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1. Genomic evidence for global ocean plankton biogeography shaped by large-scale current systems

Author: Richter, Daniel J., Watteaux, Romain, Vannier, Thomas, Leconte, Jade, Frémont, Paul, Reygondeau, Gabriel, Maillet, Nicolas, Henry, Nicolas, Benoit, Gaëtan, da Silva, Ophélie, Delmont, Tom O., Fernández-Guerra, Antonio, Suweis, Samir, Narci, Romain, Berney, Cedric, Eveillard, Damien, Gavory, Frederick, Guidi, Lionel, Labadie, Karine, Mahieu, Eric, Poulain, Julie, Romac, Sarah, Roux, Simon, Dimier, Céline, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Picheral, Marc, Searson, Sarah, Oceans, Tara, Pesant, Stéphane, Aury, Jean-Marc, Brum, Jennifer R., Lemaitre, Claire, Pelletier, Eric, Bork, Peer, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Lombard, Fabien, Karp-Boss, Lee, Bowler, Chris, Sullivan, Matthew B., Karsenti, Eric, Mariadassou, Mahendra, Probert, Ian, Peterlongo, Pierre, Wincker, Patrick, Vargas, Colomban de, Ribera d’Alcalà, Maurizio, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre National de Séquençage (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Università degli Studi di Milano, Université Paris Sciences & Lettres, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Science Foundation (US), Veolia Foundation, Région Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L’Orient, Fondation EDF, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), University of British Columbia (UBC), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze FIsiche della Materia (CNISM), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement [Jouy-En-Josas] (MaIAGE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Combinatoire et Bioinformatique (LS2N - équipe COMBI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), University of Maine, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), French National Research Agency (ANR)HYDROGEN/ANR-14CE23-0001, National Science Foundation (NSF)OCE-1536989, OCE-1829831, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Graphene Flagship, European Project: 634486,H2020,H2020-BG-2014-2,INMARE(2015), European Project: 287589,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-OCEAN-2011,MICRO B3(2012), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Combinatoire et Bioinformatique (COMBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs Applications (CMLA), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Infectiologie Santé Publique (ISP-311), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique (LINA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeography, Oceans and Seas, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, plankton biogeography, genomics, Ecosystem, genetics, 14. Life underwater, microbial oceanography, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Seascape, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, metagenomics, General Immunology and Microbiology, Geography, General Neuroscience, Ocean current, fungi, Community structure, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Metagenomics, metabarcoding, ecology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: Biogeographical studies have traditionally focused on readily visible organisms, but recent technological advances are enabling analyses of the large-scale distribution of microscopic organisms, whose biogeographical patterns have long been debated. Here we assessed the global structure of plankton geography and its relation to the biological, chemical, and physical context of the ocean (the ‘seascape’) by analyzing metagenomes of plankton communities sampled across oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition, in light of environmental data and ocean current transport. Using a consistent approach across organismal sizes that provides unprecedented resolution to measure changes in genomic composition between communities, we report a pan-ocean, size-dependent plankton biogeography overlying regional heterogeneity. We found robust evidence for a basin-scale impact of transport by ocean currents on plankton biogeography, and on a characteristic timescale of community dynamics going beyond simple seasonality or life history transitions of plankton., We thank the commitment of the following people and sponsors who made this expedition possible: CNRS (in particular Groupement de Recherche GDR3280), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genoscope/CEA, Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders, VIB, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, UNIMIB, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University (ANR-11-IDEX-0001–02), the French Government ANR (projects FRANCE GENOMIQUE/ANR-10-INBS-09, MEMO LIFE/ANR-10-LABX-54, POSEIDON/ANR-09-BLAN-0348, PROMETHEUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-217, MAPPI/ANR-2010-COSI-004, TARA-GIRUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-218), US NSF grant DEB-1031049, FWO, BIO5, Biosphere 2, Agnès b., the Veolia Environment Foundation, Région Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L’Orient, the EDF Foundation EDF Diversiterre, FRB, the Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation, Etienne Bourgois, the Tara schooner and its captain and crew. We thank MERCATOR-CORIOLIS and ACRI-ST for providing daily satellite data during the expedition. The bulk of genomic computations were performed using the Airain HPC machine provided through GENCI- [TGCC/CINES/IDRIS] (grants t2011076389, t2012076389, t2013036389, t2014036389, t2015036389 and t2016036389). We are also grateful to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs for supporting the expedition and to the countries who granted us sampling permissions.
Published: 2022

2. Newly Evaluated Neutron Reaction Data on Chromium Isotopes

Author: Klaus H Guber, Goran Arbanas, David Brown, Marco T. Pigni, A. Cuadra, J. Gutierrez, Andrej Trkov, David Bernard, R. Arcilla, B. Kos, Roberto Capote, P. Leconte, and Gustavo Nobre
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Nuclear Theory, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Resonance, Nuclear data, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Electromagnetic shielding, Neutron source, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Neutron reaction data for the set of major chromium isotopes were reevaluated from the thermal energy range up to 20 MeV. In the low energy region, updates to the thermal values together with an improved $R$-matrix analysis of the resonance parameters characterizing the cluster of large $s$-wave resonances for $^{50,53}$Cr isotopes were performed. In the intermediate and high energy range up to 20 MeV, the evaluation methodology used statistical nuclear reaction models implemented in the EMPIRE code within the Hauser-Feshbach framework to evaluate the reaction cross sections and angular distributions. Exceptionally, experimental data were used to evaluate relevant cross sections above the resonance region up to 5 MeV in the major $^{52}$Cr isotope. Evaluations were benchmarked with Monte Carlo simulations of a small suite of critical assemblies highly sensitive to Chromium data, and with the Oktavian shielding benchmark to judge deep penetration performance with a 14-MeV D-T neutron source. A significant improvement in performance is demonstrated compared to existing evaluations., Submitted to Nuclear Data Sheets. 41 pages, 44 Figures, 13 Tables
Published: 2021

3. Assessing the capabilities of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission for large lake water surface elevation monitoring under different wind conditions

Author: Gabriela Siles, Mélanie Trudel, Jean Bergeron, Robert Leconte, Damien Desroches, and Daniel L. Peters
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Wetland, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:TD1-1066, Water balance, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, SWOT analysis, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:T, Elevation, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, 020801 environmental engineering, Ocean surface topography, lcsh:G, Environmental science, Seawater, Satellite, Surface water
Abstract: Lakes are important sources of freshwater and provide essential ecosystem services. Monitoring their spatial and temporal variability, and their functions, is an important task within the development of sustainable water management strategies. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will provide continuous information on the dynamics of continental (rivers, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) and ocean water bodies. This work aims to contribute to the international effort evaluating the SWOT satellite (2022 launch) performance for water balance assessment over large lakes (e.g., >100 km2). For this purpose, a hydrodynamic model was set up over Mamawi Lake, Canada, and different wind scenarios on lake hydrodynamics were simulated. The derived water surface elevations (WSEs) were compared to synthetic elevations produced by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) SWOT high resolution (SWOT-HR) simulator. Moreover, water storages and net flows were retrieved from different possible SWOT orbital configurations and synthetic gauge measurements. In general, a good agreement was found between the WSE simulated from the model and those mimicked by the SWOT-HR simulator. Depending on the wind scenario, errors ranged between approximately −2 and 5 cm for mean error and from 30 to 70 cm root mean square error. Low spatial coverage of the lake was found to generate important biases in the retrievals of water volume or net flow between two satellite passes in the presence of local heterogeneities in WSE. However, the precision of retrievals was found to increase as spatial coverage increases, becoming more reliable than the retrievals from three synthetic gauges when spatial coverage approaches 100 %, demonstrating the capabilities of the future SWOT mission in monitoring dynamic WSE for large lakes across Canada.
Published: 2020

4. Cultivar mixture effects on disease and yield remain despite diversity in wheat height and earliness

Author: Pauline Lusley, Anne-Lise Boixel, M. Leconte, Tiphaine Vidal, Safa Ben Krima, Sébastien Saint-Jean, Claude de Vallavieille-Pope, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and ANR-13-AGRO-0008,WHEATAMIX,Augmenter la diversité génétique au sein des parcelles de blé pour renforcer la multifonctionnalité et la durabilité de la production dans le Bassin Parisien(2013)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Field experiment, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, Plant disease resistance, 01 natural sciences, wheat diseases, intrafield diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Disease severity, Yield (wine), Genetics, Cultivar, 2. Zero hunger, Wheat diseases, fungi, cultivar mixture, food and beverages, yield, component number, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Cultivar mixtures can stabilize yield and reduce pathogen spread in plant populations. A field experiment was performed to determine (a) whether a large difference between the cultivars in the mixture (e.g., plant height or earliness) would have an impact on mixture performance, and (b) whether such differences would modify the classical rules for mixture design. Mixtures were constituted from wheat cultivars with diversity for many traits, including plant height, flowering date, disease resistance, and yield potential. The field experiment was conducted over 3 years, testing each year 72–90 mixtures of two, four, or eight cultivars, and their corresponding pure stands. Disease severity and yield of cultivar mixtures were strongly related to the mean values of the component cultivars in pure stands. Despite the considerable diversity of the mixtures tested, the classic rules (e.g., proportion of susceptible cultivars) already tested in mixtures with similar height and earliness were effective for decreasing disease severity. Agronomic heterogeneity for traits such as plant height, yield potential, or earliness of the cultivars in mixtures did not have a negative impact on disease severity and yield relative to pure stands. Increasing the number of cultivars in the mixture from two to eight had no impact on the mean disease severity and yield of the mixtures, but reduced the variability of disease severity and yield in the mixture relative to pure stands. These results suggest that it may be possible to increase within‐field wheat diversity by combining more contrasting cultivars in mixtures than was previously thought.
Published: 2020

5. Pathotype diversification in the invasive PstS2 clonal lineage of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causing yellow rust on durum and bread wheat in Lebanon and Syria in 2010–2011

Author: Claude de Vallavieille-Pope, Bochra A. Bahri, M. Leconte, Rola El Amil, Sajid Ali, K. Nazari, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI), Bekaa, Lebanon, Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture, University of Georgia [USA], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [Turquie] (ICARDA), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Borlaug Global Rust Initiative and Egide France, Innovation Fund Denmark, Ministry of Higher Education and Science, and RUSTFIGHT, Grant/Award Number: 11-116241
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Lineage (genetic), CLONAGE POPULATIONS, INVASION, Population, Virulence, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Rust, 03 medical and health sciences, Genotype, Genetics, education, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, WHEAT YELLOW (STRIPE) RUST, Host (biology), SSR, PATHOTYPE, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, VIRULENCE, Microsatellite, Puccinia striiformis, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Yellow rust is the major wheat disease in central West Asia and North Africa. Recently, severe epidemics have occurred, with major yield losses in 2010–2011 in Lebanon and Syria. We conducted an extensive field survey, with a collection of 273 samples of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici , to explore the origin of these epidemics. All samples were genotyped with 20 microsatellite markers, and 54 isolates were pathotyped. The population was dominated by the PstS2 lineage, which has spread worldwide since 2000 and displays considerable pathotype diversity (10 pathotypes). The 22 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) detected corresponded to variants of the clonal lineage PstS2, but they differed from the common PstS2 genotype found in the worldwide study conducted between 1981 and 2010. No strong differentiation was observed between Lebanon and Syria. The dominant MLG in Syria was common to both countries. Nine MLGs were found exclusively in the Syrian population and four were restricted to the Lebanese population, including the dominant MLG in Lebanon. The predominant MLG‐11 was found in nine pathotypes, at high frequency. The dominant pathotype in Syria was virulent against widely deployed resistance genes (Yr2 , Yr6 , Yr7 , Yr9 , Yr25 , and Yr27 ); virulence against Yr3 , Yr8 , Yr17 , and YrSP occurred at various frequencies, but Yr1 , Yr4 , Yr5 , Yr10 , Yr15 , and Yr32 were effective against all isolates. No host effect was detected. The presence of diverse host populations consisting of landraces and elite varieties, and diverse climatic conditions may account for the unexpectedly high diversity of this clonal population.
Published: 2020

6. Spatiotemporal Changes in Varietal Resistance to Wheat Yellow Rust in France Reveal an Increase in Field Resistance Level During the Period 1985-2018

Author: M. Leconte, Jérôme Enjalbert, Rémi Perronne, Philippe du Cheyron, Florence Dubs, Claude de Vallavieille-Pope, Tiphaine Vidal, Valérie Cadot, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ARVALIS, GEVES, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], 773311, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, 513959, European Framework Programme 6, 031499, European Framework Programme 6 Rex, 265865, European Framework Programme 7, 11-116241, Ministry of Higher Education and Science, ANR-11-LABX-0034, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, European Project: 773311,European Union, European Project: 513959,EFP6, European Project: 031499,EFP6Rex, and European Project: 265865,EFP7
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Biology, Plant disease resistance, all-stage race-specific resistance, 01 natural sciences, Rust, epidemic, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, stripe (yellow) rust, disease control and pest management, genetics and resistance, pathogene, weighted average age of varieties, Triticum, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, adult plant non-race-specific resistance, Resistance (ecology), Basidiomycota, food and beverages, Agronomy, agricultural, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fungal pathogens, France, field adult plant resistance level, genetic, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Online; International audience; Monitoring spatiotemporal changes in varietal resistance and understanding its drivers seem essential to managing plant diseases but require having access to the genetic basis of disease resistance and to its deployment. In this study, we focused on yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ) for three decades in France, by using field adult plant resistance levels, Yr race-specific resistance genes of varieties, presence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotypes and their virulence profiles, and systematic surveys of the acreages of bread wheat varieties available at a yearly survey time and at a district level. Based on these data, we studied spatiotemporal changes in varietal resistance over the period from 1985 to 2018 in 54 French administrative districts (hereafter “departments”) by using a set of relevant indicators weighted by the relative acreage proportion of the varieties sown at the department level. Our analyses revealed an increase in varietal resistance over decades that would be due to the accumulation of both quantitative resistance and different race-specific resistance genes. We suggest that, beyond breeders, several actors, including examination offices, agricultural advisory services, and farmers, may have had a substantial influence on these spatiotemporal changes, promoting more resistant varieties and the rapid replacement of newly susceptible varieties by still resistant ones at the beginning of each epidemic.
Published: 2021

7. Measurement of U238(n,n′γ ) cross section data and their impact on reaction models

Author: P. Romain, G. Rudolf, N. Nankov, C. De Saint Jean, Toshihiko Kawano, A. Bacquias, A. Olacel, R. Wynants, M. Kerveno, M. Dupuis, P. Dessagne, Roberto Capote, J.C. Drohé, Fabio Belloni, M. Stanoiu, A. Negret, Markus Nyman, M. Boromiza, C. Rouki, C. Borcea, S. Hilaire, Pierre Leconte, G. Henning, D. Bernard, and A. J. M. Plompen
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear structure, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Neutron temperature, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Reaction model, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A better knowledge of $(n,xn)$ reaction cross sections is important for both reaction modeling and energy applications. This article focuses on inelastic scattering of neutrons off $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ for which improvements are needed to better constrain evaluations and solve inconsistencies in nuclear power reactor calculations. A new precise measurement of $(n,xn\ensuremath{\gamma})$ reaction cross sections on $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ has been performed at the GELINA (Geel Electron LINear Accelerator) neutron facility operated by EC-JRC-Geel (Belgium) with the GRAPhEME (GeRmanium array for Actinides PrEcise MEasurements) setup. The prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy method coupled to time-of-flight measurements is used to extract $(n,xn\ensuremath{\gamma})$ cross section values which can be further combined to infer the total neutron inelastic scattering cross section. Cross section data for 18 $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transitions (five never measured before) are presented and compared to the data in the literature. Emphasis is especially given to the uncertainty determination to produce partial cross section data as accurate as possible. Due to intrinsic limitations of the experimental method, the use of additional nuclear structure information coupled with theoretical modeling is required to determine the total $(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ cross section over the whole neutron energy range. We have investigated modeling aspects of the $^{238}\mathrm{U}(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ cross sections related to the description of compound nucleus and preequilibirum mechanisms as well as the discrete part of nuclear structure. Through comparison between experimental and calculated $(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ cross sections, we pinpoint inaccuracies in the description of specific reaction mechanisms and challenge recently implemented models. This helps improving the whole modeling of the $(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ reaction.
Published: 2021

8. GeoClimate: a Geospatial processing toolbox for environmental and climate studies

Author: Camille Noûs, Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold, Sylvain Palominos, Erwan Bocher, Jérémy Bernard, François Leconte, Gwendall Petit, Equipe DECIDE (Lab-STICC_DECIDE), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Gothenburg (GU), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), and Laboratoire Cogitamus
Subjects: Geospatial analysis, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land use, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Energy consumption, Land cover, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Field (geography), 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, Impervious surface, Environmental science, Climate model, Urban heat island, business, computer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Human activities induce changes on land use and land cover. These changes are most significant in urban areas where topographic features (e.g., building, road) affect the density of impervious surface areas and introduce a range of urban morphological patterns. Those characteristics impact the energy balance and modify the climate locally (e.g., inducing the so-called Urban Heat Island phenomenon).Therefore, there is a need for georeferenced morphological indicators as well as urban classifications (such as Local Climate Zones) that can be directly used for planning or as inputs of climate models. GeoClimate is dedicated to this purpose: it converts raw geographical data (OpenStreetMap and French BDTopo) into indicators useful for climate applications (sky view factor, vegetation fraction, etc.) However, its application is not limited to the climate field.The indicators calculated in GeoClimate can also be used for other diagnostic or planning purposes: studying the territory fragmentation, the influence of the urban fabric on pollution (noise or air chemical transport), the energy consumption, etc. GeoClimate is available as free and open source geospatial software.
Published: 2021

9. Restructuring of genomic provinces of surface ocean plankton under climate change

Author: Patrick Wincker, Marion Gehlen, Paul Frémont, Daniele Iudicone, Olivier Jaillon, Tom O. Delmont, Jade Leconte, Mathieu Vrac, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), ANR-09-GENM-0032,TARA-GIRUS,Inventaire et ressources génétiques de virus géants à ADN dans les milieux marins sur Tara-Oceans(2009), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecological niche, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Climate change, Plankton, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Salinity, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Temperate climate, Environmental science, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The impact of climate change on diversity, functioning and biogeography of marine plankton remains a major unresolved issue. Here, niche theory is applied to plankton metagenomes of 6 size fractions, from viruses to meso-zooplankton, sampled during the Tara Oceans expedition. Niches are used to derive plankton size-dependent structuring of the oceans south of 60°N in climato-genomic provinces characterized by signature genomes. By 2090, assuming the RCP8.5 high warming scenario, provinces would be reorganized over half of the considered ocean area and quasi-systematically displaced poleward. Particularly, tropical provinces would expand at the expense of temperate ones. Sea surface temperature is identified as the main driver of changes (50%) followed by phosphate (11%) and salinity (10%). Compositional shifts among key planktonic groups suggest impacts on the nitrogen and carbon cycles. Provinces are linked to estimates of carbon export fluxes which are projected to decrease on average by 4% in response to biogeographical restructuring.
Published: 2021

10. MIL-53 Metal–Organic Framework as a flexible cathode for lithium-oxygen batteries

Author: Bernard Goetz, Yujie Zhang, Suzy Surblé, Ben Gikonyo, Vanessa Pimenta, Magali Gauthier, Eddy Foy, Christian Serre, Servane Coste Leconte, Hicham Khodja, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP ), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (INSTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, MOMENTOM project (IRS—Initiative de Recherche Stratégique, Université Paris-Saclay), Paris Ile-de-France Region DIM 'Matériaux anciens et patrimoniaux', Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Technology, Materials science, lithium-oxygen batteries, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, Hydrothermal circulation, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, metal–organic frameworks, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, law, General Materials Science, Microscopy, QC120-168.85, QH201-278.5, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cathode, TK1-9971, 0104 chemical sciences, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, chemistry, Chemical engineering, electrochemical performance, Particle, Metal-organic framework, Lithium, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TA1-2040, 0210 nano-technology, Lithium peroxide
Abstract: Li-air batteries possess higher specific energies than the current Li-ion batteries. Major drawbacks of the air cathode include the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction (OER), high overpotentials and pore clogging during discharge processes. Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) appear as promising materials because of their high surface areas, tailorable pore sizes and catalytic centers. In this work, we propose to use, for the first time, aluminum terephthalate (well known as MIL-53) as a flexible air cathode for Li-O2 batteries. This compound was synthetized through hydrothermal and microwave-assisted routes, leading to different particle sizes with different aspect ratios. The electrochemical properties of both materials seem to be equivalent. Several behaviors are observed depending on the initial value of the first discharge capacity. When the first discharge capacity is higher, no OER occurs, leading to a fast decrease in the capacity during cycling. The nature and the morphology of the discharge products are investigated using ex situ analysis (XRD, SEM and XPS). For both MIL-53 materials, lithium peroxide Li2O2 is found as the main discharge product. A morphological evolution of the Li2O2 particles occurs upon cycling (stacked thin plates, toroids or pseudo-spheres).
Published: 2021

11. Equatorial to Polar genomic variability of the microalgae Bathycoccus prasinos

Author: Patrick Wincker, Jade Leconte, Gwenael Piganeau, Timsit Y, Olivier Jaillon, Magali Lescot, and Tom O. Delmont
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Biology, Plankton, Bathycoccus prasinos, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 13. Climate action, Metagenomics, Evolutionary biology, Phytoplankton, Temperate climate, Cosmopolitan distribution, 14. Life underwater, Adaptation, Psychrophile, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Phytoplankton plays a fundamental role in the ecology of ocean systems and is the key player in the global carbon cycle. At a time of global warming, understanding the mechanisms of its adaptation to temperature is therefore of paramount importance. Cosmopolitan planktonic species abundant in different marine environments provide both a unique opportunity and an efficient methodological tool to study the genomic bases of their adaptation. This is the case for the eukaryotic picoalga Bathycoccus prasinos, whose genomic variability we chose to study in temperate and polar oceanic waters. Using multiple metagenomic datasets, we found that ~5% of B. prasinos genomic positions are variable, with an overwhelming majority of biallelic motifs. Cold and temperate waters are clearly associated with changes in variant frequencies, whereas in transitional waters we found more balanced polymorphism at most of these positions. Mesophilic and psychrophilic gene variants are distinguished by only a few amino acid changes located at positions critical for physical and functional protein properties. These results provide new information on the genomic diversity of a cosmopolitan eukaryotic planktonic specie and reveal “minimal mutational strategies” which finely tune the properties of specific proteins at different temperatures.
Published: 2021

12. Formation of ZrC–SiC Composites from the Molecular Scale through the Synthesis of Multielement Polymers

Author: Romain Lucas, Yves Champavier, Sylvie Foucaud, Yann Leconte, Cristina Coelho Diogo, Florence Babonneau, Fabien Bouzat, Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Biologie Intégrative Santé Chimie Environnement (BISCEm), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institut des matériaux de Paris-Centre (IMPC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-BS08-0009,ARCHIFUN,Corrélations entre Architecture, Interfaces et Fonctionnalités dans les multi-matériaux Ferroélectriques :Frittage Flash et caractérisations multi-échelle 3D(2012), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Technology, Fabrication, Materials science, thermal behaviour, Hydrosilylation, Scanning electron microscope, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, Zirconium carbide, chemistry.chemical_compound, silicon carbide, General Materials Science, Ceramic, Composite material, chemistry.chemical_classification, Microscopy, QC120-168.85, QH201-278.5, Polymer, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, multielement polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 0104 chemical sciences, TK1-9971, chemistry, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, visual_art, zirconium carbide, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TA1-2040, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Macromolecule
Abstract: In the field of non-oxide ceramic composites, and by using the polymer-derived ceramic route, understanding the relationship between the thermal behaviour of the preceramic polymers and their structure, leading to the mechanisms involved, is crucial. To investigate the role of Zr on the fabrication of ZrC–SiC composites, linear or hyperbranched polycarbosilanes and polyzirconocarbosilanes were synthesised through either “click-chemistry” or hydrosilylation reactions. Then, the thermal behaviours of these polymeric structures were considered, notably to understand the impact of Zr on the thermal path going to the composites. The inorganic materials were characterised by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To link the macromolecular structure to the organisation involved during the ceramisation process, eight temperature domains were highlighted on the TG analyses, and a four-step mechanism was proposed for the polymers synthesised by a hydrosilylation reaction, as they displayed better ceramic yields. Globally, the introduction of Zr in the polymer had several effects on the temperature fragmentation mechanisms of the organometallic polymeric structures: (i) instead of stepwise mass losses, continuous fragment release prevailed, (ii) the stability of preceramic polymers was impacted, with relatively good ceramic yields, (iii) it modulated the chemical composition of the generated composites as it led, inter alia, to the consumption of free carbon.
Published: 2021

13. The joint evaluated fission and fusion nuclear data library, JEFF-3.3

Author: Davide Flammini, A. J. M. Plompen, Luca Fiorito, Olivier Litaize, Gilles Noguere, Sandro Pelloni, Mark R. Gilbert, Andrej Trkov, Wim Haeck, K.-H. Schmidt, Pierre Tamagno, J.R. Granada, S. C. van der Marck, D. H. Kim, P. Romain, Petter Helgesson, A. Stankovskiy, F. Michel-Sendis, D. Foligno, Pierre Leconte, I. Kodeli, Luiz Leal, M. Fleming, Stanislav Simakov, J. C. Sublet, F. Alvarez-Velarde, Eric Bauge, Franz-Josef Hambsch, A. Yu. Konobeyev, E. Dupont, H. I. Kim, D. Roubtsov, Rosaria Villari, O. Bersillon, Peter Schillebeeckx, Henrik Sjöstrand, C. De Saint Jean, J. I. MárquezÂ Damián, R. J. Perry, R.W. Mills, C. Jouanne, N. Leclaire, Oscar Cabellos, B. Erasmus, C.J. Diez, Ulrich Fischer, Y. O. Lee, James Dyrda, Stéphane Hilaire, D. Rochman, R. Jacqmin, M.A. Kellett, A. Krása, Massimo Angelone, A. Röhrmoser, Patrick Sauvan, T. Ware, Gašper Žerovnik, I. Hill, Pablo Romojaro, A. Chebboubi, K. Yokoyama, Pavel Pereslavtsev, F. Cantargi, A.I. Blokhin, Arjan J. Koning, B. Jansky, Mathieu Hursin, B. Morillon, Pascal Archier, Stefan Kopecky, I. Sirakov, B. Kos, H. Duarte, Mitja Majerle, H. Leeb, A. Algora, M. Pecchia, Olivier Serot, Raphaelle Ichou, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques (OCDE), CEA Cadarache, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Plompen, A. J. M., Cabellos, O., De Saint Jean, C., Fleming, M., Algora, A., Angelone, M., Archier, P., Bauge, E., Bersillon, O., Blokhin, A., Cantargi, F., Chebboubi, A., Diez, C., Duarte, H., Dupont, E., Dyrda, J., Erasmus, B., Fiorito, L., Fischer, U., Flammini, D., Foligno, D., Gilbert, M. R., Granada, J. R., Haeck, W., Hambsch, F. -J., Helgesson, P., Hilaire, S., Hill, I., Hursin, M., Ichou, R., Jacqmin, R., Jansky, B., Jouanne, C., Kellett, M. A., Kim, D. H., Kim, H. I., Kodeli, I., Koning, A. J., Konobeyev, A. Y., Kopecky, S., Kos, B., Krasa, A., Leal, L. C., Leclaire, N., Leconte, P., Lee, Y. O., Leeb, H., Litaize, O., Majerle, M., Marquezdamian, J. I., Michel-Sendis, F., Mills, R. W., Morillon, B., Noguere, G., Pecchia, M., Pelloni, S., Pereslavtsev, P., Perry, R. J., Rochman, D., Rohrmoser, A., Romain, P., Romojaro, P., Roubtsov, D., Sauvan, P., Schillebeeckx, P., Schmidt, K. H., Serot, O., Simakov, S., Sirakov, I., Sjostrand, H., Stankovskiy, A., Sublet, J. C., Tamagno, P., Trkov, A., van der Marck, S., Alvarez-Velarde, F., Villari, R., Ware, T. C., Yokoyama, K., Zerovnik, G., Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE), and Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Fission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear Data, Subatomär fysik, Nuclear physics, Subatomic Physics, 0103 physical sciences, JEFF-3.3, Nuclear fusion, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, NEA, Nuclear data, Neutron temperature, ddc, purl.org/becyt/ford/2 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3 [https], Delayed neutron, ddc:600, Radioactive decay, Neutron activation
Abstract: The joint evaluated fission and fusion nuclear data library 3.3 is described. New evaluations for neutron-induced interactions with the major actinides U , U and Pu , on Am and Na , Ni , Cr, Cu, Zr, Cd, Hf, W, Au, Pb and Bi are presented. It includes new fission yields, prompt fission neutron spectra and average number of neutrons per fission. In addition, new data for radioactive decay, thermal neutron scattering, gamma-ray emission, neutron activation, delayed neutrons and displacement damage are presented. JEFF-3.3 was complemented by files from the TENDL project. The libraries for photon, proton, deuteron, triton, helion and alpha-particle induced reactions are from TENDL-2017. The demands for uncertainty quantification in modeling led to many new covariance data for the evaluations. A comparison between results from model calculations using the JEFF-3.3 library and those from benchmark experiments for criticality, delayed neutron yields, shielding and decay heat, reveals that JEFF-3.3 performes very well for a wide range of nuclear technology applications, in particular nuclear energy., Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all contributors to the JEFF project that shared their insights and provided their specific input for the present JEFF-3.3 evaluation and its immediate predecessors JEFF-3.2 and JEFF-3.1.2.
Published: 2020

14. Pre-compensation of thermally induced refractive index changes in a depressed core fully aperiodic large-pitch fiber for high average power operation

Author: Philippe Roy, Anka Schwuchow, Baptiste Leconte, Katrin Wondraczek, Romain Dauliat, Raphaël Jamier, Marie-Alicia Malleville, XLIM (XLIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Amplifier, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cladding (fiber optics), 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Core (optical fiber), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Light beam, Fiber, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: To prevent the thermally induced spatial beam degradation occurring in high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers, index-depressed core “fully aperiodic large-pitch fibers” (FA-LPFs) have been designed and fabricated. In contrast to previous experimental works performed on FA-LPFs, in which the active core and the surrounding cladding material are quasi-index-matched, the core refractive index is in slight depression compared to the surrounding material ( Δ n ≈ − 3 × 10 − 5 ). Thus, the index-depressed fiber core tends first to behave as an anti-guide, preventing light from being properly guided into it. However, by increasing the absorbed pump power, the thermal load induces a parabolic refractive index change sufficient to compensate for the − 3 × 10 − 5 index depression in the core, enabling a robust single-mode amplification at high average power. As a proof of concept, using a 110 µm depressed core FA-LPF, M 2 values of 1.3 were demonstrated in amplifier configuration from 60 W to a maximal value of 170 W of emitted average power only limited by the available pump power.
Published: 2021

15. ARES V: No evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 spectrum of GJ 1132 b

Author: Jeroen Bouwman, Benjamin Charnay, Quentin Changeat, William Pluriel, Pierre Drossart, Amélie Gressier, Niall Whiteford, Tiziano Zingales, Mario Morvan, Ahmed Al-Refaie, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Sam Wright, Michelle Fabienne Bieger, Jérémy Leconte, Nour Skaf, Mathilde Poveda, Kai Hou Yip, Giuseppe Morello, Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Ingo Waldmann, Billy Edwards, Doriann Blain, Yassin Jaziri, Flavien Kiefer, Robin Baeyens, Gloria Guilluy, Olivia Venot, Lorenzo V. Mugnai, Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica [Palermo] (DiFC), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Institute of Astronomy [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Exeter, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica [Torino], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Centre for Exoplanet Science, School of Physical Sciences [Hobart], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie SkłodowskaCurie grant agreement No. 895525., ANR-16-CE31-0005,e-PYTHEAS,Etude des hydrocarbures en émission et absorption dasn les exoplanètes à haute température(2016), European Project: 776403,EXOPLANET, European Project: 757858,ATMO, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, HD 3167C, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS, FOS: Physical sciences, SUPER-EARTH, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 55 CNC E, Atmosphere, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM, KEPLER PLANETS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PLANETARY SYSTEM, HOT, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Science & Technology, Secondary atmosphere, EXOMOL LINE LISTS, ERROR-CORRECTION, James Webb Space Telescope, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Exoplanet, Grism, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Exoplanet atmospheres, Astronomy data analysis, Hubble Space Telescope, Exoplanets, Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Wide Field Camera 3, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a study on the spatially scanned spectroscopic observations of the transit of GJ 1132 b, a warm ($\sim$500 K) Super-Earth (1.13 R$_\oplus$) that was obtained with the G141 grism (1.125 - 1.650 $\mu$m) of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. We used the publicly available Iraclis pipeline to extract the planetary transmission spectra from the five visits and produce a precise transmission spectrum. We analysed the spectrum using the TauREx3 atmospheric retrieval code with which we show that the measurements do not contain molecular signatures in the investigated wavelength range and are best-fit with a flat-line model. Our results suggest that the planet does not have a clear primordial, hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. Instead, GJ 1132 b could have a cloudy hydrogen-dominated envelope, a very enriched secondary atmosphere, be airless, or have a tenuous atmosphere that has not been detected. Due to the narrow wavelength coverage of WFC3, these scenarios cannot be distinguished yet but the James Webb Space Telescope may be capable of detecting atmospheric features, although several observations may be required to provide useful constraints., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ
Published: 2021

16. Encoding Information on the Excited State of a Molecular Spin Chain

Author: Di Wang, Ufuk Halisdemir, D. Spor, Bhavishya Chowrira, Daniel Lacour, Samy Boukari, K. Katcko, Martin Bowen, Arnaud Boulard, Victor Da Costa, L. M. Kandpal, Franck Ngassam, Damien Mertz, Eric Beaurepaire, Michel Hehn, Mebarek Alouani, C. Kieber, Torsten Scherer, François Montaigne, A. Bahouka, B. Leconte, E. Sternitzky, N. Beyer, Pierre Panissod, F. Schleicher, Jacek Arabski, E. Urbain, Wolfgang Weber, Christian Kübel, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Nanotechnology [Karlsruhe] (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IREPA LASER (IREPA LASER), Technical University Darmstadt (TU), ANR-16-CE06-0004,NECtAR,Interfaces réactives pour la conversion d'énergie nanofluidique(2016), ANR-09-JCJC-0137,SpinMarvel,Memristive Optospintronics(2009), ANR-14-CE26-0009,Spinapse,Spinapses OptoElectroniques Interconnectées(2014), ANR-11-LABX-0058,NIE,Nanostructures en Interaction avec leur Environnement(2011), ANR-06-NANO-0033,SPINORGA,Transport polarise en spin dans des heterostructures metal ferromagnétique / molecule metalo-organique(2006), Lacour, Daniel, Interfaces réactives pour la conversion d'énergie nanofluidique - - NECtAR2016 - ANR-16-CE06-0004 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Jeunes chercheuses et jeunes chercheurs - Memristive Optospintronics - - SpinMarvel2009 - ANR-09-JCJC-0137 - JCJC - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Spinapses OptoElectroniques Interconnectées - - Spinapse2014 - ANR-14-CE26-0009 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Nanostructures en Interaction avec leur Environnement - - NIE2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0058 - LABX - VALID, Programme National en Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (PNANO) - Transport polarise en spin dans des heterostructures metal ferromagnétique / molecule metalo-organique - - SPINORGA2006 - ANR-06-NANO-0033 - PNANO - VALID, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Darmstadt - Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique
Subjects: Materials science, Spin states, Magnetoresistance, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Spin chain, Quantum technology, Biomaterials, Quantum state, 0103 physical sciences, Electrochemistry, Information encoding, 010306 general physics, Magnetic anisotropy, Spin-½, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, Spintronics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Excited state, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract: International audience; The quantum states of nano-objects can drive electrical transport properties across lateral and local-probe junctions. This raises the prospect, in a solid-state device, of electrically encoding information at the quantum level using spinflip excitations between electron spins. However, this electronic state has no defined magnetic orientation and is short-lived. Using a novel vertical nanojunction process, these limitations are overcome and this steady-state capability is experimentally demonstrated in solid-state spintronic devices. The excited quantum state of a spin chain formed by Co phthalocyanine molecules coupled to a ferromagnetic electrode constitutes a distinct magnetic unit endowed with a coercive field. This generates a specific steady-state magnetoresistance trace that is tied to the spin-flip conductance channel, and is opposite in sign to the ground state magnetoresistance term, as expected from spin excitation transition rules. The experimental 5.9 meV thermal energy barrier between the ground and excited spin states is confirmed by density functional theory, in line with macrospin phenomenological modeling of magnetotransport results. This low-voltage control over a spin chain's quantum state and spintronic contribution lay a path for transmitting spin wave-encoded information across molecular layers in devices. It should also stimulate quantum prospects for the antiferromagnetic spintronics and oxides electronics communities.
Published: 2021

17. Neutron resonance transmission analysis of cylindrical samples used for reactivity worth measurements

Author: Gilles Noguere, Luka Snoj, Benoit Geslot, Stefan Kopecky, Pierre Leconte, Jan Heyse, C. Paradela, Peter Schillebeeckx, and L. Šalamon
Subjects: Materials science, QC1-999, 020209 energy, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Neutron resonance, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Tungsten, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Reactivity (chemistry), Nuclide, Spectroscopy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics, Radiochemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry
Abstract: A characterisation of cylindrical samples by Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) at the GELINA facility of JRC Geel (Belgium) is presented. The samples were designed and produced for reactivity worth measurements in the MINERVE reactor of CEA Cadarache (France). NRTA was applied to determine the nuclide composition of UO2, Al2O3 and liquid samples that were doped with silver. The volume number densities of 238U, 107Ag and 109Ag obtained by NRTA are within 2 % fully consistent with the values that are quoted by the manufacturer. In addition, the NRTA data reveal a tungsten contamination which is not reported by the provider. It is shown that such a contamination contributes by up to 5.7 % to the reactivity worth.
Published: 2019

18. Modelling of shallow water table dynamics using conceptual and physically based integrated surface-water–groundwater hydrologic models

Author: Mathieu Nuth, Mohammad Bizhanimanzar, and Robert Leconte
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Groundwater flow, lcsh:T, Water table, MODFLOW, Hydrological modelling, 0208 environmental biotechnology, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, Groundwater recharge, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:G, Vadose zone, Environmental science, MIKE SHE, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We present a new conceptual scheme of the interaction between unsaturated and saturated zones of the MOBIDIC (MOdello Bilancio Idrologico DIstributo e Continuo) hydrological model which is applicable to shallow water table conditions. First, MODFLOW was coupled to MOBIDIC as the physically based alternative to the conceptual groundwater component of the MOBIDIC–MODFLOW. Then, assuming a hydrostatic equilibrium moisture profile in the unsaturated zone, a dynamic specific yield that is dependent on the water table level was added to MOBIDIC–MODFLOW, and calculation of the groundwater recharge in MOBIDIC was revisited using a power-type equation based on the infiltration rate, soil moisture deficit, and a calibration parameter linked to the initial water table depth, soil type, and rainfall intensity. Using the water table fluctuation (WTF) method for a homogeneous soil column, the parameter of the proposed groundwater recharge equation was determined for four soil types, i.e. sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam under a pulse of rain with different intensities. The fidelity of the introduced modifications in MOBIDIC–MODFLOW was assessed by comparison of the simulated water tables against those of MIKE SHE, a physically based integrated hydrological modelling system simulating surface and groundwater flow, in two numerical experiments: a two-dimensional case of a hypothetical watershed in a vertical plane (constant slope) under a 1 cm d−1 uniform rainfall rate and a quasi-real three-dimensional watershed under 1 month of a measured daily rainfall hyetograph. The comparative analysis confirmed that the simplified approach can mimic simple and complex groundwater systems with an acceptable level of accuracy. In addition, the computational efficiency of the proposed approach (MIKE SHE took 180 times longer to solve the three-dimensional case than the MOBIDIC–MODFLOW framework) demonstrates its applicability to real catchment case studies.
Published: 2019

19. Modeling and prediction of devolatilization and elemental composition of wood during mild pyrolysis in a pilot-scale reactor

Author: Mathieu Pétrissans, Edgar A. Silveira, Yu Ying Lin, Wei Hsin Chen, Patrick Rousset, Bo Jhih Lin, Baptiste Colin, Anélie Pétrissans, François Leconte, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment-KMUTT, Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE [ANR-11-LABX-0002-01], Lorraine Region Council in France, and Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST 106-2923-E-006-002-MY3]
Subjects: K50 - Technologie des produits forestiers, 0106 biological sciences, Softwood, Materials science, P06 - Sources d'énergie renouvelable, Raw material, Combustion, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Bois, higher heating value, Hardwood, biochar, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, mild pyrolysis kinetics, wood heat treatment and torrefaction, 010405 organic chemistry, elemental composition prediction, Composition chimique, Solid fuel, Torrefaction, Pulp and paper industry, devolatilization, 0104 chemical sciences, 13. Climate action, Pyrolyse, Heat of combustion, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Agronomy and Crop Science, Pyrolysis, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Mild pyrolysis, operated at 200-300 degrees C in an inert atmosphere, is a promising technology to produce sustainable materials (i.e., heat treated woods for construction and building) and solid fuels (i.e., torrefied woods or biochars for combustion and gasification). To aid in process and reactor design, the aim of this work is to conduct thermal degradation kinetics of wood. A two-step kinetics model is developed to predict the elemental composition (C, H, and 0) and devolatilization dynamics of wood materials during heat treatment in a pilot-scale reactor by kinetic analysis. A hardwood poplar (Populus nigra) and a softwood fir (Abies pectinata) sever as feedstock, and the experiments are carried out at 200-230 degrees C with a heating rate of 0.2 degrees C min(-1) in a low-pressure environment (200 hPa). The predictions in the weight losses of the woods are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The evolutions of solids, volatiles, elements (C, H, and O), and the heating values of treated woods are further analyzed. The predictions suggest that the intermediate solid is the main product, and almost all the woods are converted when the treatment temperature is as high as 230 degrees C. The devolatilization process, which is responsible for the mass loss of wood, can be clearly identified, and the volatile liberation amounts from poplar and fir at 230 degrees C are 17.05 and 12.44 wt%, respectively. The predicted HHVs of treated woods from the empirical formula are between 19.62 and 20.55 MJ kg and the enhancement factors at the end of treatment are between 1.01 and 1.07 which is close to torrefied wood after light torrefaction. During the treatment, the extents of decarbonization, dehydrogenation, and deoxygenation in fir are all smaller than those in poplar, resulting from the lower intensity of devolatilization in the former.
Published: 2019

20. Identification of New Antimicrobial Peptides that Contribute to the Bactericidal Activity of Egg White against Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis at 45 °C

Author: Michel Gautier, Sylvie Bonnassie, Marie-Françoise Cochet, Sophie Jan, Nadine Leconte, Françoise Nau, Valérie Briard-Bion, Florence Baron, Catherine Guérin-Dubiard, Simon C. Andrews, Julien Jardin, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes 1 - UFR Sciences de la vie et de l'environnement (UR1 SVE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), School of Biological Sciences, Knight Building, University of Reading (UOR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes - UFR Sciences de la vie et de l'environnement (UR SVE), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Serotype, chemistry.chemical_classification, antimicrobial activity, Chemistry, Salmonella enteritidis, 010401 analytical chemistry, Antimicrobial peptides, Peptide, Salmonella Enteritidis, General Chemistry, Antimicrobial, Metrics & More Article Recommendations egg white, 01 natural sciences, Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, peptide, 0104 chemical sciences, Microbiology, Ultrafiltration (renal), [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, ultrafiltration, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, Egg white
Abstract: International audience; A recent work revealed that egg white (EW) at 45°C exhibits powerful bactericidal activity against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, which is surprisingly little affected by removal of the >10 kDa EW proteins. Here, we sought to identify the major EW factors responsible for this bactericidal activity by fractionating EW using ultrafiltration and nanofiltration and by characterizing the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the resulting fractions. In particular, 22 peptides were identified by nano-LC/MS-MS and the bactericidal activities of representative peptides (with predicted antimicrobial activity) were further assessed. Two peptides (FVPPVQR and GDPSAWSWGAEAHS) were found to be bactericidal against S. enterica serovar Enteritidis at 45°C when provided in an EW environment. Nevertheless, these peptides contribute only part of this bactericidal activity, suggesting other, yet to be determined, antimicrobial factors.
Published: 2021

21. Formation and dynamics of water clouds on temperate sub-Neptunes: the example of K2-18b

Author: Bruno Bézard, Aurelien Falco, Jérémy Leconte, Doriann Blain, Martin Turbet, Benjamin Charnay, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ECLIPSE 2021, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Metallicity, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Cloud condensation nuclei, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, planets and satellites: atmospheres, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Exoplanet, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Water vapor, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Hubble (HST) spectroscopic transit observations of the temperate sub-Neptune K2-18b were interpreted as the presence of water vapour with potential water clouds. 1D modelling studies also predict the formation of water clouds at some conditions. However, such models cannot predict the cloud cover, driven by atmospheric dynamics and thermal contrasts, and thus their real impact on spectra. The main goal of this study is to understand the formation, distribution and observational consequences of water clouds on K2-18b and other temperate sub-Neptunes. We simulated the atmospheric dynamics, water cloud formation and spectra of K2-18b for H2-dominated atmosphere using a 3D GCM. We analysed the impact of atmospheric composition (with metallicity from 1*solar to 1000*solar), concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and planetary rotation rate. Assuming that K2-18b has a synchronous rotation, we show that the atmospheric circulation in the upper atmosphere essentially corresponds to a symmetric day-to-night circulation. This regime preferentially leads to cloud formation at the substellar point or at the terminator. Clouds form for metallicity >100*solar with relatively large particles. For 100-300*solar metallicity, the cloud fraction at the terminators is small with a limited impact on transit spectra. For 1000*solar metallicity, very thick clouds form at the terminator. The cloud distribution appears very sensitive to the concentration of CCN and to the planetary rotation rate. Fitting HST transit data with our simulated spectra suggests a metallicity of ~100-300*solar. In addition, we found that the cloud fraction at the terminator can be highly variable, leading to a potential variability in transit spectra. This effect could be common on cloudy exoplanets and could be detectable with multiple transit observations., Accepted for publication in A&A. 16 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2021

22. Visualization of the flat electronic band in twisted bilayer graphene near the magic angle twist

Author: Paul D. Ashby, Jiayi Zhu, Alex Zettl, Roland J. Koch, Feng Wang, Kenji Watanabe, Chris Jozwiak, Eli Rotenberg, Kyunghoon Lee, Alexander Weber-Bargioni, Takashi Taniguchi, Sihan Zhao, Nicolas Leconte, Aaron Bostwick, Jeil Jung, M. Iqbal Bakti Utama, Lili Jiang, and Hongyuan Li
Subjects: Physics, Magic angle, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Photoemission spectroscopy, Fluids & Plasmas, Van Hove singularity, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Position and momentum space, Electronic structure, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical Sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), cond-mat.mes-hall, Physical Sciences, 010306 general physics, Bilayer graphene, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract: Bilayer graphene was theorized to host a moire miniband with flat dispersion if the layers are stacked at specific twist angles known as the magic angles. Recently, such twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with the first magic angle twist was reported to exhibit correlated insulating state and superconductivity, where the presence of the flat miniband in the system is thought to be essential for the emergence of these ordered phases in the transport measurements. Tunneling spectroscopy and electronic compressibility measurements in tBLG have revealed a van Hove singularity that is consistent with the presence of the flat miniband. However, a direct observation of the flat dispersion in the momentum-space of such moire miniband in tBLG is still elusive. Here, we report the visualization of the flat moire miniband by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with nanoscale resolution (nanoARPES). The high spatial resolution in nanoARPES enabled the measurement of the local electronic structure of the tBLG. We clearly demonstrate the existence of the flat moire band near the charge neutrality for tBLG close to the magic angle at room temperature., 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2021

23. Build-up and relaxation of membrane fouling deposits produced during crossflow ultrafiltration of casein micelle dispersions at 12 °C and 42 °C probed by in situ SAXS

Author: Javier Pérez, Nicolas Hengl, Floriane Doudiès, Fabienne Garnier-Lambrouin, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, Frédéric Pignon, Nadine Leconte, Mohamed Karrouch, Maksym Loginov, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP (LRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Beamline SWING, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Membrane fouling, Reversibility of compression, Relaxation, Materials science, Ultrafiltration, Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Micelle, law.invention, law, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, General Materials Science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Swelling, Filtration, Concentration polarization, Fouling, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Milk filtration, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Skim milk filtration is performed either at low or high temperature. However, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the influence of temperature on membrane fouling. We used in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study external membrane fouling during crossflow ultrafiltration of milk protein (casein micelle) dispersions at 12 • C and 42 • C. Casein micelle concentration distribution was measured in the concentration polarization layer and the deposit in a three-step filtration experiment that consisted of (i) fouling development step (with applied pressure and average cross-flow velocity fixed at 110 kPa and 3.1 cm s − 1 , respectively), (ii) pressure relaxation step (with pressure reduced to 10 kPa), and (iii) deposit erosion step (with crossflow velocity increased to 15.6 cm s − 1). Despite a higher average filtrate flux obtained at 42 • C, filtration at 42 • C resulted in the formation of a thicker and more concentrated deposit than filtration at 12 • C. At both temperatures studied, subsequent pressure relaxation resulted in deposit swelling, which was more intense in the less-compressed external part of the deposit. Deposit swelling rate was significantly higher at 42 • C than at 12 • C. The swelled deposit obtained at 42 • C was more eroded by the crossflow compared to the poorly swelled deposit obtained at 12 •. This suggests that deposit formation and compression were more reversible at 42 • C than at 12 • C.
Published: 2021

24. Ultrasonic Sprayed Aerosol for Ultrafine Ceramic Powder Synthesis

Author: Sylvie Foucaud, Yann Leconte, IRCER - Axe 4 : céramiques sous contraintes environnementales (IRCER-AXE4), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris-Saclay [Villejuif], Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Metallurgy, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Aerosol, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ultrasonic sensor, Ceramic, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

25. Zonal profile corrugations and staircase formation: Role of the transport crossphase

Author: M. Leconte and T. Kobayashi
Subjects: Physics, Turbulence, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, Action (physics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nonlinear system, Modulational instability, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Turn (geometry), Electric potential, 010306 general physics, Particle flux
Abstract: Recently, quasi-stationary structures called $E \times B$ staircases were observed in gyrokinetic simulations, in all transport channels [Dif-Pradalier et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 085004 (2015)]. We present a novel analytical theory - supported by collisional drift-wave fluid simulations - for the generation of density profile corrugations (staircase), independent of the action of zonal flows: Turbulent fluctuations self-organize to generate quasi-stationary radial modulations $\Delta\theta(r,t)$ of the transport crossphase $\theta$ between density and electric potential fluctuations. The radial modulations of the associated particle flux drive zonal corrugations of the density profile, via a modulational instability. In turn, zonal density corrugations regulate the turbulence via nonlinear damping of the fluctuations., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures (low-quality figures)
Published: 2021
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26. Unconventional features in the quantum Hall regime of disordered graphene : Percolating impurity states and Hall conductance quantization

Author: Frank Ortmann, Alessandro Cresti, Nicolas Leconte, Stephan Roche, ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), European Project: 604391,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2013-FET-F,GRAPHENE(2013), European Commission, German Research Foundation, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Graphene, FOS: Physical sciences, Conductance, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Quantization (physics), Quantum spin Hall effect, law, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], media_common
Abstract: We report on the formation of critical states in disordered graphene, at the origin of variable and unconventional transport properties in the quantum Hall regime, such as a zero-energy Hall conductance plateau in the absence of an energy band gap and Landau-level degeneracy breaking. By using efficient real-space transport methodologies, we compute both the dissipative and Hall conductivities of large-size graphene sheets with random distribution of model single and double vacancies. By analyzing the scaling of transport coefficients with defect density, system size, and magnetic length, we elucidate the origin of anomalous quantum Hall features as magnetic-field-dependent impurity states, which percolate at some critical energies. These findings shed light on unidentified states and quantum-transport anomalies reported experimentally., This research is partly funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant No. 604391 Graphene Flagship. ICN2 acknowledges support from the Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO, Grant No. SEV-2013-0295). F.O. would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support (Grant No. OR 349/1-1).
Published: 2021

27. Pyrolysis kinetics of potassium-impregnated rubberwood analyzed by evolutionary computation

Author: Mathieu Pétrissans, François Leconte, Baptiste Colin, Anélie Pétrissans, Bo Jhih Lin, Yu Ying Lin, Wei Hsin Chen, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics [Tainan], National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University [Taichung], Department of Mechanical Engineering [Taichung], and National Chin-Yi University of Technology (NCUT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Thermogravimetric analysis, Environmental Engineering, Potassium, Pyrolysis kinetics, chemistry.chemical_element, Lignocellulosic biomass, Impregnation, Bioengineering, 010501 environmental sciences, Lignin, 01 natural sciences, Potassium carbonate, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Independent parallel reaction, (IPR) model, 010608 biotechnology, Potassium catalyst, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Biomass, Cellulose, Rubberwood, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, General Medicine, Kinetics, Chemical engineering, Thermogravimetry, Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Pyrolysis
Abstract: To explore the catalytic effect of potassium on pyrolysis characteristics of biomass, the rubberwood is pyrolyzed by a thermogravimetric analyzer. The samples are impregnated by three concentrations of potassium carbonate (0.004 M, 0.008 M, and 0.012 M). The pyrolysis kinetics is analyzed by an independent parallel reaction (IPR) model to describe the catalytic effect on the four-pseudo components model in the rubberwood. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to optimize the fit quality between the established kinetic models and experimental data. It is found that the pyrolysis of rubberwood impregnated with 0.012 M concentration of K2CO3 can reduce the activation energy of cellulose from 223.86 to 204.14 kJ mol−1, whereas there is no obvious effect on the activation energies of hemicelluloses and lignin. The starting temperature and ending temperature of cellulose thermodegradation also move toward lower temperatures, indicating that the addition of potassium enhances the degradation of cellulose.
Published: 2021

28. Quantum transport in chemically functionalized graphene at high magnetic field : Defect-induced critical states and breakdown of electron-hole symmetry

Author: Nicolas Leconte, Jean-Christophe Charlier, Stephan Roche, Frank Ortmann, Alessandro Cresti, Cresti, Alessandro, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, Australian Research Council, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), ICN2 - Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Institute of Condensed Matterand Nanosciences,Catholic University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, BELGIUM (IMCN), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la matière condensée et des nanosciences / Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), and European Project: 604391,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2013-FET-F,GRAPHENE(2013)
Subjects: Monatomic gas, FOS: Physical sciences, Critical states, 02 engineering and technology, Electron hole, Quantum Hall effect, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, quantum Hall effect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Functionalization, Scaling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Quantum hHall effect, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Mechanical Engineering, Conductance, General Chemistry, Landau quantization, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Symmetry (physics), Magnetic field, Oxygen, Mechanics of Materials, Localization, Graphene, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: arXiv:1405.3766v1, Unconventional magnetotransport fingerprints in the quantum Hall regime (with applied magnetic fields from one to several tens of Tesla) in chemically functionalized graphene are reported. Upon chemical adsorption of monoatomic oxygen (from $0.5\%$ to few percents), the electron-hole symmetry of Landau levels (LLs) is broken, while a double-peaked conductivity develops at low-energy, resulting from the formation of critical states conveyed by the random network of defects-induced impurity states. Scaling analysis hints towards the existence of an additional zero-energy quantized Hall conductance plateau, which is here not connected to degeneracy lifting of LLs by sublattice symmetry breaking. This singularly contrasts with usual interpretation, and unveils a new playground for tailoring the fundamental characteristics of the quantum Hall effect., J-CC and NL acknowledge financial support from the FRS-FNRS of Belgium. This research is directly connected to the ARC on ‘Graphene Nano-electromechanics’ (no. 11/16-037) sponsored by the Communauté Française de Belgique, and funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for funding (MAT2012-33911). This research is partly funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 604391 Graphene Flagship.
Published: 2021

29. Mass balance approach to assess the impact of cadmium decrease in mineral phosphate fertilizers on health risk: The case-study of French agricultural soils

Author: Stéphane Leconte, Amélie Crépet, Gilles Rivière, Camille Dumat, Antonio Bispo, Nicolas Breysse, Isabelle Déportes, Véronique Sirot, Géraldine Carne, Pierre-Marie Badot, Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction de l'évaluation des produits réglementés (DEPR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and We are grateful to the ANSES Expert Panels on 'Health reference values', 'Fertilizers and growing media' and 'Assessment of the physical and chemical risks in foods' for proofreading and validating this work. We are grateful to the INFOSOL-INRAE research unit for providing and authorising the use of French soil data.
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, MESH: Cadmium, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), human exposure, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, MESH: Fertilizers, 01 natural sciences, Phosphates, 12. Responsible consumption, Toxicology, Soil, Food chain, Humans, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Fertilizers, education, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Minerals, Cadmium, education.field_of_study, business.industry, risk assessment, MESH: Food Contamination, Food safety, Pollution, Soil contamination, Manure, 6. Clean water, Europe, chemistry, 13. Climate action, food contamination, engineering, Environmental science, France, Fertilizer, business, fertilizing materials, soil contamination
Abstract: International audience; Cadmium is a ubiquitous and highly toxic contaminant that can cause serious adverse effects.The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) have shown that the risk related to food contamination by cadmium cannot be ruled out in Europe and France. Fertilizing material is one of the main sources of cadmium contamination in the food chain on which regulators can play to reduce cadmium exposure in the population. The aim of this work was to develop a mass-balance approach integrating the various environmental sources of cadmium to estimate the effects of a decrease in cadmium concentrations in crop fertilizers on dietary exposure and on the health risk. This approach led to a predictive model that can be used as a decision-making tool. Representative and protective fertilization scenarios associated with controlled cadmium levels in mineral phosphate fertilizers were simulated and converted into cadmium fluxes.Cadmium inputs from industrial mineral phosphate fertilizers were then compared with cadmium brought by the application of manure, sewage sludge and farm anaerobic digest, at the levels typical of French agricultural practices. Regardless of the fertilizer and scenario used, a flux lower than 2 g Cd.ha-1.year-1 reduces both the accumulation in soils and the transfer of cadmium in the food chain. It corresponds to a cadmium content of 20 mg.kg P2O5-1 or less in mineral phosphate fertilizers. Modelling the transfer of cadmium from the soil to consumed food made it possible to propose cadmium limits in fertilizers applied in France. In a global context of ecological transition to promote human health, this research will help risk managers and public authorities in the regulatory decision-making process for the reduction of environmental cadmium contamination and human exposure.
Published: 2021

30. Nonparametric Model-Based Estimators for the Cumulative Distribution Function of a Right Censored Variable in a Small Area

Author: Casanova, Sandrine, Leconte, Eve, Daouia, Abdelaati, Ruiz-Gazen, Anne, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Cumulative distribution function, 05 social sciences, Nonparametric statistics, Estimator, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 01 natural sciences, Quantile regression, 010104 statistics & probability, Sample size determination, 0502 economics and business, Statistics, Covariate, 0101 mathematics, 050205 econometrics, Quantile, Variable (mathematics), Mathematics
Abstract: National audience; In survey analysis, the estimation of the cumulative distribution function (cdf) is of great interest as it facilitates the derivation of mean/median estimators for both populations and sub-populations (i.e. domains). We focus on small domains and consider the case where the response variable is right censored. Under this framework, we propose a nonparametric model-based estimator that extends the cdf estimator of Casanova (2012) to the censored case: it uses auxiliary information in the form of a continuous covariate and utilizes nonparametric quantile regression. We then employ simulations to compare the constructed estimator with the model-based cdf estimator of Casanova and Leconte (2015) and the Kaplan–Meier estimator (Kaplan and Meier 1958), both of which use only information contained within the domain: the quantile-based estimator performs better than the former two for very small domain sample sizes. Access times to the first job for young female graduates in the Occitania region are used to illustrate the new methodology.
Published: 2021

31. Measuring the delayed neutrons multiplicity and kinetic parameters for the thermal induced fission of 235U, 239Pu and 233U

Author: Benoit Geslot, Diane Doré, Pierre Leconte, Paolo Mutti, Alix Sardet, Olivier Méplan, Grégoire De Izarra, Torsten Soldner, Grégoire Kessedjian, Abdelhazize Chebboubi, Pierre Casoli, Institut de recherche sur les systèmes nucléaires pour la production d'énergie bas carbone (IRESNE), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Physique EXpérimentale, d'essais en Sûreté et d'Instrumentation (SPESI), Département Etude des Réacteurs (DER), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Service Mesures et modélisation des Transferts et des Accidents graves (SMTA), Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), Service de Physique des Réacteurs et du Cycle (SPRC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), and ILL
Subjects: delayed neutrons, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], uranium 233, QC1-999, Population, uranium 235, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, fissile isotopes, law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, 010306 general physics, education, Physics, education.field_of_study, Fissile material, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear data, Nuclear reactor, plutonium 239, Uranium-233, Uranium-235, Delayed neutron, fission chambers, 3he proportional counters
Abstract: In the normal operation of nuclear reactors, the kinetic behavior of the neutron population in the core is driven by the so-called delayed neutrons (DN). The DN yield per fission, their average lifetime and their groups’ abundances are the main physical parameters used to predict the kinetic behavior of the reactor and its reactivity. The overall uncertainty associated to reactivity predictions, which is linked directly to the nuclear reactor safety margins, is thus closely dependent on a few parameters associated with DN. Depending on the nuclear data library, DN kinetic parameters present significant discrepancies, even for major fissile isotopes such as 235U or 239Pu. In this context, CEA has long been working for improving DN nuclear data. In 2018, CEA launched the ALDEN project (Average Lifetime of DElayed Neutrons) in the framework of a collaboration between CEA/DES, CEA/DRF, CNRS/IN2P3 (LPSC, CENBG, LPC), ENSICAEN and Caen University. This program aims at measuring the kinetics of the delayed neutrons to derive the DN yield, their average lifetime and abundances. Two experimental campaigns focusing on the thermal fission of 235U were conducted in 2018 and 2019. They demonstrated the concept feasibility and gave high quality estimations of the DN multiplicity (1.631 ± 0.014 %) and average lifetime (8.82 ± 0.6 s) for 235U. More recently in March 2021, a more ambitious irradiation campaign was conducted on 239Pu and 233U. This paper details the new experimental setup, which was upgraded to meet ILL safety requirements for handling plutonium. The data analysis process is presented, with a focus on the problem of dead time correction. Finally, some preliminary delayed neutron decay curves are showed and discussed.
Published: 2021

32. ARES IV: Probing the Atmospheres of the Two Warm Small Planets HD 106315c and HD 3167c with the HST/WFC3 Camera

Author: Sam Wright, Emmanuel Marcq, Adam Yassin Jaziri, Amélie Gressier, Quentin Changeat, Doriann Blain, Michelle Fabienne Bieger, Alexandre Santerne, Jérémy Leconte, Ahmed Al-Refaie, Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Alessandro Sozzetti, Tiziano Tsingales, William Pluriel, Pierre Drossart, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Gloria Guilluy, Kai Hou Yip, Niall Whiteford, Olivia Venot, Lorenzo V. Mugnai, Ingo Waldmann, Mario Morvan, Robin Baeyens, Flavien Kiefer, Billy Edwards, Angelos Tsiaras, Mathilde Poveda, Nour Skaf, Benjamin Charnay, Dipartimento di Fisica [Torino], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica [Palermo] (DiFC), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Exeter, Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Centre for Exoplanet Science, School of Physical Sciences [Hobart], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), ANR-16-CE31-0005,e-PYTHEAS,Etude des hydrocarbures en émission et absorption dasn les exoplanètes à haute température(2016), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: astronomy data analysis, Exoplanets, Exoplanet atmospheres, Hubble Space Telescope, EXOPLANET, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, MODELS, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atmosphere, METHANE, Planet, Hubble space telescope, 0103 physical sciences, PHOTOMETRY, Absorption (logic), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, SPECTRUM, Science & Technology, SPECTROSCOPY, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, FRAMEWORK, Exoplanet, LINE LISTS, TRANSITING PLANET, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, Wide Field Camera 3, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an atmospheric characterization study of two medium sized planets bracketing the radius of Neptune: HD 106315 c (R$_{\rm{P}}$=4.98 $\pm$ 0.23 R$_{\oplus}$) and HD 3167 c (R$_{\rm{P}}$=2.740$_{-0.100}^{+0.106}$ R$_{\oplus}$). We analyse spatially scanned spectroscopic observations obtained with the G141 grism (1.125 - 1.650 $\mu$m) of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. We use the publicly available Iraclis pipeline and TauREx3 atmospheric retrieval code and we detect water vapor in the atmosphere of both planets with an abundance of $\log_{10}[\mathrm{H_2O}]=-2.1^{+0.7}_{-1.3}$ ($\sim$5.68$\sigma$) and $\log_{10}[\mathrm{H_2O}]=-4.1^{+0.9}_{-0.9}$ ($\sim$3.17$\sigma$) for HD 106315 c and HD 3167 c, respectively. The transmission spectrum of HD 106315 c shows also a possible evidence of ammonia absorption ($\log_{10}[\mathrm {NH_3}]=-4.3^{+0.7}_{-2.0}$, $\sim$1.97$\sigma$ -even if it is not significant-), whilst carbon dioxide absorption features may be present in the atmosphere of HD 3167 c in the $\sim$1.1-1.6~$\mu$m wavelength range ($\log_{10}[\mathrm{CO_{2}}]= -2.4^{+0.7}_{-1.0}$, $\sim$3.28$\sigma$). However the CO$_2$ detection appears significant, it must be considered carefully and put into perspective. Indeed, CO$_2$ presence is not explained by 1D equilibrium chemistry models, and it could be due to possible systematics. The additional contribution of clouds, CO and CH$_4$ are discussed. HD 106315 c and HD 3167 c will be interesting targets for upcoming telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-Survey (Ariel)., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ
Published: 2021

33. Phase-mixing v.s. phase synchronization in the dynamics of flow-shear induced edge transport barrier

Author: M. Leconte
Subjects: Physics, Condensed matter physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Plasma, Transport barrier, Condensed Matter Physics, Phase synchronization, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nonlinear system, Shear (geology), 0103 physical sciences, Nonlinear Oscillations, 010306 general physics, Phase mixing
Abstract: Nonlinear relaxation oscillations of flow-shear induced transport barriers can be qualitatively reproduced using a phenomenological critical-gradient model [M. Leconte, Y.M. Jeon and G.S. Yun, \emph{Contrib. Plasma Phys.} 56, 736 (2016]. Here, we give a more in-depth analysis of the mechanism of these nonlinear oscillations, associated to nonlinear \emph{phase synchronization}, in an extended version of the model including random fluctuations., 10 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2020

34. Ultrahigh-resolution scanning microwave impedance microscopy of moiré lattices and superstructures

Author: Salman Kahn, Feng Wang, Paul D. Ashby, Alex Zettl, Kenji Watanabe, Michael F. Crommie, Alexander Weber-Bargioni, Jeil Jung, Takashi Taniguchi, Guangyu Zhang, Birui Yang, Appalakondaiah Samudrala, M. Virginia P. Altoe, M. Iqbal Bakti Utama, Nicolas Leconte, Shuopei Wang, and Kyunghoon Lee
Subjects: Materials science, Materials Science, 02 engineering and technology, Electronic structure, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Microscopy, cond-mat.mes-hall, 010306 general physics, Image resolution, Research Articles, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Graphene, SciAdv r-articles, Heterojunction, Moiré pattern, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, cond-mat.mtrl-sci, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Microwave, Research Article
Abstract: Local conductance behavior of various moiré lattices, moiré superstructures, and Kagome-like moiré are resolved down to sub–5 nm., Two-dimensional heterostructures composed of layers with slightly different lattice vectors exhibit new periodic structure known as moiré lattices, which, in turn, can support novel correlated and topological phenomena. Moreover, moiré superstructures can emerge from multiple misaligned moiré lattices or inhomogeneous strain distributions, offering additional degrees of freedom in tailoring electronic structure. High-resolution imaging of the moiré lattices and superstructures is critical for understanding the emerging physics. Here, we report the imaging of moiré lattices and superstructures in graphene-based samples under ambient conditions using an ultrahigh-resolution implementation of scanning microwave impedance microscopy. Although the probe tip has a gross radius of ~100 nm, spatial resolution better than 5 nm is achieved, which allows direct visualization of the structural details in moiré lattices and the composite super-moiré. We also demonstrate artificial synthesis of novel superstructures, including the Kagome moiré arising from the interplay between different layers.
Published: 2020

35. Sensors position optimization for monitoring the convergence of radioactive waste storage tunnel

Author: Talon Aurélie, Chateauneuf Alaa, Leconte Marc, Breul Pierre, Chapoulade Elodie, Hermand Guillaume, Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), and This research is technically supported and funded by ANDRA (French national radioactive waste management agency)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, Genetic algorithm, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, genetic algorithm, General Materials Science, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Waste Management and Disposal, Orientation (computer vision), Mechanical Engineering, Inverse problem, monitoring, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Probability distribution, radioactive waste storage tunnel, Vibrating wire, optimization, Geology, Marine engineering, Extensometer
Abstract: International audience; In the Cigéo project for deep geological of radioactive waste, the project manager has to follow the convergence of tunnel (cells) cross-section built at 490 m depth. This convergence is due to the mechanical pressure in the rock layer. Vibrating Wire Extensometers (VWE) are ised to measure the strain at their locations. Our objective is to optimize the location of sensors to estimate the horizontal stress due to strain observations. This issue is solved using an inverse problem, which first requires the creation of a direct model that represents the bahviour of a cross-section. From rock data measured on site, thanks to an underground demonstrator, a numerical model is developed to generate s strain database for different VWE locations with different rock stresses and rigidities. The theoritical orientation of the sensors is orthoradial, but they can have angle and intrinsic errors. Considering various types of uncertainties, an inverse model based on Bayesian approach is developped to calculate the probability distribution of stresses. The last step is to use a genetic algorithm to determine the optimal sensor distribution. The best sensor placements is found to be near the kidneys, i.e. at more or less 45° around 0° and 180°.
Published: 2020

36. ARES. II. Characterizing the Hot Jupiters WASP-127 b, WASP-79 b, and WASP-62b with the Hubble Space Telescope

Author: William Pluriel, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Tiziano Zingales, Doriann Blain, Nour Skaf, Quentin Changeat, Sam Wright, Benjamin Charnay, Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Amélie Gressier, Adam Yassin Jaziri, Ahmed Al-Refaie, Robin Baeyens, Billy Edwards, Pierre Drossart, Mathilde Poveda, Ingo Waldmann, Michelle Fabienne Bieger, Jérémy Leconte, Niall Whiteford, Kai Hou Yip, Mario Morvan, Angelos Tsiaras, Flavien Kiefer, Gloria Guilluy, Olivia Venot, Lorenzo V. Mugnai, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Exeter, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECLIPSE 2020, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica [Torino], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Department of Physics [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Centre for Exoplanet Science, School of Physical Sciences [Hobart], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)
Subjects: Exoplanet atmospheres (487), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gas giant, Exoplanet astronomy, MOLECULAR OPACITIES, Exoplanet atmospheres, Astronomy data analysis, Hubble Space Telescope, MODELS, Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Exoplanet astronomy (486), Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, DWARF, Astronomy data analysis (1858), CHEMISTRY, Hubble space telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Science & Technology, SPECTROSCOPY, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Hubble Space Telescope (761), EXOPLANETS, Grism, On board, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, ROTATION, Wide Field Camera 3, ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, PLANETS
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents the atmospheric characterization of three large, gaseous planets: WASP-127 b, WASP-79 b, and WASP-62 b. We analyzed spectroscopic data obtained with the G141 grism (1.088-1.68 μm) of the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope using the Iraclis pipeline and the TauREx3 retrieval code, both of which are publicly available. For WASP-127 b, which is the least dense planet discovered so far and is located in the short-period Neptune desert, our retrieval results found strong water absorption corresponding to an abundance of log(H2O) = -2.71 +0.78−1.05 and absorption compatible with an iron hydride abundance of log(FeH) = −5.25+0.88−1.10, with an extended cloudy atmosphere. We also detected water vapor in the atmospheres of WASP-79 b and WASP-62 b, with best-fit models indicating the presence of iron hydride, too. We used the Atmospheric Detectability Index as well as Bayesian log evidence to quantify the strength of the detection and compared our results to the hot Jupiter population study by Tsiaras et al. While all the planets studied here are suitable targets for characterization with upcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope and Ariel, WASP-127 b is of particular interest due to its low density, and a thorough atmospheric study would develop our understanding of planet formation and migration. * ARES: Ariel Retrieval of Exoplanets School.
Published: 2020

37. Nocturnal cooling in Local Climate Zone: Statistical approach using mobile measurements

Author: Julien Bouyer, François Leconte, Rémy Claverie, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet TEAM (Cerema Equipe-projet TEAM), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), and French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Regression analysis, Terrain, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Sunset, Nocturnal, 01 natural sciences, Urban Studies, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 13. Climate action, Urban planning, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Urban climate, Climatology, 11. Sustainability, Environmental science, Scale (map), Intensity (heat transfer), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Up-to-date climate scenarios warn that the frequency and intensity of heat waves are likely to increase in Europe during the twenty first century. In these circumstances, urban climate is progressively taken into account in urban planning processes, for instance using terrain classifications. The developed methodology involves the Local Climate Zone scheme (LCZ), which has been applied to Nancy, France. Mobile measurements campaigns have been performed using an instrumented vehicle in order to record daily air temperature dynamics, with a focus on the daily cooling period. So as to quantify LCZ cooling before and after sunset over several days, a climatic indicator called Normalized Cooling Rate (NCR) has been used. This study presents statistical regressions that have been performed between normalized cooling rate values calculated from field measurements and urban indicators. Results indicate that normalized cooling rates and most of the studied urban features are correlated. Regression model using sky view factor and distance to the city center seems enough accurate to estimate nocturnal cooling at the district scale.
Published: 2020

38. Complexes of the Bis(di-tert-butyl-aniline)amine Pincer Ligand: The Case of Copper

Author: Christian Philouze, Florian Molton, Solène Gentil, Nicolas Leconte, Fabrice Thomas, Alan Le Goff, Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox Biomimétique (DCM - CIRE ), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Solar fuels, hydrogen and catalysis (SolHyCat), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Biosystèmes Electrochimiques et Analytiques (DCM - BEA ), Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox (DCM - CIRE ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017)
Subjects: Iminosemiquinones, Electronic structure, Coordination sphere, Spin states, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, chemistry.chemical_element, Disproportionation, Radicals, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Copper, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, Deprotonation, chemistry, law, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Pincer ligand, Phenylenediamine
Abstract: International audience; TheN,N-bis(2-amino-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)amine pincer ligand was coordinated to copper. Depending on the copper source, a mononuclear complex1(+)or a trimer2could be isolated and were structurally characterized. Complex1(+)consists of two deprotonated iminobenzoquinone ligands coordinated to a Cu(I) center. Complex2is trinuclear with a (3:3) (M:L) stoichiometry, featuring a three-fold repetition of a unit made of a Cu(II) center coordinated to a tridentate ligand radical-dianion. In2, the metal ions are bridged by an anilido nitrogen. The coordination sphere of each copper is completed to four by a neighboring iminosemiquinone moiety. Complex1(+)belongs to an electron-transfer series. The paramagnetic complexes1and1(2+)were generated and characterized by EPR and Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Complex1exhibits an isotropic resonance at g = 2.00, which is reminiscent of Cu(I) iminosemiquinone species. The dication1(2+)exhibits a metal-based ground spin state and hence is described as a Cu(II) iminobenzoquinone complex. Both1and1(+)show a NIR band (954, 980 nm) of high intensity (> 20 mm(-1) cm(-1)) assigned to ligand-based charge transfer transitions. Two-electron reduction of1produces2via ligand release and disproportionation. Conversely, oxidation of2affords1(+). Finally, carbon-nanotube-supported complex2is active towards electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2.
Published: 2020

39. Vibration Analysis of a PMSM through FEM Multiphysics Simulation with Experimental Validation

Author: Irma Villar, Limin Huang, Alejandro L. Rodriguez, Vincent Leconte, and Patrick Lombard
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Computer science, business.industry, Stator, Modal analysis, Multiphysics, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic flux, Finite element method, law.invention, Vibration, Modal, Electromagnetic coil, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business
Abstract: Vibratory characterization of electrical machines is an important task that should be performed early in the design stages. Treat it as an afterthought may lead to high vibration and noise levels incompatible with the application requirements.In this paper, multiphysics FEM simulation is used to model a PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine) from both, the magnetic and vibratory point of view.A 2D magnetic simulation is carried out to get the excitation forces over the stator. In parallel, a 3D modal simulation will reproduce an Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA), identifying machine’s vibration modes. Finally, the Maxwell forces obtained by the magnetic simulation will be used as input to run an Operation Modal Analysis (OMA) which output is the vibration levels in the machine’s housing.Magnetic, EMA and OMA simulations has been validated through prototype testing. A detailed comparison between simulation results and experiments is presented.
Published: 2020

40. TRAPPIST-1: Global results of the Spitzer Exploration Science Program Red Worlds

Author: Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Brice-Olivier Demory, Eric Agol, Franck Selsis, Adam J. Burgasser, J. de Wit, Valérie Van Grootel, Susan M. Lederer, L. Delrez, Paul B. Rimmer, Emeline Bolmont, Martin Turbet, Sean N. Raymond, Jérémy Leconte, J. Ingalls, Sean Carey, Elsa Ducrot, Emmanuel Jehin, Michaël Gillon, D. Queloz, Maximilian N. Günther, ECLIPSE 2020, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rimmer, Paul [0000-0002-7180-081X], Queloz, Didier [0000-0002-3012-0316], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Dwarf star, Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, Spectral line, planets and satellites: terrestrial planets, Photometry (optics), techniques: photometric, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, planets and satellites: atmospheres, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 520 Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Circumstellar habitable zone, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: With more than 1000 hours of observation from Feb 2016 to Oct 2019, the Spitzer Exploration Program Red Worlds (ID: 13067, 13175 and 14223) exclusively targeted TRAPPIST-1, a nearby (12pc) ultracool dwarf star orbited by seven transiting Earth-sized planets, all well-suited for a detailed atmospheric characterization with the upcoming JWST. In this paper, we present the global results of the project. We analyzed 88 new transits and combined them with 100 previously analyzed transits, for a total of 188 transits observed at 3.6 or 4.5 $\mu$m. We also analyzed 29 occultations (secondary eclipses) of planet b and eight occultations of planet c observed at 4.5 $\mu$m to constrain the brightness temperatures of their daysides. We identify several orphan transit-like structures in our Spitzer photometry, but all of them are of low significance. We do not confirm any new transiting planets. We estimate for TRAPPIST-1 transit depth measurements mean noise floors of $\sim$35 and 25 ppm in channels 1 and 2 of Spitzer/IRAC, respectively. most of this noise floor is of instrumental origins and due to the large inter-pixel inhomogeneity of IRAC InSb arrays, and that the much better interpixel homogeneity of JWST instruments should result in noise floors as low as 10ppm, which is low enough to enable the atmospheric characterization of the planets by transit transmission spectroscopy. We construct updated broadband transmission spectra for all seven planets which show consistent transit depths between the two Spitzer channels. We identify and model five distinct high energy flares in the whole dataset, and discuss our results in the context of habitability. Finally, we fail to detect occultation signals of planets b and c at 4.5 $\mu$m, and can only set 3$\sigma$ upper limits on their dayside brightness temperatures (611K for b 586K for c)., Comment: 50 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2020

41. Average neutron cross sections of Tc99

Author: L. Šalamon, A. Gruel, Peter Schillebeeckx, Pierre Leconte, Benoit Geslot, Stefan Kopecky, J. Heyse, C. Paradela, and Gilles Noguere
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear astrophysics, Iterative analysis, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: $^{99}\mathrm{Tc}$ has been the subject of several experimental programs at the JRC-Geel since the late 1990s. This work presents new transmission data measured at the GELINA facility with the time-of-flight technique, whose simultaneous analysis with past transmission experiments provided a revised set of resonance parameters up to 5 keV. An iterative analysis between the resonance and ``continuum'' energy ranges leads to average resonance parameters $[{S}_{0}=0.51(3)$, $\ensuremath{\langle}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}}\ensuremath{\rangle}=137(7)$ meV, ${D}_{0}=12.8(2)$ eV] and theoretical average capture cross sections consistent with those reported in the literature. At $E=30$ keV, we obtain a capture cross section of 1076(45) mb and a Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS) of 1016(43) mb. The agreement with the recommended MACS value of 933(47) mb remains within the quoted uncertainties. This result demonstrates the performances of transmission experiments to provide reliable theoretical capture cross sections for long-lived fission products in the energy range of interest for $s$-process nucleosynthesis calculations.
Published: 2020

42. ARES I: WASP-76 b, A Tale of Two HST Spectra

Author: Sam Wright, Angelos Tsiaras, Mario Morvan, Mathilde Poveda, Ahmed Al-Refaie, Pierre Drossart, Gloria Guilluy, Amélie Gressier, Olivia Venot, William Pluriel, Lorenzo V. Mugnai, Flavien Kiefer, Tiziano Zingales, Niall Whiteford, Robin Baeyens, Ingo Waldmann, Billy Edwards, Adam Yassin Jaziri, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Doriann Blain, Jake Taylor, Quentin Changeat, Nour Skaf, Benjamin Charnay, Michelle Fabienne Bieger, Jérémy Leconte, Kai Hou Yip, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Exeter, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica [Torino], Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), ECLIPSE 2020, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica [Palermo] (DiFC), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Physics [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Centre for Exoplanet Science, School of Physical Sciences [Hobart], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Oxford, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), and Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza]
Subjects: Brightness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Exoplanet atmospheres, Exoplanet atmospheric composition, Hubble Space Telescope, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Atmosphere, Jupiter, HAT-P-7B, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, MOLECULAR LINE LISTS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, HOT, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Science & Technology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ATMOSPHERE, GIANT EXOPLANET, Grism, RESOLUTION, Transmission (telecommunications), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical Sciences, INFERENCE, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Wide Field Camera 3, STARS
Abstract: We analyse the transmission and emission spectra of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76b, observed with the G141 grism of the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). We reduce and fit the raw data for each observation using the open-source software Iraclis before performing a fully Bayesian retrieval using the publicly available analysis suite TauRex 3. Previous studies of the WFC3 transmission spectra of WASP-76 b found hints of titanium oxide (TiO) and vanadium oxide (VO) or non-grey clouds. Accounting for a fainter stellar companion to WASP-76, we reanalyse this data and show that removing the effects of this background star changes the slope of the spectrum, resulting in these visible absorbers no longer being detected, eliminating the need for a non-grey cloud model to adequately fit the data but maintaining the strong water feature previously seen. However, our analysis of the emission spectrum suggests the presence of TiO and an atmospheric thermal inversion, along with a significant amount of water. Given the brightness of the host star and the size of the atmospheric features, WASP-76 b is an excellent target for further characterisation with HST, or with future facilities, to better understand the nature of its atmosphere, to confirm the presence of TiO and to search for other optical absorbers., Accepted for publication in AJ
Published: 2020

43. The Deep Composition of Uranus and Neptune from In Situ Exploration and Thermochemical Modeling

Author: Peter Wurz, Michel Dobrijevic, Roda Bounaceur, Jérémy Leconte, Thibault Cavalié, Yamila Miguel, Olivia Venot, Olivier Mousis, Leigh N. Fletcher, Vincent Hue, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASP 2020, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, School of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Universität Bern [Bern], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gas giant, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Astrobiology, Orbiter, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, law, Neptune, 0103 physical sciences, 14. Life underwater, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC], Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [INFO.INFO-PL]Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], Uranus, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Planetary science, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Great conjunction, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Ice giant, Geology, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The distant ice giants of the Solar System, Uranus and Neptune, have only been visited by one space mission, Voyager 2. The current knowledge on their composition remains very limited despite some recent advances. A better characterization of their composition is however essential to constrain their formation and evolution, as a significant fraction of their mass is made of heavy elements, contrary to the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. An in situ probe like Galileo would provide us with invaluable direct ground-truth composition measurements. However, some of the condensibles will remain out of the grasp of a shallow probe. While additional constraints could be obtained from a complementary orbiter, thermochemistry and diffusion modeling can further help us to increase the science return of an in situ probe., Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews
Published: 2020

44. Hydraulic Model Calibration Using Water Levels Derived from Time Series High-Resolution SAR Images

Author: Gabriela Siles, Nicolas Michel Desrochers, Daniel L. Peters, Mélanie Trudel, and Robert Leconte
Subjects: Synthetic aperture radar, Calibration and validation, Series (mathematics), Calibration (statistics), Mechanical Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, High resolution, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 020801 environmental engineering, Flood mapping, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Remote sensing
Abstract: Hydraulic models require water extents (WE) and water levels (WL) for their calibration and validation. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been readily used in the past to delineate wat...
Published: 2020

45. Strong biases in retrieved atmospheric composition caused by strong day-night chemical heterogeneities

Author: Tiziano Zingales, Jérémy Leconte, Vivien Parmentier, William Pluriel, ECLIPSE 2020, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, planets and satellites, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, spectroscopic, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, methods, methods: numerical, Atmosphere, Jupiter, numerical, Orders of magnitude (specific energy), atmospheres, radiative transfer, techniques, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, planets and satellites: atmospheres, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Wide Field Camera 3, techniques: spectroscopic, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Most planets currently amenable to transit spectroscopy are close enough to their host star to exhibit a relatively strong day to night temperature gradient. For hot planets, this leads to cause a chemical composition dichotomy between the two hemispheres. In the extreme case of ultra hot jupiters, some species, such as molecular hydrogen and water, are strongly dissociated on the day-side while others, such as carbon monoxide, are not. However, most current retrieval algorithm rely on 1D forward models that are unable to model this effect. We thus investigate how the 3D structure of the atmosphere biases the abundances retrieved using commonly used algorithms. We study the case of Wasp-121b as a prototypical ultra hot Jupiter. We use the simulations of this planet performed with the SPARC/MIT global climate model (GCM) and generate transmission spectra that fully account for the 3D structure of the atmosphere with Pytmopsh3R. These spectra are then analyzed using the \taurex retrieval code. We find that such ultra hot jupiter's transmission spectra exhibit muted H$_2$O features that originate in the night-side where the temperature, hence the scale-height, is smaller than on the day-side. However, the spectral features of molecules present on the day-side are boosted by both its high temperature and low mean molecular weight. As a result, the retrieved parameters are strongly biased compared to the ground truth. In particular the [CO]/[H$_2$O] is overestimated by one to three orders of magnitude. This must be kept in mind when using such retrieval analysis to infer the C/O ratio of a planet's atmosphere. We also discuss whether indicators can allow us to infer the 3D structure of an observed atmosphere. Finally we show that HST/WFC3 transmission data of Wasp-121b are compatible with the day-night thermal and compositional dichotomy predicted by models., 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted on March 12 2020 in Astronomy & Astrophysics, section 10. Planets and planetary systems
Published: 2020

46. Uncertainties of Precipitable Water Calculations for PMP Estimates in Current and Future Climates

Author: Hassan Rouhani and Robert Leconte
Subjects: Estimation, Resource (biology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Precipitable water, Meteorology, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Current (stream), Maximum precipitation, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is the design criterion for many hydraulic and hydrologic structures. Despite its significance in water resource engineering, estimation of PMP values c...
Published: 2020

47. High peak power pulsed fiber laser with high efficiency based on an ytterbium doped powder sinter fiber

Author: Maxime Chenou, Paul Mouchel, Raphaël Jamier, Philippe Roy, Guillaume Canat, Céline Canal, Romain Dauliat, Baptiste Leconte, Alain Mugnier, Keopsys by LUMIBIRD, Photonique Fibre et Sources Cohérentes (XLIM-PHOT), XLIM (XLIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pulse repetition frequency, Ytterbium, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Amplifier, Antenna aperture, Slope efficiency, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Cladding (fiber optics), Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: International audience; High power diffraction-limited 1064 nm fiber lasers operating in the nanosecond regime can be used for long-range LIDAR and micromachining applications. Peak power is limited by non-linearities, there is therefore an interest to develop fibers exhibiting a very large mode field effective area. New fibers are being developed in the frame of the 4F consortium ("French laser Fibers for Factories of the Future") to fulfill this need. We report on results obtained with a new 39 µm core diameter polarization maintaining ytterbium doped fiber that has been manufactured using the powder sintering technology. It features a large cladding absorption close to 20 dB/m at 976 nm (small signal) and a mode field diameter close to 32 µm. We built a pulsed MOPA. The preamplifier generates 2.5 ns pulses at 1064 nm with 8.5 W average power at 1 MHz pulse repetition frequency. The power amplifier is based on the 39 µm core fiber with 215/230µm hexagonal cladding counterpumped at 976 nm. It features 72 % slope efficiency delivering 72.2 W average power at a pulse repetition rate of 1 MHz. An end-cap was spliced to the fiber output to increase the damage threshold. At 100 kHz a peak power of 351 kW was measured for an average power of 59.9 W. The efficiency is then 70 %. This good efficiency shows that the composition was well optimized. We also studied the influence of the bending radius on the slope efficiency. We do not observe any slope efficiency reduction down to 25 cm bending diameter. It decreased to 68 % for the 20 cm bending diameter. The laser shows a quasisinglemode output beam with a good quality factor M² of 1.2.
Published: 2020

48. Catchment-Scale Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Hydrologic Modelling Using Conceptual and Physically Based Models: A Model Comparison Study

Author: Mathieu Nuth, Robert Leconte, and Mohammad Bizhanimanzar
Subjects: mobidic-modflow, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water table, Geography, Planning and Development, 0207 environmental engineering, water table fluctuations, 02 engineering and technology, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, thomas brook catchment, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, lcsh:TD201-500, Hydrogeology, Baseflow, integrated hydrologic models, MODFLOW, surface water-groundwater interaction, Groundwater recharge, groundwater recharge, unsaturated-saturated zone interactions, Environmental science, MIKE SHE, mike she, Surface water, Groundwater
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the use of an externally linked (MOBIDIC-MODFLOW) and a physically based (MIKE SHE) surface water-groundwater model to capture the integrated hydrologic responses of the Thomas Brook catchment, in Canada. The main objective of the study is to investigate the effect of simplification in representation of the hydrological processes in MOBIDIC-MODFLOW on its simulation accuracy. To this aim, MOBIDIC and MODFLOW were coupled in order to sequentially exchange the groundwater recharge and baseflow discharges within each computation time step. Using identical sets of hydrogeological properties for the two models, the coefficients of the gravity and capillary reservoirs in MOBIDIC were calibrated so as to closely predict the hydrological budget of the catchment simulated with MIKE SHE. The simulated results show that the two models can closely replicate the observed water table responses at two monitoring wells. However, in very shallow water table locations, the instantaneous response of the water table was not precisely captured in MOBIDIC-MODFLOW. Additionally, the simplified conceptualization of the unsaturated flow in MOBIDIC-MODFLOW resulted in overestimated groundwater recharge during spring and underestimation during summer. Moreover, the computational efficiency of MOBIDIC-MODFLOW, as compared to MIKE SHE, along with less required input data, confirms its potential for regional scale groundwater-surface water interaction modelling applications.
Published: 2020

49. Global climate modeling of Saturn's atmosphere. Part II: Multi-annual high-resolution dynamical simulations

Author: Sébastien Lebonnois, Aymeric Spiga, Melody Sylvestre, Mikel Indurain, Yann Meurdesoif, Thomas Dubos, Alexandre Boissinot, Simon Cabanes, Sandrine Guerlet, Thierry Fouchet, Ehouarn Millour, Jérémy Leconte, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), ECLIPSE 2020, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-17-CE31-0007,EMERGIANT,Un modèle commun pour comprendre les atmosphères des géantes gazeuses(2017), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Baroclinity, Equator, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, symbols.namesake, Saturn, Barotropic fluid, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stratosphere, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Jet (fluid), Rossby wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Kelvin wave, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The Cassini mission unveiled the intense and diverse activity in Saturn's atmosphere: banded jets, waves, vortices, equatorial oscillations. To set the path towards a better understanding of those phenomena, we performed high-resolution multi-annual numerical simulations of Saturn's atmospheric dynamics. We built a new Global Climate Model [GCM] for Saturn, named the Saturn DYNAMICO GCM, by combining a radiative-seasonal model tailored for Saturn to a hydrodynamical solver based on an icosahedral grid suitable for massively-parallel architectures. The impact of numerical dissipation, and the conservation of angular momentum, are examined in the model before a reference simulation employing the Saturn DYNAMICO GCM with a $1/2^{\circ}$ latitude-longitude resolution is considered for analysis. Mid-latitude banded jets showing similarity with observations are reproduced by our model. Those jets are accelerated and maintained by eddy momentum transfers to the mean flow, with the magnitude of momentum fluxes compliant with the observed values. The eddy activity is not regularly distributed with time, but appears as bursts; both barotropic and baroclinic instabilities could play a role in the eddy activity. The steady-state latitude of occurrence of jets is controlled by poleward migration during the spin-up of our model. At the equator, a weakly-superrotating tropospheric jet and vertically-stacked alternating stratospheric jets are obtained in our GCM simulations. The model produces Yanai (Rossby-gravity), Rossby and Kelvin waves at the equator, as well as extratropical Rossby waves, and large-scale vortices in polar regions. Challenges remain to reproduce Saturn's powerful superrotating jet and hexagon-shaped circumpolar jet in the troposphere, and downward-propagating equatorial oscillation in the stratosphere., Comment: 68 pages, 23 figures, published in Icarus https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.07.011
Published: 2020

50. Catalytic light-triggered reduction promoted by a dithienylethene derivative

Author: Amina Khettabi, Nicolas Leconte, Saioa Cobo, Frédéric Lafolet, Arkadiusz Grempka, Marie-Noëlle Collomb, Damien Jouvenot, Elarbi Chatir, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS (UMR_7086)), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Subjects: 010405 organic chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Selective catalytic reduction, General Chemistry, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Photochromism, chemistry, Molecule, Pyridinium, Derivative (chemistry)
Abstract: International audience; A pyridinium substituted dithienylethene derivative was used for the first time as an efficient photo-reducing agent of two different substrates. This reaction exhibits high catalytic yields due to the continuous regeneration of the initial state of the photochromic molecule.
Published: 2020

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