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The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 51961165103 and 51672210) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB1502003 and 2017YFE0193900). S.S. is supported by the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals and “The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.”

This chapter deals with the effect of alternating electrical current on hydroxyapatite [HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] and doped HAp along with their optical response and the processes involved. The dielectric constant, permittivity and ac conductivity were analyzed to have an insight into the surface charge polarization phenomenon. Further, the magnitude and the polarity of the surface charges, microstructure, and phases also play significant role in the cell proliferation and growth on the implants. Besides, the mechanism behind the electrical properties and the healing of bone fracture are discussed. The influence of various dopants on the optical properties of HAp viz., absorbance, transmission, band gaps and defects energy levels are analyzed along with the photoluminescence and excitation independent emission. In the future outlook, the analysis of effect of doping is summarized and its impact on the next generation biomaterials are elucidated.

Herein, we fabricated a feasible and accurate sensing platform for the quantification of toxic organic pollutant 2-nitroaniline (2-NA) in water samples through electrocatalyst made up of bismuth molybdate (Bi2MoO6, BMO) functionalized carbon nanofiber (f-CNF) modified electrode. The preparation of BMO/f-CNF composite is of two methods, such as co-precipitation (C-BMO/f-CNF) and ultrasonication method (U-BMO/f-CNF). The physicochemical properties of the composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, BET, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM techniques. At U-BMO/f-CNF, the charge transfer resistance was low (Rct = 12.47 Ω) compared to C-BMO/f-CNF because nanosized U-BMO particles correctly aim at the defective sites of the f-CNF surface wall. Further, the electrocatalytic activity of C&U-BMO/f-CNF composites was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry techniques (DPV) for the electrochemical detection of 2-nitroaniline (2-NA). The U-BMO/f-CNF/GCE shows a higher cathodic current, wide dynamic linear range of 0.01–168.01 µM, and superior electrocatalytic activity with a low detection limit (0.0437 µM) and good sensitivity (0.6857 μA μM−1 cm−2). The excellent selectivity nature of U-BMO/f-CNF/GCE was observed in the presence of various organic pollutants and a few toxic metal cations. The practical applicability such as stability, repeatability towards 2-NA outcomes with accepted results. Besides, the practical viability of as proposed U-BMO/f-CNF sensor was investigated in soil and lake water samples delivers good recovery results. Hence from these analyses, we conclude that U-BMO/f-CNF/GCE potential for the determination of hazardous environmental pollutant 2-NA.

Uniform nanosheet-like structures were synthesized by the polymer based co-precipitation route. Different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (pure (0 g), 0.2 g and 0.5 g) were added to nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) ion co-doped ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction confirmed a spinel structure phase of the Ni − Co ferrites. Enhanced average crystallite size (6.7%) of the Ni − Co ferrites was found on polymer incorporation. The molecular functional group of polyvinyl alcohol and Ni − Co ferrites was confirmed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques. On adding polymer, the spherical morphology of the Ni − Co ferrites was tailored to nanosheets (200 nm × 300 nm). Therefore, the polymer based co-precipitation technique is an inexpensive, simple and effective route to engineer the morphology of the magnetic nanostructure and could be useful for gas sensor and magnetic sensors. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry