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The extent of biodiversity in the urban setting is related to the degree of land transformation and the relative quantity of green spaces in the city. Large tracts of green spaces may harbor species and serve as sources of colonists to other urban spaces, but the degree to which this occurs is not well known, particularly in cities in the tropics. Here we evaluate if a large urban green space (Dunas State Park) affects the diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in city plazas. We sampled 18 plazas, varying in size (1000 to >3000 m2) and distance to the Park’s edge (up to 3000 m). In each plaza, we measured number of trees, plant cover in it and in surrounding buffers of up to 200 m. Butterflies were captured using standardized traps. We found that butterfly communities were significantly different between Park and plazas, and that individuals plazas represented a poor sample of the total butterfly diversity. Distance to the park did not influence butterfly communities in the plazas, nor did any of the local plaza characteristics. Plazas harbored mostly generalist species and experienced more fluctuations in butterfly abundance than the Park. The Park is the only significant repository of fruit-feeding butterfly biodiversity in our system. We conclude that the urban setting is a strong filter for species settlement, a worrisome conclusion for tropical cities. We offer advice on how city planners may improve this trend.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) PDA/MMA Institute BioAdantica, PROBIO I [MCT/MMA/GEF] Institute BioAdantica, PROBIO II [MCT/MMA/GEF] FAPESB NERC UESC/PROPP Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Fundacao Grupo Boticario de Protecao a Natureza FAPESB Bol PROBIO I/MMA/GEF PROBIO II/MCT/MMA/GEF Recent studies suggest that habitat amount is the main determinant of species richness, whereas habitat fragmentation has weak and mostly positive effects. Here, we challenge these ideas using a multi-taxa database including 2230 estimates of forest-dependent species richness from 1097 sampling sites across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We used a structural equation modeling approach, accounting not only for direct effects of habitat loss, but also for its indirect effects (via habitat fragmentation), on the richness of forest-dependent species. We reveal that in addition to the effects of habitat loss, habitat fragmentation has negative impacts on animal species richness at intermediate (30-60%) levels of habitat amount, and on richness of plants at high ( > 60%) levels of habitat amount, both of which are mediated by edge effects. Based on these results, we argue that dismissing habitat fragmentation as a powerful force driving species extinction in tropical forest landscapes is premature and unsafe. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Rua Sao Nicolau 210, BR-09913030 Diadema, SP, Brazil Int Inst Sustainabil, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Biociencias, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Posgrad Ecol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Ecol, Natal, RN, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ecol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Florestais, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Ecol & Zool, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Bahia, Posgrad Ecol Aplicada Gestao Ambiental, Salvador, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Inst Ciencias Nat Humanas & Sociais, Sinop, MT, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Posgrad Biol Vegetal, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Lab Ecol & Conservacao Biodiversidade, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Evolucao, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Biol, Salvador, BA, Brazil Inst Pro Carnivoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Engn Florestal, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil Inst Florestal Estado Sao Paulo, Secao Ecol Florestal, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Bot, Recife, PE, Brazil Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Dept Ciencias Biol, Jequie, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Bahia, Ctr Formacao Ciencias Agroflorestais, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Escola Super Agr Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Dept Bot, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Engn Florestal, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Ciencias Biol, Sao Mateus, ES, Brazil Prefeitura Municipal Paulinia, Paulinia, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Dept Ciencias Biol, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Veiga Almeida, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Paulista, Nucl Estudos Biodiversidade, Herbario UNIP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Biol Geral, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Biol, Lavras, MG, Brazil Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol & Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Goias, Lab Genet & Biodiversidade, Goiania, Go, Brazil Univ Veiga Almeida, Ciencias Meio Ambiente, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Ecol, Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil Inst Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Posgrad Modelagem Ciencias Terra & Ambiente, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Inst Nacl Mata Atlantica, Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol & Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil CAPES: 88881.064976/2014-01 CAPES: 02488/09-4 CAPES: 405693/2013-3 CAPES: 88881.118819/2016-01 CAPES: 01 FAPESP: 2004/04820-3 FAPESP: 2008/01866-3 FAPESP: 2008/03724-1 FAPESP: 05/56555-4 FAPESP: 2014/14503-7 FAPESP: 2011/19767-4 FAPESP: 2013/22679-5 FAPESP: 2014/10192-7 FAPESP: 2011/040460 FAPESP: 2014/09300-0 FAPESP: 134 97/07075-1 FAPESP: 97/07075-1 FAPESP: 2013/50718-5 FAPESP: 2005/00405-4 FAPESP: 2006/04878-7 FAPESP: 2008/03500-6 FAPESP: 2011/06782-5 FAPESP: 2010/053435 FAPESP: 2014/14925-9 CNPq: 305470/2013-2 CNPq: 550077/2010-3 CNPq: 561897/2010-7 CNPq: PNX0016/2009 CNPq: 304817/2015-5 CNPq: 303897/2016-3 CNPq: 473529/2007-6 CNPq: 302574/2010-7 CNPq: 304598/2011-9 CNPq: 479203/2010-5 CNPq: 146790/2010-3 CNPq: 304242/2009-8 CNPq: 307221/2012-1 CNPq: 310901/2015-4 CNPq: 308992/2013-0 CNPq: 69014416 FAPERJ: E -26/202.174/2015 FAPESB: BOL1661/2011 FAPESB: 462/2012 NERC: NE/1(016393/1 UESC/PROPP: 135 00220-1100.1171 CAPES: 8952/2014 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz: 002011001171 FAPESP: 1999/09635-0 CNPq: P2 308503/2014-7 Fundacao Grupo Boticario de Protecao a Natureza: 201410014 CNPq: 309030/2013-7 CNPq: 308205/2014-6 CNPq: 70/2009 CNPq: 142205/2010-9 FAPESB Bol: 0104/09 CAPES: BEX 8495/11-4 CNPq: 690144/01-6 CAPES: 2923/2011 : CAPES/FAPERJ-PAPD-E-26/202.144/2015 : MCTIC/CNPq/FAPEG/465610/2014-5

Loss and fragmentation of natural habitats are key contributors to the decline of populations and impoverishment of biological communities. The response to these disturbances can vary substantially among taxa and depends on spatial metrics of habitat fragments and the surrounding landscape. Herein we test how fragment area, shape, isolation, and matrix quality affect reptile richness, abundance, and occurrence in Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments, a biodiversity hotspot with a poorly studied reptile fauna. We used 23 forest fragments, ranging from 2 to 30 hectares, surrounded by different matrix types, including sugarcane crop fields, cattle ranching, subsistence farmlands and rural communities. Species richness, total reptile abundance, population abundance, and occurrence probability of many species decreased with fragment area. Model selection suggested that fragment area is the main predictor of both richness and abundance, but matrix quality as well as fragment shape are also important predictors. For population abundance and occurrence probability, fragment area and proximity were the most important predictors followed by fragment shape and matrix quality, but the strength and even the sign of predictors varied substantially among species. We highlight that the value of small fragments should not be neglected for the conservation of Atlantic Forest reptiles. Resumo A perda e a fragmentacao de habitats naturais sao agentes-chave no declinio de populacoes e no empobrecimento de comunidades biologicas. A reposta a esses disturbios pode variar substancialmente entre taxons e depende de metricas espaciais dos fragmentos e da paisagem circundante. Nos testamos como a area, a forma, o isolamento e a qualidade da matriz de fragmentos da Mata Atlântica brasileira afetam a riqueza, a abundância e a ocorrencia de repteis. Nos usamos 23 fragmentos florestais, entre 2 e 30 hectares, rodeados por matrizes comuns no cenario atual da Mata Atlântica, um dos hotspots de biodiversidade. Ao contrario das expectativas teoricas, a riqueza, a abundância total, a abundância populacional e a probabilidade de ocorrencia de muitas especies diminuiu com o aumento da area dos fragmentos. A selecao de modelos sugere que a area dos fragmentos e o principal preditor tanto da riqueza quanto da abundância das especies, mas que a qualidade da matriz, assim como a forma dos fragmentos, sao tambem metricas importantes. Para a abundância populacional e a probabilidade de ocorrencia das especies os preditores mais importantes foram a area e o isolamento, seguidos pela forma e qualidade da matriz dos fragmentos, mas a forca e ate mesmo o sinal do efeito mudou substancialmente entre especies. Nos destacamos que, considerando o alto grau de disturbio da paisagem, o valor de pequenos fragmentos nao deve ser negligenciado em estrategias de conservacao de repteis da Mata Atlântica.

Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrates in the world and this is also true for those inhabiting the Atlantic Forest hotspot, living in ecosystems that are highly degraded and threatened by anthropogenic activities. We present a data set containing information about amphibian communities sampled throughout the Atlantic Forest Biome in South America. The data were extracted from 389 bibliographic references (articles, books, theses, and dissertations) representing inventories of amphibian communities from 1940 to 2017. The data set includes 17,619 records of 528 species with taxonomic certainty, from 1,163 study sites. Of all the records, 14,450 (82%) were classified using the criterion of endemism; of those, 7,787 (44%) were considered endemic and 6,663 (38%) were not. Historically, multiple sampling methods were used to survey amphibians, the most representative methods being active surveys (82.1%), surveys at breeding sites (20%), pitfall traps (15.3%), and occasional encounters (14.5%). Species richness averaged 15.2 ± 11.3 (mean ± SD), ranging from 1 to 80 species per site. We found a low dominance in the communities, with 10 species occurring in about 26% of communities: Physalaemus cuvieri (4.1%), Dendropsophus minutus (3.8%), Boana faber (3.1%), Scinax fuscovarius (2.8%), Leptodactylus latrans (2.7%), Leptodactylus fuscus (2.6%), Boana albopunctata (2.3%), Dendropsophus nanus (1.6%), Rhinella ornata (1.6%), and Leptodactylus mystacinus (1.6%). This data set represents a major effort to compile inventories of amphibian communities for the Neotropical region, filling a large gap in the data on the Atlantic Forest hotspot. We hope this data set can be used as a credible tool in the proposal of new studies on amphibian sampling and even in the development of conservation planning for these taxa. This information also has great relevance for macroecological studies, being foundational for both conservation and restoration strategies in this biodiversity hotspot. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching events.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:22:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Mortality from collision with vehicles is the most visible impact of road traffic on wildlife. Mortality due to roads (hereafter road-kill) can affect the dynamic of populations of many species and can, therefore, increase the risk of local decline or extinction. This is especially true in Brazil, where plans for road network upgrading and expansion overlaps biodiversity hotspot areas, which are of high importance for global conservation. Researchers, conservationists and road planners face the challenge to define a national strategy for road mitigation and wildlife conservation. The main goal of this dataset is a compilation of geo-referenced road-kill data from published and unpublished road surveys. This is the first Data Paper in the BRAZIL series (see ATLANTIC, NEOTROPICAL, and BRAZIL collections of Data Papers published in Ecology), which aims make public road-kill data for species in the Brazilian Regions. The dataset encompasses road-kill records from 45 personal communications and 26 studies published in peer-reviewed journals, theses and reports. The road-kill dataset comprises 21,512 records, 83% of which are identified to the species level (n = 450 species). The dataset includes records of 31 amphibian species, 90 reptile species, 229 bird species, and 99 mammal species. One species is classified as Endangered, eight as Vulnerable and twelve as Near Threatened. The species with the highest number of records are: Didelphis albiventris (n = 1,549), Volatinia jacarina (n = 1,238), Cerdocyon thous (n = 1,135), Helicops infrataeniatus (n = 802), and Rhinella icterica (n = 692). Most of the records came from southern Brazil. However, observations of the road-kill incidence for non-Least Concern species are more spread across the country. This dataset can be used to identify which taxa seems to be vulnerable to traffic, analyze temporal and spatial patterns of road-kill at local, regional and national scales and also used to understand the effects of road-kill on population persistence. It may also contribute to studies that aims to understand the influence of landscape and environmental influences on road-kills, improve our knowledge on road-related strategies on biodiversity conservation and be used as complementary information on large-scale and macroecological studies. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper. Setor de Ecologia Aplicada Universidade Federal de Lavras PPG Análise e Modelagem de Sistemas Ambientais Departamento de Cartografia Instituto de Geociências Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais NERF-UFRGS Núcleo de Ecologia de Rodovias e Ferrovias Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Centro Brasileiro de Estudos em Ecologia de Estradas (CBEE) Universidade Federal de Lavras Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio-Ambiental de Macaé Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Autopista Fluminense S. A., Av. São Gonçalo, 100, Unidade 101, Bairro Boa Vista Universidade Federal de Uberlandia (UFU) Programa de Pós Graduação em Políticas Públicas Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Ciências Biológicas Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Caipora Cooperativa, Rua Desembargador Vitor Lima, 260/908 Setor de Mastozoologia Museu de Ciências Naturais Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Animal Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Universidade Federal de São Carlos Pós Graduação em Conservação em Fauna Universidade Federal de São Carlos Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética Biodiversidade e Conservação Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia Jequié Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Pioneiros Departamento de Biologia Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Erechim Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul CETESB - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo Universidade Federal do Pampa Universidade Veiga de Almeida Instituto Tecnológico de Transportes e Infraestrutura Universidade Federal do Paraná Laboratório de Ecologia de Manguezal Instituto de Estudos Costeiros Universidade Federal do Pará Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Arcadis Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Mamíferos Universidade Estadual de Goiás Laboratório de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Coroado I IPÊ Pantanal, Rua Licuala, 622, Damha 1 Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Biociências Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio Ministério do Meio Ambiente Centro Universitario de Rivera Universidad de la República, Ituzaingó 667 Departamento de Genética e Evolução Universidade Federal de São Carlos Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular e Conservação Departamento de Genética e Evolução Universidade Federal de São Carlos Centro Universitário de Anápolis Universidade Federal da Paraíba Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente Rua Botuverá, 257 Dom Joaquim Departamento de Ecologia -Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Instituto Conservação Brazil (ICB), Rua dos Angicos, 185, Recanto dos Angicos R Embrapa Pantanal, Rua 21 de Setembro, n 1.880, Bairro Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Caixa Postal: 109 Departamento de Biologia Geral Agrárias e Humanas Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Centro Universitário do Planalto de Araxá UNIARAXÁ Hori Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Paulo Gorski, 2058, Mussunguê Centro Brasileiro para Conservação dos Felinos Neotropicais, Av. Emílio Antonon, 1000 – Chácara Aeroporto Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal de São Carlos Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro Centro de Ciências Biologicas e de Saude Universidade Federal de São Carlos Instituto de Ciências Biologicas Universidade de Brasília Núcleo de Licenciamento Ambiental, Superintendência do Ibama em São Paulo/SP, Alameda Tietê, 637, 10° andar Curso de Medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário de Lavras (Unilavras) Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade de Brasília Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Universidade Estadual de Goiás Complexo Cultural e Científico de Peirópolis Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Lavras Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista

Heliconius nattereri C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 is an enigmatic and rarely collected species. Because of severe habitat reduction, the species is currently listed as endangered. We here report the confirmation of a northernmost population. This collection and further observations reported here add two more known localites to the distribution of the species. Two of the three confirmed locations are in protected areas. We worry that the northern population may be at great risk because it is not formally protected. We urge conservation efforts to preserve the local forests where the species is found.