate cathode active materials (CAMs) and Al foil...

ZrO2 nanotube arrays and their supported bimetallic platinum and ruthenium (PtxRuy/ZrO2; x + y = 1 mmol %, x/y = 1:0, 0.9:0.1, 0.8:0.2, 0.7:0.3, 0.5:0.5, 0:1) nanocomposites were fabricated by empl...

Fourier transform rheology (FT-Rheology) is a sensitive method to characterize nonlinear rheological properties. To achieve higher precision of FT-Rheology, many random and systematic errors of rheometers have been intensively investigated. Frequency error, the difference between the actual output frequency and set frequency, has never been reported. Therefore, this paper thoroughly investigates the adverse effects of frequency error on FT-Rheology. First, a nonlinear stress response function with frequency error was established and analyzed in both time-domain and frequency-domain. Then, time sweep tests were performed under large amplitude oscillatory shear at different values of frequency error. Because of the pitfalls of Discrete Fourier Transform, FT-Rheology results of nonlinear stress responses with frequency error show the periodic fluctuation and the significant time-length dependence. Finally, a method is provided to compensate for frequency error, and it can eliminate those unreasonable phenomena effectively.

openaire: EC/H2020/820423/EU//S2QUIP We demonstrate a compact all-fiber Er-doped chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system that can produce ∼344 fs pulses with an average power of up to 1.02 W and a repetition rate of 40.6 MHz at 1.56 μm (corresponding to an energy of 25.1 nJ). The pulse compressor in the CPA system is based on a hollow core photonic crystal fiber which is directly butt-coupled to the silica fiber. A mismatched negative third-order dispersion is used to compensate the accumulated nonlinear phase shift in the amplification process for the first time, resulting in the generation of sub-400 fs pulses from an all-fiber Watt-level Er-doped CPA system. Our system architecture offers a possibility for ultrashort pulse generation from all-fiber Er-doped CPA lasers.

A long time-series land surface temperature (LST) product is useful for ecological and environmental studies. However, current LST products cannot provide a global coverage at a fine spatial resolution (~100 m) over a long period (>30 years). Landsat series satellites that have been launched since 1972 provide a unique opportunity to fill the gap. Here, we proposed a single-channel framework for producing global long time-series Landsat LST retrievals on a Google earth engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. This framework unifies the LST, land surface emissivity (LSE) and atmospheric water vapor (AWV) estimation algorithms, as well as the emissivity and atmospheric input data for the Landsat LST retrievals from the entire Landsat thermal infrared image archive. In situ LST measurements and the MODIS LST products were employed to evaluate Landsat LST retrievals using the proposed framework over land and water surfaces, respectively. In total, 1317 clear-sky LST samples were collected from the Landsat 5-8 series after spatiotemporal registration with seven sites, and the average bias and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were 0.33 and 2.01 K, respectively. Intercomparison between Landsat and MODIS LST retrievals based on 100 clear-sky scenes over 12 inland lakes showed an average bias of 0.17 K and RMSE of 1.11 K. We conclude that the proposed single-channel framework can produce Landsat LST with high accuracy following a simple yet robust way. Implementation of the single-channel method on GEE shows promise in providing the community with freely accessible and global long time-series (>30 years) LST data.

An integrated catalytic protocol involving dehydration, transfer-hydrogenation and alcoholysis towards one-pot conversion of xylose to alkyl levulinate was invented using a combination of Zr(20)-MCM-41 and H3O40PW12 catalysts. Secondary alcohols like 2-propanol and 2-butanol as the reaction medium exhibit equally superior hydrogen donating capability, but the dehydration step of xylose in 2-butanol is preferred probably due to its stronger hydrophobicity. A good alkyl levulinate yield of 53% can be achieved under optimized conditions. The spent dual catalysts can be effectively recovered and they exhibit good reusability after thermal regeneration of Zr(20)-MCM-41. Research on the catalytic mechanism shows that well-dispersed ZrO2 supported on MCM-41 is responsible for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation step of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. Proper tuning of the Lewis and Bronsted acidities can efficiently promote the acid-driven reaction steps of xylose conversion and simultaneously inhibit the alkyl levulinate-to-γ-valerolactone side reaction. The sustainability of this conversion is greatly improved by process intensification based on the new catalytic strategy and mild reaction conditions.

We synthesized a three-dimensional Mn-based framework [Mn3L2(H2O)3]·7.5DEF·3H2O (1; H3L = tris((4-carboxyl)phenyl)amine, DEF = N,N-diethylformamide) via the solvothermal reaction of Mn2+ and H3L in a mixed DEF/H2O solvent. In the crystal structure of 1, two types of 4- and 8-membered ring channels in the lattice emerge. Three Mn centers in the asymmetric unit adopted distorted octahedral (Mn2 and Mn3) and trigonal bipyramidal (Mn1) arrangements. The photoluminescence of 1 was completely quenched by nitroaromatic compounds and Cu2+ ions. Magnetic properties were studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field, and the results indicated the existence of overall antiferromagnetic couplings between the Mn(II) spins. Weak ferromagnetism was observed at low temperatures due to the possible spin canting in this Mn(II) system.

Five new chromone methide polymers, (±)-amplisins A–D (1–4) and amplisin E (5), were isolated from a new fungicolous fungus Amplistroma fungicola. Compounds 1–5 were determined to have unusual chemical skeletons with two or three chromone methide groups linked with different polyketides. A non-enzymatic 1,4-Michael addition of chromone methide was verified in the biosynthesis of 1–5. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibition of PTP1B and stimulation of glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Compounds 3–5 exhibited strong NO inhibition of LPS-activated macrophages.

In the cement system, hydrocalumite is a candidate adsorbent for low-level 129I anionic species. However, the stability of hydrocalumite after immobilizing I− is unclear when they are exposed to pedosphere characterized by organic substances derived from living organisms. In the present work, five amino acids were selected as simplified models of natural organic substances under alkaline conditions. L-cysteine (H2Cys) and L-aspartic acid (H2Asp) accelerated the release of I− from I-hydrocalumite through ion-exchange. Ion-exchange of Cys2− with I− in I-hydrocalumite was faster than Asp2−, and the interlayer spacing (d003) of Cys-hydrocalumite was smaller than that of Asp-hydrocalumite. DFT simulations not only supported the above results but also predicted that there was a positive correlation between the formation energies and interlayer spacings of amino acids intercalated hydrocalumite, depending on the configurations. Moreover, in the DFT predictions, the interaction between amino acids and metallic hydroxide layers was responsible for the formation of hydrogen bonds and Ca-O chemical bonds between the -COO− groups and [Ca2Al(OH)6]+. The other three amino acids did not show intercalation through ion-exchange. The stability of I-hydrocalumite is influenced differently by coexisting amino acids, depending on the ionic sizes, charge numbers, and hydrophilicity, which cause the second contamination.

The Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR) is the highest plateau artificial facility, connecting Lhasa and Golmud over Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Climate change and anthropogenic activities are changing the condition of plateau, with potential influences on the stabilities of QTR. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique could retrieve ground millimeter scale deformation utilizing phase information from SAR images. In this study, the structure and deformation features of QTR are retrieved and analyzed using time-series interferometry with Sentinel-1A and TerraSAR-X images. The backscattering and coherence features of QTR are analyzed in medium and very high-resolution SAR images. Then, the deformation results from different SAR datasets are estimated and analyzed. Experimental results show that some of the QTR sections undergo serious deformation, with the maximum deformation rate of –20 mm/year. Moreover, the detailed deformation feature in the Beiluhe section has been analyzed as well as the effects of different cooling measurements underline QTR embankment. It is also found that embankment-bridge transition section along QTR is prone to undergo deformation. Our study demonstrates the application potential of high-resolution InSAR in deformation monitoring of QTR.

Herein, we describe the synthesis of multifunctional silicon carbide matrix composites by the in-situ growth of SiC in three-dimensionally printed graphene scaffolds by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). Graphene-based scaffolds with various graphene contents, which are first assembled by three-dimensional (3D) printing, exhibit good adhesion and interlayer bonding. The content and morphology of the SiC matrix in the composite is controlled by optimizing the values of the CVI parameters, such as the holding time and gas pressure. The 3D graphene/SiC multifunctional composites exhibit outstanding mechanical performance, delivering a maximum compressive strength of 193 ± 15.7 MPa, which is 394% higher than that of the directly mixed product. The toughening mechanism induced by the graphene sheets, including pull-out and crack deflection, are clearly observed. The combination of 3D graphene scaffold and SiC matrix generates a larger number of conductive channels and provides a material that outperforms traditional ceramic materials in terms of electrical conductivity. It is expected that high-performance 3D graphene reinforced ceramic matrix composites with structural and functional integration will be prepared by introducing ceramic matrices into 3D graphene scaffolds.

This paper presents the microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of Fe-18wt.%Cr-1wt.%Mo-3.5wt.%B alloy against molten zinc at 520 °C. The objective of this study is to obtain Fe-B alloy with superior corrosion resistance through microstructure regulation and to reveal the underlying corrosion mechanism. The results show that the metal matrix of as-cast Fe-Cr-B alloys have undergone a transition from α-(Fe, Cr, Ni) solid solution into γ-(Fe, Cr, Ni) solid solution, while the eutectic boride is further refined with the increasing of Ni addition in the steels. The corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr-B alloys has significantly been enhanced, with an optimal Ni addition at 10 wt%. Thermodynamic calculations and EPMA results show that Ni mainly exists in the matrix, leading to the transformation of the matrix structure. The improvement of corrosion performance can be attributed to two factors: the refined boride network in Ni-modified Fe-Cr-B alloy act as a barrier for Fe/Zn reaction, and the formation of face-centered cubic (fcc) structure also contributed to improve corrosion resistance owing to a more densely packed structure compared to body-centered cubic (bcc) structure. In the initial stage of corrosion, the de-alloying of Ni occurs first, which result in the transformation from γ-(Fe, Cr, Ni) to α-(Fe, Cr, Ni). Corrosion mechanism for test alloys in molten zinc may be mainly dominated by the formation and propagation of cracks in the borides. The cracks initiated due to the discrepancy in thermal expansion coefficients between Fe-Zn phases and the borides.

Foreshock cavitons are transient phenomena observed in the terrestrial foreshock region. They are characterized by a simultaneous depression of magnetic field magnitude and plasma density, which are bounded with enhancements of these two parameters and surrounded by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves. Previous studies focused on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, solar wind (SW) conditions, and the growth of the foreshock waves related to the generation of foreshock cavitons. Previously, a multipoint spacecraft analysis method using Cluster data was applied to analyze only two foreshock cavitons, and this method did not consider uncertainties. In this study, multipoint spacecraft analysis methods, including the timing method, the minimum directional derivative (MDD) method, and the spatiotemporal difference (STD) method are applied to determine the velocity in both spacecraft and solar wind frames. The propagation properties show good agreement with previous results from simulations and observations that most cavitons move sunward in the solar wind frame, with the velocities larger than the Alfven speed. The propagation properties of foreshock cavitons support the formation mechanism of cavitons in previous simulations, which suggested that cavitons are formed due to the nonlinear evolution of compressive ULF waves. We find that there is clear decreasing trend between the size of cavitons and their velocity in the solar wind frame. In addition, the timing method considering errors has been applied to study the evolution properties by comparing the velocities with errors of the leading and trailing edges, and we identify three stable cavitons and one contracting caviton, which has not been studied before. Most cavitons should remain stable when they travel toward the Earth’s bow shock. The relationship between the size of foreshock cavitons and their distance from the bow shock is also discussed.

High-temperature heat treatment (500 °C) is an effective measure for decomposing the organic binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the cathode electrode of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Ho...

Glycogen, a randomly branched glucose polymer, provides energy storage in organisms. It forms small β particles which in animals bind to form composite α particles, which give better glucose release. Simulations imply β particle size is controlled only by activities and sizes of glycogen biosynthetic enzymes and sizes of polymer chains. Thus, storing more glucose requires forming more β particles, which are expected to sometimes form α particles. No α particles have been reported in bacteria, but the extraction techniques might have caused degradation. Using milder glycogen extraction techniques on Escherichia coli, transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography showed α particles, consistent with this hypothesis for α-particle formation. Molecular density and size distributions show similarities with animal glycogen, despite very different metabolic processes. These general polymer constraints are such that any organism which needs to store and then release glucose will have similar α and β particle structures: a type of convergent evolution.

The corrosion behavior and products of bulk Fe2B in liquid Al at 750 °C were systematically investigated by static immersion tests, and characterized in detail through the joint approach of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the corrosion of Fe2B intermetallic in liquid Al is a diffusion-controlled process which involves the inter-diffusion of Fe and Al atoms at the solid-Fe2B/liquid-Al interface along with the formation of FeAl3 intermetallics. The reactions between Fe2B and liquid Al results in a zigzag Fe2B/FeB two-phase transition region and a thick FeAl3 intermetallic layer. The corrosion resistance of Fe2B against liquid Al can be attributed to the competition between the Fe2B/FeB phase transition, while the eventual corrosion results from micro-cracks developed from interfacial misfit, which enables spalling of the FeB and subsequent rapid corrosion of the matrix.

Polymorph-controlled crystallization of acetaminophen was conducted through femtosecond laser double-pulse irradiation. Dependence of the crystal form of acetaminophen on the pulse energy and doubl...

The effective separation of aluminum (Al) foil and cathode materials is a critical issue for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Previous studies have shown that the strong binding...

The split-window algorithm is the most commonly used method for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval from satellite data. Simplification of the Planck’s function, as an important step in developing the SWA, allows us to directly relate the radiance to the temperature toward solving the radiative transfer equation (RTE) set. In this study, Planck’s radiance relationship between two adjacent thermal infrared channels was modeled to solve the RTE set instead of simplification of the Planck’s function. A radiance-based split-window algorithm (RBSWA) was developed and applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The performance of the RBSWA was assessed and compared with three most common brightness temperature-based split-window algorithms (BTBSWAs) by using the simulated data and satellite measurements. Simulation analysis showed that the LST retrieval using RBSWA had a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.5 K and achieved an improvement of 0.3 K compared with three BTBSWAs, and the LST retrieval accuracy using RBSWA was better than 1.5 K considering uncertainties in input parameters based on the sensitivity analysis. For application of RBSWA to MODIS data, the results showed that: 1) comparison between LST from MODIS LST product and LST retrieved using RBSWA showed a mean RMSE of 1.33 K for 108 groups of MODIS image covering continental US, which indicates RBSWA is reliable and robust; 2) when using the measurements from US surface radiation budget network as real values the RMSE of the RBSWA algorithm was 2.55 K and was slightly better than MODIS LST product; and 3) through the cross validation using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer LST product, the RMSE of the RBSWA algorithm was 2.23 K and was 0.28 K less than that of MODIS LST product. We conclude that the RBSWA for LST retrieval from MODIS data can attain a better accuracy than the BTBSWA.

Ni-Mn-Ga microfiber with a diameter of 80 μm was produced by glass-coated melt spinning method. The martensitic transformation temperature, TM, and the reverse transformation temperature, TA, is 279 K and 290 K, respectively. The as-cast microfiber shows nearly fully recoverable superelastic strain as large as ~10%, and perfect strain-magnetization effect, as the stress-induced martensite has lower initial susceptibility and higher saturation magnetization than the austenite. It will be a potential non-destructively and noncontactually monitor sensor material.

Owing to the ease and effectiveness of removing suspended substances (SSs), filtration has become a universal pretreatment step during water sample preparation. However, it can lead to the underestimation of contaminants if the targets easily associate with the SSs or filters. For the first time, this study comprehensively assessed issues related to filtration for the accurate quantification of 35 typical pharmaceuticals, including 28 antibiotics and seven non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in water samples by comparing the effects of different filter materials, preservatives, and water matrices on the recoveries. The results showed that some sulfonamides and NSAIDs had an affinity for nylon filters, whereas trimethoprim and macrolides were easily retained on mixed cellulose ester filters. The use of glass fiber filter (0.7 μm) resulted in improved recovery of all the targets. Acidification promoted the adsorption of fluoroquinolones, tylosin, and roxithromycin on SSs, whereas 5% methanol resulted in desorption of macrolides from the SSs and other pharmaceuticals (sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, etc.) from the solid-phase extraction cartridges. Without additional detection of targets adsorbed on the SSs and filters, the addition of appropriate surrogates prior to filtration can help correct the loss.

Nuts and seeds are well known for their health benefits due to their bioactive compounds, including phytosterols. However, information on phytosterols in nuts and seeds is scare. In this study, the free and esterified phytosterols in 65 nut and seed samples from China were analyzed using solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The compositions of phytosterols were compared and classified by hierarchical cluster analysis. Results showed that the total phytosterols ranged from 15.9 mg/100 g dry weight of chestnuts to 255.2 mg/100 g dry weight of pistachios, and approximately 54.1%–77.2% of the total phytosterols were in the free form. Moreover, 76.1%–96.4% of the total phytosterols belonged to 4-desmethyl sterols, and more than 92.6% belonged to plant sterols. In most nuts and seeds, β-sitosterol was the major phytosterol, accounting for 62.4%–87.1%, except that in pumpkin seed kernel and watermelon seed kernels, the major phytosterol was α-spinasterol (57.7% and 67.8%, respectively). The nut and seed samples were classified into four groups on the basis of the composition of phytosterols. This study revealed the difference of phytosterols between nuts and seeds, which may contribute to their specific health benefits.

High performances, cost-effectiveness, and facile preparation of electrode materials are of utmost importance for supercapacitors in practical applications. Herein, Ni(HCO3)2 nanoparticles (NPs) of low cost and environmental friendliness were embedded into polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-RGO) networks via cost-effective hydrothermal route. It is shown the conducting PDA can uniformly distributes and robustly immobilizes Ni(HCO3)2 NPs in the nanocomposite while the ionic channels are improved for electrolyte access. Consequently, the as-prepared Ni(HCO3)2-PDA-RGO composite offers the high Faradaic capacity of 870 C g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and moderate rate capability. Furthermore, the assembled Ni(HCO3)2-PDA-RGO//activated carbon hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) delivers a specific capacity of 192 C g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 within operation voltage window of 1.7 V. The maximum energy density of the HSC reaches to 45.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 425 W kg−1, and the initial specific capacity maintains 90.5% after 3000 successive charge-discharge cycles. The high energy density and good cycleability certify the potential of the ternary Ni(HCO3)2-PDA-RGO composite in efficient and long lifetime energy storage systems.

Erythromycin mycelial dreg (EMD) is a bio-fermentation residue of the pharmaceutical industry that may be used as a nutrient resource. However, the contaminants present in EMD need to be considered and controlled at an acceptable level prior to utilization. In this study, heat-activated persulfate (PS) oxidation of EMD was developed to degrade the residual erythromycin (ERY) and inactivate the ERY-resistant genes. The effects of temperature, initial PS concentration, and pH on the removal of ERY in EMD were studied. The results revealed that 99.0% ERY was degraded by 25 g PS/kg EMD under 80 °C within 120 min. The apparent rate constant (kapp) in the acidic condition was higher than that in the alkaline condition. The contribution of sulfate radical ( SO 4 · - ) and hydroxyl radical (HO ) on ERY removal in EMD was found to be 36.8% and 29.4%, respectively. Six intermediate products (IPs) of ERY were clarified, and total organic carbon (TOC) was efficiently reduced by 99.4%. Finally, the detected ERY-resistant genes ere(B), erm(A), and erm(B) obviously presented a reduction during the heat-activated PS oxidation process.

Single-chain magnets (SCMs) are one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers that exhibit magnetic bistability and have potential application in high-density information processing. Usually SCMs are magnetically isolated chains stacked by hydrogen bonds or π⋯π stacking; however, with the rapid development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), coordination chains assembled in MOFs have also shown SCM behaviour when the 1D magnetic correlation is strong enough in comparison to the other two dimensionalities. The high-dimensional framework of MOFs could also help in the formation of coordination chains that cannot form in isolated one-dimensional coordination systems. This feature article highlights the progress in this field by summarizing cobalt(II)-based MOFs exhibiting SCM behaviour and classifying them into categories according to the bridging ligands within the CoII chains, to provide fundamentals for further studies on the magnetic properties of coordination chains assembled in MOFs.

Searching for the new particles beyond the standard model (SM) is an important way to probe new physics beyond the SM. In one class of new particles there are nonchiral color singlet fermions that couple to the SM leptons, that is vector-like leptons (VLLs), which have been widely concerned in experiment and theory. The existing literature shows that the singlet VLLs suffer from a big difficult challenge for discovery at future proton-proton colliders. In this paper, we study the prospects of searching for the singlet VLLs in pure leptonic and fully hadronic channels at $$e^+ e^-$$ e + e - colliders. We find that there is an opportunity for excluding the region $$m_{\tau ^{\prime \pm }} \in $$ m τ ′ ± ∈ [180 GeV, 240 GeV] with $${\mathcal {L}}$$ L $$\in $$ ∈ [$$3.0\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 3.0 fb - 1 , $$14.9\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 14.9 fb - 1 ] ([$$0.1\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 0.1 fb - 1 , $$0.3\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 0.3 fb - 1 ]) at ILC of $$\sqrt{s} = 500\ \hbox { GeV}$$ s = 500 GeV , the region $$m_{\tau ^{\prime \pm }} \in $$ m τ ′ ± ∈ [240 GeV, 450 GeV] with $${\mathcal {L}} \in $$ L ∈ [$$9.9\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 9.9 fb - 1 , $$23.1\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 23.1 fb - 1 ] ([$$0.2\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 0.2 fb - 1 , $$0.3\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 0.3 fb - 1 ]) at ILC of $$\sqrt{s} = 1000\ \hbox { GeV}$$ s = 1000 GeV and the region $$m_{\tau ^{\prime \pm }} \in $$ m τ ′ ± ∈ [450 GeV, 700 GeV] with $${\mathcal {L}} \in $$ L ∈ [$$52.1\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 52.1 fb - 1 , $$197.9\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 197.9 fb - 1 ] ([$$2.21\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 2.21 fb - 1 , $$4.5\hbox { fb}^{-1}$$ 4.5 fb - 1 ]) at CLIC of $$\sqrt{s} = 1500\ \hbox {GeV}$$ s = 1500 GeV in the pure leptonic (fully hadronic) channel. It is more optimistic for excluding and discovering the singlet VLL through the fully hadronic channel at future high energy $$e^+ e^-$$ e + e - colliders.

A novel bacterial strain that exhibited a high capacity for the simultaneous degradation and removal of tylosin and ammonia nitrogen, respectively, was isolated from tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae TN-1. The removal efficiencies of tylosin and ammonia nitrogen reached 95.31% and 83.26%, respectively, at initial concentrations of 300 mg/L for both. Three identified intermediates with less toxicity indicated that de-sugarization and hydrolysis were the proposed biodegradation pathways. The results also suggested that strain TN-1 could reduce nitrogen loss by transforming ammonium into nitrate nitrogen according to the transcriptional expression of nitrogen transformation-related genes and the activities of functional enzymes. Moreover, strain TN-1 effectively reduced ammonia volatilization by 65.20% and facilitated tylosin degradation, with a maximum removal efficiency of 57.35% in the simulated fermentation process of TFDs. This work provides an efficient bioaugmentation for simultaneous antibiotic degradation and nitrogen conservation during the composting process.

It is of great importance to safely dispose nuclear wastes with the development of nuclear industries. Past approaches to this problem have included immobilizing radioactive cesium in Portland cement-based matrices; however, the leaching rates of cesium are relatively high, especially as the leaching temperature increases. This paper explores a high-efficiency and cost-effective approach for encapsulating cesium using a sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) matrix, which was prepared via synergetic use of industrial solid wastes. Leaching results showed that, the apparent diffusion coefficient values of cesium were only ~1.4 × 10−15 cm2/s and ~5 × 10−18 cm2/s at 25 ℃ and 90 ℃ leaching conditions, respectively. These values were several orders of magnitude lower when compared with previously reported values, indicating the excellent encapsulation performance of the solid-waste-based SAC for cesium. Moreover, the heavy metals contained in the industrial solid waste were also effectively immobilized. A mechanistic analysis revealed that cesium was encapsulated in the SAC matrices stably by a physical effect. Finally, a life cycle assessment and economic analysis indicated that this approach was environmental-friendly, cost-effective, and energy-saving. This work provides a promising strategy for effective encapsulation of cesium and synergetic treatment of industrial solid wastes.

In a simplified model including a singlet vectorlike top partner $T$ with charge $2/3$, we investigate the single production of $T$ decaying into $Wb$ in the four flavor scheme at the 14 TeV LHC, high luminosity LHC, and future high energy $pp$ colliders, such as high energy (HE)-LHC with $\sqrt{s}=27\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ and FCC-hh with $\sqrt{s}=100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. By performing a detailed detector simulation and the background analysis, we display the excluding capability on the top partner $T$ at different colliders with a different integrated luminosity at 95% confidence level. We find that the excluding capability is enhanced obviously with the increase of the collision energy and the HE-LHC and FCC-hh have a greater advantage in high ${m}_{T}$ regions. If the colliders reach their high integrated luminosity, (1) the high luminosity LHC can exclude the region ${g}^{*}\ensuremath{\in}[0.19,0.50]$ with ${m}_{T}\ensuremath{\in}[1300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV},2420\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}]$ with $3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{ab}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, (2) the HE-LHC can exclude the regions ${g}^{*}\ensuremath{\in}[0.07,0.50]$ with ${m}_{T}\ensuremath{\in}[1300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV},4500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}]$ with $15\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{ab}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and (3)the FCC-hh can exclude the regions ${g}^{*}\ensuremath{\in}[0.02,0.50]$ with ${m}_{T}\ensuremath{\in}[1300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV},11250\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}]$ with $30\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{ab}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. For these typical integrated luminosities, we also display the discovering capability on the top partner $T$ at different colliders. Besides, if the narrow width approximation limit is considered, we find that the excluding and discovering parameter space will be reduced.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are two main types of primary liver cancer, and reliable discrimination is important for optimal treatment. Aberrant glycosylation was detected in HCC and ICC. Both cross-sectional and follow-up studies were performed to establish a differential diagnosis model using N-glycans. A total of 420 participants were enrolled, with 310 patients in training cohort and 110 patients in validation cohort. The follow-up cohort was used to assess the prognosis of ICC. As the results, the diagnostic efficacy of the model was superior to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) when identifying ICC from HCC (AUC of the nomogram: 0.845, 95%CI: 0.788-0.902; AFP: 0.793, 95%CI: 0.732-0.854; CEA: 0.592, 95%CI: 0.496-0.687; CA 19-9: 0.674, 95%CI: 0.582-0.767) in training cohort. In validation cohort, this model (AUC: 0.810, 95% CI: 0.728-0.891) also demonstrated high efficacy in distinguishing ICC from HCC. Furthermore, the nomogram helps to stratify ICC into two subgroups with high or low risk of survival and recurrence. Therefore, a nomogram integrating six N-glycans [NGA2FB(Peak2), NG1A2F (Peak3), NA2 (Peak5), NA2F (Peak6), NA3 (Peak8) and NA4 (Peak11)] was established for ICC and HCC differentiation, and for prognosis assessment in ICC patients.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown remarkable clinical success in eradicating hematologic malignancies. However, hostile microenvironment in solid tumors severely prevents CAR-T cells migrating, infiltrating, and killing. Herein, a nanoengineered CAR-T strategy is reported for enhancing solid tumor therapy through bioorthogonal conjugation with a nano-photosensitizer (indocyanine green nanoparticles, INPs) as a microenvironment modulator. INPs engineered CAR-T biohybrids (CT-INPs) not only retain the original activities and functions of CAR-T cells, but it is further armed with fluorescent tracing and microenvironment remodeling abilities. Irradiated with laser, CT-INPs demonstrate that mild photothermal intervention destroys the extracellular matrix, expanded blood vessels, loosened compact tissue, and stimulated chemokine secretion without damping CAR-T cell activities. Those regulations induce an immune-favorable tumor microenvironment for recruitment and infiltration of CT-INPs. CT-INPs triggered photothermal effects collapse the physical and immunological barriers of solid tumor, and robustly boosted CAR-T immunotherapy. Therefore, CAR-T biohybrids provide reliable treatment strategy for solid tumor immunotherapy via microenvironment reconstruction.

Antibiotic mycelial residue, a kind of organic bio-waste, after composting with the subsequent land application is an effective way to achieve its resource utilization. However, its influences on soil quality and ecological safety in the practical agricultural field and related environmental media, e.g., groundwater and vegetables, remain investigated. In the present study, a field experiment with vegetable plants was conducted to study the influences of lincomycin mycelial residue compost (LMRC) on soil quality, and antibiotics and ARGs' fate. In particular, soil physicochemical properties and microbial community composition were analyzed. Moreover, antibiotics and ARGs' evolution in soil, vegetable, and groundwater were determined. The results showed that the LMRC amendment enhanced soil fertility with the increases of organic matter, total nitrogen, and available P/K. Enzyme activities except catalase and urease were promoted, and they were positively related to the LMRC application ratio. Soil microbial community composition presented temporary shifts as LMRC added, and the low application amount soil showed no significant difference with control at the end of the experiment. Similarly, lincomycin concentration in soil was far lower than the background, and it decreased below the predicted no-effect concentration in groundwater. Besides, the detected lincomycin in pakchoi grew in 0.5% and 1% LMRC amended soil was lower than acceptable daily intake (30 μg/kg). Low application rate (0.5%) of LMRC caused no significant changes of tested ARGs in soil, vegetables, and groundwater. Information obtained from this study provides reasonable application strategies for LMRC that with environmental acceptable antibiotic and ARGs.

Bloom-forming cyanobacteria dramatically influence nutrient cycling in eutrophic freshwater lakes. The phosphorus (P) assimilation and release of bloom-forming cyanobacteria significantly may also affect the phosphorus source and amounts in water. To understand the phosphorus release process of bloom-forming cyanobacteria below the accumulated surface and sedimentary bloom-forming cyanobacteria, the degradation of bloom-forming cyanobacteria dominated by Microcystis spp. at different cell density in the dark was investigated over a 25-day microcosm experiment. The dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) contents increased with the increment of cyanobacterial density, and the dark status markedly increased the proportion of DIP in water during the decline period of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Meanwhile, the process of cyanobacterial apoptosis accompanied by the changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) and phosphatase (AKP) contents, and the increases of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of cyanobacteria in the dark, especially in low-density groups (5.23×108 cells L-1), which further affect the physicochemical water parameters. Moreover, the DIP release from high-density cyanobacteria (7.86×107 cells L-1~5.23×108 cells L-1) resulted from the relative abundance of organophosphorus degrading bacteria in the dark. Therefore, the fast decay of cyanobacteria in the dark could accelerate DIP release, the high DIP release amount from accumulated bloom-cyanobacteria provide adequate P quickly for the sustained growth of cyanobacteria.

Diurnal alteration of glycogen molecular structure has been identified in healthy mice. Recently, both fragile (disintegration in dimethyl sulfoxide) and stable (not disintegrating in DMSO) glycogen particles were found in Escherichia coli. However, how glycogen structure changes dynamically in E. coli is not clear. The question examined here is whether fragile, stable glycogen α particles occur in bacteria, following a similar pattern as in mice. In this study, we examine the dynamic changes of glycogen molecular structure over 24-h in E. coli BL21(DE3), using transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis at representative time points. It was found that glycogen structure was mainly fragile at the synthesis stage and largely stable during the degradation stage. qRT-PCR results indicated that balance of anabolic and catabolic gene expression levels in glycogen metabolism could be a key factor affecting the fragility of glycogen α particles in bacteria.

This study innovatively combines mechanochemistry and high-temperature thermal reduction to achieve the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs. First, under the action of mechanical force, the crystal structure of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) found in the cathode materials of spent LIBs was destroyed and converted into lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and Li-free residue (C/Co3O4) using dry ice as a co-grinding reagent. The optimum Li2CO3 recovery conditions were determined to be as follows: a ratio of dry ice: LiCoO2 powder mass of 20:1; a rotation speed of 700 rpm, and a reaction time of 1.5 h. With these conditions the maximum percentage of Li2CO3 recovered was 95.04 wt%. The Co3O4 in Li-free residue was reduced to a high-value Co0 product via a high-temperature (800 °C) heat treatment. Gibbs free energy analysis confirmed that the carbon in the Li-free residue could be used as a self-reducing reagent for the thermal reduction of Co3O4. The reactants and products of each step were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS and SEM techniques. The green route for recycling spent LIBs that this study proposes realizes the green and cost-effective conversion of LiCoO2 to high-value products, which may become an outstanding example of recycling spent LIBs.

The environmental impact of amino acids on the release of SeO4 2- immobilized into hydrotalcite (Mg2Al- LDH) which belongs to the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) family was investigated by experimental study and the observed layer structure of hydrotalcite was verified through density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Glycine, L-cysteine, and L-aspartic acid, which have smaller molecular sizes, can release SeO4 2- largely due to intercalation, unstabilization of Mg2Al-LDH and simple dissolution, while Ltryptophan and L-phenylalanine caused limited SeO4 2- release due to their larger sizes and aromaticity. XRD patterns for the solid residues after intercalation of amino acids revealed that the layer distance of Mg2Al-LDH was partially expanded. The main peaks and shoulder features corresponding to d003 diffraction were well explained by DFT simulations using glycine as a model: the layer spacing of the main peak is responsible for the remaining SeO4 2- and singly stacked glycine molecule and the layer spacing of the shoulder peak was well explained by doubly stacked glycine molecules. Hydrogen bonds between amino acids and hydroxyl ions in the metallic layers of Mg2Al-LDH were responsible for the stable configuration of the intercalated Mg2Al-LDH. This study indicates potential limitations to the stability of low-level radioactive wastes of 79Se in repositories which are affected by smaller molecules of amino acids released through degradation of organic matters in the pedosphere., [Highlight] / ・Effect of amino acids on the mobility of selenate in LDH was explored. / ・Smaller sizes of amino acids promoted the release of selenate from LDH. / ・DFT predicted the interlayer spaces of LDH after intercalation of amino acids. / ・Singly stacked configuration of glycine was the most stable in LDH. / ・Cysteine suppressed the Mg dissolution from LDH.

Previous research has shown the absorption of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the human gastrointestinal tract, but limited attention has been given to the influence of nutrients on PBDE absorption from food matrices. We investigated the effects of nutrients (oil, starch, protein, and dietary fiber) on the absorption and transport of PBDEs in a Caco-2 cell model and bioaccessibility of PBDEs by an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method. The results showed that the accumulation ratios of PBDE congeners in Caco-2 cells were higher in the nutrient addition groups (oil: 26.7–50.6%, starch: 27.0–58.7%, protein: 12.1–44.1%, and dietary fiber: 28.2–55.1%) than the control group (7.17–36.1%), whereas the transport ratios were lower (oil: 2.30–7.20%, starch: 1.55–9.15%, protein: 1.04–8.78%, and dietary fiber: 0.85–7.04%) than control group (3.78–11.1%). Additionally, the PBDE bioaccessibility could be increased by adding the nutrients, particularly oil and starch. This study clarified the differences in PBDE absorption in the presence of nutrients using the in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell model. The findings showed that nutrients were an important factor that promoted PBDE absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is important to focus on a novel dietary strategy of food consumption with contaminant compounds to protect human health.

Due to the difficulty in generating the effective descriptors which are robust to occlusion and viewpoint changes, place recognition for 3D point cloud remains an open issue. Unlike most of the existing methods that focus on extracting local, global, and statistical features of raw point clouds, our method aims at the semantic level that can be superior in terms of robustness to environmental changes. Inspired by the perspective of humans, who recognize scenes through identifying semantic objects and capturing their relations, this paper presents a novel semantic graph based approach for place recognition. First, we propose a novel semantic graph representation for the point cloud scenes by reserving the semantic and topological information of the raw point cloud. Thus, place recognition is modeled as a graph matching problem. Then we design a fast and effective graph similarity network to compute the similarity. Exhaustive evaluations on the KITTI dataset show that our approach is robust to the occlusion as well as viewpoint changes and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with a large margin. Our code is available at: \url{https://github.com/kxhit/SG_PR}., 8 pages. Accpeted by IROS-2020