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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing rates and organic fertilization on growth and yield biomass quality of chia crop. The agronomic performance and nutritive value of chia were analyzed in order to define alternatives to local forages for dry-season feeding of ruminants in the Mediterranean region. Two sowing rates were arranged in the main plots and three levels of organic fertilization in the subplot with three replicates in split-plot design. Chia growth was not affected by sowing rates and fertilization. Concerning the dry weight and leaf area index (LAI), there were no significant differences among fertilization treatments while sowing rates influenced both dry and LAI, which were significantly increased as sowing rates increased. Forage quality traits were not significantly influenced by sowing rates. With regard to crude protein content, fertilization treatments had a positive effect. The greatest values were observed under manure treatment. Moreover, significant incre...

Monoculture and extensive use of glyphosate, ACCase and ALS inhibitors can greatly increase the risks of reduced efficacy of these herbicides on several weeds. In our study, seed samples of five Lolium rigidum accessions were collected from wheat fields and olive orchards in 2012 and 2013. Most of the sites were known as having poor L. rigidum control and pot experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the biotypes to glyphosate, clodinafop and chlorsulfuron. Data analysis confirmed significant differences in biomass reduction of the several biotypes in response to the herbicides. In particular, one biotype was found to be resistant to glyphosate, one to clodinafop and two to chlorsulfuron, while several biotypes had an intermediate response. These findings confirm that the reported unsatisfactory control of rigid ryegrass could be attributed to herbicide resistance and therefore rotational use of herbicides and several non-chemical methods are required.

From May to September 2016, a corn hybrid was sown in a field in central Greece. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six replications and five fertilization treatments, namely NutriSphere-N Nitrogen Fertilizer (75%), NutriSphere-N Nitrogen Fertilizer (100%), AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer (75%), AVAIL Phosphorus Fertilizer (100%) and unfertilized (control). Data analysis confirmed that the different type of fertilization has a significant effect on the composition of weed flora. In particular, the results of the present study indicated significant differences between the fertilization treatments concerning density and diversity of weeds. Furthermore, weed diversity in the control treatment was highest, while it was lower in plots receiving application of N and P. However, total weed dry mass was lower in plots receiving no fertilizer and P fertilization, and highest in plots receiving N. Differences in terms of weed growth between the two types of fertilization could be attributed to differences revealed in the composition of the weed flora.