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9 results on '"Macroclimate"'

1. Global functional variation in alpine vegetation

Author

Jiri Dolezal, Robert K. Peet, George P. Malanson, Risto Virtanen, Jonathan Lenoir, Jalil Noroozi, Manfred Finckh, Riccardo Testolin, N. I. Makunina, Ladislav Mucina, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Ute Jandt, Helge Bruelheide, Susan K. Wiser, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Sylvia Haider, Fabio Attorre, Kiril Vassilev, Andrei Yu Korolyuk, Andreas Hemp, Jozef Šibík, Evgeny G. Zibzeev, Arkadiusz Nowak, Carlos P. Carmona, Gwendolyn Peyre, Petr Sklenář, Peter Borchardt, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Testolin R., Carmona C.P., Attorre F., Borchardt P., Bruelheide H., Dolezal J., Finckh M., Haider S., Hemp A., Jandt U., Korolyuk A.Y., Lenoir J., Makunina N., Malanson G.P., Mucina L., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Peet R.K., Peyre G., Sabatini F.M., Sibik J., Sklenar P., Vassilev K., Virtanen R., Wiser S.K., Zibzeev E.G., and Jimenez-Alfaro B.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Vascular plant, Alpine plant, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, alpine vegetation, Plant Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, macroclimate, phylogenetic dissimilarity, trait pool, Geographical distance, Ecosystem, trait probability density, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, alpine biomes, evolutionary history, functional convergence, trait pools, Ecology, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, alpine biome, Distance matrices in phylogeny, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Questions. What are the functional trade-offs of vascular plant species in global alpine ecosystems? How is functional variation related to vegetation zones, climatic groups and biogeographic realms? What is the relative contribution of macroclimate and evolutionary history in shaping the functional variation of alpine plant communities? Location. Global. Methods. We compiled a data set of alpine vegetation with 5,532 geo-referenced plots, 1,933 species and six plant functional traits. We used principal component analysis to quantify functional trade-offs among species and trait probability density to assess the functional dissimilarity of alpine vegetation in different vegetation zones, climatic groups and biogeographic realms. We used multiple regression on distance matrices to model community functional dissimilarity against environmental and phylogenetic dissimilarity, controlling for geographic distance. Results. The first two PCA axes explained 66% of the species’ functional variation and were related to the leaf and stem economic spectra, respectively. Trait probability density was largely independent of vegetation zone and macroclimate but differed across biogeographic realms. The same pattern emerged for both species pool and community levels. The effects of environmental and phylogenetic dissimilarities on community functional dissimilarity had similar magnitude, while the effect of geographic distance was negligible. Conclusions. Plant species in alpine areas reflect the global variation of plant function, but with a predominant role of resource use strategies. Current macroclimate exerts a limited effect on alpine vegetation, mostly acting at the community level in combination with evolutionary history. Global alpine vegetation is functionally unrelated to the vegetation zones in which it is embedded, exhibiting strong functional convergence across regions

Published
2021
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2. The joint effect of micro- and macro-climate on the thermoregulation and heat dissipation of two African mole-rat (Bathyergidae) sub-species, Cryptomys hottentotus mahali and C. h. pretoriae

Author

Nigel C. Bennett, Barry van Jaarsveld, Kyra M.E. Wallace, and Daniel W. Hart

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Climate, 030310 physiology, Microclimate, Cryptomys hottentotus, Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Thermoregulation, Body Temperature, 03 medical and health sciences, Respirometry, Animals, Thermoneutral zone, Heat dissipation, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Mole Rats, Temperature, biology.organism_classification, Burrow, Mole-rat, Arid, Environmental science, Macroclimate, Basal Metabolism, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Body Temperature Regulation, Developmental Biology, Evaporative cooler
Abstract

The effect of the macro- and microclimate on small mammal thermoregulation in the past has been studied independently instead of investigating the dual effect of both the components. This study addresses this dearth in knowledge by exploring the dual effect of both micro- and macro-climate on the thermoregulatory responses of two subterranean rodent species belonging to the family Bathyergidae, namely the more arid dwelling Mahali mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus mahali) and less arid dwelling Highveld mole-rat (C. h. pretoriae). Open flow through respirometry was used to quantify resting metabolic rates (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL), core body temperature (Tb), the ratio between the evaporative heat loss and metabolic heat production (EHL/MHP: evaporative cooling capacity) and conductance (Cdry) over a range of increasing ambient temperatures (Ta; 20–42 °C). Furthermore, RMR, EWL, Tb, EHL/MHP and Cdry were measured at the mole-rat's thermal maxima (43 °C). At cooler temperatures, the arid-dwelling C. h. mahali possesses a broader thermoneutral zone (~5 °C; 27.2–32.1 °C), while C. h. pretoriae possess a single thermoneutral point (33.6 °C). This is in response to the greater selection pressure to conserve energy in the more arid regions inhabited by C. h. mahali. Contrastingly, at hotter temperatures, there were no significant thermoregulatory differences in EWL, EHL/MHP or Cdry responses between the two sub-species, as expected due to the limitations bestowed by the buffered microclimates (burrow systems). Thus, neither macro-climate, nor micro-climate singularly moulds the thermoregulatory adaptations, but rather, it appears to be a combined effect from both climates. Other small endotherms may share this dual response, and therefore, it is crucial to incorporate the effect of both macro- and microclimates into future climate models when determining the ecological capabilities and persistence of a species.

Published
2021

3. Multiscale drivers of carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in small European woodlands

Author

Ludmilla Martin, Guillaume Decocq, Martin Diekmann, Jessica Lindgren, Emilie Gallet-Moron, Jörg Brunet, Alicia Valdés, Jonathan Lenoir, Steffen Ehrmann, Monika Wulf, Sara A. O. Cousins, Vincent Le Roux, Pallieter De Smedt, Kris Verheyen, Brice Giffard, Ronan Marrec, Marc Deconchat, Jaan Liira, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Plantes et Innovation - UR UPJV 3900 (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Stockholm University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Bremen, Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, University of Tartu, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), ERA-Net BiodivERsA, Region Hauts-de-France, FWO, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UR Ecol & Dynam Syst Anthropises EDYSAN, UMR CNRS 7058, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Universiteit Gent [Ghent]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, smallFOREST, Biome, Beta diversity, Biodiversity, species turnover, Woodland, arthropods, biogeographical gradient, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, macroclimate, agricultural landscapes, habitat quality, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, carabid beetles, landscape composition, Temperate forest, Understory, 15. Life on land, Geography, metacommunity dynamics, Species richness
Abstract

International audience; Aim The spatio-temporal connectivity of forest patches in lowland agricultural landscapes and their age matter to explain current biodiversity patterns across regional as well as biogeographical extents, to the point that their effect exceeds the one of macroclimate for plant diversity in the understorey of temperate forests. Whether this remains true for other taxonomic groups is still largely unknown. Yet, this relative influence has important consequences for ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services. Focusing on carabid beetle assemblages, we assessed the relative importance of macroclimatic, landscape and patch attributes in driving local species richness (alpha-diversity) and species dissimilarity between patches (beta-diversity).Location Deciduous forest patches in seven regions along a 2,100-km-long latitudinal gradient across the European temperate forest biome, from southern France to central Sweden.Methods We sampled 221 forest patches in two 5-km x 5-km landscape windows with contrasting management intensities. Carabid beetles were classified into four habitat-preference guilds: forest-specialist, forest-generalist, eurytopic and open-habitat species. We quantified the multi-level environmental influence using mixed-effects models and variation partitioning analysis.Results We found that both alpha- and beta-diversity were primarily determined by macroclimate, acting as a large-scale ecological filter on carabid assemblages among regions. Forest-patch conditions, including biotic and abiotic heterogeneity as well as patch age (but not patch size), increased alpha-diversity of forest species. Landscape management intensity weakly influenced alpha-diversity of forest species, but increased the number of non-forest species in forest patches. Beta diversity of non-forest species increased with patch heterogeneity and decreased with landscape management intensity.Main conclusions Our results highlight the leading role of broad macroclimatic gradients over local and landscape factors in determining the composition of local carabid communities, thereby shedding light on macroecological patterns of arthropod assemblages. This study emphasizes the urgent need for preserving ancient forest patches embedded in agricultural landscapes, even the small and weakly connected ones.

Published
2021
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4. Old ginkgo trees in China：Distribution, determinants and implications for conservation

Author

Guang Yang, Tie-Lin Wang, Aji Zhang, Xiaolin Li, Qing-Gang Wang, Ying Li, Kai Sun, Xiulian Chi, and Meng Cheng

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Generalized linear model, Topography, Distribution (economics), Soil pH, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ginkgo, Sowing, Ginkgo biloba, Forestry, soil texture, human activity, biology.organism_classification, Light intensity, Macroclimate, lcsh:Ecology, business
Abstract

China has a long history of planting ginkgo trees, and there are many large old ginkgo trees in rural and urban areas of China. Those large old ginkgo trees have aesthetic and cultural values and play an important role in regulating landscape and ecological functions. However, the geographical distribution and its determinants of large old ginkgo trees in China are still unexplored. In this study, we first collected from published references the county-level distribution data of ginkgo trees older than 100-year in China. Then we used generalized linear regression and random forest models to analyze the influence of 18 variables representing macroclimate, topography, soil conditions, and intensity of human activity on the occurrence and density of old ginkgo trees. We found that 66,184 old ginkgo trees were distributed in 818 counties of 23 provinces with the county-level average density of 0.11 ± 0.04 trees per km2. Old ginkgo trees were mainly distributed east of the Hu Huanyong line where the climate is humid and human population density is high. The probability of occurrence of old ginkgo trees was predominately affected by macroclimate and soil conditions. It significantly decreased with increasing proportion of soil sand content, soil pH, and climate stability, and significantly increased with increasing temperature and precipitation. In contrast, the density of old ginkgo trees was predominately affected by human activity, significantly increasing with human activity intensity (i.e., human population density, gross domestic product, and night-time light intensity). In conclusion, the occurrences of old ginkgo tree were constrained by macroclimate and soil conditions, while their density was mainly driven by human activity.

Published
2020

5. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature

Author

Juha M. Alatalo, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Ivan Nijs, Pascal Boeckx, Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner, Josefine Walz, Sergiy Medinets, Jonas Ardö, Martin Wilmking, Aníbal Pauchard, Onur Candan, Joseph Okello, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Christian Rossi, Francesco Malfasi, Robert G. Björk, Tim Seipel, Pekka Niittynen, Kristoffer Hylander, Simone Cesarz, Michael B. Ashcroft, Dany Ghosn, T'Ai Gladys Whittingham Forte, Andrew D. Thomas, Nina Buchmann, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Svátek, Luca Vitale, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Pascal Vittoz, Jan Wild, Hans J. De Boeck, M. Rosa Fernández Calzado, Khatuna Gigauri, Haydn J.D. Thomas, Josef Brůna, Patrice Descombes, Robert Kanka, Roman Plichta, Julia Boike, Juan J. Jiménez, Mihai Pușcaș, James D. M. Speed, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Jian Zhang, Shengwei Zong, Marko Smiljanic, Ben Somers, Toke T. Høye, Martin Macek, Rebecca Finger Higgens, Jürgen Homeier, Fatih Fazlioglu, Ana Clara Mazzolari, Katja Tielbörger, Marek Čiliak, Sanne Govaert, Matěj Man, Loïc Pellissier, Bente J. Graae, Mana Gharun, Juan Lorite, Jhonatan Sallo Bravo, Thomas Scholten, Ian Klupar, Jonathan Lenoir, Martin Kopecký, Angela Stanisci, Joseph J. Bailey, Stuart W. Smith, Gergana N. Daskalova, Andrej Varlagin, Radim Matula, Meelis Pärtel, Ann Milbau, Peter Barančok, Jörg G. Stephan, Marijn Bauters, Jan Dick, Zuzana Sitková, Alistair S. Jump, Felix Gottschall, Fernando Moyano, Mario Trouillier, Filip Hrbáček, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Nicoletta Cannone, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Miska Luoto, Christopher Andrews, Charly Geron, Lisa J. Rew, Michael Stemkovski, Rafaella Canessa, Lucia Hederová, Peter Haase, Klaus Steinbauer, Keith W. Larson, Mats P. Björkman, Edoardo Cremonese, Lore T. Verryckt, Aud H. Halbritter, Jiri Dolezal, František Máliš, William D. Pearse, Zhaochen Zhang, Christian D. Larson, Sylvia Haider, Robert Weigel, Harald Pauli, Romina D. Dimarco, Nico Eisenhauer, Agustina Barros, Shyam S. Phartyal, Liesbeth van den Brink, Edmund W. Basham, Adrian V. Rocha, Mauro Guglielmin, Rafael A. García, Andrej Palaj, Josef Urban, Austin Koontz, Brett R. Scheffers, Mia Vedel Sørensen, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Camille Meeussen, Lena Muffler, Krystal Randall, Volodymyr I. Medinets, Sonia Merinero, Laurenz M. Teuber, Salvatore R. Curasi, José Luis Benito Alonso, Pieter De Frenne, Kamil Láska, Jonas Schmeddes, Martin A. Nuñez, Amanda Ratier Backes, Alessandro Petraglia, Miroslav Svoboda, Ellen Dorrepaal, Sonja Wipf, Juha Aalto, Masahito Ueyama, Benjamin Blonder, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Esther R. Frei, Lukas Siebicke, Bernard Heinesch, C. Johan Dahlberg, Juergen Kreyling, Camille Pitteloud, Florian Zellweger, Rebecca A. Senior, David H. Klinges, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Elizabeth G. Simpson, George Kazakis, Jozef Kollár, Pallieter De Smedt, Olivier Roupsard, Jan Altman, Michele Carbognani, Julia Kemppinen, Manuela Winkler, Valeria Aschero, Pieter Vangansbeke, Andrea Lamprecht, Stef Haesen, University of Antwerp (UA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Wollongong [Australia], Australian Museum [Sydney], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad Adventista de Chile - Adventist University of Chile (UNACH), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Qatar University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], University of Gothenburg (GU), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Mountains of the Moon University, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS (Gent, Belgium), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Nalanda University, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (HNBGU), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), University of Stirling, Umeå University, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dartmouth College [Hanover], University of Bergen (UiB), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Utah State University (USU), Imperial College London, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Stockholm University, University of South Bohemia, Aberystwyth University, York St John University, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Chania (CIHEAM-IAMC), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Montana State University (MSU), Lund University [Lund], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Georgian Institute of Public Affairs (GIPA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Osaka Prefecture University, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences [Bucarest] (INCDSB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Tartu, Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Jolube Consultor Botánico, Northeast Normal University, Majella National Park - Parco Nazionale della Majella, National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen], University of Tübingen, County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), University of Edinburgh, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Princeton University, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Ordu University - Ordu Üniversitesi, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Swiss National Park - Parc Naziunal Svizzer, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), University of Helsinki, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of Granada [Granada], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise (Unimol), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and University of Duisburg-Essen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biodiversity & Conservation, Microclimate, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, topoclimate, Snow, HETEROGENEITY, SCALE, database, General Environmental Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Database, Ecology, Spatial database, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, soil climate, climate change, species distributions, Biodiversity Conservation, ecosystem processes, microclimate, temperature, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, MOISTURE, 010603 evolutionary biology, soil, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, species 19 distributions, Environmental Chemistry, DISTRIBUTIONS, SCALE SOIL, Biology, climate, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Global warming, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS, 15. Life on land, Radiative forcing, MACROCLIMATE, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, SNOW, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes. ispartof: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY vol:26 issue:11 pages:6616-6629 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2020
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6. Can Topographic Variation in Climate Buffer against Climate Change-Induced Population Declines in Northern Forest Birds?

Author

Juha Aalto, Saija Kuusela, Miska Luoto, Raimo Virkkala, Niko Leikola, Ari Rajasärkkä, Risto K. Heikkinen, Faculty of Science, BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab, Department of Geosciences and Geography, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, IMPACTS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, RANGE SHIFTS, Population, Biodiversity, Climate change, population decline, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, macroclimate, Abundance (ecology), boreal, Land use, land-use change and forestry, education, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, Logging, buffering, BOREAL PROTECTED AREAS, LAND-USE CHANGE, 15. Life on land, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), TRENDS, TIME, Population decline, climate change, lcsh:Biology (General), Boreal, 13. Climate action, LATITUDE, Environmental science, BIODIVERSITY, ABUNDANCE, protected areas, topographic heterogeneity, forest bird, RESPONSES
Abstract

Increased attention is being paid to the ecological drivers and conservation measures which could mitigate climate change-induced pressures for species survival, potentially helping populations to remain in their present-day locations longer. One important buffering mechanism against climate change may be provided by the heterogeneity in topography and consequent local climate conditions. However, the buffering capacity of this topoclimate has so far been insufficiently studied based on empirical survey data across multiple sites and species. Here, we studied whether the fine-grained air temperature variation of protected areas (PAs) affects the population changes of declining northern forest bird species. Importantly to our study, in PAs harmful land use, such as logging, is not allowed, enabling the detection of the effects of temperature buffering, even at relatively moderate levels of topographic variation. Our survey data from 129 PAs located in the boreal zone in Finland show that the density of northern forest species was higher in topographically heterogeneous PAs than in topographically more homogeneous PAs. Moreover, local temperature variation had a significant effect on the density change of northern forest birds from 1981&ndash, 1999 to 2000&ndash, 2017, indicating that change in bird density was generally smaller in PAs with higher topographic variation. Thus, we found a clear buffering effect stemming from the local temperature variation of PAs in the population trends of northern forest birds.

Published
2020

7. High ecosystem service delivery potential of small woodlands in agricultural landscapes

Author

Vincent Le Roux, Annette Kolb, Steffen Ehrmann, Sara A. O. Cousins, Emilie Gallet-Moron, Ludmilla Martin, Tobias Naaf, Pieter De Frenne, Guillaume Decocq, Stefanie Gärtner, Emilie Andrieu, Taavi Paal, Brice Giffard, Marc Deconchat, Willem Proesmans, Jessica Lindgren, Karin Hansen, Pallieter De Smedt, Jaan Liira, Martin Diekmann, Jonathan Lenoir, Kris Verheyen, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Martin Hermy, Olivier Chabrerie, Jörg Brunet, Alicia Valdés, Monika Wulf, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Stockholm University, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Forest & Nat Lab, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Bremen, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, University of Tartu, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Leibniz Association, Partenaires INRAE, and Isaac, Marney

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, SCATTERED TREES, 0106 biological sciences, Insular biogeography, Biodiversity, Woodland, NUTRIENT, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, woodlands, Ecosystem services, agricultural landscapes, multifunctionality, 11. Sustainability, Anthropocene, Ecosystem, Island biogeography, PLANT DIVERSITY, 2. Zero hunger, Habitat fragmentation, island biogeography, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, FOREST PATCHES, 15. Life on land, MACROCLIMATE, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Multifunctionality, BIODIVERSITY, habitat fragmentation, FRAGMENTATION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystem services, COMMUNITIES, business, Woodlands, Agricultural landscapes, RESPONSES
Abstract

International audience; Global forest loss and fragmentation have strongly increased the frequency of forest patches smaller than a few hectares. Little is known about the biodiversity and ecosystem service supply potential of such small woodlands in comparison to larger forests. As it is widely recognized that high biodiversity levels increase ecosystem functionality and the delivery of multiple ecosystem services, small, isolated woodlands are expected to have a lower potential for ecosystem service delivery than large forests hosting more species. We collected data on the diversity of six taxonomic groups covering invertebrates, plants and fungi, and on the supply potential of five ecosystem services and one disservice within 224 woodlands distributed across temperate Europe. We related their ability to simultaneously provide multiple ecosystem services (multiservice delivery potential) at different performance levels to biodiversity of all studied taxonomic groups (multidiversity), forest patch size and age, as well as habitat availability and connectivity within the landscape, while accounting for macroclimate, soil properties and forest structure. Unexpectedly, despite their lower multidiversity, smaller woodlands had the potential to deliver multiple services at higher performance levels per area than larger woodlands of similar age, probably due to positive edge effects on the supply potential of several ecosystem services. Biodiversity only affected multiservice delivery potential at a low performance level as well as some individual ecosystem services. The importance of other drivers of ecosystem service supply potential by small woodlands in agricultural landscapes also depended on the level of performance and varied with the individual ecosystem service considered. Synthesis and applications. Large, ancient woodlands host high levels of biodiversity and can therefore deliver a number of ecosystem services. In contrast, smaller woodlands in agricultural landscapes, especially ancient woodlands, have a higher potential to deliver multiple ecosystem services on a per area basis. Despite their important contribution to agricultural landscape multifunctionality, small woodlands are not currently considered by public policies. There is thus an urgent need for targeted policy instruments to ensure their adequate management and future conservation in order to either achieve multiservice delivery at high levels or to maximize the delivery of specific ecosystem services.

Published
2020
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8. Metacommunity patterns of Amazonian Odonata: The role of environmental gradients and major rivers

Author

Paulo De Marco, Leandro Juen, Leandro Schlemmer Brasil, Fernanda Alves-Martins, Juliana Stropp, Joaquín Hortal, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Brasil), and Natural Environment Research Council (UK)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, Amazonian, Habitat integrity, Species distribution, lcsh:Medicine, Odonata, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Damselfly, Anisoptera, Zygoptera, Clementsian distributions, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, Amazonia biogeographical regions, General Medicine, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Dragonfly, Geography, Biological dispersal, Macroclimate, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Background. We identified and classified damselfly (Zygoptera) and dragonfly (Anisoptera) metacommunities in Brazilian Amazonia, relating species distribution patterns to known biological gradients and biogeographical history. We expected a random distribution of both Zygoptera and Anisoptera within interfluves. At the Amazonian scale, we expected Anisoptera metacommunities to be randomly distributed due to their higher dispersal ability and large environmental tolerance. In contrast, we expected Zygoptera communities to exhibit a Clementsian pattern, limited by the large Amazonia rivers due to their low dispersal ability. Methods. We used a dataset of 58 first-to-third order well-sampled streamlets in four Amazonian interfluves and applied an extension of the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EMS) framework, in which we order Zygoptera and Anisoptera metacommunities by known spatial and biogeographic predictors. Results. At the Amazonian scale, both Zygoptera and Anisoptera presented a Clementsian pattern, driven by the same environmental and biogeographical predictors, namely biogeographic region (interfluve), annual mean temperature, habitat integrity and annual precipitation. At the interfluve scale, results were less consistent and only partially support our hypothesis. Zygoptera metacommunities at Guiana and Anisoptera metacommunities at Tapajós were classified as random, suggesting that neutral processes gain importance at smaller spatial scales. Discussion. Our findings were consistent with previous studies showing that environmental gradients and major rivers limit the distribution of Odonata communities, supporting that larger Amazonian rivers act as barriers for the dispersal of this group. In addition, the importance of habitat integrity indicates that intactness of riparian vegetation is an important filter shaping metacommunity structure of Amazonian stream Odonata., This work was supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—CAPES (120147/2016-01), Brazil National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq (303252/2013-8, 574008/2008-0, 305542/2010-9,478884/2008-7, 314523/2014-6), Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation EMBRAPA (SEG 02.08.06.005.00), the UK Darwin Initiative (17023), The Nature Conservancy and the Natural Environment Research Council—NERC (NE/F01614X/1 and NE/G000816/1).

Published
2019

9. Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe

Author

Jonathan Lenoir, Martin Kopecký, David A. Coomes, Gauthier Buyse, Pieter De Frenne, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Florian Zellweger, František Máliš, Keith Kirby, Jan den Ouden, Fabien Spicher, Monika Wulf, Leen Depauw, Sybryn L. Maes, Jörg Brunet, Wolfgang Schmidt, Steffi Heinrichs, Kris Verheyen, Zellweger, Florian [0000-0003-1265-9147], Coomes, David [0000-0002-8261-2582], Lenoir, Jonathan [0000-0003-0638-9582], Brunet, Jörg [0000-0003-2667-4575], Kopecký, Martin [0000-0002-1018-9316], Máliš, František [0000-0003-2760-6988], den Ouden, Jan [0000-0003-1518-2460], Jaroszewicz, Bogdan [0000-0002-2042-8245], Verheyen, Kris [0000-0002-2067-9108], De Frenne, Pieter [0000-0002-8613-0943], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Basel (Unibas), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), University of Oxford [Oxford], Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forest Ecol & Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Warsaw (UW), Forest & Nature Laboratory, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Forest & Nature Lab - Department of Plant Production, and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, SURFACE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Microclimate, Climate change, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Atmospheric sciences, Temperate deciduous forest, forest composition, global warming, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, macroclimate, understorey, LIMITS, MANAGEMENT, temperature buffering, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, MICROCLIMATE, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, canopy density, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Biology and Life Sciences, Understory, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Research Papers, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, climate change, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Temperate rainforest, microclimate, Woody plant, RESPONSES, Research Paper, forest structure
Abstract

International audience; Aim. Forest understorey microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of understorey microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e., local factors) and the forest patch size and distance to the coast (i.e., landscape factors). Location. Temperate forests in Europe. Time period. 2017–2018. Major taxa studied. Woody plants. Methods. We combined data from a microclimate sensor network with weather‐station records to calculate the difference, or offset, between temperatures measured inside and outside forests. We used regression analysis to study the effects of local and landscape factors on the seasonal offset of minimum, mean and maximum temperatures. Results. The maximum temperature during the summer was on average cooler by 2.1 °C inside than outside forests, and the minimum temperatures during the winter and spring were 0.4 and 0.9 °C warmer. The local canopy cover was a strong nonlinear driver of the maximum temperature offset during summer, and we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast the deepest shade. Seasonal offsets of minimum temperature were mainly regulated by landscape and topographic features, such as the distance to the coast and topographic position. Main conclusions. Forest organisms experience less severe temperature extremes than suggested by currently available macroclimate data; therefore, climate–species relationships and the responses of species to anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately in forests using macroclimate data alone. Changes in canopy cover and composition will strongly modulate the warming of maximum temperatures in forest understories, with important implications for understanding the responses of forest biodiversity and functioning to the combined threats of land‐use change and climate change. Our predictive models are generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous forests, providing ecologically important microclimate data for forest understories.

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